Alkali Tanah Lagi

Episode : EARTH ALKALINE Ceniaa

Ineezz

Hunii

Amii

General Introduction

al s t e m f o up o ds r n g e i a r f m y Ia IIA. M p Hello, u o r am in g I . s e e i l n i l t tha Alka h t r a E , m call me f Beryllium, u i t n o to , Str m u i c l consis , Ca m u i s e Magn i um . d me a o R s , r o m f Bariu ficult f i d s i h at It w r e b ople mem e e p r , o o t S people volved me. tem s y s n i e ridg b metals y e k d don e ng : t i a z i e r r o c ing em c m a C y l i n s nga a for ea M k e Beb sane a R t e g r en a n a a C B t k e o Ser Mog o m e B agu r u g a R aru S r a e y b a a B C Sering ety Megang B isin a R t e Bang

I am so famous • Paparazzi : Hello, why people calling you earth alkaline metal??? • Me : Xie xie, Firstly, I am called metal because I have some metal characteristics such glossy or shiny solid type. I also have good capability in transferring heat and electricity

I am so famous • Paparazzi : Then, what do you mean by alkaline? • Me : Another Xie xie. I am alkaline because I have alkaline characters when I react with my acid and base friends.

I am so famous • Paparazzi : Okeeh, can you explain the “earth” terms?? • Me : The terms “earth” is used by the chemical experts because of some reasons. My oxidize is hard to be solute in water, beside I am easy to be found on the earth crust’s rocks

Name by Name • Beryllium comes from Greece “beryllos” means mineral • Magnesium comes from “Magnesia”, town in Greece • Calcium comes from Latin “calx/calcis” means lime • Strontium comes from word “Strontian”, town in Scotland • Barium comes from Greece “barys” means heavy / solid • Radium comes from Latin “radius” means light / ray

Where do you can find me??? Unsure

Earth Crust Percentage

Beryllium

-

Magnesium Calcium

Naturally Beryl mineral and crysoberyl

7th mostly found (1.9 MgCl2 compound in the water sea %) 5th mostly found (3.4 Carbonate, phosphate, sulphate %) compound

Strontium

0.03 %

Selestite and strontianite mineral

Barium

0.04 %

Baritine and Witerite mineral

Radium

0.33 ppm

Pitchlende (Uranium ore)

Beryllium

Magnesium

Calcium

Radium

Strontium

Barium

Beryllium Symbol: Be  Atomic Number: 4  Atomic Mass: 9.012182 Melting Point: 1278.0 °C Boiling Point: 2970.0 °C Number of Protons/Electrons: 4  Number of Neutrons: 5  Crystal Structure: Hexagonal  Density @ 293 K: 1.8477 g/cm3  Color: gray Date of Discovery: 1798  Discoverer: Fredrich Wohler 

Number of Energy Levels: 2 First Energy Level: 2  Second Energy Level: 2

Beryllium

Magnesium Symbol: Mg  Atomic Number: 12  Atomic Mass: 24.305 Melting Point: 650.0 °C Boiling Point: 1107.0 °C Number of Protons/Electrons: 12  Number of Neutrons: 12  Crystal Structure: Hexagonal  Density @ 293 K: 1.738 g/cm3  Color: grayish Date of Discovery: 1808  Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy 

Number of Energy Levels: 3 First Energy Level: 2  Second Energy Level: 8  Third Energy Level: 2

Magnesium

Calcium Symbol: Ca  Atomic Number: 20  Atomic Mass: 40.078 Melting Point: 839.0 °C   Boiling Point: 1484.0 °C Number of Protons/Electrons: 20  Number of Neutrons: 20  Crystal Structure: Cubic  Density @ 293 K: 1.55 g/cm3  Color: Silvery Date of Discovery: 1808  Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy 

Number of Energy Levels: 4 First Energy Level: 2  Second Energy Level: 8  Third Energy Level: 8  Fourth Energy Level: 2

Calcium

Strontium Symbol: Sr  Atomic Number: 38  Atomic Mass: 87.62   Melting Point: 769.0 °C Boiling Point: 1384.0 °C Number of Protons/Electrons: 38  Number of Neutrons: 50  Crystal Structure: Cubic  Density @ 293 K: 2.54 g/cm3  Color: yellowish Date of Discovery: 1790  Discoverer: A. Crawford 

Number of Energy Levels: 5 First Energy Level: 2  Second Energy Level: 8  Third Energy Level: 18  Fourth Energy Level: 8  Fifth Energy Level: 2

Strontium

Barium Symbol: Ba  Atomic Number: 56  Atomic Mass: 137.327 Melting Point: 725.0 °C Boiling Point: 1140.0 °C Number of Protons/Electrons: 56  Number of Neutrons: 81  Crystal Structure: Cubic  Density @ 293 K: 3.51 g/cm3  Color: Silver Date of Discovery: 1808  Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy 

Number of Energy Levels: 6 First Energy Level: 2  Second Energy Level: 8  Third Energy Level: 18  Fourth Energy Level: 18  Fifth Energy Level: 8  Sixth Energy Level: 2

Barium

Radium Symbol: Ra  Atomic Number: 88  Atomic Mass: (226.0)   Melting Point: 700.0 °C Boiling Point: 1737.0 °C Number of Protons/Electrons: 88  Number of Neutrons: 138  Crystal Structure: Cubic  Density @ 293 K: 5.0 g/cm3  Color: silverish Date of Discovery: 1898  Discoverer: Pierre and Marie Curie 

Number of Energy Levels: 7 First Energy Level: 2  Second Energy Level: 8  Third Energy Level: 18  Fourth Energy Level: 32  Fifth Energy Level: 18  Sixth Energy Level: 8  Seventh Energy Level: 2

Radium

My Physical Characteristics

What’s increasing & What’s decreasing

Atomic Characteristics

Generally & Physically

My Physical Characteristics In the room temperature, earth alkaline metals are in solid type. Mostly are white metallic colored, but quickly turn in to dark when contact with air and water.

My Physical Characteristics Alkaline earth metal’s atomic characteristics Element

Metal’s radius(pm)

Ionic radius (pm)

1st Ionisation 2nd Ionisation Electronegativit Oxidation energy (kJ/mol) energy kJ/mol) y number

Berilium

110

27

900

1757

1.5

+2

Magnesium

160

72

738

1451

1.2

+2

Calsium

200

100

590

1145

1.0

+2

Stronsium

220

113

550

1064

1.0

+2

Barium

220

136

503

965

0.7

+2

Radium

-

162

509

978

0.9

+2

My Physical Characteristics • Increasing atomic radius from Beryllium to Barium • Decreasing ionization energy from Beryllium to Radium • Decreasing electro negativity from Beryllium to Radium • Maximum oxidation number equal with +2

My Physical Characteristics Alkaline earth metal’s physical characteristics Element

Density (kg/m3)

Hardness (Mohs)

Melting point Boiling point Hfus (kJ/mol) Hv (kJ/mol) (ºC) (ºC)

Heat Electroconduc conductivity tivity

Be

1850

5.5

1278

2970

12.2

292

2

0.313

Mg

1740

2.5

649

1107

8.95

127

1.56

0.226

Ca

1540

1.75

839

1484

8.54

154

2.0

0.298

Sr

2620

1.5

769

1384

8.30

144

0.353

0.076

Ba

3510

1.25

725

1643

7.75

142

0.184

0.030

Ra

5000

-

700

1140

-

-

0.186

-

My Physical Characteristics • The increasing of density from Be to Ra. • The decreasing of hardness from Be to Ra. • The decreasing of melting point and Hfus from Be to Ra. • The decreasing of boiling point and Hv from Be to Ra. • The decreasing of electroconductivity and heatconductivity from Be to Ra.

My Chemical Characteristics Elements Berilium Magnesium Kalsium Stronsium Barium Radium

Electron Configurasi [He] 2s2 [Ne] 3s2 [Ar] 4s2 [Kr] 5s2 [Xe] 6s2 [Rn] 7s2

• Every atomic of alkali earth metal has 2 electron valence on sub skin s (the outest) • Alkali earth metal are reactive if the value of ionization is low • Reactivity of alkali earth metal increase from Be to Ra

Compound Solubility • The compound of alkali earth metal has small solubility. It is caused by the bigger charge of ion, and also the ionic bound • The example of alkali earth metal that easy to solute are Nitrate (NO3) and Chloride (Cl-)

I like to make a relationship with…. • • • • •

My My My My My

reaction reaction reaction reaction reaction

with with with with with

water oxygen nitrogen halogen hydrogen

Me & Water • Formula M + 2H2O  M(OH)2 + H2 Resulting hydroxide compound Ca + 2H2O  Ca(OH)2 + H2 Mg + 2H2O  Mg(OH)2 + H2

Me & O2 • Formula : 2M + O2  2MO M + O2  MO2 Resulting oxide and superoxide compound 2Be + O2  2BeO Ra + O2  RaO2

Me & Nitrogen • Formula : 3M + N2  M3N2 Resulting Nitride compound 3Mg + N2  Mg3N2 3Ba + N2  Ba3N2

Me & Halogen • Formula : M + X2  MX2 Resulting halide compound Be + Cl2  BeCl2 Ca + F2  CaF2

Me & Hydrogen • Formula : M + H2  MH2 Resulting Hydride compound Mg + H2  MgH2

Extraction process of Earth Alkaline Reduction Method – Reduction BeF2 by Mg

BeF2 + Mg  MgF2 + Be – Reduction CaO by Al

6CaO + 2Al  3Ca + Ca3Al2O6

Electrolysis Method – Electrolysis of BeCl2 molten

Cathode : Be2+ + 2e  Be Anode : 2Cl-  Cl2 + 2e

Application of Earth Alkaline Metal

Beryllium • When it combines with other metal, it will create stronger but lighter metal combination • 17 times better than aluminum for transmitting X ray • Fire flameless designed

Magnesium • Neutralizes the mouth acid and preventing from damaging teeth • Neutralizes the stomach acid • Giving the bright white beam in Fireworks • Layering the firebox

Calcium • Most important unsure for teeth and bones. Calcium was mostly found in the milk

Strontium • Tube glass production for the colored TV and computer

Barium • Giving the bright green color in fireworks • Examining the digestion system in our body

Radium • Radium is used to produce “bright in the dark” paint • Cancer therapy in medical science

HARD WATER

• The Meaning Of Hard Water • The Kinds Of Hard Water • The Advantages Of Hard Water • The Disadvantages Of Hard • The Way To Disappear The Hardness Water

HARD WATER >>> Water that contains many calsium ion (Ca2+) and magnesium ion (Mg2+), and also anion like Cl-, SO42-, HCO3- .

The Kinds Of Hard Water Hard Water Temporary Hardness

Permanent Hardness

The hardness that lose because the heating. It’s caused by hydrogen carbonat salts, like Ca(HCO3)2 and Mg(HCO3)2

The hardness that not lose with the heating of water. It’s caused by calsium salt and magnesium salt,like calsium sulfate (CaSO4) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)

The Advantages Of Hard Water The Advantages Provide calsium that need by the body, for the example to form bone and tooth Have the vlafor that more delicious than soft water Timbel compound (from water pipe) is harder to solute in hard water. Timbel is toxin for body

The Disadvantages Of Hard Water The Disadvantages Wastefull uses of soap Scum can leave the stain in the clothes Form the corral on kettle and water pipe / radiator pipe

The Way to Clear The Hardness METHOD

EXPLANATION

Distilation

It’s relative expensive

Boiling

Can disappear temporaray hardness. At high temperature, Ca(HCO3)2 will loose in order to ion Ca2+ will precipitate as CaCO3

Add natrium carbonate or washing soda Use soft water substance Use resin changer ion

Washing Soda (Na2CO3.10H2O) that added to hard water that contain of Ca(HCO3)2 can precipitate ion Ca2+ became CaCO3 Natrium Heksametafosfat / Na2[Na4(PO3)6] can use to change ion Ca2+ and Mg2+ become complecs ion that easy to solute in order to can’t join with stearat ion from the soap The function is to tie all of anion and cation in hard water. There are 2 kinds of resin : >Cation Resin Changer : contain negative group that tie H+ ion >Anion Resin Changer : contain positive group that tie OH+ ion

Uwis ah Kesel jee

Sing meh takon ngadeg !!!