38. Dove 37 6

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yJpG epf&hJ aqmif±u G yf t kH qifq h ifu h kd azmfjyaeygw,f? owfrw S jf yXmef;r_ ukw d mpepfukd Edik if w H ck&hJ zJ@G pnf;yHt k ajccHOya'eJ@ txl;ojzifh a±G;aumufyq GJ ikd &f m Oya'awGu owfrw S jf yXmef;Edik yf gw,f? 'Dtydik ;f rSm w&m;0if udw k mpepfowfrw S rf _ udk aqG;aEG;ygr,f? w&m;0ifuw kd mp epfu Edik if w H Edik if rH mS ±dw S hJ Edik if aH &; ygwaD wG&hJ vkyif ef;aqmif±u G rf a_ wG udk xdr;f csKyfxm;ygw,f? 'ge@J ywf ouf+yD; ygww D iG ;f udw k mpepfukd aqG;aEG;ygr,f? avhvmr_t& wEdik f iHwnf;rSm wcsKŒd ygwaD wGu udw k m pepfukd vufrcHayr,fh wcsKŒd ygwD awGrmS udw k mpepf ±daS umif;±dyS gvrd hf r,f? tJ'rD mS Oya't& udw k mpepf udk jyXmef;r,fq&kd if ygw&D hJ udw k m pepf[m pdw0f ifpm;r_tay:rSm t ajccHygvrd rhf ,f? ygww D cku jyXmef; xm;wJh &mcdik Ef e_ ;f xufy+kd yD; owf rSwrf ,fq&dk ifvnf; owfrw S v f @kd & ygw,f? 'grrS [kwf ygwu D Oya'xJ rSmryg0if/ tjcm;xl;jcm;wJh vkyx f ;kH vkyef nf;awGuv kd nf; owfrw S v f @kd &ygw,f? (Oyrmtm;jzifh uk, d pf m; vS,af wG&hJ tqifo h wfrw S rf _ tpD tpOfrsK;d ) ajymif;vJaewJh orkid ;f jzpfpOf Edik if aH &;rSm trsK;d orD;awG ud, k pf m;ðyyg0ifvmr_ tenf;trsm; tay:rlwnf+y;D urBmEh ikd if aH wG&hJ t qifo h wfrw S rf [ _ m xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ajymif;vJvmcJw h ,f? udw k mpepf jy Xmef; owfrSwfr_a=umifh &0rf'g/ aumfpwm&Dum/ tm*siw f ;D em;/ rdk ZrfbpfEiS hf awmiftmz&duEdik if aH wG

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[m Edik if w H um ygvrD eftrwfrsm; or*~rmS a±SŒwef;udak &mufvm=u ygw,f? trsK;d orD;rsm;&Jh ud, k pf m;ðy yg0ifre_ @J ywfouf&if ESpaf ygi;f rsm;pGm xdyq f ;kH rSm±dcS =hJ uwJh 'de;f rwf/ zifvef/ tdu k pf vJe;f / aemfa0ESihf qD'G ifpwJh aemh'pf 5 Edik if [ H m pdeaf c:r_opfawG udk &ifqikd af e&yg+yD? udw k mpepfe@J ywfouf&if tjiif;yGm;r_awG±Sd ae ayr,fh rSerf eS u f efuefusio hf ;kH r,f qd&k if trsK;d orD;rsm;&Jh wef;wlnrD # a&;udk ±SmazG&mrSm xda&mufwJh vufeufwckjzpfw,fqdkwmudk oufaocHaeyg w,f? 2003 ckEpS u f urBmw 0Sr;f ±dS ygvrD efawGrmS trsK;d orD;ud, k f pm;vS,f 15 '\r 2 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f omyg0ifcyhJ gw,f? 2004 rSm 15 ' \r 6 &mcdkifE_ef;jzpfvmw,f? aemh'pfEikd if aH wGrmS trsK;d orD;v$wf awmfu, kd pf m;vS,f 39 '\r 7 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f eJ@ tjrifq h ;kH jzpf+y;D tm&yf Edik if aH wGrmS awmh 6 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f om ±dcS yhJ gw,f? Sub-Saharan ac: tm z&duajrmufyikd ;f u 14 '\r 9 &m cdik Ef e_ ;f xd±+Sd yD; a'otvdu k u f jGJ ym; aeygw,f? atmufvw $ af wmfwiG f trsK;d orD; rsm;. a'otvdu k f ud, k pf m;ðyyg 0ifr_ aemh'pf Edik if rH sm; - 39 '\r 7µ tar&duwdu k Ef ikd if rH sm; - 18 '\ r 4µ Oa&mywdkufrS EdkifiHrsm; (Oa&my wdu k rf S vHòk cHa&;ESihf yl;aygi;f aqmif ±Guaf &;toif;0ifEikd if rH sm;? aemh'pf Edik if rH sm;ryg) - 15 '\r 5µ tm±SEikd if rH sm; - 15 '\r 5µ

tmz&du ajrmufydkif;a'orSEdkifiH rsm; - 14 '\r 9µ ypdzw d Ef ikd if rH sm; - 12 '\r 1µ tm&yfEikd if rH sm; - 6 '\r 0µ puif'DaeAD;,m;EdkifiHawGu bm a=umifh a&±Snrf mS pHjyrjzpfawmh wmvJ trsK;d orD;a&;v_y±f mS ;ol rsm;tzJ@G u puif'aD eAD;,m;Edik if H awGjzpfwhJ 'de;f rwf/ aemfa0eJ@ qD'G if Edik if aH wGu trsK;d orD;awG[m wef; wlnDr#r_&±dSw,fvdk@ ESpftawmf =um ±_jrifc=hJ uygw,f? bmvd@k vq J kd awmh 1970jynfh vGeEf pS af wGwnf; u trsK;d orD;awG[m ygvrD efe@J a' oqdik &f m tm%mydik t f zJ@G awGrmS trsm;tjym; ud, k pf m;ðyyg0ifEikd v f @kd jzpfygw,f? puif'aD e;AD;,m;Edik if u H trsK;d orD; rsm;&Jh ud, k pf m;ðyyg0ifr&_ mcdik Ef e_ ;f qG'D ifEikd if H 45µ ( 2002 ckEpS )f 'de;f rwf 38µ (2001 ckEpS )f zifvef 38µ (2002 ckEpS )f aemfa0 36µ (2001 ckEpS )f tdu k pf vJe;f 30µ (2003 ckEpS )f puif'aD eAD;,m;Edik if aH wG rSm trsK;d orD;awG&yhJ g0ifr_ 'Davmuf jrifrh m;&wm[m 'Dwikd ;f jynfawG&hJ zJ@G pnf; wnfaqmufr_qdkif&m t ajymif;tvJawGa=umifyh gy?J 'gawG [m Edik if aH &;rSm bmoma&; rpGuf zufwm/ qd±k , S 'f rD u kd &ufygwaD wG udk tiftm;aumif;apwm/ vlrz_ v l kH a&;udk tajcðywJh wdik ;f jynfawGt jzpf wd;k csŒJ zJ@G pnf;wm/ 1960 jynhf vGeu f mvawGrmS trsK;d orD;awGukd vkyif ef;cGiaf wGrmS trsm;tjym; yg 0ifciG ðhf ycJw h m/ 1960 tvGerf mS y

nma&;rSm wd;k wufz@GHòz;d vmwm/ t csK;d usu, kd pf m;ðywJh a±G;aumufwif ajr‡mufrq _ idk &f m pepfawGyJ jzpfyg w,f? enf;AsL[mydik ;f qdik &f mawG [m ta&;ygwhJ tcsut f jzpf awG@ jrifEikd yf gw,f? txl;ojzifu h awmh trsK;d orD;toif;tzJ@G awGu Edik if H a&;rSm trsK;d orD;awG&hJ ud, k pf m;ðyr_ udk jrifrh m;apzd@k twGuf enf;vrf;t rsK;d rsK;d eJ@ csO;f uyfcw hJ mygy?J Edik if w H umokawoet odik ;f t0dik ;f u aemh'pfEikd if u H okaw oeðyr_awGukd txl;ta&;ay;cJyh g w,f? 'Da'otwGi;f rSm 1970 vGef umvwnf;u trsKd;orD;rsm;&Jh ud, k pf m;ðyyg0ifr[ _ m omrefEikd if H wumpHEe_ ;f xufomvGe+f y;D xl;xl; jcm;jcm;rsm;jym;cJrh u _ kd wcgw&HrmS udw k mpepfa=umifv h @kd rSw, f cl =hJ u w,f? 'gayr,fh 'g[m rSeu f efwhJ t uJjzwfrr_ [kwyf gb;l ? udw k mpepfukd ygvrD efrmS trsK;d orD;ae&m 25 &m ckid Ef e_ ;f &wJt h xd rusio hf ;kH cJyh gb;l ? aemufyikd ;f rSm trsK;d orD;Edik if aH &;o rm;awGu 'DtcGit hf m%mtopf udk trsK;d orD;awG&hJ tqifah e&mudk wpkwpnf;wnf;jzpfatmif olw@kd &hJ ygwaD wGrmS udw k mpepfukd usio hf ;kH cJh ygw,f? aemh'pfEikd if aH wGrmS udw k m pepfukd w&m;Oya't&usio hf ;kH wm r±dcS yhJ gb;l ? ygwaD wGu qH;k jzwfre_ ‹J usifhoHk;cJhvdk@ jzpfay:vmwmyg? aemuf+yD; aemh'pfEikd if aH wGu ygwD wdik ;f [m udw k mpepfukd usio hf ;kH wm vnf;r[kwyf gb;l ? usio hf ;kH wJh ygwD awGu tv,ftvwfvrf;pOf±w Sd hJ ygwaD wGe@J vuf0v J rf;pOf±w Sd yhJ gwD awGyJ trsm;pkjzpfygw,f? 'if;epfpyf g

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enf;vrf;opfawGudk ±SmazGaeyg w,f? jynfot l rsm;pke@J tpd;k &awG u Edik if aH &;rSm usm;rwef;wlnrD #r_ ±d&S r,fqw kd hJ t,ltqudk rltm; jzifah xmufc=H uw,f? tcktcg Edik f iHa&;rSm udw k mpepfjyXmef;owfrw S f +y;D pwifusio hf ;kH vmaer_ukd w&m; 0if wef;wltcGifhtvrf;;&EdkifwJh enf;vrf;wcktjzpf urBmEh ikd if aH wG u pOf;pm;vmae=uygw,f? 'DzHG@òzd;wdk;wufr_udk ok awoeðyr_e,fy,fopftjzpf ac: qd=k uygw,f? tm*siw f ;D em;/ jyif opf/ tdE, Nd / ygupPwef/ awmiftm z&du/ qD'G ifEiS hf ,l*ef'gEikd if aH wGrmS uJjG ym;jcm;em;wJh a±G;aumufyq GJ ikd f &m udw k mpepfudk rdwq f ufjyXmef;cJh vd@k Edik if aH &;e,fy,frmS bmawGjzpf ysucf yhJ govJ? b,fvt kd ajctae rsK;d rSm trsK;d orD;awG&hJ pGr;f aqmifEikd f r_ukd udw k mpepfu wd;k jri‡ v hf mapo vJ? b,ftcgrmS udw k mpepfa=umifh r&nf±G,fwJh uJh&Jjypfwifr_awGeJ@ a±Smifz,fra_ wGukd jzpfay:apovJ? 'Dta&;ygwhJ ar;cGe;f awGukd trsKd ; orD;a&;0g'D okawoDrsm;omru Edik if w H um tzJ@G tpnf;awGe@J tpd;k &r[kww f hJ tzJ@G tpnf;awGu ±Si;f vif ; wif j yzd k @ vk d t yf y gw,f ? udw k mpepftcsKŒd udk vl awGar#mv f ifh xm;wmxufy+kd y;D Edik if t H rsm;tjym; rSm usio hf ;kH ae=uygw,f? vdiu f GJ jym;r_ay:rSm tajccHwhJ a±G;aumuf yJq G idk &f m udw k mpepfukd urBmtES@H rSm odoo d mombJt aumift xnf azmfae=uyg+y?D urBmtES@H rmS usio hf ;kH aewJh udw k m pepfawGukd tcsuf t vuf a umuf ,l + yD ;

uJjG ym;wJh tcsut f vufawG udk Ed _ i f ; ,S O f a zmf x k w f z d k @ tcsd e f u s a&mufvm+yDjzpfygw,f? 'DvEkd ikd if H awGudk Ed_if;,SOfavhvm+yD; yg0if onht f csut f vufawG/ qH;k jzwf csucf srw S rf j_ zpfpOfawGe@J udw k mp epf&Jh tusKd;oufa&mufr_awGudk qef;ppfoifyh gw,f? tcsKyt f m;jzifh wifjy& r,fq&kd ifawmh udw k mpepf [m acwftqufquf EdkifiHa&; avmurSm yg0ifciG rhf &cJw h hJ trsK;d orD;rsm;&Jh tcef;u¾udk jr‡iw hf if zd@k twGuf &nf±, G w f mjzpfygw,f? 'Dvjdk r‡iw hf if&jcif;[mvnf; urBm vlO;D a&&Jw h 0uf (urBm}u;D udk trsK;d orD;awGu w0ufxrf;xm; =u w,fv@kd qykd gw,f) od@k r[kwf jref rmjynf vlOD;a&w0ufausmfudk trsKd ;orD;awGu ud, k pf m;ðyxm; wma=umifh qH;k jzwfcsucf srw S w f hJ tqifah wGrmS trsK;d orD;awGyg0if oifw h ma=umifh jzpfygw,f? trsK;d orD;trsm;pk[m ta=umif;trsK;d rsK;d a=umifh Edik if aH &;avmurSm yg0if cGifhr&wJhtwGuf tawG@tóuHeJ@ t&nftcsif;awGrSm tm;enf; csuaf wG ±dyS gvrd rhf ,f? tenf;qH;k 30 &mcdik Ef e_ ;f up+y;D awmif;qkw d m [m trsK;d orD;xkw&yfv;kH udk Edik if H a&;rSm yg0ifvmEdik f atmif pGr;f &nf jr‡iw hf ifomG ;zd@k yJ jzpfyg w,f? Õ udk;um; Drude Dahlerup About Quotas

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