Anatomy--synovial Joint

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Kaviti sendi Rawan artikular Membran sinovial Kapsul fibrosa

Kapsul artikular

Planar Joint (non-axial) ≈

Planar joint are flat or slightly curved. They permit side-to-side and back-and-forth movement. Hinge Joint (monaxial) ≈

In a hinge joint, the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone. They permit only flexion and extension.

Saddle Joint (triaxial) ≈

In a saddle joint, the articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped, and the articular surface of the other bone fits into the “saddle” as a sitting rider would sit. They are permitting movement around three axes (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction and rotation).

Ball-and-Socket Joint (triaxial) ≈

A ball-and-socket joint consists of the ball-like surface one bone fitting into a cup like depression of another bone. They are permitting movement around three axes (flexion-extension, abductionadduction and rotation).

Pivot Joint (monaxial) ≈

In a pivot joint, the rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone partly by a ligament. It allows rotation only around its own longitudinal axis. Condyloid Joint (biaxial) ≈

In a condyloid joint, the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fix into the oval shaped depression of another bone. It permit is around two axes (flexion-extension and abductionadduction)

Gliding ₤ Gliding is a simple movement in which relatively flat bone surfaces move back-and-forth and from side-to-side with respect to one another. For example: the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

Angular Movement ₤ In angular movement, there is an increase or decrease in the angle between articulating bones. For example: flexion, extension, lateral flexion, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.

Rotation ₤ In rotation, a bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis. For example: turning the head from side to side at the atlanto-axial joint (between the atlas and axis).

Special Movements Elevation ♪

An upward movement of a part of the body. Example: closing the mouth or shrugging the shoulder. Depression ♪

A downward movement of a part of the body. Example: opening the mouth or returning shrugged shoulders to the anatomical position.

Protraction ♪

A movement of a part of the body in the transverse plane. Example: protract clavicles (crossing arms).

Retraction ♪

A movement of a protracted part of the body back to the anatomical position.

Inversion ( turn inward) ♪

Movement of the sole medially at the intertarsal joints (between the tarsals). It opposing the movement of eversion. example : twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole inward. Eversion ( turn outward) ♪

movement of the sole laterally at the intertarsal joints. example : twisting motion of the foot that turn the sole outward.

Dorsiflexion ♪

Bending of the foot at the ankle or talocrural joint (between the tibia, fibula, and talus) in the direction of the dorsum. Its opposing the movement of the plantar flexion. Example : stand on your heels. Plantar Flexion ♪

Bending of the foot at the ankle joint in the direction of the plantar. Example : when you elevate your body by standing on your toes.

Supination ♪

A movement of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints (palm is turned anteriorly) Pronation ♪

A movement of the forearm at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints in which the distal end of the radius crosses over the distal end of the ulna and the palm is turned posteriorly.

Opposition ♪

Movement of the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint (between the trapezium and metacarpal of the thumb) in which the thumb moves across the palm to touch the tips of the fingers on the same hand.

Thank