40. Dove 38 1

aqmif;yg;u¾

oH'i kd ;f az trsdK;orD; wef;wla&; v_y±f mS ;r_0g'rSm or±d;k ustawG; tac:awGtm;vH;k udk xd;k azmuf & r,fqdkayrJhvnf; owdjyK&rSmu awmh vpfb&,fvpfZife@J qd±k , S f vpfZifqw kd hJ 0g'}uD; 2 ckay:rSm rl wnf+yD; trsKd ;uGaJ wGe@J wefz;kd xm; r_ r wl n D w mawG jzpf a y:vmyg w,f? Feminism qdw k hJ trsKd ; orD;wef;wla&; v_y&f mS ;r_0g'&Jh vuQ %mawGxrJ mS vl@tzG@J tpnf;wGi;f rSm&Sw d hJ Gender Divisions vd@k ac: wJh vlrb _ 0 usm;-r vuQ%mcGJ jcm;r_ukd t"du OD;pm;ay; qef;ppf avh±Sdwwf=uygw,f? aemuf+yD; 'Dvckd jJG cm;r_awGuv kd nf; or±d;k us r[kwb f J Edik if aH &;tjrife@J =unf+h yD; vlrb _ 0 usm;rvuQ%mcGjJ cm;r_qkd wm usm;eJ@r rwlwhJ vdi2f ck=um; u tm%mqufqaH &;&Jh a&mifjyef [wfra_ wGv@kd ,lq=uygw,f? 'DcJG jcm;r_awG[m b,fu tajccHo vJ/ bma=umifh qufvufvufcH usio hf ;kH ae=uwmvJ/ 'gukd b,fvkd pdeaf c:ausmjf zwf=urvJqw kd mawG udk ar;cGe;f xkwaf vh&+dS y;D Edik if aH &;qdik f

&m qH;k jzwfyg0ifciG ahf wGe@J qufqH a&;yHpk aH wGrmS wd;k jri‡ w hf m0ef,al &; txd yg0ifvmygawmhw,f? 'Dvekd @J or±d;k us Edik if aH &;qdik &f mt"dyg` ,f owfrw S cf suaf wGukd pdeaf c:wmjzpf w,f? txl;ojzifh yk*v ~ u d b0/ wOD;csi;f qdik &f m yk*Kd~ vaf &;/ rdom;pke@J vdifydkif;qdkif&mðyrlqufqHa&;awG qdw k m Edik if aH &;eJ@ trsm;}uD;ouf qdik af ewJt h wGuf Edik if aH &;qdik &f m cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmr_awGvkyfwJhtcgrSm trsdK;orD;-trsKd;om;wef;wla&; qdw k hJ qENoabmxm;awGuykd g t xl; tav;ay;vmygawmhw,f? Feminism qdw k hJ trsKd ;orD;wef;wl a&;v_y±f mS ;r_0g'rSm


trsm;qdkifESifh yk*~vdu wOD;csi;f qdik f cGjJ cm;r_ The Public/Private Divide




a,musmf ;}u;D pd;k r_ (zd0k g') Patriarchy




obm0 vdiv f uQ%meJ@ vl r _ b 0vd i f v uQ % m Sex and Gender




wef ; wl n D r #a&;ES i f h rwlncD surf sm; Equality

26

Dovejune2006.pmd

26

7/8/2006, 4:31 PM

and Difference

qdkwJh t"du r¾dKif}uD; (4)ck&dS ygw,f? trsm;qdkifESifh yk*~vdu wOD;csi;f qdik f cGjJ cm;r_ The Public/ Private Divide

tpdk;&tkyfcsKyfa&;Xme awG/ Edik if aH &;ygwaD wG/ twdu k t f cH tkypf ak wGe@J trsm;jynfoq l ikd &f m tajctwif aqG;aEG;jiif;ckrH p_ wJh vl trsm;eJ@qikd w f hJ e,fy,fawGukd Edik if H a&;qd+k yD; or±d;k us em;vnfwwf =uygw,f? yk*~vdub0eJ@qdkifwJh e,fy,fawGukd Edik if aH &;qd+k yD; pOf; pm;wwfwmrsKd ;u tawmhu f kd &Sm; =uygw,f? rdom;pkb0eJ@ yk*K~ vdu wOD;eJ@wOD; qufqaH &;awGuakd wmh wOD;csif;qdkif&m e,fy,ftjzpf owfrw S +f yD; Edik if aH &;eJ@rqdik b f ;l vd@k qdk=uygawmhw,f? 'gayrJhvnf; vlom;awG&v hJ rl b _ 0 tpdwt f ydik ;f wdkif;rSm EdkifiHa&;qdkwm&SdygowJh? tpd;k &tkycf sKyfa&;qdik &f mawG 'grrS [kwf tjcm;aom trsm;jynfol qdik &f mtzG@J tpnf;awGuo kd m Edik if H a&;vdk@ owfrSwfvdk@r&Edkifygbl;? vlry_ ÉdyuQawG&w dS hJ ae&mwdik ;f rSm Edik if aH &;qdw k m &Syd gw,f? rD;vuf (Millet)u Edi k if aH &;udk t"dyg` ,zf iG hf xm;wmu vltyk pf w k ckukd tjcm; tkypf w k cku xdr;f csKyfz@kd pDraH qmif &GufwJh tm%mtajccHqufqH a&;vd@k qykd gw,f? tpd;k &eJ@ jynfol vlx=k um; qufqaH &;udk Edik if aH &; vd@k vufcEH ikd pf rG ;f &S=d uovdk vkyif ef; cGiw f cktwGi;f u tvky&f iS ef @J t vkyo f rm;=um;/ rdom;pktwGi;f u cifyeG ;f eJ@ ZeD;=um;/ rdbeJ@ om;orD;

“Ed k i f i H a &;ud k t"d ` g,f z G i f h w m[m wwfodynm&SifawG&Jh e,fy,fvdk@ owfrSwf xm;vdk@ r&ygbl;? vl@ tzGJ@tpnf;wckvHk;rSm vdifydkif;tajccHtvkyf cGJjcm;r_awG jzpfay:ae wmudk EdkifiHa&;taeeJ@ xnfh rpOf;pm;=ubJ obm0 taetxm; a=umif h jzpf w mygvd k @ om em;vnfxm;r,f qd k & if a wmh vd i f y d k i f ; qd k i f & m rnD r #r_ a wG jzpf a ewmud k quf vuf x d r f ; od r f ; um uG , f a y;vd k u f o vd k jzpfaeygw,f”

=um; qufqaH &;awGrmS vnf; Edik if H a&;&Sdw,fvdk@ qdk&rSmjzpfygw,f? EdkifiHa&;udk t"dy`g,fzGifhwm[m wwfoyd nm±Siaf wG&hJ e,fy,fv@kd owfrw S x f m;vd@k r&ygb;l ? vl@tzG@J tpnf;wckv;kH rSm vdiyf ikd ;f tajccH tvkycf jJG cm;r_awG jzpfay:aewmudk Edik if aH &;taeeJ@ xnfrh pOf;pm;=ubJ obm0taetxm;a=umifhjzpf wmygv@kd om em;vnfxm;r,fqkd &ifawmh vdifydkif;qdkif&m rnDr#r_ awGjzpfaewmudk qufvuf xdr;f odr;f umuG,af y;vdu k o f vdk jzpfae ygw,f? 'Dupd eP @J ygwo f uf+y;D *sib f D t,fpwde;f (Jean B. Elshtain)u J trsm;qdik af ,musmf ;/ yk*v ~ u d qdik f rde;f r Public Man, Private Woman qdw k hJ pmwrf;xJrmS tus,f w0ifh rD;armif;xd;k jycJyh gw,f? t pOftvmt& trsdK;orD;awGu awmh jyifytvkyaf wGe@J rywfouf wJh rdom;pkb0eJ@ tdrw f iG ;f wm0ef awGrmS ta&;}uD;w,fq+kd yD; uef@ owfxm;cHxm;&pOfrmS vltrsm;eJ@ yg0ifygwo f ufwhJ v_y&f mS ;r_awG/ Edik f iHa&;qdik &f m e,fy,fawG/ pmayeJ@ tEkynmqdik &f mqdw k mawGukd t rsK;d om;awGtwGuf oD;oef@owf rSwx f m;ovdjk zpfaeygw,f? trsK;d orD;awGukd tdraf xmifxrd ;f odr;f a&;eJ@ rdcifqw kd hJ yk*v ~ u d wOD;csi;f qdik &f m tcef;¾wm0efe@J csKyx f m; vdu k o f vdjk zpfaewJt h wGuf aemuf qufwGJ&vm'fuawmh EdkifiHa&; e,fy,fuae z,f±mS ;cHvu kd &f jcif; ygb?J 'ga=umifh trsKd ;orD;wef; wla&; v_y±f mS ;olawG[m trsm;

27

Dovejune2006.pmd

27

7/8/2006, 4:31 PM

qdik af ,musmf ;eJ@ yk*v ~ u d qdik f rde;f r qdw k hJ cGjJ cm;r_ukd ±du k cf sK;d zd@k óud;pm; =u&ygawmhw,f? 'gayrJv h nf; ol wd@k awG=um;rSm trsm;qdik ef @J yk*v ~ d uqdik q f w kd hJ ESpcf =k um;rSm&Sw d hJ pnf; jcm;csuu f kd b,fypkH rH sK;d eJ@ z,f±mS ; =ur,f/ bma=umifh z,fSm;ypf& r,fqw kd hJ tay:rSmawmh oabm xm;uGv J rJG a_ wG tpOft+rJóuHawG@ wwfygw,f? usO;f =uyfvw S hJ tdrf wGif;eJ@ rdom;pkqdkif&mudk,fa&; ud, k w f mudpaP wGukd azmufxu G f ypfatmifvyk Ef ikd rf o S m vGwaf jrmuf r,fvdk@ wcsdK@olawGu ,lqyg w,f? 'ga=umifh ynmavhvmcGi/hf tvkyv f yk yf ikd cf iG ehf @J trsm;eJ@ ygwf oufwhJ v_y&f mS ;r_awGrmS yg0ifciG phf wJh trsm;qdik &f m e,fy,fawGrmS trsKd ;orD;awG[m trsKd ;om;awGe@J twl wef;wlcpH m;&,lyikd cf iG &hf adS &;qdk +y;D trsKd ;orD; vGwaf jrmufa&;v_yf &Sm;r_ukd t"dyg` ,af umuf,yl gw,f? yk*~vduqdkif&mwm0ef awGxu J tcsKd @ (od@k r[kw)f tm;vH;k udk Edik if aH wmf (od@k r[kw)f trsm; jynf olqikd f tzG@J tpnf;awGqu D kd v$t J yfxm;vdu k rf o S m vGwaf jrmuf atmifvyk Ef ikd rf mS ygv@kd ,H=k unfae wJholrsm;vnf; &Sdygw,f? Oyrm rdom;pkawGtwGuf tpdk;&vlr_ axmufyahH &;p&dwaf wGukd ydrk w kd ;kd jri‡ hf ay;jcif; (od@k r[kw)f tvkycf iG af wG xJrmS uav;ðypkapmifah ±SmufwhJ a* [m/ uav;xde;f XmeawG xm;ay; jcif;jzifh uav;ðypkapmifha±Smuf xde;f a=umif;r_ 0efxw k 0f efy;kd awGukd aygah tmifvyk yf pfEikd w f ,fv@kd olw@kd u ,l q ygw,f ? uav;xd e f ;

a=umif;r_tm;vHk;udk vl@tzGJ@t pnf;wm0eftjzpf v$aJ jymif;jcif;vd@k qdEk ikd yf gw,f? tpPa&;Edik if u H upf bwfZpf epf (Kibbutz System) yHpk H rsKd ;udq k v kd w kd mjzpfygw,f? 'gayrJv h nf; 'kw, d v_id ;f (Second Wave)trsKd ;orD; wef;wl a&;v_y±f mS ;olawGe@J yxrv_id ;f v_yf ±Sm;olawG=um; uGmjcm;oGm;wJt h csufawGuawmh EdkifiHa&;qdkwm tdrrf u _ pd aP wGe@J rygwo f ufb;l qdk wJt h csuu f kd jiif;y,fvu kd jf cif;jzpf ovdk yk*v ~ u d wOD;qdik u f pd q P w kd m [m Edik if aH &;jzpfw,fqw kd hJ aºuG; ausmo f u H kd t±Sed jf rifjh cif;vd@k ajym& ygr,f? vlrb _ 0 rsuEf mS aygi;f pHek @J ae &mtawmfrsm;rsm;rSm trsKd ;orD; rsm; zdEydS cf x H m;&r_[m rdom;pkyikd ;f qdik &f mu tajccHwmjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh vuf±dS trsKd ;orD;wef;wl a&; v_y±f mS ;olawGtaeeJ@ ae@w"l0 aexdik rf a_ wGxu J kd eufeuf±id_ ;f ±_id ;f avhvmqef;ppf tuJjzwf=uyg awmhw,f? 'gukd or±d;k us vlrb _ 0 Edik if aH &; (the politics of everyday life) qd+k yD; trnfwyfygw,f? u av;awGukd a,musmf ; - rde;f rt cef;u¾awGukd vufczH @kd vlro _ bm0vuQ%mawGtjzpf ,Ofyg; atmif aqmif&u G w f hJ jzpfpOfawG txdyg0ifygw,f? rdom;pktwGi;f u tdrfr_tvkyfawGudk cGJa0jcif;/ vlwOD;csi;f qdik f Edik if aH &;eJ@ vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m em;vnfvufc, H =kH unfr_ awGuv kd nf; tav;ay;tuJjzwf =uygw,f? a,musmf ;}u;D pd;k r_ (zd0k g') (Patriarchy)

vlr@_ tqift h wef;/ vlrsKd ; (od@k r[kw)f bmoma&; pwJt h ajc cHay:rSm cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;wdk@wGif awG@&ouJo h @kd vlrb _ 0 usm;rvuQ %mcGjJ cm;qufqrH q _ w kd muvnf; vlrb _ 0qdik &f m uGm[csuaf wGukd odoo d mom jzpfay:apygw,f? vl r_b0 cGjJ cm;r_awG avhvmjcif;qdk wm Edik if aH &;xufy+kd y;D ta&;}u;D o vdk teuf±_dif;qHk;jzpfw,fqdk+yD; tcsKd @u av;av;eufeuf aumuf csufcsygw,f? 'ga=umifh qdk±S,f vpfawGu vlwef;pm; tajccHEikd if H a&; tawG;tac:udk wifjycJ=h uo vdk vdiyf ikd ;f tajccHEikd if aH &; oDt&kd D wckukd trsKd ;orD;wef;wla&; v_yf &Sm;olawGu azmfxkwfcJhygw,f? usm;rcGjJ cm;qufqjH cif; (Sexism) [mvnf; zdEydS rf y_ pkH w H ck jzpfaewJh twGuf vlrsKd ;a&;cGjJ cm;r_ od@k r[kwf vlrsKd ;a&;zdEydS rf _ (racism or racial oppression) eJ@ E_i d ;f ,Of+yD; csed x f ;kd pOf;pm;=uygw,f? or±d;k us Edik if H a&; oDt&kd aD wGrmS awmh yHrk eS t f m; jzifh vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m zdEydS rf u _ kd tav; ay;avhr&So d nft h jyif ‘*si'f g’qdw k hJ vlrb _ 0 usm;-r vuQ%m owf rSwcf suaf wGqw kd m Edik if aH &;rSm t a&;}uD;wJh tcef;u¾wcktaeeJ@ todtrSwðf ycJygw,f? 'ga=umifh vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m rnDr#ra_ wGe@J zdEydS f r_awGtay:rSm tajcwnfxm;wJh vl@tzG@J tpnf;eJ@ ygwo f ufwhJ t awG;tac: tdik 'f , D mawGukd csjy xm;wJh oDt&kd t D opfawGukd azmf xkwzf @kd óud;pm;cJyh gw,f? tJ't D xJrmS trsKd ;om; awGe@J trsKd ;orD;awG=um;u tm

28

Dovejune2006.pmd

28

7/8/2006, 4:31 PM

%mqufqaH &;udk &Si;f vif;wJh t xJrmS a,musmf ;}uD;pd;k r_ - zd0k g' t,ltqudk udk;um;ajymqdkyg w,f? bmomaA't& tztkypf ;kd jcif;qdw k hJ zd0k g'udk tedrq hf ;kH tqifh rdom;pkwnfaqmufry_ pkH t H xd tp aumufjyef=unfrh ,fq&kd if rdom; pkxrJ mS vifa,musmf ; (od@k r[kw)f zcifu qH;k jzwfyikd cf iG t hf m%m t ºuGi;f rJ&h ,lxm;+yD; tdraf xmif&iS f rde;f reJ@ om;orD;tm;vH;k [m vuf atmufcjH zpfw,fqw kd hJ t"dyg` ,u f kd n$e;f qdak eygw,f? wenf;tm;jzifh 'Dvekd @J vlrt _ zG@J tpnf;xJrmS us,f us,fjyefjyef@ usm;-r vuQ%m owfrw S cf suaf wG xGuaf y:vm+yD; ynma&;/ vkyif ef;cGief @J Edik if eH ,fy,f pwJh tjcm;vlr_b0e,fy,ftm; vH;k rSmyg a,musmf ;}uD;pd;k r_ukd yHpk H oGi;f cHvu kd &f ovdk jzpfomG ;ygawmh w,f? 'ga=umifh zd0k g'qdw k m rdom; pke@J rdom;pkjyifyrSmyg trsKd ;om;rsm; u tkycf sKyjf cif;qd+k y;D ajym&rvdyk gb?J 'gukd vlO;D a&&Jh xuf0ufjzpfwhJ t rsdK;orD;(r)awG[m tjcm;xuf 0ufjzpfwhJ trsKd ;om;(usm;)awG&hJ txdrf;csKyfcHjzpfae&wmudk ‘rD; vuf’u trsKd ;om;rsm; tkycf sKyf xm;wJh vl@tzG@J tpnf;qd+k yD; t"d y`g,zf iG yhf gw,f? trsKd ;om;u trsKd ; orD;udk v$r;f rd;k Edik jf cif;eJ@ touf}u;D trsKd ;om;u toufi,fol v$r;f rd;k ydik cf iG q hf w kd hJ tajccHoabm(2)ck&dS w,fq+kd yD; zd0k g'tay:rSm olru aumufcsufcsygw,f? 'ga=umifh }uD;pOfi,fvdkuf t±dktaoay;& ovdk vdifydkif;qdkif&mrSmeJ@ vuf atmufi,fom;tay:rSm zdEydS rf q _ kd

wJhvuQ%mawGeJ@ yHkazmfxm;wJh vl@tzG@J tpnf;udk zd0k g'}u;D pd;k wJh vl@ tzG@J tpnf;vd@k owfrw S &f ygr,f? zdk 0g't,ltq[mvnf; tifrwef us,f0ef;ygw,f? trsdK;om;awG [m vl‹tzG@J tpnf;&Jh ae&mtm; vH;k rSm trsKd ;orD;awGtay: v$r;f rd;k xm;w,fv@kd trsKd ;orD;wef;wla&; v_ y f & S m ;ol a wG u ,l q wwf y g w,f? 'gayrJv h nf; zdEydS rf y_ pkH eH @J t wdkif;twmawGuawmh rwlwJh ,Ofaus;r_e@J tcsed u f mveJ@twl xifxif&mS ;&Sm;ajymif;vJomG ;+yDqkd wmudak wmh vufc=H u&ygr,f? rJ ay;ydkifcGifh &&Sdjcif;/ ynma&;wGif us,fus,fjyef@jyef@ cHpm;Edkifjcif;/ vufxyfxrd ;f jrm;r_ ajymif;vJvm jcif;/ uGm&Si;f cGihf Oya'/ Oya't& w&m;0if oaE
awGudk blrdaA'±kyfºuGif;awGeJ@ axmufjyygw,f? 'gayrJh 'Dtcsuf wckwnf;eJ@awmh trsdK;orD;awG [m trsKd ;om;awGtay: v$r;f rd;k cJh zl;w,f (od@k r[kw)f wef;wl&nfwl aexdkifcJh=uw,fqdkwJhtcsufudk oufaorxlEdkifygbl;? 'ga=umifh vl@tzGJ@tpnf;udk trsdK;orD;awG }uD;pdk;cJh=uw,fqdkwJh tcdkiftrm axmufjyEdik w f hJ tcsuq f w kd m&Sm azGae=uwm[m b,fvrkd S rjzpfEikd f ygb;l ? qENwck pdwu f ;l ,Ofrw _ ck qd+k y;D jyefvnfjiif;qeforl sm;vnf; &Syd gw,f? 'gq&kd if acwfumvw av#mufv;kH eJ@ ordik ;f qdik &f m vl@tzG@J pnf;awGtm;vH;k rSm a,musmf ;}u;D pd;k r_om&Sw d ,fq+kd yD; ,lqvdu k =f u tH;k awmh trsKd ;om;v$r;f rd;k r_qw kd m obm0a=umifh 'grrS [kwf tajccH w&m; wckcak =umifq h w kd t hJ csuu f kd vnf; tcdik t f rm oufaoxkwjf y zd@k vdw k ,fq+kd yD; jyefvnfacsy=uyg w,f? 'Fv d ekd @J trsKd ;om;v$r;f rd;k r_ udk pdeaf c:zsuo f rd ;f ypfz@kd ,E &W m;jzpf ay:vmr_&hJ tajccHta=umif;awGe@J qufvufwnf&rdS a_ wGtay: em; vnfoabmayguzf @kd óud;pm;=uyg awmhw,f? trsKd ;om;v$r;f rd;k r_qkd wmuvnf; rwlnDwJhtaet xm;awGeJ@ vlr_taqmufttHk awGtm;vHk;rSm jzpfwnfaewJht wGuf 'guekd m;vnfz@kd avhvm&wm [m tifrwefcufcyJ gw,f? Oyrm or±d;k us rdom;pk yHpk aH wGxrJ mS eJ@ vlr_p±dkuf yHkazmf=uwJhjzpfpOfrSm trsKd ;orD;awGqw kd m rdcifrsm;/ tdrf axmif±iS rf sm;/ Edik if aH &; - vkyif ef;cGif

29

Dovejune2006.pmd

29

7/8/2006, 4:31 PM

- toufarG;0rf;a=umif;r_e@J trsm; jynfoq l ikd &f m e,fy,fawGrmS t qifeh rd +hf y;D ud, k pf m;ðy yg0if=u&jcif; qdw k hJ yHak oum;us yHpk o H iG ;f wJh ,Of aus;r_rsKd ; jzpfvmwmuawmh t xift&Sm;ygb?J 'ga=umifh trsKd ;orD;v_yf &Sm;r_awG=um;rSm trsKd ;om;v$r;f rd;k r_ukd axmifw h ckwnf; 'grrS [kwf or±d;k us qef;ppfavhvmwmrsKd ; vkyv f @kd rjzpfEikd af wmhygb;l ? tcsdK@u 'Dvdkjzpf&wm [m rdom;pktwGif;eJ@ vlr_b0 usm;r vuQ%m yHpk o H iG ;f jzpfpOft ay:rSm jrpfzsm;cH=uvdk@qdk+yD; ,Hk =unf=uovdk ynma&;wd;k wufr_ eJ@ tvkyv f yk yf ikd cf iG hf tcGit hf a&;awG ydrk v kd rf;zGiahf y; vkyaf qmifay;jcif; jzifh tckvkd rnDr#ra_ wGukd jyKjyif ajymif;vJypfEdkifygw,fqdk+yD; ,Hk =unfoal wGvnf;±Syd gw,f? pD;yGm; a&;pepf[m zdESdyfr_&Jh t&if;cHjzpf w,fqw kd hJ tjrifrsKd ;±Sw d hJ trsKd ;orD; wef;wla&; v_y&f mS ;olawGvnf; ±Syd g w,f? trsKd ;orD;awG v$r;f rd;k cHxm; &wm[m trsKd ;om;awG&hJ t=urf; zufre_ @J t"rRðyusichf &H r_ (Fear of Rape) tay: pd;k &drx f w d v f ef@ra_ wG u xdr;f csKyfxm;vd@k ygq+kd yD; qifajc ay;olu ay;ygw,f? tckvdk tajccH,lqyHk awG uGv J v JG mwJt h wGuf vlawG&hJ tðytrlawGukd jyXmef;wJah e&mrSm ta&;}uD;wJh obm0eJ@ jyKpkysdK; axmifjcif;qdw k t hJ ay: tjrifrwl nDra_ wG vH;k 0&Sad ew,fqw kd m jyae ygw,f? vlom;awG[m jyKjyif r

ajymif;vJEikd w f hJ 0rf;wGi;f yg p±du k f vuQ%mawGeJ@ arG;zGm;vm=u w,f? od@k r[kwf vlrb _ 0 tawG@ tóuHawGu yHpk aH vmif;+yD; yHak zmfcH &wmvm;qdw k t hJ ay: tjyeftvSef pOf;pm;tajz&Sm&ygawmhr,f? trsKd ; orD;wef;wla&;v_yf&Sm;olawGt aeeJ@ a,musmf ;}uD;pd;k r_atmufu trsKd ;orD;awG vGwaf jrmufz@kd óud; pm;=ur,fq&kd if ZD0urRaA'qdik &f m tcsut f vufa=umifv h m;/ vl‹o bm0t& b,fvrkd S rajymif;vJEikd f wJh tcsut f vufawGa=umifv h m; qdw k hJ rsn;f ESpaf =umif; jcm;em;csuf udk aoaocsmcsm&SmazG azmfxw k f =u&ygw,f? aemuf+yD; vlr_tzGJ@ tpnf;u jyXmef;csrSwfxm;wJh tjyKtrlawG&hJ OD;wnfcsuef @J yHpk H awGukd &SmazGEikd rf o S m jyKjyifajymif; vJra_ wGukd vkyaf qmifomG ;Edik rf mS jzpfygw,f? obm0vdiEf iS hf vlrb _ 0 vdiv f uQ %m (Sex and Gender) a,bl,stm;jzifh trsKd ; orD;wef;wla&;v_y&f mS ;r_ukd qef@ usifajymr_tm;vHk;[m vlr_b0 usm;-r vuQ%mcGjJ cm;owfrw S f wm[m obm0w&m;a=umifjh zpf w,fqdk+yD; tcdkiftrmqkwfudkif xm;wwfygw,f? usm;eJ@rqdw k m vl‹tzG@J tpnf;wm0efawGukd jznfh qD;zd@k obm0u owfrw S yf akH zmf xm;vd@k ygw?hJ 'ga=umifh trsKd ;orD; wOD;&Jh ±kyfydkif;eJ@ cE<maA'qdkif&m wnfaqmufr_udku vl@tzGJ@t pnf;twGi;f rSm wqifeh rd ahf eovdk tdrw f iG ;f r_ tcef;u¾wm0efawGe@J vdu k zf ufygw,fv@kd qifajcay;wm

[m wenf;tm;jzifh ZD0aA'vuQ %mjzpfv@kd 'g[m uHw&m;a=umifh vdk@ qdkvdkygw,f? vufawG@rSm awmh 'DqifajcrSm b,fvrkd S t"d y`g,f r±Syd gb;l ? rde;f rwa,muf&hJ OD; aESmuft&G,t f pm;[ma,musmf ; wa,muf&hJ OD;aESmuft&G,x f uf ao;i,faew,fq+kd yD; trsKd ;om; (usm;) vuQ%m}uD;pd;k a&; tpG±J dS olawGu axmufjyygw,f? 'Dvkd qd&k if rdrcd E<mud, k f t&G,t f pm;eJ@ E_id ;f ,Of=unfv h u kd rf ,fq&kd if rde;f r&Jh OD;aESmuft&G,[ f m yd+k y;D }u;D rm;ae wmjzpfv@kd Om%fynm todawGykd ºuG,f0w,fqdkwm twdtus n$ef;qdkvdkufovdkjzpfaeygw,f? yHkrSeftm;jzifh trsdK;orD;awG[m trsKd ;om;awGxuf ºuu G o f m;zG‹H òz;d r_enf;wJhtwGuf um,ydkif;t& tm;enf;ygw,f? 'g[mvnf; t rsKd ;om;awG[m tdrjf yify um, qdik &f mvkyif ef;awG/ tm;upm;/ ,l qowfrw S x f m;wJh usm;vuQ%m wckjzpfz@kd yHak zmfay;wJh vlrb _ 0t ajctaeawGa=umifjh zpfw,fv@kd t csKd @u ,lqygw,f? um,cGet f m; qdw k m v,f,meJ@ pufrv _ @l tzG@J tpnf;rSm ta&;}u;D ayrJv h nf; wl awG/ aqmufawG/ wGicf akH wGae&m rSm vl@tpGr;f tpu yd+k yD;ae&m ,l vmwJh zGH@+zdK;+yD;EdkifiHawGrSmawmh toH;k 0ifr_ av#meh nf;vmygw,f? ºuGuo f m;awG tajrmuftrsm;eJ@ wnfaqmufxm;wJh trsdK;om; [m uGejf yLwm tdik w f eD nf;ynm qdik &f m urBmxJrmS tJ'ºD uGuo f m; awGukd toH;k csp&m ae&mr±Syd gb;l ? 'ga=umifh =urf;wrf;wJh um,

30

Dovejune2006.pmd

30

7/8/2006, 4:31 PM

vkyfief;awG[m trsdK;om; cE<m udk,feJ@ ydk+yD;tH0if*Gifusjzpfae+yD; 'g[m vlrb _ 0tqift h wef; edrhf yg;wJh tajctaea=umifjh zpfovdk =oZmtm%ma=umifh jzpfay:vm wm r[kwyf gb;l ? cE<mZD0aA' oabmt& trsKd ;orD;awG&hJ vlrb _ 0tajct ae[m uav;arG;jcif;qdkwJh pGrf; aqmifEikd rf e_ @J trsm;}uD;ygwo f uf aew,fv@kd q&kd ygr,f? 'g[m "rR wmvmjcif;/ Ed@k csKd wdu k af u|;jcif;qdk wJh tcsuaf wGe@J wGzJ uf+y;D b,fvkd rS a±Smifvv J$ ‹kd r&Edik w f hJ robm0 vdifvuQ%m xl;jcm;csufjzpfyg w,f? 'gayrJh tckvkd cE<mZD0aA ' vuQ%ma=umifh trsKd ;orD;awG udk wqifeh rd hf qufqw H mrsKd ; 'grrS [kwf vlrb _ 0uH=urRmudk qH;k jzwf wmrsKd ;qdw k m vH;k 0 vufcEH ikd zf , G f r±Syd gb;l ? trsKd ;orD;wdik ;f [m rdcif awGjzpfaumif;jzpfEikd yf gw,f? 'gayrJh uav;rsm; ðypkapmifha&Smufjcif;/ tdraf xmifxed ;f odr;f jcif;/ ynmoif =um;jcif;/ }u;D xGm;zG‹H òz;d atmif wm 0ef,&l jcif; pwJt h vkyaf wGukd rdrw d @kd taejzifh tdref @J rdom;pkb0xJrmS ðrwfEyHS pf&jcif;qdw k hJ txd rdcifb0 wm0efawGtm;vHk;udk vufcHzdk@r vdyk gb;l ? uav;arG;jcif;qdw k m cE<m ZD0aA'oabmjzpfayrJh ðypkapmifh a&Smufjcif;qdw k muawmh ,Ofaus; r_oabmvd@k trsKd ;orD;wef;wla&; v_yf±Sm;olawGu axmufjy=uyg w,f? tdrfwGif;vkyfief;wm0ef awGukd trsK;d om;awGvnf; xrf;

aqmifEdkifovdk 'grSr[kwf trsKd; om;eJ@ trsKd ;orD;=um;rSm wm0ef awG nDwrl #wl cGaJ 0,l=uwmrsK;d vnf; vkyv f @kd jzpfEikd yf gw,f? 'gjh yif uav;ðypkapmifx h ed ;f wmawGukd vl r_tzG@J tpnf; od@k r[kwf Edik if aH wmf u wm0ef,w l mrsKd ; vkyEf ikd +f y;D aqG rsKd ;om;csi;f awGu aqmif&u G w f m rsKd ;awGvnf; vkyEf ikd yf gw,f? 'Dvrkd S r[kw&f ifawmh trsK;d orD;awGukd trsm;qdik &f m tvkyw f m0efawGukd pGr;f aqmifEikd pf rG ;f r±Sad tmif vkyf vdkufwJhtwGuf uav;arG;zGm;& wm[m vlrb _ 0qdik &f m tm;enf; csufwcktjzpf owfrSwfvdkufo vdk wv$pJ Of;pm;&rvdjk zpfaeygw,f? zGH‹òzd;qJEdkifiHawGrSm&SdwJh trsKd ;orD;wOD;&Jh tvkycf iG b f 0udk uav;arG;zGm;jcif;qdw k hJ ta=umif; tcsuu f vH;k 0zsuq f ;D ypfwwfyg w,f? ud, k 0f efaqmif/ arG;zGm;Edik w f hJ pGrf;tifqdkwm wu,fwef;us awmh tifrwefjrifhjrwfwJh vlr_ tqift h wef;jzpf+y;D tifrwef pGe@f pm;&ovdk vlom;rsdK;EG,fpkawG toufquf&Sifoefa&;twGuf tmrcHcsuv f @kd qd&k rSmjzpfygw,f? 'ga=umifh a,musmf ;}uD;pd;k r_qw kd m trsdK;orD;awG&Jh uav;arG;zGm; Edik jf cif;eJ@ rdciftjzpf cH,El ikd jf cif;qdw k hJ robm0vdiyf ikd ;f qdik &f m pGr;f &nft ay: trsKd ;om;awG&hJ ta=umufw &m;u tajccHvmw,fv@kd tcsKd @ trsKd;orD;wef;wla&; v_yf±Sm;ol rsm;u qdyk gw,f? 'Dvekd @J tusKd ; qufuawmh rdom;pke@J tdrrf a_ &; &m wm0efawGxrJ mS ydwx f m;vdu k f jcif;tm;jzifh trsK;d orD;awG&hJ rlv

owWd pGr;f tifawG ysujf y,fuek u f m trsKd ;om;awG[m trsK;d orD;awG udk xdr;f csKyx f m;vdu k o f vdk jzpfomG ; ygw,f? ZD0aA'u uHw&m;udk r qH;k jzwfEikd b f ;l vd@k qx kd m;ayrJh trsK;d om;eJ@ trsK;d orD;=um;rSm wnf±adS e wJh cE<mud, k ±f yk yf ikd ;f qdik &f m rwljcm; em;csuaf wG±w dS ,fqw kd mudak wmh vH;k 0rjiif;Edik yf gb;l ? tJ'v D kd obm0 rwlnrD a_ wGukd odro f rd af rG@arG@e@J pOf; pm;tajzxkww f m[m trsKd ;orD; wef;wla&; v_y±f mS ;olawGtwGuf tifrwefta&;}u;D wJh udpw P ckjzpf ygw,f? 'gro S m trsKd ;orD;awG&hJ tcef;u¾udk jri‡ w hf ifay;a&;eJ@ rdrd eJ@ vdirf wlorl sm;udk cGjJ cm;csKd ;ESrd jf cif; uif;onfh usm;rcGjJ cm;qufqjH cif; uif;onfh vl@tzGJ@tpnf;wckudk wnfaqmufEikd rf mS jzpfygw,f? 'g a=umifh trsKd ;orD;wef;wla&;v_yf ±Sm;olawG[m obm0 vdiv f uQ %meJ@ vlrb _ 0 vdiv f uQ%mESpcf k =um;u rwlnDwJhtcsufawGudk ±Si;f ±Si;f vif;vif; azmfxw k af vh&ydS g w,f? obm0vdif vuQ%mqdk wm ZD0aA'oabmqdkif&m t a=umif;tcsufrsm;tjzpf a,m usmf ;eJ@ rde;f r=um; uGv J cJG surf sm; jzpf+y;D b,fvrkd S ajymif;vJEikd w f hJ udpP r[kwfygbl;? vlr_b0vdifvuQ %muawmh ,Ofaus;r_qdkif&m "avhx;kH wrf;owfrw S cf sujf zpf+yD; a,musmf ;eJ@ rde;f rawGtay: rwl nDwhJ tcef;u¾awGtjzpf vlr_ tzG@J tpnf;u rSw, f x l m;csurf sm; om jzpfygw,f? a,musmf ;v$r;f rd;k a&; o

31

Dovejune2006.pmd

31

7/8/2006, 4:31 PM

abmw&m;rSmawmh tckvkd obm 0vdifvuQ%meJ@ vlr_b0 vdif vuQ%mESpcf =k um; uGv J cJG suaf wG udk taotcsm razmfxkwfbJ a,musmf ;eJ@ rderf =um;rSm wnf±dS aewJh vlro _ bm0 vuQ%mtm; vH;k [m ZD0aA' od@k r[kwf cE<maA' u ta=umif;cHvmwmjzpfw,f qd+k y;D ,lqygw,f? trsKd ;orD;wef; wla&;v_yf&Sm;olawGzufuawmh obm0 vdiv f uQ%meJ@ vlrb _ 0 vdif vuQ%m ESpcf =k um;rSm quf pyfrq _ w kd m r±Syd gb;l ? vlrb _ 0 vdif vuQ%m cGjJ cm;r_qw kd m,Ofaus;r_ eJ@ vHk;0 oufqdkifaeygw,f? 'g a=umifh vlrt _ zG@J tpnf;u vlwOD; csi;f pDtay: csrw S jf yXmef;csuo f m jzpf&r,fq+kd yD; tcdik t f rm,H=k unf =uygw,f? trsKd;orD; wef;wla&; v_yf±Sm;olawG[m a,musfm;eJ@ rde;f r=um; obm0t& vdiv f uQ %mrwlnDwJhtcsufqdkwm odyf ta&;ygvw S u hJ pd P r[kwyf gb;l vd@k ,lq=uayrJv h @kd vlrb _ 0 vdiv f uQ %mxl;jcm;csuaf wGtay:rSm b,f vdn k , ‡d =l urvJqw kd meJ@ ygwo f uf +yD; jyefvnf&Sif;vif;wifjyr_rsdK; vnf; r&S=d ubl;? vdiEf pS cf pk vH;k eJ@ ygwo f ufwhJ vuQ%mawG tm; vH;k vlwikd ;f rSm yg0ifae=uw,fv@kd vl@obm0udk ,lq=uygw,f? vl om;tm;vH;k [m rdcife@J zcifEpS Of ;D pvH;k &Jh ADZawGukd tarGqufc=H u& wmjzpfwJhtwGuf a,musfm;eJ@ rde;f r ^mOfp±du k f (od@k ) *k%jf 'yf t &nftaoG;ESpcf pk vH;k a&maESmaygi;f pyf zG@J pnf;xm;jcif;jzpfygw,f? 'g

a=umifh vdirf wlnrD q _ w kd m ZD0aA' qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;jzpf+yD; vlra_ &;/ Edik if aH &;eJ@ pD;yGm;a&;qdik &f m xl;jcm; owfrw S cf surf sKd ; r&Syd gb;l ? vdifvuQ%ma=umifh trsdK;orD; awGe@J trsKd ;om;awGq+kd yD; rowf rSwo f ifb h J olw@kd [m vly*k Kd v ~ w f OD; csi;f qdik &f mrsm;taeeJ@bJ owfrw S f &r,fv@kd qykd gw,f? 'ga=umifh trsKd ; orD;wef;wla&;v_y±f mS ;olawG&hJ OD; wnfcsuyf ef;wdik [ f m wOD;csi;f qdik f &m vGwaf jrmufa&;vd@k qd&k ygr,f? vlrb _ 0 vdiv f uQ%m cGjJ cm;owf rSwrf /_ rwlnrD a_ wGqw kd m tm;vH;k twkta,mifawGomjzpf+yD; zkH; v$r;f xm;csurf sm;jzpfygw,f? ‘pDreG f 'DAl;0g;’uawmh tckvdk aumuf csucf sygw,f? trsKd ;orD; (rde;f r) qdw k m owfrw S cf sujf zpfw,f? arG; wke;f u owfrw S rf xm;ygb;l ? vlr_b0 vdifvuQ%m rwlnjD cm;csuq f w kd mawG[m vlr_ tzG@J tpnf;u wnfaqmufxm; wmjzpfygw,f? tm;aysmhoGm; atmifeJ@ usdK;EGHoGm;atmif/ tdrf wGi;f eJ@ro d m;pkqikd &f m wm0efawGe@J vdu k zf ufoifah wmfwhJ b0wckt jzpf trsKd ;orD;awGukd yHo k iG ;f zd@k t rsdK;orD;vuQ%m owfrSwfcsuf tjzpf yHak zmfxm;ygw,f? tiftm; &Sw d ,f/ }uchH ikd w f ,f/ wGe;f wGe;f wdu k f wdu k ef @J tòyid t f qdik &f w dS ,f/ tvkyf cGi/f Edik if aH &;eJ@ trsm;eJ@ygwo f ufwhJ vkyif ef;awGe@J oifah wmfw,f po jzifh trsKd ;om;awGuakd wmh tm;ay; xm;ygw,f? trsKd ;om;rsm; }uD;pd;k xm;wJv h rl t _ zG@J tpnf;xJrmS trsK;d orD;awG[m trsK;d om;awG vdt k yf

csufawGeJ@ ar#mfvifhcsufawGeJ@t nD yHak vmif;cH&ygw,f? rdcif/ tdrf ±Sirf / tysKpd ifrif;orD;/ jynfw h efqm pojzifh trsKd ;om;a,musmf ;awG&hJ tjyXmef;cHjzpfaeygw,f? 'Dtwdik ;f om qufjzpfaer,fqdk&ifawmh obm0vdiEf pS cf pk vH;k eJ@ ygwo f uf aewJh wOD;csif;qdkif&m t&nft aoG;awGrrl rSeaf tmifzsuq f ;D vdu k f ovdjk zpfaeygw,f? trsK;d orD;awG[m olw@kd toHrxGuaf tmif/ wGe;f wGe;f wdu k f wdu k rf vkyEf ikd af tmif olw@kd &o hJ bm 0jzpfwhJ usm;vuQ%m owfrw S f csuaf wGukd ydjym;oGm;atmif vkyzf @kd wGe;f tm;ay;&ygr,f? 'gukd wzuf uvSn=hf unf&h ifawmh a,musmf ; av;qdw k m rid&k bl;qdw k hJ pdwcf pH m; r_qkid &f m/ xdv, G cf u kd v f , G jf zpfwhJ odraf rG@whJ wke@f jyefra_ wGukd csK;d ESrd f xm;zd@k qw kd hJ olw@kd &hJ robm0 vuQ %mawGukd vufrcHz@kd trsKd ;om; awG[m zdtm;ay;cHae&ygw,f? 'g uawmh trsK;d orD;wef;wla&; v_yf ±Sm;olawG&Jh oabmxm;jzpfyg w,f? 'gayrJv h nf; vpfb&,f/ uGeq f maA;wpf/ qd±k , S v f pf/ zuf qpf/ zD;rD;epf/ zef',frefw,fvpf pojzifh Edik if aH &;tjrif tajccH,q l csuu f v JG o JG vdk vlrb _ 0 vdiv f uQ %m owfrw S cf sut f ay:rSm wefz;kd xm; owfrw S cf suaf wG[m wlnD wmawG&o dS vdk uGv J aJG ewmawGukd vnf; xyfqifah wG@&ygao;w,f? qufvufwifjyygr,f?Ù - 10;15 em&D 2006 ckEpS /f ZGev f (9) &uf?

32

Dovejune2006.pmd

32

7/8/2006, 4:31 PM