A Practice And Reference Book With.docx

, A Practice and Reference Book with communicative activities carefully graded exercises clear grammar explanations revision units appendices A1 - A2

ACTIVE ENGLISH 1 Easy to use and comprehensive, Active English 1 is a discourse-based grammar book that gives students a true understanding of the English language and how it works. Active English 1 enables students at the pre-intermediate level to communicate with ease and clarity as they develop a natural sense of how, when, and why English speakers use grammatical structure as they do. Learning is made easy with clear chapter organization, concise charts and level appropriate explanations. Structures are presented with authentic examples and communicative exercises, so students experience and practise language as it occurs in real life. The units follow the same structure below: Reading Grammar Vocabulary

Reading Speaking Writing Self-Evaluation

CONTENTS UNIT 1 PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 6 Introducing and greeting people Nationalities; Numbers; Spelling Verb ‘to be’: am, is, are Subject Pronouns: he, she, it, we, you, they Imperatives ; ‘Wh-’ Questions UNIT 2 MY FAMILY

16

Describing family members Possessive Adjectives: my, your, her, his Possessive ‘s’; Articles: a, an, the This, That + is ... Plural form of nouns; These, Those + are ... Adjective + Noun Sentence Connector: with Have got; Has got One; Ones UNIT 3 PEOPLE and PLACES

28

Telling the time and the dates Days of the week; Months of the year Apostrophe ‘s’; Prepositions of time and place Ordinal Numbers; Wh- Questions Nouns: Countable, Uncountable There is; There are (+) (-) (?) a, an, some, any

UNIT 4 TRAFFIC 40 Understanding and following instructions Can; Can’t; expressing abilities and disabilities Imperatives: Do; Don’t Conjunctions (and; but; or) Directions; Let’s; making suggestions UNIT 5 DAILY ROUTINES 49 Simple Present Tense; Do, Don’t Object Pronouns: me, you, him, her, its, us, them Subject Pronouns: I, you, he, she, it ... Like; Dislike + ...ing; Talking about films REVISION 1 UNITS 1 -5

UNIT 6 LEISURE ACTIVITIES Simple Present Tense; Does, Doesn’t Spelling rules of verbs ending with ‘-s’ Adverbs of Frequency: never, ever, etc. Prepositions of Time and Place: in, on, at Pronouns Prepositional Verbs: keen on, afraid of, etc. UNIT 7 PLANS & INTENTIONS

75

Future Tense: ‘be going to’ Want to ...; Would like to ... Permission: Can; May; I’d like to Stating a Reason: Because; So ; Verb: get UNIT 8 DOS & DON’TS

86

Institutions; Offers and Requests; what about, how ab Obligations: have to, must, etc.

Suggestions: let’s, shall we; Warning: be allowed to UNIT 9 FEASTS 96 Present Continuous Tense (+) (-) (?) Simple Present Tense; Spelling rules of verbs ending with ‘-ing’ Adverbs of Time; now, everyday, etc. Non-action (stative) verbs; Verbs: Do; Make UNIT 10 REFRESHMENTS 107 a, an, some, any Quantities: How much; How many a little, a few, a lot of (lots) Request: Can; May; I want; I’d like Talking about food and drinks etc. REVISION 2

115

UNITS 6-10 UNIT 11 NOW & THEN

121

Past Simple (was; were); There was; There were ‘Wh-’ Questions Possessive Pronouns: mine, yours, his, etc. Pronouns; Used to; Adjectives Verb: get (getting + adjective)

UNIT 12 A DETECTIVE STORY

130

Simple Past Tense (regular & irregular verbs) Did; Before; After ‘Wh-’ Questions; ‘Yes-No’ Questions Detective Vocabulary UNIT 13 FAMOUS PEOPLE 143

Adjectives: Comparative & Superlative Forms Comparing adverbs and adjectives Comparing nouns and verbs Adverbs: adjective + ly; Describing People UNIT 14 HOPES for the FUTURE

155

Simple Future Tense: will, shall I’ll be ..., I’ll probably be ..., I think ... Adverbs of time: tomorrow, next week, soon Enough, too Somebody, anybody, nobody, somewhere ... Adjectives (noun + y); ‘Wh-’ Questions Profession names (noun, verb + -er, -or, -ist) Nouns: (verb + -ment, -ion, -ation, -ing) Revision of Tenses: Simple Future, Present Continuous UNIT 15 HEALTH & SPORTS

167

Had to, Didn’t have to; Could, Couldn’t If Clauses (Conditionals); If, When Verb: Keep; Phrases we use in a letter Health Vocabulary REVISION 3

177

UNITS 11-15 UNIT 16 PAST ACTIVITIES 183 Past Continuous Tense: was, were + -ing Sentence Connectors: When, While, As ‘Wh-’ Questions Adjectives: verb + -ing, -ed, -ant, -able ... Past Simple - Past Continuous UNIT 17 PEOPLE PROFILES 192 Relative Pronouns: Who, Which, Whose, That Order Rules of Adjectives Phrasal Verbs; Articles (a(n), the)

Prefix: ‘-un’: (-un + adjective, adverb)

UNIT 18 CLIMATE

201

Adverbs: Comparative & Superlative Forms Adjectives: Comparative & Superlative Forms Tag Questions: Did I?, Are you?, Isn’t it?, etc. Giving information about climate Verb: Get; Weather and Climate Vocabulary Phrases with: Around, Round UNIT 19 EXPERIENCES

212

Present Perfect Tense Past Participle form of the verb Time Expressions: Already, Just, Yet, Never Verb: Take Prepositions: down, up - off, on UNIT 20 SUPERSTITIONS

222

Giving opinion about beliefs and cultural differences; Superstition Vocabulary Sentence Connectors: In spite of, altough, etc. Prefixes: -dis, -re Adjectives: noun + -ful, -less UNIT 21 FASHION

232

Relative Pronouns: Who, Which, Whose, etc. Defining Relative Clauses Giving information about Present, Past Giving information about Future Articles: a(n), the Fashion, Clothes and Wearing Vocabulary

UNIT 22 PARTY 244 Present Continuous and Simple Present Tense with future meaning ‘Wh-’ Questions ;Tag Questions Expressing a possibility: May, Might Excuse expressions; phrasal verbs: Take, Have Word Family Table: making new words with ‘Prefixes and Suffixes’ REVISION 4

256

UNITS 16-22 IRREGULAR VERBS 263 PREFIXES & SUFFIXES NATIONALITIES

266

268

NUMBERS; MEASURES & UNITS 270 FAMILY

PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION READING Wang: Hi! I’m Wang. I’m from China. Nergiz: Hi! Wang. I’m Nergiz. I’m from Turkey. Wang: Nice to meet you, Nergiz.

272

Nergiz: Nice to meet you too,Wang. Wang, this is my friend, Ahmet. Ahmet: How are you Wang? Wang: Fine thanks and you, Ahmet? Ahmet: Fine thanks.What about your girl friend? What is her name? Wang: Oh! This is Mary. Ahmet: Hi! Nice to meet you, Mary. Nergiz: Hello! Nice to meet you, Mary. How old are you? Mary: I’m eighteen years old. And you? Nergiz: I’m nineteen.What’s your nationality? Mary: I’m Italian. I’m from Italy. Ahmet: Your English is very good. Are you a student? Mary: Yes, I am. I am a student at Istanbul University. A- Complete the dialogues and practise with your friends. LOOK OVER THE SPEAKING SECTION ON PAGE 14. Altan: Good ! Daniel: Good morning! Altan: I am Altan. What’s your name? Daniel: My name’s Daniel. Altan: Where are you from, Daniel? Daniel: I’m the USA, and you?

Altan: I’m Turkey. Daniel: This is my friend, Mary. She is from England. Mary: Hi, Altan. Pleased to

.

Altan:meet you. A:

me! What’s your name?

B: My name’s Bob. A:

spell it?

B: B - O - B A: Thank you. B: Not

.

Ayse:Tommy, this is my mum, Serap and my dad, Sedat. Tommy: How

?

Serap/Sedat: Glad to

.Tommy.

Rose: , Nancy. Nancy: Good afternoon, Rose. you? Rose: Not bad, thanks. And you? Nancy: F

,

.

Alice: Good night, mum. Mum: G

.Alice.

B- Choose the correct answers. A: How are you? B:

a. I’m fine, thank you. And you? b. Have a nice day A: How are you? B: a. Have a nice day.

b. Nice to meet you.

A: Hello!

B:

a. Hello!

b. Not bad, thanks.

A:What’s your phone number? B: a.Thank you very much. b. Hello, extension four two. c. Eight, six, double, four, two, five. A: Hello, I’m Rose. B: a. Pleased to meet you. b.What’s your name? A: How do you do? B: a. Glad to meet you.

b. Goodbye

A: How do you spell it? B: a. Not bad, thank you.

b. M-A-R-T-l-N

A: See you later. B: a. Good afternoon b. OK. See you, bye. A: What’s your home address? B: a. Double, one, two, four, five, six. 10- A: Is it Lu?

B:

a- No, sorry.b. Pleased to meet you. you are not / I. she is not / 1 _

b. Ay^enur Derici.

we are / we are not / I _ 10. they are not / 1

ELF EVALUATION

SPEAKING A- Make your own dialogues: Introducing, greeting, giving information about nationalities, addresses and telephone numbers. LOOK OVER THE DIALOGUES ON PAGE 6-7. Please Thank you / Thanks You're welcome Not at all Good morning! Good afternoon! Good evening! Good night! Have a nice day! Bye! / Goodbye! See you / See you later OK / Great

B- Write a paragraph about yourself by answering the questions. What is your name? How old are you? Where are you from? What is your nationality?

What is your father’s job? How old is he? What is your mother’s job? How old is she? What is your address? What is your telephone number? SELF-EVALUATION

SPEAKING A- Make your own dialogues: Asking for and telling the dates, asking for and telling the time, describing places. What time...?

have got an appointment have got a date the names of days, months, seasons: Monday, January, Spring etc. (Autumn=Fall) at / in / on

C- Make a list of your important days. When is your birthday? When is your parents’ wedding anniversary ? When is your brother’s or sister’s birthday? When is your best friend’s birthday? When is New Year’s holiday?

B- Is your house nice for you? WRITING A- Make a paragraph about your house by answering the questions.

Where I live...

Where is your house? How many rooms have you got? Is it a flat or a house with a garden? Has it got a big garden or a small one? Is the kitchen small or big? How many cupboards have you got in your bedroom? What is the living room like? What kind of decorations are there in your living room? Are there any pictures on the walls? B- Explain what is in your agenda this week.

SELF-EVALUATION CAN DO (tick S) I can say where things are. I can tell the time. I can name days, months and seasons.

e.g. 1. On Monday I’ve got a tennis match from 8:30 to 9:30. On Tuesday On Wednesday

On Thursday. On Friday. On Saturday. On Sunday

D- Fill in the blanks with ‘can/can’t’. You take photos in the museum, but you The light is green, you

cross the street.

She is very rich. She

buy a new car.

There is some fish in the fridge.We

use a flash.

g. stucjents wear jeans at school.

cook it. 9 you

zoo. You drink that water, it is very dirty. 1 Q you E- Write the things they ‘can’t do’ or ‘can do’. Can’t do

Can do

My father

play chess

My mother

cook verv well

Children

play computer games

We

answer the questions now

Si merman

lift a car

Ahmet

play an instrument

GUI’s

speak three foreign languages swim fast-

DDPS

fly

feed the anjma|s at the

A pilot 1

fly planes

ride a horse |

e.g My father can play chess. GUI’s grandmother Banu Dogs A pilot 10.1 F- Rewrite the sentences using ‘and / but / or’. Defne’s grandmother is very old. She can see. She can’t hear. Defne’s grandmother is very old. She can see but she can’t hear. Willy is a-three-years-old child. He can’t read. He can’t write. Willy is a-three-year-old child. He can’t read or he can’t write. Gaye is a sportive girl. She can swim. She can wind-surf. Gaye is a sportive girl. She can swim and she can wind-surf.

My father can play tennis. He can play football. My mother can play the piano. She can’t play the violin. L—’ ~

"

My sister is good at tennis. She isn’t good at basketball.

My brother can’t speak English. He can’t write English. . He’s an actor. He can’t sing. He can dance. . I can’t play tennis. I can’t play football. - Complete the dialogues with ‘Let’s...’, |g A: What’s that terrible noise? (have a look) B: Let’s have a look. . A: Ay$e is bored of studying English, (go to the park)

Pm a . I can play instruments. My grandmother is

. She can’t hear very well.

My sister is . She can play volleyball very well. It’s

today. We can’t play in the garden.

I’ve got

tickets.You and I can go to the cinema.

B- Circle the odd word. stop / wait / don’t / move / go stop / enter / go / drive red / green / yellow / pink driving licence / traffic police / ID card / traffic rules Don’t park / Don’t turn left / Don’t turn right / Turn left China / London / Beijing / New York

(STOP Look at the plan below and tell how to go to.

C- Match the words with their meanings. Stop Hurry up Terrible Crash Examine matter on the way alright phone

certainly

GRAMMAR E- Rewrite the sentences with an ‘Object Pronoun*. Subject Pronouns I you he she it | we you they Object Pronouns me f you I him her it us you them e.g. I can’t find my shoes. i can’t find them. like my friends. 7. The letters are for you and me. 3. Ask grandma what time it is.

9. This rose is for my mother. like my cat. F- Complete the sentences with a suitable ‘Object Pronoun’. don’t need this book. You can have _ don’t like these T-shirts.You can wear I don’t go to parties. I don’t like This letter isn’t for me. It’s for want the newspaper. Please give it to likeAy^e’s mother but I don’t like

father.

_ _ live inAydin but their daughter lives in Antalya. like volleyball. It’s my favourite sport. A: Where are my trousers? Bt

’re in your cupboard.

A: Who’s this boy in the picture? B;

*s my little brother.

We want to go to the cinema this Saturday. Can you join Ali, I need to see Sir, can

help you?

Can you help — with my hair, please? It has got four kittens

kittens are in the box.

Fill in the blanks with a suitable word.

A TEXAS TRADITION: ‘TEN GALLON HAT’ Ten gallon hats are popular inTexas.They are cowboy hats. A ten gallon hat is very big. It has got a wide brim.Texas has got strong cowboy traditions. People in this state of the USA are proud of these traditions.That’s why they like their ten gallon hats.

ride / Japanese / Mexico / like / Scotland women wear. Kilt is a kind of skirt Scotsmen wear in Cowboys

horses and wear cowboy hats.

PEAKING Do you like horror films? Why? Make your own dialogues: Expressing likes and dislikes.

What is a ten-gallon hat like? What do people like in Texas? 12. Why do people need to wear sombreros in Mexico? B- Write true (T) or false (F). Ten gallon hats are popular in Texas. ( Both a ten-gallon hat and sombrero have got wide brims ( These hats protect people from the sun Texas is a city in England

(

(

Texas has got strong cowboy traditions

(

Sombreros protect Mexican people from rain

(

Mexico is a very sunny country(

RUING rite paragraphs about yourself and your daily life by answering the questions. 1. What’s your name? . How old are you? . Are you tall or short? Are you slim or plump? What colour eyes have you got?

What is your hair like? How many rooms are there in your flat? Is there a balcony? Is there a garden around the building?

LEISURE ACTIVITIES

20- Fill in the blanks with a suitable preposition ‘in/on/at’. My birthday is the 12th of April. have breakfast with my family the morning. Do you eat lunch noon? We usually go fishing Sunday afternoon. Is there a stamp the envelope? My sister is usually

home 6 p.m.

Don’t sit the grass. It is forbidden. There is a party June. We turn off the TV midnight.

It is summer January and it is winter July New Zealand.

EADING ill: You really look fit, Paul. Do you exercise regularly? aul: I always get up very early, and I lift weights for an hour. ill: You’re kidding! aul: No.Then I often go jogging. ill: Wow! How often do you exercise like that? •aul: About five times a week. Sometimes my sister comes with me. till: Really? Does she like sports, too? •aul: Yes, she does. She’s a real fitness freak. What about you, Bill? (ill: Oh, I rarely exercise. I usually just watch TV in my free time. I guess, Pm a real couch potato!

Complete the dialogues and practise with your friends. |oOK OVER THE SPEAKING SECTION ON PAGE 73.

I A: Do you go to a fitness centre? B: Yes, I go every day.

A: Every day? How long do you stay there? 1 B: Well,

10:00 a.m. 16:00 p.m.

A: You’re k ! B: No, I’m cabout fitness. A: I think you are a f A: Let’s

.

basketball.

B: No, I can’t. I’m r

tired today.

A: What’s a couch p

?

B: A couch potato is my husband. A: What? B: Yes, dear. He gets up late, he doesn’t walk. He stays at home all day and watches TV. A: I

A: Well, what is your opinion the new student? B:

me, he looks very sensitive and

intelligent. A: Where do

work?

B: I run a music shop. A: Amazing! What k listen to these days? B: Rock’n roll I g .

of music do people

stand a man like him.

A: I’m sorry I’m late. I missed the train. B: N mind! And I missed the bus.We are here at the same time. A: He talks a lot about his sport activities. B: All all he does rafting.

A: Do you always go home before the kids? B: Yes, I try to get before them. ■A: Why? B: Because they eat j

f°°d *f * ^on t

Lome home in time.

A: Let’s visit our new neighbour. B: OK! Great idea. I guess he feels I. A: Yes, he feels lonely.

GRAMMAR A- Fill in the blanks with a suitable verb given below. read / say / sing / ride / visit / rain She

her bike to school every morning.

She usually

Our parrot only B- Learn and Practise the Spelling rules of verbs ending with -s. verbs ending with -x/s/ss/ch/sh/o + ^es verbs ending with -y ies verbs ending with -ay/ey/oy/uy -> ^s Put these ‘verbs’ in the correct box with their correct spellings when we add pass / wash / watch / fix / go / study / try / buy / play / teach / brush / rise / reply / fly / laugh / put / push /do / boil / tidy / get / surf / stay / reach / begin / start / finish C- Rewrite these simple present sentences in ‘negative form’ g. She likes comedy films. She doesn’t like comedy films. Dad rests in the living room after dinner. Kemal stays in bed until I 1:00 o’clock.

|g. She likes milk in her coffee. Does she like milk in her coffee? She speaks French. T; His cat catches mice. E- Write their likes and dislikes: | 1 SUBJECT LIKES TOM

DISLIKES

1

••

4>A

I BETH 4

# r-r CCS *

WE V

w

THEY

reading poems

reading texts

SHE horror films war films

Answer the questions in ‘short form’. |. Does she like milk in her coffee? (-) Does he like oranges?(+) No, she doesn’t. Yes, he does. Does she speak French? (-) oes his cat catch mice? (+) Does my brother want to come with us? (-) poes Sandra work in a bookshop? (+)

READING A DAY AT WORK Mike Crawford is a guide. He lives and works in Vancouver, Canada. He is married and has got two children. He spends all his time in the city and the surroundings. He usually takes tourists from the airport and shows them the city. He first takes them to historical places and shows them the Steam Clock. Then he takes them to fashionable Robson Street He always takes the tourists to Stanley Park.There are many totem poles and an aquarium in this park. Sometimes he takes the tourists to Vancouver Island by ferry boat.Vancouver Island is famous for Butchart Gardens. Mike likes his job and finds it very interesting. He meets a lot of people all over the world and he is always happy to show them around.

EAKING Make your own dialogues: Describing 3bits, daily routines. - Discuss these questions with your assmates. 'hat is your favourite subject at school? Why? 'hat do you like doing after school? 'hat kind of activities do you like? RUING

B- Complete the sentences of the future ‘be going to1 in ‘negative form’. e.g. I am not going to study physics. Pm going to study medicine.

C- Circle the odd word.

D- Match the words to their definitions. visiting the important buildings, historical places having the ability of doing something well very happy of something someone who is enthusiastic about a film star, singer, film, etc. interested in

E- Choose the synonyms of the underlined words.

)ear Grandma and Grandpa, Ve got good news for you. I’m going to visit you in my summer holiday. I’m going to travel by bus I’m ng to leave Istanbul in the morning and arrive in Ka? in the evening. I’m going to leave next month ope you are going to meet me at the station. Well, that's all for now. Hope to see you soon. love, Leyla |^- Write ‘False’ (F) or ‘True’ (T). . Leyla has got bad news for her grandparents.

(

. Leyla is going to visit her aunt for her summer holiday. ( . She’s going to visit her grandparents. ( . Leyla’s grandparents live in Kastamonu. ( . They live in Ka$. ( , She’s going to travel by train. ( Leyla is going to leave Istanbul in the morning.

(

She is going to arrive in Kas in the morning, too. ( She’s going to arrive in Ka$ in the evening. ( Leyla is going to Kas now.

(

She’s going to see her grandparents next month. ( Her grandparents are going to meet her.

(

Answer the questions. 1. Where is Leyla going to spend her summer holiday?

IIT 8 SPEAKING A- Make your own dialogues: Expressing obligations, making suggestions, Complete the sentences with mustn t or can V. Use the prompts: accepting and refusing suggestions.

WRITING Imagine you are a new student at university and you stay in a dormit because your house is far away. What are the dormitory rules and regulations?

READING Tina: Kim, what are you doing? Kim: I’m doing a crossword.What about you? Are you doing your homework? Tina: No, I’m not doing my homework. I’m just reading. Kim: What are you reading these days? Tina: I’m reading a book about Ottoman History at the moment. Kim: Are you enjoying it? Tina: Oh, yes. It’s fantastic. Do you want to read it? Kim: Not now. I’m taking exams this week. Tina: Good luck! Complete the dialogues and practise with your friends. LOOK OVER THE SPEAKING SECTION ON PAGE 105. A: When do you have family parties? B: Well, we usually c

all our family members’ birthdays.

A: Don’t you have any feasts in your country? B: Of course we have.We have two very important religious A: What’s going on?

B: We are doing p A: Oh, how nice! A: Whose w B: Serna and Sami are getting married.They’re having a ceremony at the Grand Hall. A: When is your b ? B: November 31st. A: Do you know November 3 Ist is Halloween in my country? B: No, I don’t.What is ‘Halloween’? A: People believe you can see ghosts and witches this night. B: How do you celebrate it? A: Children wear strange c

and knock on their neighbours’ door. And the

neighbours gi' children some candy or money. B: Do you really see ghosts and witches that night? A: Of course not, it’s only a tradition. A: Who is your sister getting B: She’s getting married to her school friend Andrew.

A: Hi! What are you

-

B: Hi! I’m making some drinks. It’s Gary’s birthday today. We’re making him a s A: Oh, really? Are you having a party tonight? B: Yes, we are.

weekend parties with your grandparents? iter left. and wish for health, wealth and happiness.

use ^resent Continuous’ to describe an action happening now. ) subject + am / is / are + verb + ing + object The birds My sister is at a party now.She (enjoy) it. Peter (draw) a funny cartoon. (eat) in the park. 9. My parents (make) a cake for my birthday.

UNIT E,T 9 Complete the sentences in ‘Present Continuous’ or ‘Simple Present Tens^_ choose the right verb.

The ‘Present Continuous Tense* is used to talk about something which is happening now. The ‘Simple Present Tense’ is used to talk about something which always or usually happens.

°

■ I 1. Snow melts / is melting in spring.

I usually am doing / do my homework after dinner. We are studying / study the simple present and present continuous tense today. ADVER

BSOFTIME

Present Continuous

Simple Present

1

now every day / every week / every month just now right now

every year / every morning / every afternoon everv evening / every night 1 in the morning(s

at the moment

in the afternoon(s) / in the evenmg(s) / at night

at this time _

on Monday. Friday, etc./often / usually / always

these days

sometimes / never / often / seldom, etc. ■

this year / month / week / etc. _

magazines, but now she tennis, but she the piano, but now she’s at home, but today he to the movies, but he

a novel.

_ volleyball now. the guitar. out with his friends. to the theatre now.

VOCABULARY A- Complete the sentences with a suitable verb ‘make1 or ‘do’ in the correct form.

Answer the questions. &re they having dinner or lunch? ■What is the name of the restaurant? o they often go to this restaurant? hat does Sue usually have for dessert? she having apple pie tonight? fe Harry ordering the same meal as usual? - Fill in the blanks. Talways has with his meal but today he may order something . Sue doesn't want r1

tonight.They both are

something different.

H- Fill in the blanks with ‘can’ or ‘may’. We use ‘can’ or ‘may* for requests. ‘May’ is more polite than ‘Can*. Can + I + verb + object? (informal) May + I + verb + object? (formal)

A:

I help you, Sir?

B: Yes, please. I need a piece of paper. A:

I

come in?

B: Of course, you can. A:

I

help you?

B: Thank you. I need help to carry this bag. A:

I

have your pen?

B: Yes, here you are. A:

I help you with the washing up?

B: Oh, thanks a lot. I- Make sentences with ‘Would you like..?’ and ‘Do you want...?’. We use ‘Would you like....?’ to make polite offers. Would you like ...? = Do you want... e.g. You are chewing some chewing gum and a friend is near you. Do you want some chewing gum? / Would you like some chewing gum? 1. You are eating a piece of cake and your sister is watching you.

Organize the words according to the following categories. >RDS: milk, oil, flour, cinnamon, pepper, curry powder, vanillin, apple, banana, peach, pear, lamb, chicken, carrot, meatball, fish, bread, cheese, lettuce, aubergine, beans, broccoli, pasta, butter, beef | Fruit |_Carbohydrates

ijsmnm

Fats Proteins

Spices

WRITING Which vegetables, fruit, carbohydrates, proteins, spices do you especially like? Which do you hate? Answer these questions filling in the box. e.g. I like vegetables because they are good for our health. I don’t like vegetables because they taste horrible. I especially like

because

I hate because I

fruit because

I

carbohydrates because

I

fats because

I

proteins because

I

spices because

Complete the sentences with ‘Simple Present Form’ of the verb. e.g. We like (like) sushi. (love) fresh fruit. Jim

(have) a shower every morning.

They (use) a lot of sugar in the cake. 6. The concert

Complete the sentences with form ‘like + -ing\ play / have / write / collect / watch / dance

at the Shakespeare School.This my son. His name Paul. He

a

university

student. My daughter and my son |

very good at their schools.

keen on cycling. It my favourite pastime. My wife, Christina

keen

on reading. She very good at languages. I a doctor and we

a happy family. Our

children Mary and Paul not keen on cyding.They keen on playing tennis. Their mothefi Christina

not keen on playing tennis or cycling. She

‘

1

"" lf

B- Complete the sentences with a suitable adjective: I alone / punctual / patient / skinny / contemporary / intellectual / shy / ancient / curious / stressful She’s a

girl. She never talks loudly.

She’s interested in history. The girl was

like a skeleton.

You always put your nose into other people’s business. Are you always She was

before the exam.

Mrs. Nelson is a

person, she never gets angry.

My grandfather is an He is a

person. He always reads.

person. He is never late.

Are you going to Italy

or with your friend?

My grandmother is a

woman. She always follows the trend.

C- Fill in the blanks with a suitable expression using ‘get’. ‘Get* is so common with certain some words which is easy to learn them as expressions. v

- It’s / I’m getting + adjective

B: Yes, it is. I’m going to turn on the heating. A: B: OK, let’s have something to eat then. A: B: Yes, me too. Let’s open the window. A: B :Yes, I’m going to turn the lights on. A: B: No, you aren’t.You’re getting better.You understand more now. D- Match the words with their opposites. 1. old X 2. contemporary

X

3. uninterested

X

4. punctual X

5. die X

E- Make meaningful sentences by matching phrases ‘A to B and C. A A painter A writer A footballer A traveller A singer READING WHERE WERE YOU? In a small town in southeast England somebody is drawing graffiti on buildings. Detective Johnson is interviewing a suspect D:Where were you at 9 a.m. in the morning? X: I was at the supermarket. D: Where were you at a quarter past nine? X: I was in the car park in front of the supermarket. D: Where were you at 10 o’clock? X: I was at the hairdresser’s. It’s next to the supermarket. D:Were you at the hairdresser’s at half past ten? X: No, I wasn’t D:Where were you then?

X: I was at the post office. D:Were you there at a quarter to eleven? X:Yes, I was. D:Were you there at I I ? X: No, I wasn’t. I was at home then. D:Where is your home? X: It’s next to the hairdresser’s. What do you think? Is she telling the truth? A- Write ‘True’ (T) or ‘False’ (F). 1 • Johnson is a detective. The suspect was at the

(

)

supermarket 10 o’clock. (

)

3- The suspect was at the hairdresser’s at 10 o’clock.

(

)

The suspect was at the

(

)

post office at half past ten.

5- The hairdresser’s is next to the supermarket.

(

)

Complete the dialogues and practise with your friends. LOOK OVER SPEAKING SECTION ON PAGE 141. Tony: I stayed at home Monday. I didn’t go to school. Rob: Some people are really lucky! What

you do?

Tony: Oh, I watched television, I read some magazines, I played computer games.

Rob: I can’t b

it!

Tony: It’s true. And I also stayed in bed. Rob: I get it now.You

ill.

Tony: A bit. I had a sore throat. A: Who does Mrs.Tracy live with? B: She lives her son. A: What do you know about him? B: He’s a s young man. He cares about his mother’s feelings.

10. A: Do you like reading before falling asleep? B: No, I

because I fall asleep early when I read something. And that makes

me angry. A: Hmm. B: Because I can never finish reading what I start. GRAMMAR A- Write the Past Simple Forms of the Verbs. -We use ‘Simple Past Tense* to describe something that happened at a particular time in the past. We know when it happened. -We add ‘-ed* to the end of the verb in positive form. -When there is ‘did/didn*t* in the sentence we do not add ‘-ed* to the verb. -Verbs ending with ‘-ed* are regular verbs and are called Verb2 . -There are many verbs which we do not add ‘-ed* which are called ‘irregular verbs*.

Spelling rules of adding ‘-ed’: - Normally, we add

-ed* after regular verbs:

play - played -When regular verbs end in *-e\ we add only ‘-d’: like - liked -When they end in the consonant *y\ we take off the ‘y* and add ‘-led*: study studied -When ending with one vowel between two consonants, we double the last consonant and add ‘-ed’ stop - stopped say pay drive find speak make read cost sing sell of the verbs using the ‘Simple Past e.g. I went (go) to school yesterday. 1. Mary

(come) to see me at the weekend.

2. My son

(break) the neighbour’s window yesterday.

3. The bus (arrive) in time. 4. My mum (cook) beans last night. 5. Her boyfriend (bring) her some flowers last Saturday. 6.1

(keep) all the old photographs.

7. We (eat) pizza last night. 8. They

(come) very late last night because they

9. All the students (get) high marks from the last exam. 10. It (rain) last night.

C- Rewrite the sentences in ‘The Simple Past Tense’. g. He picks up his children from school every day. He picked up his children from school yesterday The detective asks a lot of questions. I usually travel by bus. She goes to Ankara every month. They spend their holiday in Bodrum every summer. Mum washes the curtains four times a year. D- Rewrite the sentences in ‘question form’ and then in ‘negative form’. g. They opened the boxes yesterday. (?) Did they open the boxes yesterday?

(-) They didn’t open the boxes yesterday. They studied the new chapter in class this morning. P): (-): They came to the cinema with us. (?): (-):

:

We knew the answer. (?): (-): He went to his relatives for New Year. (?): (-): She had a lot of toys to play with with her friends. (0: (-): E- Ask and answer the questions in ‘short form’. g. he / go / to the cinema (-) Did he go to the cinema? No, he didn’t. you / play / tennis (-) she / talk / to an English tourist (+)

Did the police catch the .

They arrested him for the supermarket They are

last week.

him for stealing an old women’s handbag.

They say he is

of killing Mr.Tex.

The was lying on the floor in blood. Last week the police finally had a To kill someone is a

for the murder.

.

When you drive above the speed limit or when you park illegally you C- Match the definitions with their correct words and fill in the blanks. investigate(v) / inspector (n) /catch (v) /eye-witness (n) / innocent (adj) /chase (v) / guilty (adj) gunshot (n) / search (v) / criminal (n) / report (v) /pursue (v) /question (v) / fingerprint (n) /sirens (n)

confused (adj) : to disappear (v) true (adj)

:

truth (n)

:

to believe (v)

:

:

to realise (v): to miss (v) : 2.

1..

D- Look up these words in a dictionary and use them in a sentence. sensitive (adj)

:

anxious (adj)

:

furious (adj) : addict (n)

:

conflict (n) :

He answers the questions very . She finished her first call and dialled a new number

.

3*

she is living with them.

4-

I had no time to visit him at the hospital this evening.

B: I’m singing. A: Who do you think you B: I am one of the Spice Girls. A: How was the film you saw last night? B: It was the

interesting film I have

A: Did you meet Mr. Kyle’s son? B: Yes, I

. He’s more friendly

GRAMMAR We use comparative form of adjectives to compare two things, people, etc.. We add ‘-er* to short adjectives. We use ‘more + adjective* with long adjectives (2-3 and more syllables). We use ‘than’ to make comparison: e.g. My house is smaller than yours. / My house is more expensive than yours.

We use the + superlative form + of / in to compare one person or thing with more than one person or thing in the same group. We use of / in only for places: We add ‘-est* to short adjectives. We use ‘most + adjective* with long adjectives. (2-3 and more syllables). We use ‘the*. e.g. Jenny is the tallest girl in her class. / He’s got the most expensive car in the town.

B- Complete the sentences using the ‘Comparative Form’ of the adjectives. g. The maths test was not easy.The grammar test was easie; Their daughter is not kind. Our daughter is Your grandma is not so old. Helen’s grandma is Your books are not heavy. My books are Yesterday the weather wasn’t good.Today it’s The brown coat is not nice.The black one is Mike’s ideas are not very interesting.Yours are Andy’s car isn’t very fast. He wants a This sofa is not very comfortable. Do you have a It isn’t very warm today. Yesterday it was

Ankara isn’t very beautiful. Istanbul is C- Complete the sentences with ‘Comparative Form of the adjective given + than’. e.g. I’m 14 years old. My sister is 20 years old. (young) I’m younger than my sister. Behzat’s bike costs 500TL. Ali’s bike costs 350TL. (expensive) Behzat’s bike is My grandma is 70 years old. Lale’s grandma is 80 years old. (old) Lale’s grandma is My bag weighs 50 kilos. My parents’ bag weighs 90 kilos, (heavy) My parents’ bag is Verda is a very good dancer. Her boyfriend is not very good, (good) Verda is a Yesterday the temperature was 10 degrees.Today it is 15 degrees, (cold) Yesterday it was Alice starts work at 8 o’clock. Ted starts work at 9 o’clock, (early) Alice starts work My mum is very patient. My dad isn’t very patient. My mum is My son is very intelligent. My daughter isn’t very intelligent. My son is I speak French very well. My wife speaks French but not very well. I speak French

The weather was very bad yesterday. Today it’s a bit better. The weather was D- Complete the sentences using the ‘Superlative Form of the adjectives used in the first sentence’.

F- Complete with ‘Comparative or Superlative’ form of adjectives. e.g. Who is the tallest (tall) girl in your class? History is This jewellery shop is Steve is Kathy is Are lions August is What is This book is Which do you like Nothing is

e.g. Roses are very nice flowers.They are the nicest flowers of all. Audrey is very popular. She’s student in our school.

This book is very interesting. It’s

book of all.

The geography test was very easy. It was Asia is very large. It’s

of all.

continent in the world.

Mrs. Gilmore is a very good teacher. She’s ~ teacher of all. It was very cold yesterday. It was The market was very cheap. It was

day of the year. of all.

It was a very happy birthday. It was birthday of my life. It was a very bad film. It was film of the year. That’s a boring book. It’s

book in my library.

E- Complete the sentences. Use the ‘Superlative Form’ of the adjectives. river - animal - city - mountain - university - lake e.g. Sydney is the largest city in Australia. Everest is The Missouri River is The cheetah is Adana is Istanbul University is istanbul is Erzurum is Mt.Agri is Lake Van is The river Kizilirmak is

G- Rewrite the sentences using ‘less’ or ‘more’ without changing the meaning. e.g. My book is more interesting than yours. Maths is less difficult than geometry. Your book is less interesting than mine. Geometry is more difficult than maths. Madonna is more popular than Sertab Erener. am more forgetful than you. istanbul is less crowded than Calcutta. Mt. Everest is more dangerous than Mt.Agri. English is less difficult than Japanese. Judy Foster is less beautiful than Sandra Bullock. Ethiopia is less modern than England. A laptop is more expensive than a DVD player. A giraffe is less dangerous than a leopard. Football is more important for Turks than baseball. H- Answer the questions: e.g. Which city is bigger, Paris or New York? New York is bigger than Paris. Which animal is heavier, an elephant or a lion? Which one is faster, a car or a train?

K- Make sentences using ‘the same ... as . e.g Andy is 21. Linda is 21. (age)

Andy is the same age as Linda. / Linda is the same age as Andy. My father is 45. My mother is 45. (age) M- Choose an adjective from the box, change it into adverb and then complete the sentences. hard / slow / quiet / happy / bad / early / perfect / late e.g. John speaks English perfectly. Mary studied very for the test. Talk please! The baby is sleeping’. Ben always gets up very because he starts work at 7:30 a.m.. ‘Please drive more . I feel sick’ The children

agreed to go to the cinema with their auntThey love films!

Susan went home and her parents didn’t like it. They lost the match because they played N- Choose the correct word (adjective or adverb) to complete the sentences correctly. Jack drives very

.

(careful / carefully)

Ann worked very .

(hard / hardly)

Jim can run very .

(fast / fastly)

It’s raining .

(heavy / heavily)

Susan got up .

.

*

(lately / late)

My grandmother is walking

(slow / slowly)

This exercise is very

(easy / easily)

.

Rabbits can run very Ayla is playing You look

.

(quick / quickly)

with her dolls.

(happy / happily)

today. (unhappy / unhappily)

She speaks German

.

speak English

(bad / badly)

.

want to go to bed. I am very Seren is a

student

She speaks English

(well / good)

(tired / tiredly)

(brilliant / brilliantly) .

(perfect / perfectly)

VOCABULARY We make ‘adverbs’ from ‘adjectives’; and We make ‘nouns’ from ‘verbs’. A- Underline adjectives and adverbs. He’s a terrible singer. He sings terribly. She’s a bad dancer. She dances badly. He’s a fast player. He plays fast. Mike Tyson is a good boxer. He boxes well.

B- Underline the nouns and verbs. He’s a terrible singer. He sings terribly. She’s a bad dancer. She dances badly. He’s a fast player. He plays fast. Mike Tyson is a good boxer. He boxes well. C- What is the difference between ‘advice’ and ‘advise’?

Look these words up in your own dictionary. Notice that the one with£ is a noun and the other one with V is a verb.There are many words like this in English. For example:‘practice’ and ‘practise’. advice (n)

:

advise (v)

:

practice (n) : practise (v) : D- Fill in the blanks with ‘advice / advise / practice / practise’. You have to a lot to be a good player. There are many grammar

exercises in this book.

these exercises with your friends. He’s got basketball

tonight.

E- Circle the correct synonym for the underlined words. a. discussing a. sad He’s a wealthy man. a. poor I found the book uninteresting . a. interesting The weather was dreadful. a. terrible What would you recommend?

a. advise It was a complicated situation. a. clear 10. He’s very optimistic, a. hopeful movies were Top Gun, Rain Man, and Mission Impossible. People say he works very always tries to be a

actor. Cruise

movies. Some of them are

in many movies. Many of them are

Others are He also

his own film company.

READING NINE ELEVEN Tuesday, September I 1,2001 was one of the most tragic days in the history of the USA. A few minutes before nine in the morning, terrorists attacked the most famous skyscraper in New York City - the World Trade Centre. Its twin towers, the highest in New York, were the symbol of the city for almost thirty years. A hijacked passenger plane hit one of the towers and set it on fire. A few minutes later another plane damaged the other tower. Soon, both towers collapsed. People all over the world think it was the most shocking and the most destructive act of terrorism in the history of the world. A- Write ‘True’ (T) or ‘False’ (F). 1.9/1 I happened in 2001.

(

)

It was one of the most tragic days in the history of the It happened in the evening.

(

)

Terrorists attacked the World Trade Centre. (

)

USA. (

)

The twin towers were the highest buildings in the world. (

)

C- Find the synonyms of the words. damage (v): collapse (v): shocking (adj): destructive (adj): D- Change the words with their synonyms. Make sure it gives the same meaning. A few minutes later another plane damaged the other tower. A few minutes later another plane

the other tower.

Soon, both towers collapsed. Soon, both towers . People all over the world think it was the most shocking and the most destructive act of terrorism in the history of the world. People all over the world think it was the most

and the most

terrorism in the history of the world. SPEAKING A- Make your own dialogues: Comparing and describing people, expressing cultural differences. B- Make comparisons and superlatives with your classmates. 1 52 Unit13

act

of

A: Did you enjoy your weekend in the lake? B: It too cold for me to swim. A: Was it colder t last week? B: Oh yes, I think it was one of the c days of the month. A: At least you had fun with your friends. B: Mike’s cousin is

rudest kid I have ever seen.

A: OK. Drink your coffee and relax. B: I can’t drink it! It isn’t hot e A: What will the weather be like tomorrow? B: Here is the w_ forecast for tomorrow. It will be rainy with occasional winds blowing from the North. A: Oh, it w be cold then. B: Yes, freezing c. It will be -10° C. A: What will people do to protect the e B: I don’t know. Perhaps they will use electric cars. A: What do you think about the pollution p m of the world? B: Well, I think the only problem is to find a new system. GRAMMAR We use ‘Simple Future Tense* for: prediction: to describe something that we think will happen in the future.

promises: to promise something. We use ‘will* with all the persons. We use ‘shall I/shall we...?’ for offers and suggestions Full Form: (+):

Subject + will + verb I + object

I / you / he / she / it / we / they + will + verb I +object (-):

I / you / he / she / it / we / they + will not + verb I +....

(?):

Will + subject + verb I + object?

Short Form: I’ll / you’ll / he’ll / she'll / it’ll / we’ll / they’ll + verb I I / you / he / she / It / We / They + won’t + verb I... Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / they + will. No, I / you / he / she / it / we / they + won’t. Time Expressions: tomorrow / next week / next month / next year, etc. he day after tomorrow / tonight / soon / later / in an hour / in a week / in a year, etc.

A- Answer the following questions in ‘full’ and then in ‘short form’. e.g. Will you get married one day? Yes. I wit! get married one day. / Yes, I will. Will you have many children? Will you be a teacher when you grow up? Will you and your children have any pets?

Will your father tell you to go to bed when you are older? Will you be in Turkey after school? B- Write the verb in brackets in the ‘future simple tense9. e.g. Don’t take an umbrella with you. It won't rail (rain). She doesn’t study hard. She

(pass) the exam.

John is hungry. He (get) something to eat. My mum is tired. She

(do) the shopping today.

There is a lot of traffic. I’m afraid we (be) late. Jerry is ill. He

(come) with us.

Margaret is sleepy. She (go) to bed early. They finished their homework.They (play) basketball. Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You

(sleep).

It’s Helen’s birthday next Friday. She (be) 26. I’m sorry I was late this morning. It (happen) again. C- Write sentences using ‘I’ll be / I’ll probably be / I think / I don’t think’. e.g. I'll probably be at the seaside at 11 o’clock in the morning. there in half an hour. in bed at midnight tonight Helen will pass the exam. She’s studying hard. she will like her present he will pass the exam. He was absent at many lessons. D- Choose the correct ‘time expression’ to fill in the sentences.

I’ll see you tomorrow / yesterday. She visited her uncle now / last week. Joseph will come to London yesterday / tomorrow. Frank is having lunch now / last night. She did the washing up tomorrow / yesterday afternoon. Will you remember to pay the bill at the moment / tomorrow? This machine isn’t working. It broke down last week / next week. We will play together yesterday / tomorrow. I’ll see you soon / last week. Call me this afternoon / last night. E- Write questions for the bold words. e.g. What will you have for breakfast? I’ll have some milk and a sandwich. to the park with? George and Susan will come with me. at the shop? I’ll buy the blue scarf. his maths class? George will have his maths class at 8:00 o’clock. to clean your room? It will take me half an hour. him? I’ll meet him outside the theatre.

REVISION OF TENSES future simple / be going to .../ present continuous (future meaning) We use future simple: for things that will happen in the future, but they are not certain for things that will happen in the future, but are not under our control or decision after verbs like:

hope, think, believe, expect

after expressions like:

I’m sure .... I’m afraid ...

after adverbs like: probably, perhaps for predictions We use be going to: to describe something that somebody plans to do to make predictions about things that are going to happen certainly (usually because there is evidence to show this) We use present continuous (future meaning): - to talk about fixed arrangements in the future.

F- Complete the sentences with ‘future simple / be going to ... or present continuous9. A My whole family is going / will go to Mexico tomorrow. Who is cleaning / will clean the room after the party? Tom is tired. Perhaps Sandra is helping / will help him with his homework tonight.

The film is beginning / begins at 7, so don’t be late! What is Lilly doing tonight? Is she staying / Will she stay at home? B We are going to buy a new pet . last year

b. the day before yesterday c. tomorrow

The children are going to see a film at the cinema . yesterday

b.

a day ago

Vera is going to Argentina last month b.

c. tomorrow evening .

since Tuesday

c. next summer

Are you singing in the show

?

tonight

c. during

b.

last week

I will finish university, and I won’t have to study anymore! Before

b.

In two years’ time c. Until tomorrow

C The park near my house _

(be) very nice. Right now, there

_

(be) a celebration. People

(walk) around, and the children (eat) ice-cream. A band

VOCABULARY A- Complete the table making ‘adjectives’ from the nouns given in the box.

C- Complete the table by making ‘nouns’ from the verbs given. We make‘nouns* from verbs by adding the suffixes ‘-ment / -ion / -ation / -ing* after ‘verbs’.

quite cold very misty

full of clouds water which is frozen extremely cold; covered with ice water falling in separate drops from the clouds a feeling of coldness having a lot of rain a strongly moving current of air to rain heavily with a lot of wind a white or grey mess of very small drops of water floating in the sky very thick mist which makes it difficult to see

C- Fill in the blanks with a suitable word. They are

about our world.

They are

of global warming and its negative effects on the world.

Most families will have to help with the housework. Brazil will be a new Some people make very predictions like. SPEAKING READING

WHAT WILL THE WORLD BE LIKE IN THE FUTURE? Nobody can tell exactly; but people like to make predictions about the future. A lot of people believe that life will be worse. They are worried about our world. They are afraid of global warming and its negative effects on the world. Besides, some people believe that the world will be a better place and will solve the problems of global warming and pollution. They say that our lives will be better because of new technology. And some people make very extreme predictions like; there will be a catastrophic nuclear accident Canada and the USA will be one country. Most families will have robots to help with the housework. Brazil will be a new super power.

Some of these opinions may be true and some may not. But I believe things will be different from what they are today. A- Write ‘True’ (T) or ‘False’ (F). Nobody knows exactly what will happen in the future.

(

People like to make predictions about the future. (

)

Everyone on earth believe that life will be worse. (

)

New technology will make our lives better. (

)

)

All the predictions about the future will come true.

(

)

A- What will your life be like after you finish school? B- Make your own dialogues: Making predictions and promises for the future. Everyday Life Phrases I promise I won't.... perhaps/probably/maybe You can count on me./ Can Icount on you? Will...?/When will...?/Where will ?/What will...? enough/too somebody/anybody/nobody/everybody/ something,etc., solution/problem environment

weather/forecast happen/happens/happened in the future 1 64 Unit 14

*—

E- Complete the sentences with ‘Could I / Would you like’. e.g. I want to have a glass of water.

Could I have a glass of water please?

I want a ticket to London. Have a piece of cake, Peter? Give me the Asterix book. Do you want sugar in your milk? Do you want a double or a single room?

. an interesting film, to New York. happy if I (forget) this letter now, I (receive) _ if he (not / arrive) you (fail) down.

cold drinks.

F- Write sentences in ‘If Clause Type O’. Use the prompts. We use ‘If Clauses (Conditionals)* in three types. In this lesson we are going to study two of them. Type 0 : It is also called the ‘Zero Conditional*. We use zero condition to express facts that are always true and never change. Type I: It is also called the ‘Real Conditional* because it is used to express a real possibility in the future. We make it in three ways: We use ‘will* in the main clause to show our strong expectation. We use ‘can / may / might* in the main clause to show that something is possible, but we aren’t sure about what will happen. We use ‘imperatives* in the main clause. e.g. feel sad / watch a comedy film

If I feel sad, I watch a comedy film.

take a pill / feel ill Mum heat ice / melt

we

, it

mind / open the window

you

hungry / get nervous

she

I

need a knife / want to cut a slice of meat You G- Complete the sentences using ‘If clause Type 1’. e.g. you don’t hurry / you be late she tells a lie /1 know it

If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.

you pass the exam / get a driving license you divide 12 by 4 / you get 3 you need money /1 can lend you some you want it / you can have it H- Write the verbs in brackets in the correct form. e.g. I will go swimming if the weather (be) is good.

I- Match clauses ‘A’ to clauses ‘B’. A If I study, If you see John tonight, He can catch the bus If we go to Istanbul on holiday, His health will get worse You can improve your English If my son gets a good degree, I will change my car We will miss the bus to Istanbul If Turkey joins the EU, J- Complete the sentences using ‘If clause Type 1, with imperative’. e.g. feel ill / see a doctor If you feel ill, see a doctor. not know the meaning of the word / look it up in a dictionary

you weather is cold / take your hat have a toothache / go to the dentist you have a party / invite Tom you your mother is tired / cook the dinner K- Fill in with ‘if’ or ‘when’. when / if ‘if* and ‘when* are used in the future real conditional, but the use is different from other real conditionals. In the future real conditional, ‘if* suggests that it is possible but you are not sure if something will happen or not. ‘When* suggests that you are sure something will definitely happen.

H- Fill in the ‘comparative’ or ‘superlative’ form of the adjectives in brackets. 1

K- Read the ‘warnings’ and complete the texts using ‘too’, ‘enough’, or ‘not ... enough’. DANGER: THIN ICE! Is this a good place to go skating? No, the ice is (thin) for skating. It’s (thick) to skate on.The ice is _ (dangerous) to skate on.And the water underneath is (cold)! CHILDREN’S PADDLING POOL MAXIMUM DEPTH 30cm! The pool is

(safe) for young children.But it isn’t (deep) to dive into. And it is (shallow) to swim in.

DEEPWATER ‘STRONG SWIMMERS ONLY - NO CHILDREN UNDER 12’! Andrew is 13 and a good swimmer. Rose is 10, and not a strong swimmer. Is this lake suitable for Andrew and Rose to swim in? Andrew is

(old) to swim here. And the water is

(deep) for

him to dive in. But it is (dangerous) here for young children. Rose is (young) to swim here anyway. She is (old). L- Choose the correct answer. There are Did

snakes in Ireland.

see Lester yesterday?

Have you got Alan did

sandwiches?

today.

Did Jenson go

? I can’t see him.

knew how to drive the car. will do

I can to help Sheridan.

Sammy doesn’t want

to laugh at her.

B; say, drink, rest, go, eat, help We didn’t have dinner because there was nothing to eat We went home because we were thirsty and wanted We didn’t talk because there wasn’t Richie was tired but he couldn’t go Everyone wanted to go out but there was He couldn’t carry the box, but there was

N- Choose the correct answer ‘If Clauses’. If you an apple every day, you’ll be very helathy. a. eat b. will eat If we don’t protect the elephant it

extinct.

a. becomes b. will become She

completely different if she cuts her hair.

a. looks

b. will look

You’ll pay higher insurance if you

a sports car.

a. buy b. will buy You better if you turn on the lamp. a. are able to see b. will be able to see You heart disease if you eat too much meat a. get b. will get If you don’t put so much sugar in your coffee, you a. don’t put on

b. won’t put on

You won’t pass the course if you a. don’t study If I

.

b. won’t study

some eggs, how many

?

a. cook / will you eat b. will cook/do you eat 10. If we water the flowers in the garden,they a. grow

b. will grow

O- Complete the followings with ‘mustn’t / don’t have to’/ needn’t’. 1 • You

arrive in a foreign country without any money.

You are on a train. Another passenger thinks you are cold and offers to close the window. You say, “You

, thank you. I’m not cold.”

You carry travellers’ cheques (also they are very useful). In most countries you You

book hotel accommodation in advance.

carry guns on planes.

In some countries you

take photographs of military buildings.

At Victoria Station (London) your mother suggests looking for a porter to carry your luggage. But then you see a luggage trolley. You say, “We

;we can use a trolley.”

P- Complete the conversation. .

— j-1— — /—* •

Magnus: I don’t think I can. But why don’t you (come) to Iceland? Minoji: I’d love to,but it’s a long way. Perhaps we (meet) Magnus: Oh, yes! Let’s (do)

half way.

that.Well,I think actually half way would be

Siberia, if I fly over the North Pole! But what about (meet)

in the United States?

Minoji: Well, that’s possible. Yes, why not (go) Francisco? And what about (hire) a car? on dates now? Why

somewhere

like

San

1• noun adjective

breeze

chill cloud fog

humidity

ice

rain sun

wind

7. A: I heard some bad news about what happened B: Yes.

we were on holiday some thieves broke into our house.

A: Oh, bad luck! 8. A: What happened when you were on holiday? B: Some thieves broke into my house. A: How did the thieves in? B:They broke in through the back door. A: Why didn’t anybody hear anything? B: Nobody heard anything 9. A: Did the thieves steal anything? B:They stole our jewellery from the bedroom. A: Is that all?

B: the money that I keep in the kitchen. A:

sorry. Is there anything I can do?

B: No, thanks. 10. A: You look upset.What happened? B: Well,

I was going to the market in this morning, a dog jumped into the

street. A: Oh no! Did you run over it? B: L I managed to stop in time and I didn’t hit- it. GRAMMAR A- Look at the example and make correct sentences in ‘Past Continuous Tense . □ We use‘Past Continuous (Past Progressive)1 to say that something was going on around a definite time in the past. e.g. he / wear / a jacket (+) He was //earing a jacket. you / carry / a box (?) / go / to dentist (+) she / eat / an ice-cream (?) you / carry / an umbrella (-) they / ride / horses (-) B- Fill in the blanks with ‘Past Continuous Tense9. e.g I 'as sleeping (sleep) in bed at 6 o’clock this morning.

She

(take) an exam at 2 o’clock yesterday afternoon.

It

(snow) last night Everywhere was white.

We

(paint) the walls all weekend.

(take) a shower. I couldn’t hear the telephone ringing.

C- Join the sentences using ‘when’ in both ways. We use‘as’,‘when* or‘while* to say that a longer action or event was going on when something else happened. While I was studying, I fell asleep. Kelly was cooking when the phone rang. As they were climbing the mountain, one of them had an accident. We use‘while* to say that two long actions or events went on at the same time. While you were typing the letters, I was doing my homework. Henry made tea while I was watching TV. As I opened my eyes, I saw a strange face. The telephone rang just as I walked towards the phone. Notice that the meaning doesn’t change when you change the places of the clauses. While I was studying, I fell asleep. (I fell asleep, while 1 was studying.) We were writing the questions.The bell rang . We were writing the questions when the bell rang. When the bell rang, we were writing the questions.

1. Dad was reading the newspaper. He fell asleep I was cooking in the kitchen. The explosion happened She was peeling an apple. She cut her finger. He was watering the garden. The postman came. He was going out. The storm began. The taxi came. I was reading the letter. My mother was cleaning the window. A bird flew inside. He was painting the wall. The cat spilled the paint. E- Complete the sentences putting the verbs in the correct form ‘Simple Past or Past Continuous9. e.g. Julia was running (run) down the road when she saw the accident.

B- Complete the sentences by adding ‘-ant/-ent’ to the verbs given correctly. We also add the suffixes1 -ant / -ent’ to some verbs and make adjectives. e.g. differ + ent: different (Today is different, today differs.)

was really old. I met on Friday. father has been an MP, for a long time. the lady parked in front of the hairdressers. daughter is an architect. wants to buy a summer house? you gave me is great. _ is located opposite my house is over 100 years old. are too small for him. went to the film liked it very much. steals things. flies. heats water. are wrong. takes care of your teeth.

A A clock is a thing An umbrella is a thing A dictionary is a book A cook is a person A dog is an animal e.g. A boy was injured. Is he in hospital now? Yes, the boy who was injured is in the hospital now. A man gave her some flowers. Was he her fiance? A dog came to your garden. Was it clean? B- Combine the sentences using ‘which /who’.

A repairer came to repair your washing machine. Was he polite?

e.g. That’s the man. He runs a travel agency. That’s the man who runs a travel agency. She takes care of people.They are ill. A tiger is a wild animal. It runs fast. They are lazy students.They don’t study hard. He is an intellectual person. Everybody admires him.

broke a vase. It was from my grandmother. C- Make sentences using the prompts in the box. studies economics / takes photos / flies planes / sells meat / writes poems / cuts hair / tells lies / plays a musical instrument / is very intelligent / studies living things / is ill in hospital e.g. An economist is a person who studies economics. A photographer A pilot A butcher A poet A hairdresser A musician A liar A genius A biologist A patient

An earthquake hit Bala, Ankara. Was it strong? A boy robbed the market. Was he homeless? F- Combine the sentences with and without a ‘relative pronoun’. ^ We can leave out who / which / that if it is the object of the relative clause. Notice how ‘some / the / a’ changes.

e.g. Nil took some photographs. Did you see them? Did you see the photographs which Nil took? Did you see the photographs Nil took? You sent me a letter. I didn’t read it. I didn’t Andrew is wearing a shirt. I hate it. Andrew is

Your boyfriend gave you a present.Where is it? Where She told them a story. They didn’t believe it. They She

He bought some books yesterday.Where are they? Where G- Make one sentence from two, without using a relative pronoun. e.g. He was carrying a bag. It wasn’t very heavy. The bag he was carrying wasn’t very heavy Lions are wild animals. I’m afraid of them. Lions Mum cooked a meal last night. It was excellent The meal mum The bird is singing beautifully. It’s a nightingale.

The bird I’m wearing my new trainers.They are very comfortable. The trainers We had some guests for dinner last night.They were very cheerful people. The guests we

e.g. a car: Italian / black / large a large black Italian car a tie: white / expensive / silk two lions: miniature / white a pair of boots: brown / small / leather a car: small / economical / comfortable that shirt: cotton / warm / green an autumn: Mediterranean / cool a lady: little / middle aged / nice the music: Turkish / best / modern this building: new / fine / tall a child: well-mannered / young / very B- Organize these adjectives according to their categories. glass / round / plastic / leather / cotton / woollen / oval / triangular / square / rectangular / wonderful / beautiful / nice / small / tall / old / young / white / green / jogging / two / Turkish / Italian

C- Match the words to their definitions and then fill in the blanks with the same words. no longer in fashion to become known a general point of view about life extremely large, huge very large and wide or great in size or amount a particular side or characteristic of a situation belonging to the present time, contemporary to become smaller, weaker or worse We are now much more European in our He runs a

business.

The facts began to . You can see ancient and The film was an

buildings next to each other.

success.

America has many s of British cultural life. The number of the members SPEAKING

d from 400 to 350.

B- Make your o.wn dialogues: Describing professions, describing things or people. occupations: engineer, designer, ballet dancer, chemist, biologist, journalist, etc. adjectives related to character or personality: hardworking, patient, easy-going, sociable, etc. adjectives related to appearance: tall and slim, medium height, etc. Is there anyone who you admire because he/she is very successful, beautiful, etc.? Who is he/she? Why do you admire him/her? Write about her/his appearance and personality. SELF-EVALUATION CAN DO I'*1' I can express feelings and describe things, people and professions 200 Unit 17

UNIT 18 CLIMATE READING Christine: These are lovely puppies, aren’t they? Look at the white one! It’s a very nice puppy, isn’t it? Look at its eyes! Terry: I like the black one. What’s its name? Christine: I don’t know. Oh, I like them all. Which one am I going to choose? Terry: You can’t decide, can you? Christine: No, not really. Do you know who they belong to? Terry:Yes, to Mr. Rogers.You didn’t ask him if he gives them away, did you?

Christine: No, I didn’t. But if he does, I’ll take the one with brown eyes. A: What kind of

do you like the most?

B: I like rainy weather the most. A: When does this weather come in your country? B: In my country, rainy weather comes in July and August. A: How does this weather make you ? B:This kind of weather always makes me feel comfortable. A: What do you like to do in this weather? B: When theis rainy, 1 like to read or listen to music. A: The weather is worse.You’d better go. B: Why? We’re safe here,

?

A: No, the wind is getting stronger. B: What are you trying to say? A: I’m trying to say that if you don’t leave you’ll be in danger. A: I didn’t see you last week. You were away,

?

B: Yes, I was in istanbul. A: How was ? B: It was freezing cold and snowing. A: Oh! What a pity! You couldn’t

then, could you?

B: Of course, I could. I went toTheTopkapi Palace. A: Did you hear the news on the radio? There’s a storm coming! B: All right then, we’d better get ready. What’s

?

A: They’re calling it Hurricane Connie. B: Why do they choose names like that? It too nice! A: Human names are short and easy.They could give the name HCN2IW, B: I know but I think hurricanes must have strong names. A: Well, maybe that would help people take them seriously. What name would you choose? B: I think Conan would be

I speak English more She greeted me She smiled This girl dances Could you write Planes can fly

than birds, (high)

He had an accident last year. Now he drives Jim can run than John, (fast) Our team played of A (bad) He worked

than ever before, (hard)

D- Rewrite the following sentences using ‘comparative form’ of the adverb, and the word ‘than’. e.g. The train travels fast, (the bus) The train travels faster than the bus. In the morning, the sun shone brightly, (in the afternoon)

In the afternoon, the sun shone in the morning. The footpath runs straight, (the road) The road runs

the footpath.

Joe sings badly. (Rick) Rick sings Joe. The wild deer came near. (I had expected) The wild deer came

I had expected.

Captain Cook sailed far. (Columbus did) Captain Cook sailed

Columbus did.

buy x 2 / fetch / arrive x 2 / become x 2 / obtain / receive x 2

go round / turn round / round / pass round / come round / nose around / show round / hang around / stick around / look around / travel around / order about / lie about / get around

Where can I get something to eat around here? Where can I something to eat around here? I’m just going to get a pencil from the office. I'll be back in a minute. I’m just going to a pencil from the office. I’ll be back in a minute. What time did you get here last night? What time did you here last night?

He got very angry when I told him what you did with his CDs. He

very angry when I told him what you did with his CDs.

I couldn’t get a room. All the hotels were full. I couldn’t

a room. All the hotels were full.

We normally get two weeks’ holiday. We normally

two weeks holiday.

This book is getting quite interesting. This book is quite interesting. I must get some food before I go home. I mustsome food before I go home. He sent the letter last week but I didn’t get it until yesterday. He sent the letter last week but I didn’t

it until yesterday.

Do they often get here early? Do they often

^ here early?

| g0t

quickly and went out. I didn’t know my T-shirt was dirty.

She got

in France. Her family wasn’t there at the wedding.

They got

last year. Children stayed with mum.

He got

on his way to the station.

I’m getting -Turn on the heating, please. Get

the car and remember to fasten your seat belt.

How did you get of the car? You need a suntan lotion to get and protect your skin.

People who live in large towns often like to get My English is getting

at the weekends or in summer.

everyday because I practise at least two hours every day.

F- Complete the sentences with the correct words given in the box. ‘Round* is a common ‘preposition* of place. Prepositions ‘about*, ‘around* and ‘round* usually have the same meaning. Here are the definitions of ‘round* to make you understand some phrases with ‘round’ more easily. round (adv / prep): moving or positioned in a circle; turn to be able to see the other face; visiting all the parts of a place or a lot of different places; near a place round (n): as an adjective is the shape of something like a ball or circle.

I visited a school last week. One of the teachers showed me round. She doesn’t much these days. said hello, but he Lisa heard a noise behind her, so she Suddenly a car

the corner.

The moon the earth. My house is very near here. It’s just the corner. She

some orange juice and biscuits.

I don’t understand why she I

with such strange people.

the garden before going in.

The students were on the grass. found her

among my private notes.

Will you

and keep an eye on the food?

He behaved as if he were a soldier by everyone READING TYPHOON WHO? Tropical cyclones are called typhoons in Asia, and huricanes in North and South America.These storms go around like a wheel turning to the left.They have wind speeds of 60kph or more.They can be extremely destructive. In the United States, the Tropical Prediction Center in Maimi, Florida, looks out for hurricanes.When meteorologists detect a true hurricane, they give it a name. Why should tropical cyclones have names? The name makes it easier for people to keep up with information about a hurricane and its possible dangers. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO), an international weather group, decides what names will be used.The WMO makes six lists of names, using the English alphabet. Each list is used for one year. When a hurricane occurs, it gets the next name on the list for that year. For example, the first hurricane of the year might have the name Abel, while the second one could be Betty.The name lists do not include names beginning with the letters Q, U, X,Y, and Z, because there are a few names that begin with these letters.Asian countries use a different list, made up by the WMO’s Typhoon Committee.This list has a few personal names, but most of the names are of flowers, animals, trees, and similar things. Idiomatic Expressions look out for (phr.v): to make sure that you notice smb or sth keep up (phr.v): to know about things that are happening make up (phr.v): to form or prepare sth READING

A- Write True (T) or False (F).

Tropical cyclones are called typhoons both in Asia and in North and South America. ( ) Tropical cyclones are called hurricanes in North and South America. (

)

They can be extremely destructive because they have wind speeds of more than 60 kph. (

)

The Tropical Prediction Centre doesn’t care about hurricanes. (

)

Meteorologists give a name to hurricanes to make it easier for people to keep up with information about them and their possible dangers.

(

)

B- Answer the questions. What Is the main idea of this reading? a. How tropical cyclones are named. b.What tropical

cyclones

c.Why tropical cyclones are named. d.Who watches

for tropical cyclones.

Which name would a hurricane never have? a. Rita

b.Veronica c.William

d.Yanni

The fifth hurricane of 2010 might have the name .... a. Diana b. Darren c. Eric

d. Connie

In which direction do tropical cyclones go round? a. Down

*

v

b.The same direction as a clock

c.The opposite direction of a clock

d. Around

Why should tropical cyclones have names? a. It sounds interesting. b.The names help people. c.The names are a code for the WMO. d. It is traditional.

can

do.

SPEAKING A- Which weather do you like the most? How does this weather make you feel? B- Make your own dialogues: Giving information about climate, comparing the climate of different countries. Word expressions with 'get': get ill, get cold, etc. Word expressions with 'feel + adj': feel ill, feel sad, feel great, etc. How do you feel? Words related to climate: nouns: rain, fog, wind, storm, etc. adjectives: rainy, sunny, foggy, hot, cold, humid, etc. adverbs of comparative and superlative: more easily, faster, better, the most carefully, etc. Tag questions: Did I?, are you?, isn't it?, etc. How fantastic! Phrases with around / round: walk round, go around, look round, etc. WRITING Which season do you like the most? How do you feel in this season?

C- Fill in the blanks with the correct words. detect / include / destructive /decides / information

GRAMMAR A- Fill in the chart. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE We form ‘Present Perfect Tense’ with ‘have’ or ‘has’ before the verb. We use the ‘Past Participle’ form of the verb which is also called ‘V3*. In regular verbs we add ‘-ed’ to the end of the verb. Irregular verbs are different You have a list of irregular verbs in the end of /our books. We use ‘Present Perfect Tense’:

for something that happened in the past but we do not know or don’t say when it happened. Kate has done her homework. for something that happened in the past, but the result is clear now. Kate has bought a new computer. for something that started in the past and is still going on now. I have lived here for twenty years. for something which has just happened or finished. The children have just finished their homework. We always use ‘already / never / recently / just between have / has and Past Participle. Ali has never travelled abroad. We use ‘yet’ at the end of (-) negative / (?) interrogative sentences. The bus hasn’t arrived yet. Has the bus arrived yet? We use ‘ever’ only in questions. In (+) affirmative sentences we use ‘never*. Have you ever flown in a helicopter? I have never flown in a helicopter.

GRAMMAR

Present Perfect (V3) got

B- Complete the sentences in ‘Present Perfect Tense’ e.g. She has written (write) a letter today. exams. They friends this holiday. Someone ___ pencil. The sun (break) cue wmu» (water) the flowers. 15. The bank C- Rewrite these sentences in ‘question9 form of Present Perfect Tense. e.g. The students have finished their homework. Have the students finished their homework? Her mother has cooked the meal for dinner. Mary has sent a lot of letters to her penfriend.

____

The shop has been open since 8 o'clock. I’ve drunk two cups of tea today. They have visited their friend in hospital. • D- Rewrite these sentences in ‘negative9 form of Present Perfect Tense. He hasn’t read the book-

Experiences 215

G- Underline the correct word. e.g He hasn’t paid back yet / already She hasn’t bought a new car already / yet. The plane hasn’t landed yet / already. They haven’t got married just / yet. She has just / yet managed to find the answer to this question. We have yet / just met. H- Rewrite the sentences using ‘time expressions’ given in the brackets. e.g. Nick and his wife have arrived, (just)

Nick and his wife have just arrived.

We have finished our homework, (already) Eliza has travelled to Mexico, (never) Oh, I’m afraid your teacher has left, (just) We’ve met our new neighbours, (already) haven’t bought a new car. (yet) She has finished her composition, (just) The bus hasn’t arrived at the bus station, (yet) They’ve got married, (just) They haven’t got married, (yet) Have you been to Istanbul? (ever)

I- Answer the questions in ‘Present Perfect Tense’ and using the words in brackets. e.g. Why don’t you do your homework? (already) I’ve already done it Are you going to write the letters? (just) Have you ever seen ‘Lord of the Rings’? (never) Have you finished the book? (yet) Shall I make you something to eat? (just) Did you see that film? (yet) Did you ever go skiing? (never) When are you going to book your tickets? (already) Why don’t you watch the programme? (before) Are you going to water the flowers? (already) When are you going to cook the chicken? (just) J- Fill in ‘have/has gone’ or ‘have/has been’. e.g. Where is Bob? I think he has gone to the post office. you ever

to the new cinema in the town centre?

My friend is not at home. She to her grandparents’. Susan and Fiona to Portugal.They had a great time. My parents are on holiday at the moment.They

to Rome.

Our teacher knows England very well. She there many times.

E- Complete each phrase with correct ‘antonym1 of the bold adjective.

READING If you sneeze on a Monday, you sneeze for danger; Sneeze on a Tuesday, kiss a stranger; Sneeze on a Wednesday, sneeze for a letter; Sneeze on a Thursday, something better; Sneeze on a Friday, sneeze for sorrow; Sneeze on a Saturday, see your sweetheart tomorrow. Sneeze on a Sunday, and the devil will have domination over you all week. Complete the sentences with suitable words or phrases. superstitious - nervous - ladders - mirror - yes Do you get when a black cat walks in front of you? Do you avoid walking under ? If you break a

will you expect to get bad luck? If the answer is,

* to any of these questions, then you are clearly a person. sign - getting - superstitions - God Bless You - Today - violently - disease Sneezing □ Has anyone ever said ‘

’ when you sneeze? Do you ever wonder

why we say that to people who sneeze? Well this is a good example of how old lose their meaning, but still stick with us. A long time ago, in the 6th century, people used to congratulate others who

sneezed because they believed that they were

rid of evil from their bodies.

But later a plague swept Europe, and people began sneezing which was a of death. So the Pope passed a law requiring people to bless the sneezer. At the same time, people began to cover their mouth with a piece of cloth or their hand to stop the spreading of the

. But many people believed that sneezing into the air will allow

the soul to escape and death will be near. ,the opposite is true.We congratulate those who sneeze. unlucky - cursed - believe - thirteenth - feel Friday the Thirteenth i As you know, people

that Friday the 13th is an

day. Many hotels and office buildings don’t have a

floor or room. Instead

they skip right over to the fourteenth floor. But why do so many people that this number is unlucky? Well, Adam and Eve had to leave the Garden of Eden on Friday, the flood that Noah had to build an ark for also began on a Friday, and Jesus Christ was crucified on a Friday. Christians also believe that twelve witches and one devil meet every Friday making the number 13 and Friday a combination. culture - under - thirteen - advanced - bad - black - luck - superstitious - mirror clover - penny - believe - good Every in the world believes certain superstitions. For example, the United States is a

country that is very

in science and technology. But even in American

society, people sometimes superstitions. Americans consider “ ” an unlucky number. So, it is rare to find a building with a thirteen floor in the United States. Some people in the United States also

believe that when Friday falls on the thirteenth day of the month, they will have _luck. Some Americans believe they will have bad luck if they walk a

ladder.

Although

people say they are not

, they will often avoid walking under a ladder. People consider it

unlucky to break a

. Americans also think they will have bad luck if a cat crosses their

path. However, people consider some things to bring

luck.

For

example,

some Americans believe if they carry a rabbit’s foot, they will have good . Other people believe that they will have good luck if they find a four-leaf

. Others think they will have good

luck if they find a on the ground and pick it up. Even though a society becomes very advanced, its people will always remain a little bit superstitious. My grandmother never says “ ” when she a plant as a present or a handed

knife. She believes that the plant will die and she will

herself. She also never

her finger at a plant because she believes that it will

and die. Also, to this

day, opening an umbrella indoors is a BIG

in my family.

6. Complete these most common superstitions by matching the clauses. How many of them have you heard? Your wish will come true If 13 people sit down at a table to eat, If you dream of death it’s a sign of a birth, If you tell someone your wish, If you make a wish while throwing a coin into a well or fountain, If you bite your tongue while eating, If you drop a pair of scissors, If you spill pepper, If your nose itches, If you catch a falling leaf on the first day of autumn, If the palm of your right hand itches, If the palm of your left hand itches, If the bottom of your right foot itches, If your right ear itches, If your left ear itches,

If your right eye twitches, If your cheeks suddenly feel on fire, If you say ‘good bye’ to a friend on a bridge, _ If someone is sweeping the floor and sweeps over your feet, If a bee enters your home,

GRAMMAR A- Choose the correct answer. When we want to contrast two pieces of information in a single sentence and say that the second fact is surprising after the first one, we can use these link words: although / though / even though / in spite of / despite / still / yet / whereas / however / but / while / nevertheless, etc. although / though / even though + clause (Subject + verb) in spite of the fact that / despite the fact that + clause (Subject + verb) in spite of / despite + noun (Verb + ing) while / whereas + clause (Subject + verb) however /on the other hand / nevertheless + clause (Subject + verb) Although / Because it was raining, I didn’t get wet. John couldn’t buy any presents for his mother even though / because he didn’t have enough money. My wife likes to travel abroad whereas / since I prefer to stay at home for my vacations.

Paula got the job as / even though she had no experience. Surfing is fun though / because it can be dangerous. Yet / Although she’s small, she’s very strong. It was a fantastic day although / because of the terrible weather. She went out although / despite it was raining. She went out although / in spite of the fact that it was raining. Although / Despite the weather was good, we stayed inside. B- Combine the sentences using ‘although’. She is very rich, but she doesn’t like to spend money.

C- Combine the sentences using ‘even though

.

e.g. It was raining. We went to the beach. Even though it was raining, we went to the beach. We were tired. We continued working. It was getting late. We decided to stay and talk a little longer. She has to drive 20 minutes to get to his house. She gave him a ride home, which was very nice of her. It was very cold out. We decided to go for a walk in the park. The prices are a little higher at that supermarket. We like going shopping there anyway. He’s extremely afraid of travelling by plane. We were able to convince him to go with us They said they were on a diet.They ate chocolate cake for dessert.

D- Fill in the blanks with ‘although / despite / in spite of’. she didn’t want to see ‘Finding Nemo’, she enjoyed it in the end. E- Combine three columns to make five meaningful sentences.

He was guilty, but got away with murder! His father is very rich, but he doesn’t want a new car. I had a terrible toothache, but I didn’t go to a dentist. She made a few mistakes, but she passed the exam. The flat was a bit small, but we decided to buy it.

C the pay isn’t very good. he’s the most experienced. the help I gave him. he didn’t feel very well. most of his school friends were very lazy. the antifreeze. I told the truth. the difference in their ages. her mother’s warnings.

the low salary. ( n.

( )i.

()

( )i.

( )». ( )

F- Combine the clauses in the most logical way. was able to follow what she was saying even though I was able to follow what she was saying whereas We enjoyed the holiday in spite of The exam was very difficult- However, Although it was a very long film, G- Complete the sentences with the appropriate conjunction given in the box.

although - despite - however - whereas - yet My friend, Paul bought some new shoes

he already has 20 pairs.

We decided to walk from coast to coast

our lacking of training.

Giving up was not an issue

the situation got more difficult by the way.

The children behaved like angels

the long drive and hot weather.

The hotel wasn’t really very comfortable.

, we had a great time there.

love cycling my wife prefers walking. the weather forecast spoke of wind and rain, we really enjoyed a warm and sunny afternoon.

I don’t believe everything he says,

I thoroughly enjoy being with him.

v H- Complete the sentences with the appropriate conjunction given in the box. he’s 6 already, Steve still can’t ride a bike. Mark finished second

his leg injury.

Nothing will ever grow on this plot

in the 60s a nearby factory dumped its

waste here. Jane is a nice person to be with.

what she thinks of herself, she has great

listening skills. We arrived at the hospital soaking wet

the fact that we were all wearing

waterproof jackets. John never apologizes

he says real friends need not apologize all the time.

I- Complete the sentences with ‘although9 or ‘despite’. Their new product turned out to be a success

pessimistic market studies.

I had a headache, I enjoyed the film very much. The speech made the crowd cheer

the minister’s lack of preparation time.

everything, he managed to pass the exam. being tired from working, I went out for dinner with friends. he is a very busy manager, he always makes time for his family. difficult economic conditions, many people live happily.

226 Unit 20

8*

the doctors did their best, they couldn’t save the patient.

, ’•

recent economic progress,Turkey hasn’t reached a high standard of

living yet. 1

being tasteless, they ate all the food.

VOCABULARY A- Match the phrasal verbs with their definitions. find something by chance, run into get away from somebody or something meet somebody by chance or unexpectedly stop something working start something working be back, to return to happen make something (such as sound, heat, etc.) more quiet or less warm to change the way to visit someone to have no more of something left make something (such as sound, heat, etc.) louder or warmer to prevent something from harming you to avoid doing something

B- Fill in the correct preposition. What a nice song! Turn the volume, please. Donna, turn the music, I’m studying. I’d like to watch the news.Turn the TV, please. Turn the lights before leaving the room, please. The music is too loud, can you turn it The discovery of adrenaline came

? through a mistake.

While I was tidying up my drawers, I came my necklace, which had been lost. You must come

for a drink one evening.

It’s too hot here, can you turn the heating

?

Turn the heat and put the pan on it. C- Fill in the words in brackets and its opposite formed with ‘dis-’. ^ The prefix ‘dis-’ gives words an opposite meaning. (agreement) They want to settle their , but they can’t reach a satisfactory (advantage) Her experience gives her a/an , but her weight problem is a/an (appear) The spot on her skin

in May and two weeks later.

We (approve) The students

the new teacher, but the teachers

of his methods.

(loyal) You always tell me to be , but now, you want me to be by lying for you in the court. (trust) We save money in banks because we them but, unfortunately grandpa banks and saves his money at home. (connect) I tried hard to

these pieces but I have to

them now because I

think, I’ve made a mistake. D- Complete the sentences adding ‘re-’ to the appropriate word given in the box. Prefix *re-* gives the words the meaning again. take - decorate - gain - open - do My homework was terrible, so I had to

it.

The shop closed down but will next month. I failed my exam but I can They decided to He may

it next year.

their office.

his old job if he talks to his old manager.

E- Complete the sentences adding *-ful' or ‘-less’ to the words given box.

We make adjectives by adding MuF or ‘-less* to some nouns.They are opposite in meaning. e.g. rest + furestful: having rest X rest + less restless: lacking rest

READING ANIMAL FORECASTERS Do you think animals can predict the weather or other natural events? Farmers living in the countryside think so. For hundreds of years, they have observed animals.They think animals’ behaviour can be connected to future weather conditions or events. For example, if swans fly into the wind, a hurricane is coming. Or if cows lie down, a rainstorm is coming.There are many traditional stories connecting animals and natural events. Many people think that these stories are just folklore, traditional stories and beliefs without scientific evidence. Scientists, however, are beginning to take another look at some of these ideas. Kiyoshi Shimamura is a Japanese earthquake researcher. He noticed an increase in dog bites a short time before earthquakes hit.Then, he did an investigation of twelve public health centres in Kobe, Japan.These health centres treated people after the 1995 earthquake. He noticed some interesting information about the month before the big earthquake.Treatment for animal bites increased. In fact, aggressive behaviour in dogs, such as biting and barking loudly, jumped 60 percent! People noticed other changes in animal behaviour before the earthquake as well. For example, fish began swimming together in large groups, only in the middle of the water and not near the edges.

Also, birds flew away from their nests for many days, leaving their eggs unprotected.This animal behaviour suggests that animals may be able to predict natural events better than people. Idiomatic expressions cake another look: to re-examine; to check again hie: to happen quickly jump: to increase suddenly A- Match these words with their definitions. 1. evidence a. 2. researcher

b.

3. increase c. 4. aggressive

d.

5. barking e. 6. edges

f.

7. unprotected

g-

C- Answer the questions. What is the main idea of the reading? a. What animals do during earthquakes

b.The many earthquakes of Japan

c. Effect of natural events on animals’ actions c. Folklore and other stories about animals How do dogs begin to behave just before an earthquake? a.They lie down in grass. b.They stay together in large groups.

c.They leave their homes.

d.They hurt people.

What other animals behave strangely before an earthquake? a. Pigs

b. Birds

c. Cows

d. All of the above

What did Kiyoshi Shimamura look at during his investigation? a. Animal clinics treating dogs b.The number of patients with bites c.The number of earthquakes a year d. Places dogs go during earthquakes Why do you think Japanese researches are so interested in studying earthquakes? a. Japanese people like dogs.

b. Japan has a lot of researches.

c. Japan has a lot of earthquakes.

d. Many animals in Japan behave strangely.

D- Fill in the correct words.

WRITING What is your idea of superstitions? Do you have any superstitions? Do you think that a superstitious person is a logical one? Do you think that superstitions have any affect on your life? Do you know why superstitions have come to exist?

aggressive - connection — predict - scientific - noticed Some people think that animals can the weather. Other people think this is

just a folk tale and that there is no

evidence. However, one researcher from

Japan that dogs became more before an earthquake. Other animals also showed changes in behaviour before the earthquake.This evidence suggests that there is a between animal behaviour and the weather. SPEAKING A- What are your country’s superstitions? B- Make your own dialogues: Give information about beliefs and cultural differences. Phrasal Verbs: take down, take off, take on, take round, take up, come about, come across, come around, come back, run away, run into, run out superstition(s); superstitious If you ... I wish I... Adverbs of Contrast: However, Although, Even though, Whereas, etc.

What are the similarities between superstitions all over the world? SELF EVALUATION CAN DO (tick ✓) I can give information about beliefs and cultural differences.

READING Mrs. Harrison: Could you give me some advice about jeans, please? My family wants me to be more fashionable. Do you think that there are any pairs that will suit me? Shop assistant: Well, I don’t think such clothes are suitable for your work, but I can show you some great styles for everyday use. Mrs. Harrison: Great. By the way, can you give me some information for shorts? I’ve heard on the news that we’re going to have hot, sunny weather this summer.

C- Put ‘the’ in the gaps, where necessary. Daniel: Do you want to look at my holiday photos? Isaac: Yes, great. Is this hotel you stayed in? Daniel: That’s right. It was close to It’s

longest river in

river.We caught

there every day.

Austria.

Isaac: And what’s this? Daniel: It’s a photo of

other place we stayed in, Alpine Hotel, near

Blue River. Its water was cold than

ice!

Isaac: And what about this square? Is this Daniel: No, silly.That square is in

Trafalgar Square?

United Kingdom.

F- Complete the conversation using ‘Present Simple’ or ‘Present Progressive’. Teacher: Where (come) you

from?

Sofia: I’m Greek. I was born in Athens, but my family and I (live) Salonika now. Teacher: And what (do) you you

? I (mean) what’s your job? (do)

anything at present?

Sofia: Well, actually I (teach) although I (not work) moment. But I (look) But I (not see)

for a job. I (not like)

at the

doing nothing.

much chance of getting a job at present.

Teacher: Well, good luck. I (wish)

you every success.

_

in

E- Complete the sentences with the correct relative adverb ‘where / when / why’. Do you know the reason This is the villa

so many people in the world learn English?

the Smiths live.

Salonika is the town The 23 rd of April is the day Children’s Day. A famine was the reason The day A horror film was the reason

Cappadocia is the place It was becoming dark F- Use the appropriate ‘relative pronoun’. A cat is an animal who / that catches mice. The girls who / that think they are pretty needn’t do this exercise. Do you know any girls who / that will do this exercise now? You are just the kind of son-in-law when / that I always wanted. We shall let them all come back except those who / that started the trouble. There’s nothing who / that can distract her from her work. The boys who / that our organization gives shelter to are ordinary kids, not the ones with obvious problems. The average American wants nothing who / that irritates or disturbs him on TV. Some students are planning visits to factories who / that cause pollution. It’s just the kind of place where / which I have always wanted to live. G- Choose the correct word. A rabbit is an animal

only eats plants and vegetables.

a. who

c. that

b. whose

Istanbul is the historical city a. who

b. which

c. whose

Thomas Edison was the man a. when

b.

Sultan Mehmet II conquered in 1453.

invented the light bulb.

which c. who

2000 was the year in

Galatasaray won the UEFA cup.

a. when

b.

which c. who

1492 was the year Christopher Columbus discovered America. a. which

b. where

c. when

car is parked in front of the garage gate? a. Whose

b.Whom

c. Which

Have you finished with the book a. who

b.

that

c.

whose

That’s the woman

a nurse.

a. who’s

c. who

b. whose

She’s the girl a. who

I lent you?

is going to be the new manager.

b. which

c. who’s

were you shouting at? a. Whom

b. Which

c.Whose

H- Rewrite the text again putting in ‘a / an / the’ where necessary. James lives in house in my street His house is big and yellow, and it has red door at front. It has big garden with old apple tree and lots of flowers. In summer we play on slide which is under apple tree. In winter we play chess and scrabble in living room. I love visiting Jamie. He’s best neighbour in world. I- Fill in ‘a / an / some / the’. There is

pineapple juice in the fridge.

We go to the cinema twice

month.

There’s a fire across the street. Call fire brigade.

My friend can play South of England, kilo for these apples. money, and she wants to buy a new coat, dentist tomorrow. J- Write the nouns under the correct heading. Madison Square - Oxford Street - Netherlands - Cambridge University - Atlantic Ocean - Silver Screen (cinema) - east - lunch - Intercontinental - Portugal - La Casa Restaurant - world - Archaeological Museum THE NO ARTICLE

K- Match the sentences, then underline the correct verb form. Look out!

a. I will go /1 am going to London this weekend.

There are lots of clouds. b.

She will be / is going to be sick.

can’t lift this suitcase.

I will write / am going to write to you everyday.

It’s late.

d.

c.

That tree will / is going to fall.

Her face is green.

e.

I think I will go /1 am going to go home.

Don’t worry, Mum.

f. Will you help / Are you going to help me?

Sorry, I can’t come to your v

g. It will / It is going to rain,

party on Saturday. L- Choose the correct form of the verbs. Yesterday I visited some friends who (I)

(stay) at a hotel near the beach. It (2)

(be) really good to see them again.They (3)

(live) in Brazil, and this is the first time they (4)

(visit) my country. We all (5) (go) swimming in the morning, and then we had an enormous lunch. I’m afraid I (6) (eat) too much! In the evening we went to a cafe. While we (7) (drink) our coffee, we watched the sunset. It was brilliant! a. are staying a. is being a. are living a. have visited a. go a. eat a. were drinking M- Complete the sentences with the ‘Past Simple’ or ‘Past Progressive’. meet - attend The students first when they a summer school.

cook - burn Juan sausages, when he his hand. 238 Unit21

travel - meet Juan around when he

Stephan again.

meet - work When Juan him, Stephan

as a ski instructor.

telephone - cut Wendy

when Susan the grass.

stay - invite Wendy’s mother with Lucy and Bob when they Susan and Bill for dinner. mend - call When Tom his bicycle, Peter for him. cut - open Tom his hand when he a can. read - fall |

Travel With My Aunt’ when I asleep.

10. drink - spill While I _

my coffee, I unfortunately

some on the carpet.

VOCABULARY A- Fill in these verbs which refer to ‘clothing and wearing’ in their correct form.

I got up early in the morning. I took a shower,

and had breakfast .It was a

rainy morning so I my overcoat and left home at half past eight. When I got to work I my coat and

it

behind the door.

During my lunch break I had a look round the shops. I saw a nice pullover and

* Unfortunately, it didn’t me. It was too large and they didn’t have a smaller one. B- Match the words with their definitions. it sells fashionable clothes a person who always wears or does what is fashionable even if it doesn’t look good on her/him a person who works in a shop to serve you very modern but strange or unusual a person who is unwilling to accept changes and new ideas not popular anymore something that is very popular for a short time very fashionable knowing about the most recent facts, products, etc. modern and new Fashion 239

C- Complete this shopping dialogue.

A: Can I help you? B: Yes, I’m a sweater. A: What

are you?

B: I’m an

large.

A: How about this one? B: Yes, that’s nice. Can I it

?

A: Certainly, there’s the over there. B: Thank you. A: How does it

?

B: It’slarge. Do you have

large?

A: Yes, here you are. B: Thank you. I’ll have it, please. A: OK, how would you like to pay? B: Do you credit cards? A: Yes, we do. Visa, Master Card and American Express. B: OK, here’s my Visa. A: Thank you. Have a nice day! B: Thank you, goodbye. outfits

accessory

E- Make new ‘verbs’ by adding ‘-en’ to these words. ^ We add the suffix ‘-en’ to some adjectives, nouns or verbs to make ‘verbs’. Be careful of the spelling. e.g. fat fatten This hot chocolate is not • l’m Somg to The sun will the tomatoes.They will The sheets are not -The worker has to Smoking will 5 She is a

your life so if you don t want a

person anyway but the illness has —

READING GLOBALIZATION Fashion is something we deal with everyday. Even people who say they don’t care what they wear, choose clothes every morning that say a lot about them and how they feel that day. One certain thing in the fashion world is change. Music, videos, books, and television continuously bombard us with new fashion ideas. Movies and political figures also have a big influence on what people wear. ‘Ray-Ban’ sold more sunglasses after the movie ‘Men In Black’. Sometimes a trend is world-wide. Back in the 1950s, teenagers everywhere dressed like Elvis Presley. Fashion is a big business. Everyday, millions of workers design, sew, glue, dye, and transport clothing to stores. Ads on buses, billboards and magazines give us ideas about what to wear.

A fashion usually remains popular for about 1.3 years and then another fashion takes place. A fashion that comes and goes is called a Fad. Today teenagers show great interest in fashion matters.They read popular magazines, watch TV and look at advertisements and talk about clothes.They want to follow the latest trends. As a result they often wear similar clothes. When black is in fashion they wear black T-shirts, black sweatshirts, black trousers, black jeans and even black trainers.When pink becomes popular, they all turn pink. Today boys and girls often look the same. Girls don’t wear dresses and skirts anymore and boys care more about fashion.Young people do not wear what they really like.They buy and dress in whatever is currently in fashion. Find these words in the text. : to do what is necessary to find an answer for a problem : happening all over the world : an advertisement : well-known and important in some way : concerning or including the whole world A- Write True (T) or False (F). Fashion is something we deal with everyday. Nothing changes in the fashion world. From music to political figures, many things have big influence on what we wear. Fashion is also a big industrial business in the world. A fashion usually remains forever. Today teenagers follow the latest trends and wear similar clothes.

B- Answer the questions. 1. What do people do every morning? People watch TV and look at Girls don’t wear

.and talk about fashion.

and blouses anymore.

People read magazines. People all want to be

•

When black becomes

they all turn green.

Young people only buy and dress in whatever is 1 People often buy and wear

in fashion.

clothes.

When blue is fashion they were blue T-shirts, blue and blue trousers. D- What does fashion mean to you?

SPEAKING A- Clothes separate people into groups. Do you agree with this decision? B- Make your own dialogues: Expressing preferences. A- Complete the dialogues in ‘Present Continuous or Future Simple1. Dan: (go out) this evening? Sue: Yes,

(go) to a nice restaurant in a few minutes.

Gary: Why did you arrive late? Andy: I took the bus.

(not / travel) by bus again!

GRAMMAR

A- Complete the sentences using the ‘Present Simple’ or the ‘Present Continuous’. The present simple refers to timetables, schedules, and events.The present continuous refers to future plans and arrangements. We use the ‘Present Continuous* to talk about fixed arrangements in the future. I’m playing tennis with John tomorrow. ^ We use the ‘Present Simple’ to talk about events that are part of a timetable or schedule in the future. He has a doctor’s appointment tomorrow. (It’s part of his schedule.) There’s a good concert on next week. Look at Unit 14/Grammar (F) e.g. I am taking Sally out for dinner tonight, (take) at 4:30 p.m. (return) 2. The girls and 1 out tonight, (go) 3. At 8 a.m., we

on the excursion to the Black Sea. (leave)

4. The return train one hour after the race, (depart) 5. We each other sometime in the future, (see) 6. The office 7. They

a going-away party for me. (give)

a very small wedding on the beach, (have)

8. Thanksgiving

on the 25th of November this year, (fall)

9. Eating sandwiches every day is boring, so 10. Mr. President, you

the UN Assembly at noon on July 10th. (address)

B- Complete the sentences in ‘Simple Present’ or ‘Present Continuous’. her kids to football practice. French at a language school in Paris.That is why I am in Paris. because everybody (talk) (start) at 8:00. Jim: Do you want to come over for dinner tonight? Denise: Oh, I’m sorry, I can’t. I (go) ‘

your parents (go) out tonight?’ ‘No .they’re too tired’.

This delicious chocolate (be)

C- Choose the correct form of the verb to complete the sentences. My whole family is going / will go to Mexico tomorrow. Who is cleaning / will clean the room after the party? Tom is tired. Perhaps Sandra is helping / will help him with his homework tonight. The film is beginning / begins at 7, so don’t be late. What is Lilly doing tonight? Is she staying / will she stay at home? I don’t know about tomorrow. I think I am visiting / will visit my granny. Reina is leaving / will leave for Thailand tomorrow morning. Two rock bands are playing / will play in the school gym at 6 o’clock tonight. We will go /are going to the movies tonight. We’ve got tickets. They will go / are going away tomorrow morning. Their plane is at 8:30.

D- Underline the correct form. When we are asking about the ‘subject* of a sentence, ‘who* simply replaces the subject at the beginning of the sentence and you put a question mark at the end. Ryan met Davis at the airport. Who met Davis at the airport? When you are asking about the ‘object* of a sentence, the question is formed with an ‘auxiliary verb*. Ryan met Davis at the airport. Who did Ryan meet at the airport? Who did John meet/Who met John last night? He met Alex at the cafeteria. Who helped you / Who did you help with the housework? My brother helped me. Who gave you the flowers / Who did you give the flowers to? I gave them to my mother because it was her birthday. Who called Helen / Who did Helen call in the middle of the night? A strange man called her to tell her that her car was stollen. Who did he invite / Who invited him to the party? He invited all of his friends. It’s going to be a great party. E- Choose the correct ‘question word*. We use ‘which* when we want to choose between two, three or four persons or things (when our choice is limited). ‘Which* is generally used with more specific reference.

Which poet do you like best? Shakespeare or John Done? We use ‘what* when we want to choose among many things. What fruit do you like? ‘‘Which / What colour do you like best, green or purple?” “Which / What is the girl’s name?” “What / Which do you like doing in your free time?” “Which / What country is bigger, Malta or Italy?” “What / Which subject is worse, Maths or Geography?”

I- Fill in with the ‘comparative or superlative’ form of the ‘adjectives’. That boy is really nasty. He is the

(rude) person I’ve ever met.

Why don’t you buy that armchair? It looks (comfortable) than this one.

I’m in love with Dolly. Isn’t she the (pretty) girl in town? Our team manager believes in us. He thinks we are the (good) school team. I’m not getting in Danny’s car ever again. He’s the

(careless) driver I’ve

ever seen. Those shoes are too small for you.You should buy a

(big) size.

Don’t you think you need to be (nice) to older people, Sam? You’re so rude! J- Choose the correct form. This exercise is very simply / simple. You don’t need my help. Remember! Do the test slow / slowly and careful / carefully. He is a good / well person. He wouldn’t harm anybody. Can you speak louder / more loudly, please? We can’t hear you at the back. Garcia opened the door angry / angrily and walked quickly / quick to the manager’s office. The cat must be very hungry / hungrily. Look how hungry / hungrily it’s drinking its milk. I love this painting. Have you seen a more beautiful / more beautifully picture of a rough sea? K- Use the prompts to make sentences in the 'comparative or superlative1 form. e.g. 1. John / good / student / class - John is the best student in the class. 2. Maths / difficult / Geography

Look ! Walk on the path. Can’t you see that notice? It says ’Keep A: Why haven’t you given

your homework?

B: I can’t do it because someone has torn the page A: What’s going here? B: I’ve lost my key. I can’t gej A: I thought you were a burglar trying to break A: What time does your plane take

tomorrow?

B: I’m not leaving until Sunday.They’ve put

the meeting until next week.

H- Choose the correct words to make meaningful sentences. bring up - cut down - do up - pull down - give up - turn down - make up - write down e.g. 1. Bob and Susan are bringing their children up very sensibly. Andrew, your CD player is too loud. Rose, this isn’t true. You mustn’t Bob is sad when people And Susan is upset because the neighbours have Andrew, don’t go round with your coat undone. I’m too fat. I’m going to I’ve got a terrible memory. I must

Tina / swim / fast / her friends Their house / modern / neighbourhood Monday / Emma’s / bad / day Edward / study / hard / his sister Mum’s cheese pie / tasty / mine

L- Fill in the blanks with 'question tags’. She will come to the party, Luke doesn’t know anything about the accident, You posted the letter two hours ago, They weren’t at home last night, The dog can stand on two legs, We aren’t taking a test now, I have finally finished this exercise, You wouldn’t want to invite my dad, Nobody will come,

?

Just help yourself, ? M- Add the suitable 'adjective’ after the verb ‘GET’. cool - tired - hot - old - dark - interested - hungry It’s getting . Shall we turn off the heating? By the time they reached the house, they were getting I’m getting of all this nonsense. My mother’s getting

and needs looking after.

It gets very early in winter. Don’t touch the stove until it gets

.

I got in photography when I was ten. N- Add the suitable 'preposition’ after the verb ‘GET’. on - up - to - back

He got

his bicycle and rode down the street.

He gets

at 6.00 a.m. every morning.

We got

London around 6 p.m.

When did you get from New York? 1 like salt

soup but not too much.

John is

the hospital.

I’m going to my cousin’s house How much sugar do you put We get

We live

your coffee?

the bus every morning

The meeting is

Tuesday

Saturday.

seven and go to school.

nine the morning.

a small city the North Eastern part of the country.

They went fishing the lake. There is a lot of life

the bottom of the sea.

10. Where is Joe? Joe’s the post office. We are sitting

a table

some comfortable chairs.

P- Fill in the gaps using the ‘Present Perfect’ form of the verbs given in brackets. Ariel is a very interesting young woman. She is only 18, but she

(write) a

story for children. She started selling it last year. Thousands of children (buy) the book since then. Right now, she isn’t home. She1 (go) on a trip to Moscow. She

(see) so many interesting things. Now her sister, Claire (come)

to visit me. We

(do) a lot of things together. We

(buy) lots of

clothes. Today, I found a jacket for Ariel, but Claire says she (already / one. Q- Choose the correct answer.

get)

V- Choose the correct answer. Would you like to at my new painting? a. taking a look b. take a look c. take a looking d. take looks To get toTaksim, you have to the 59 A. a. take

b.tookc. taking

d. takes

When I retire as the head of the company, Mr. Tsai is going to take a. on b. over

c. in d. out

My trousers are too tight. I think I need to take them a. up b. down

.

.

c. in d. out

I need a new hobby. Maybe I’ll take stamp collecting. a. up b. down

c. around

d. all

I tried to sell my car for months, but there were no . a. taking

b. took

c. taken

d.

takers

I’m too busy right now. I can’t take more work. a. in b. up c. off d. on They my photos in a studio. a. take

b.tookc. taking

d. taken

When the supervisor arrived at the construction site, the workers were break. a. take It

b.tookc. taking

d. taken

three days for us to paint the entire house.

a. take

b.tookc. taking

d. taken

a

X- Fill in the blanks using ‘adverbial clauses of contrast’. I like my flat a lot. It is quite small. I like my flat a lot altough it is quite small. He managed to escape. Four men tried to catch him. That restaurant is very expensive. It’s always full. He failed the test studying hard. the fact that it was raining heavily, he went out without an umbrella. She walked home alone in spite of

that she knew that it was dangerous.

he is right, he should apologize. Y- Choose the appropriate ‘relative pronoun / adverb’. John is a boy a. when

studies hard every day.

b. which

c.who

This is the bicycle I used to ride. a. whom

b. whose

c. which

remember the time I fell and broke my arm. a. where

b. when

c. which

The reason he is happy is that he has just passed his exams. a. why

b.

which c. when

Where is the bread I bought this morning? a. who

b.

-

c. that

A doctor

patients trust him has great responsibility.

a. when

b. which

c. whose

262 Revision 4

PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES

PREFIXES a- not, without: amoral ambi- both: ambiguity ante- in front of: anteroom; before, previous to: antenatal anti- I opposite, against: antisocial 2 instead of: anti- hero aut(o)- I of oneself: autobiography 2 without help, independent of others: automatic bi- I occurring twice in one period: bi-monthly, 2 occurring once in a period of two: biennial 3 having two: bilingual cent(i)- a hundred, a hundredth part: centigrade, circum- around: circumnavigate co- / col- together, jointly, equally: co-operate, com- / cor- in opposition to: compare, correspond con- with; together: context contra- against, opposite to: contradict counter- against; opposite: counterproductive de- down, out, reverse, opposite of: defrost deca- ten: decathlon deci- one tenth: decilitre demi- half: dem/-god

dis- the negative, reverse, opposite of: disbelieve, disagree e- / ex- I out, out of, from: extract 2 former, at one time: ex-wife extra- outside, beyond, especially: extraterrestrial fore- before, in front of: foretell, foreground hemi- half: hemisphere hexa- six: hexagon hyper- beyond, extreme: hypersensitive il-, im-, in-, ir- I in, on: intake, imprint 2 not: infinite, illicit, immoral, irrelevant inter- between, from one to another: international kilo- thousand: kilogram macrolarge: macrocosm mal- bad, badly: malcontent maxi- most; very large: maximum mega- I large: megalith 2 one million: megaton micro- I small: microfilm 2 of examining or reproducing small quantities: microscope mid- in the middle of: mid-afternoon, midair milli- a thousandth part of: milligram, millimeter minismall: miniskirt, mini-series mis- bad, wrong, not: mistrust mono- one, a single: monotone multi- many: multistage, multi
sub- I under: subway 2 secondary, lower in rank: sub-species 3 not quite: subtropical 4 secondary repetition: subdivide super- I above, over: superimpose 2 superior to, more than: supernatural syn- with, at the same time: synchronic tele- of linking across distances: telepathy, television trans- I across: transatlantic 2 to a changed state: transform tri- three: triangle ultra- beyond, to excess: ultraviolet un- I not: unable 2 negative, reverse, opposite of: unpack under- not enough: underestimate vice- deputy: Vice-President uni- one, the same: uniform SUFFIXES noun suffixes -age (to make a noun) a process or state: sabotage -al used to make noun from a verb: renewal, arrival -ance, -ence (to make nouns) an action, process or state: acceptance, confidence -ant, -ent (to make nouns) a person who does sth: assistant student -ation a state or action: examination, imagination, organization -dom (to make a noun) a condition, state; domain: freedom, kingdom, officialdom

-ee I person affected by the action of the verb: employee 2 person acting: refugee -er I person who carries out the action of the verb: runner, employer 2 person who practises sth: philosopher -ese in style of: journalese -ess female: lioness, actress -ful amount that fills: handful, mouthful -hood status, rank, condition of life: childhood, brotherhood

-ian (to make nouns) a person who does sth as a job or hobby: historian -ie pet name or familiar name: Susie -ing (gerund): talking, thinking -ion / -sion / -tion a state or process: addiction, conclusion, introduction -ism (to make a noun) I showing qualities typical of: heroism 2 specific doctrine, principle or movement: materialism, Buddhism -ist (to make a noun) I a person who has studied sth or does sth as a job: artist industrialist 2 a person who believes in sth or belongs to a particular group: enwronmerita/fst -ment result or means of an action: entertainment government -ness a quality, state, character: greatness, kindness -ology the study of a subject: biology, psychology, zoology -or sb/sth that carries out the action of the verb: translator, elevator -osis (to make a noun) a process, change: hypnosis, diagnosis -ship I state of being, status, office: friendship, relationship 2 skill, proficiency as: scholarship -ure (to make a noun) act, process, condition: failure -y pet name or familiar name: daddy verb suffixes -en to give sth a particular quality; to make sth more: shorten, widen, blacken -ate activate, domesticate "(i)fy» (i)f*,ec* make into, cause to be, bring to a state of: pacify, terrify, purify ize, -ise I cause to be, make, like, change into: computerize, dramatize, sterilize 2 act with the qualities of: criticize, deputize

-able, ible I showing qualities of: fashionable, responsible 2 that can be, fit to be: eatable, sensible. -al (to make adjectives) connected with: magical, verbal -ant, -ent significant prudent -ary complimentary -ed, -d having the characteristics of: talented,

-er used to form the comparative of an adjective: smaller, longer -ese of a^place or a country: Chinese,Japanese -est used to form the superlative of an adj or adv: smallest longest -ful full of, having the quality of: faithful, peaceful -ian (proper n + - = n or adj): Shakespearian -ier (n + - = comparative form of an adj) dustier -iest (n + - = superlative form of an adj) dustiest -ic poetic, enigmatic, romantic, democratic ical practical, musical -ing used to form present participle: running (water) -ish I Irish 2 resembling, in the manner of: childish 3 somewhat, near to: greenish, fifty ish -ive having a tendency towards, quality of: active, protective -less without: treeless, spiritless -like resembling, in the manner of: childlike -ly I having the qualities of: nightly, scholarly 2 regular occurrence: hourly, yearly mental related to:governmental -ory sensory, satisfactory -ous having a particular quality: adventurous, poisonous, ambitious -some likely to, productive of: quarrelsome, handsome, lonesome -ward in the direction of: backward, eastward, homeward -worthy deserving of: trustworthy -y having the quality of the thing mentioned: salty, rainy, dusty, bushy; adverb suffixes -er used to form the comparative form an adverb: harder, faster -est used to form the superlative form an adverb: hardest, fastest -ably, -ibly in the manner of the adj mentioned: fashionably, sensibly -ly, -ally, -ically, -ily in the manner of the adj: happily, stupidly -ward(s) backwards -wise in the manner of: crosswise

NATIONALITIES Country Afghanistan [ffifgaemstcnn, US -stain] (Afganistan) Albania [ael'beinio] (Amavutluk) Algeria [ael^isria, US -'d3ir-] (Cezayir) Argentina [,aid33n'ti:n3, US ta:r-] (Arjantin) Armenia [ai'miinte, US air-] (Ermenistan) Australia [o'stroilte, US o:-] (Avustralya) Austria ['ostote, US ’o:s-] (Avusturya) Azerbaijan ^aezsbai^ain, US -zsr-] (Azerbaycan) Bangladesh [,baeggb'dej] (Banglade?) Belgium ['beld33m] (Belpka) Bolivia [bo'livis] (Bolivya) Bosnia and Herzegovina [,bDzni3 and ^sitssgo'viino] (Bosna Hersek) Brazil [brs'zil] (Brezilya) Bulgaria [bAl'gesris, US -'ger-] (Bulgaristan) Canada ['kasnsds] (Kanada) China ['tjaino] (Cin) Colombia [ks'lAmbis] (Kolombiya) Croatia [krsu'eijs,* US krou-] (Hirvatistan) Cuba [‘kjuibs] (Kuba) Cyprus ['saiprss] (Kibris)

Czech Republic [,tfek ri'pAblik] <£ek Cumhuriyeti) Denmark’['denmaik, US -mairk] (Dammarka) Egypt [’i:d3ipt] (Misir) England [‘ujgtend] (tngiltere) Ethiopia [piOi'supte, US -'ou-] (Etiyopya) Finland [’fintend] (Finlandiya) France [frains, US fraens] (Fransa) Germany [ d33im3ni, CZ-S 'd33:r-] (Almanya) Great Britain ['greit 'britsn] (Bfiyuk Britanya) Greece [griis] (Yunanistan) Hungary ['hAijgsri] (Macaristan) Iceland [‘aistend] (Izlanda) India ['indte] (Hindistan) Indonesia [^nda'ni^a, Br also -zi3, US -33, -Js] (Endonezya) Iran (Train, I'raen] (Iran) Iraq [I'raik, I'raek] (Irak) Ireland ['distend] (irlanda) Israel [’izreil] (israil)

Adjective Afghan

['aefgaen],

Afghani

[aef.gsem'staini, t/S-staeni] Albanian [ael'beinten]

[asfgaini,

US

aefgaeni],

Afghanistani

Algerian [ael'dsisrisn, US -'d3ir-] Argentinian [^^sn'tinisn, US ,a:rd3-], Argentine Armenian [ai'miinisn, US air-] Australian [o'stroilisn, US 31-] Austrian [‘ostrten, US 'ois-] Azerbaijani [.aszsbai'dsaini, US -zsr-], Azeri [s'zesri] Bangladeshi ^basqgls'deji] Belgian ['belc^dn] Bolivian [ba'livten] Bosnian ['bDznten, US 'ba:z-, ‘boiz-J Brazilian [brs'zilisn] Bulgarian [bAl'gesrisn, US -lger-] Canadian [ks'neidisn] Chinese [tfai'niiz] Colombian [ko'lAmbten] Croatian [krsu'eijsn, US krou-] Cuban [‘kjuibsn] Cypriot ['siprtet] Czech [tfek] Danish ['deinij], Dane [dein] Egyptian [i^ipjdn] English [’igglij], sing Englishman / Englishwoman

['igglijmsn ,wum3n],/?/ Englishmen ['iqglijmsn] Ethiopian [piBi'supion, US ou-] Finnish ['finif], Finn [fin] French [frentfl, sing Frenchman Frenchwoman ['frentJmonjwomsn]. pi Frenchmen German ['c^imon, US 'd33ir-] British [‘britij], Briton ['britsn] US Britisher ['britijo, US -sr] Greek [griik] Hungarian [hAq'georten, US- ger-] Icelandic [ais'laendik], Icelander ['aislsndo, US -dor] Indian [’indisn] Indonesian [^ndo'ni^on, Br also -zisn, US -33n, -Jon] Iranian [I'remten] Iraqi [draiki, I'raeki] Irish ['airij*] Israeli [iz'reili]

Adjective Italian [I'tselion] Jamaican ^s'meiksn] Japanese [^aeps'niiz] Jordanian jc^Di'deinten, US d33ir-] North Korean [,no:0 ks'risn, US ,no:r0-] South Korean [,sau0 ks'rion]

Luxembourg; Luxembourger [‘lAks3mb3ig3, US -b3irg3rl Mexican [’meksiksn] Moroccan [ms'roksn, US -’ra:-] Nepalese ^neps'liiz] Dutch [dAtJ], sing Dutchman Dutchwoman ['dAtJmsn ,wum3n],p/ Dutchmen [’dAtJmsn] New Zealand, New Zealander [,nju: 'ziilsnds, US ,nu: -ar] , , Nigerian [nai d3i3risn, US - d3ir-] Norwegian [n3:'wi:d33n, US noir-] Pakistani [^aiki'staini, CZS (paeki'staeni] Polish ['psulif, US1 pou-], Pole [psul, US poul] Portuguese [lpo:tj‘u,gi:z, US ,po:r-] Rumanian [ru'meinisn] Russian ['rAjsn], Russian Federation [,rAj*3n feds'reijsn] Rwandan [ru‘aend3n] Saudi [’saudi], Saudi Arabian [,saudi s'reibisn] Singaporean [^iqs'poirisn, ,sigg3-] South African [,sau0 ’aefriksn] Spanish ['spaenij], Spaniard ['spsnisd, US -njsrd] Swedish ['swiidij], Swede [swiid] Swiss [swis]

Syrian [’sirisn] Thai [tai] Tunisian [tjui'nizisn, US mu tui'ni^sn] Turkish ['t3:kij, US ’tairkij], Turk [t3ik, U5t3:rk] Ukrainian [jui'kreinian] Emirian [e'misrisn, US e'mir-] British [’britij], Briton [’britsn] American [s'meriksn] Venezuelan ^vens'zweitan] Yugoslavian [ juigsu'slaivisn, US 'juigou-], Yugoslav [juigsuslaiv, US 'juigou-] MEASURES AND UNITS LINEAR MEASURE METRIC BRITISH & USA BASE UNIT: metre (m) BASE UNIT: I inch (in) = 2.53995 cm The metre is the length of the path travelled by light in vacuum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second. 1 foot (ft)

= 12 inches = 30.6 cm.s — 91.2 cm.s

= 10 mm

1 yard (yd) = 3 feet

= 10 cm

1 rod = 5.5 yards = 4.924 m.s

= 10 dm

1 chain (ch) = 4 rods

= 10 m

1 furlong

= 10 dam

1 mile(statue)

= 19.696 m.s

= 10 chains = 196.960 m.s = 8 furlongs = 1.575.568 km

= 10 hm

1 league

= 3 miles

= 10 km

1 fathom

= 2 yards

1 nautical mile

= 4.727.040 km.s

= 6080 feet

1 inch = 3 barleycorns

WEIGHT METRIC BRITISH & USA BASE UNIT, kilogram (kg) BASE UNIT: pound (lb) The kilogram is equal to the mass of the international . , prototype of the kilogram.

«o,rdupo,S pound troy pound

FRACTIONS VULGAR FRACTIONS DECIMAL FRACTIONS 7s

an / one eighth

0.125 (nought) point one two five

74

a / one quarter

0.25 ten point two five

7i

a / one half 0.5

(nought) point five

3U

three quarters

0.75 (nought) point seven five

3/s

three eighth 0.375 (nought) point three seven five

6 'li

six and a half

6.5

\03U ten and three quarters

six point five 10.75 ten point seven five

BRITISH I hundredweight (cwt) = 16 quarters I "long" ton = 20 hundred-weights US I “short" hundredweight = 100 pounds I “short" ton

= 20 “short” cwt = 2000

lb Active English 1 Easy to use and comprehensive, Active English 1 is a discourse-based grammar book that gives students a true understanding of the English language and how it works. Active English 1 enables students at the pre-intermediate level to communicate with ease and clarity as they develop a natural sense of how, when, and why English speakers use grammatical structure as they do. Learning is made easy with clear chapter organization, concise charts and level appropriate explanations. Structures are presented with authentic example communicative exercises, so students experience practise language as it occurs in real life.

1. She is a jazz music fen. a. lover

b. freak

c. crazy