7 11

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7.11.06 page 1 Democracy A meaningful definition of democracy must include - collective decision makers selected through fair, honest, periodic eclections - candidated are free to compete for votes - all adults are eligible to vote Dimensions of Democracy - Contestation - Participation - Assumptions o Freedom of speech o Freedom of assembly o Freedom to organize o Citizens can make intelligent choices? Direct vs. Representative Democracy, Part 1 Direct Democracy - Every person may participate directly in the decision­making process - Decisions are not delegated to representatives - Implies active participation by citizens Representative Democracy - citizens delegate decision­making power to people whom they elect to  represent them - representatives are chosen by popular vote. - Regularly scedualed elections required - Free and open elecetions are req - Freedom to politically organize req Resolving the paradox of democracy The potential for tyranny of the majority is limited by: - limiting the power of majorities - balancing majority rule against the principle of individual liberty - resraining the power of the government - protecting personal liberties Ideology - Values, ideas, and beliefs held by individuals and groups of individuals

7.11.06 page 2 -

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Conservative o Individual righs o Reduction of government controls in economics o Big on law and order regulation of social conduct Librals o Strong gov involvement in econiomics o Redistribute wealth for economic equality  o Protection of individual rights o Restraint on gov when it comes to regulation of social conduct

Antidemocratic Ideologies - Fascism / totalitarianism o Supremacy of state or race over individuals

Constitutionalism Framework for organization of government - gov powers - gov institutions - dutied/responsibilies of various branches and officials Power is limited Rule of law The articles of confederation - congress empowered to: o make peace, coin money, appoint army officers, control the post, and  negotiate with native American tribes. - retention of each state’s sovereignty - One vote in the continental congress per state - Nine stated needed to pass any measure - The selection and payment of delegates to congress by their respective state  legislatures Problems with articles - retention of each states sovereignty - one vote in the continental congress per state - nine staes needed

7.11.06 page 3 -

no separate executive branch no national court congress could not regulate interstate commerce

Troubles confronting a new nation - Financial difficulties - Commercial obstacles - Currency problems - Civil disorder: shay’s rebellion Daniel Shays rebellion - Massachusetts (1780) adopted a constitution that appeared to favor the  wealthy. - Property­holding requirements for voting and office holding exclude the lower  and middle classes. Stae the enacted law erq payments of all debts in cash - Outraged, former revolutionary war captian shays gathered 1500 armed man  and marched on the state court to prevent the loos of their farms Constitutional convention - congress 2.21.1787.  called for a constitutional convention in Philadelphia “for  the sole and express purpose of revising the Articles of confederation - issues: big states v. small states’; slavery - closed meetings        Virginia Plan: sovereignty in people not states - 2 house legislature based on population - veto authority over states - single executive chosen by legislature - single term - national judiciary chosen by legislature        New Jersey Plan: - one house (unicameral) with equal representation of each state - legislature power to levy taxes & regulate commerece - plural executive removable by majority of the state legislatures - no national courts

7.11.06 page 4

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