26. Present Perfect Simple

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Present Perfect Simple To talk = parlare

Forma affermativa I have You have He, she, it has We have You have They have

talked talked talked talked talked talked

Ho parlato Hai parlato Ha parlato Abbiamo parlato Avete parlato Hanno parlato

Forma affermativa I haven’t talked You haven’t talked He, she, it hasn’t talked We haven’t talked You haven’t talked They haven’t talked

Non Non Non Non Non Non

ho parlato hai parlato ha parlato abbiamo parlato avete parlato hanno parlato

Forma interrogativa Have Have Has Have Have Have

I talked you talked he, she, it talked we talked they talked they talked

Ho parlato io? Hai parlato tu? Ha parlato lui? Abbiamo parlato noi? Avete parlato voi? Hanno parlato essi?

The present perfect simple is formed with the auxiliary verb have + the past participle of the main verb. The past participle of the regular verbs is formed adding –ed to the verb. The past participle of the irregular verbs must be learnt by heart. The auxiliary is always have, even when the Italian language uses be. Il present perfect si forma con il presente di have + participio passato del verbo. Il participio passato dei verbi regolari si forma con la desinenza -ed . Il participio passato dei verbi irregolari corrisponde alla terza voce del paradigma. L’ausiliare è sempre have, anche con il verbo essere e i verbi di moto, quando cioè il passato prossimo italiano ha essere come ausiliare. I‘ve finished my test. Ho finito la verifica. I haven’t finished my test. Non ho finito la verifica.



Si usa il Present Perfect per indicare che qualcosa è accaduta a un certo momento della nostra vita prima di adesso, esprime un’azione successa in un momento imprecisato. Il tempo preciso non è importante. In questo caso usiamo parole come already, yet, ever or never. Queste parole vanno collocate prima del participio nella frase.

We use the Present Perfect when we want to specify that something has happened (or hasn’t) at some point in our lives before now. It expresses an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time the action happened is not important. In this case, we often use the words already, yet, ever or never along with the present perfect. These words usually go before the past participle in the sentence. I have written five letters today. Ho scritto 5 lettere oggi. I wrote five letters yesterday. Ho scritto 5 lettere ieri. I have already had lunch. Ho già pranzato. She hasn’t arrived yet. Lei non è ancora arrivata. A volte si vuole limitare l’arco di tempo e quindi si usano espressioni come nell’ultima settimana, mese, anno, fino ad ora ecc. Sometimes, we want to limit the time we are looking in for an experience. We can do this with expressions such as: in the last week, in the last year, this week, this month, so far, up to now, etc. Ricorda che il Present Perfect non si usa mai con avverbi che descrivono periodidi tempo già finiti, come ieri, si usa invece con avverbi che descrivono periodi di tempo non finiti o non specificati, come oggi, questa settimana (anno, mese)ecc. Remember the Present Perfect can never be used with adverbs which describe finished time periods, such as yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, at that moment, that day, etc. If a time adverb is used with the present perfect, it should describe a time period which is unfinished such as today, ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc. Have you ever been in Spain? Sei mai stata in Spagna? I’ve already read that book. Ho già letto quell libro. I have seen that movie three times in t he last week. Ho visto quell film tre volte nell’ultima settimana. Il Present Perfect si usa anche con azioni cominciate nel passato e che ancora continuano nel presente. Spesso le espressioni di tempo, che troviamo in questi casi, vengono introdotte da for (per arco di tempo) e since (per indicare l’inizio dell’azione). The present perfect is often used for an action which started at some time in the past, and are still continuing now. Often, the words for (with a length of time) and since (with a starting time) are used along with the present perfect. She has lived in Madrid for three years. Vive a Madrid da tre anni. She has lived in Madrid since 2005. Vive a Madrid dal 2005. Per indicare un’azione avvenuta nel passato, ma i cui effetti sono ancora percepibili. The action happened at some time in the past, but the effect of the action is still important now. I’ve lost my keys. Ho perso le chiavi (non le ho ancora ritrovate). She’s broken her arm. Si è rotta il braccio (ha ancora il gesso).

Remember Dopo le espressioni it’s the first/second/third time, anche se in italiano la frase è posta con il verbo all’indicativo presente, in inglese si usa il present perfect. Lo usiamo anche per descrivere azioni passate i cui effetti sono rilevanti per il presente (spesso accompagnate da espressioni di tempo come just, already, yet, lately, recently, so far, up to now, in the past few years…). After the expressions it’s the first/second/third time, even if the Italian uses the Present Simple, in English we have to use the Present Perfect.We use the Present Perfect also to describe past actions whose effects are important now, in this case we find expressions of time such as just, already, yet, lately, recently, so far, up to now, in the past few years… It’s the first time I’ve seen this film. è la prima volta che vedo questo film. I’ve already seen this film. Ho già visto questo film.

*Interactive Exercises http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/StudyZone/330/grammar/prperf1.htm http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?04 http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises?07 http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-simple/exercises http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/simple_past_present_perfect.htm http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/verbs5.htm http://www.better-english.com/grammar/pspp1.htm

*Please note: Listen carefully to the following videos in youtube, they speak about the Present Perfect Simple. Ascoltate attentamente i seguenti video di youtube, essi parlano del Present Perfect Simple. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3IMTNomhg-E http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=doh7BbpC5V4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eA1wmKfEAQ .

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