221730247-jobbagy-ilona-dr-katona-lucia-kevin-shopland-general-communication-skills-and-exercises.pdf

JOBBÁGY ILONA-KATONA LUCIA-KEVIN

SHOPLAND

FELKESZITES AZ ANGOL

N Y E LV V I Z S G Á K R A ■1 b

tó-fi. NEM ZE TI TAN KÖN YVKI AD Ó

JOBBAGY ILONA - KATONA LUCIA - KEVIN SHOPLAND

GENERAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND EXERCISES

FELKÉSZÍTÉS AZ ANGOL NYELVVIZSGÁKRA

Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó, Budapes tANYANYELVI BÍRÁLÓ: KEVIN SHOPLAND

ISBN 963 19 3366 0

Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó Rt.

A kiadásért felel: Jókai István vezérigazgató Raktári szám: 81335/2 Felelős szerkesztő: Ungor Barbara Műszaki igazgató: Babicsné Vasvári Etelka Műszaki szerkesztő: Görög Istvánné Terjedelem: 17,87 (AJ5) ív

1. kiadás,

2005

Nyomdai előkészítés, tipográfia: B&B Grafikai Stúdió Kft. Nyomdai munka: Grafika Press Rt. Felelős vezető: Farkas Tamás vezérigazgat

óiL CONTE NTS

7

8

ELŐSZÓ

“If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it” (Ha nem ment tönkre, ne javítsd meg!) idézte szerzőtársunk, Kevin Shopland az amerikai közmondást, amikor könyvünk legújabb átdolgozása szóba került. És tulajdonképpen a General Communication Skills and Exercises - azaz a GCSE - “ain’t broke”, hosszú évek óta szívesen használt érettségire és vizsgára felkészítő könyv Magyarországon. Az átfésülés és megújítás azonban mindenképpen jót tesz egy olyan kiadványnak, mely szövegértési és kommunikációs gyakorlatait újságcikkekre és élő helyzetekre alapozza, no meg képanyagában is a mai Angliát, Amerikát kívánja közelebb hozni a nyelvtanulókhoz.

9

A legutóbbi átdolgozás több mint 10 évvel ezelőtt történt, olyan időszakban, amikor társadalmunkban, iskolarendszerünkben, a nyelvoktatás iránti elvárásokban döntő változásokat éltünk át. Mégis, könyvünk alapkoncepcióján már akkor sem kellett módosítanunk. Úgy éreztük, azért vált eredetileg is közkedveltté, mert általános igényeket elégített ki: a különböző szintű

nyelvtudással rendelkezők is megtalálták a számukra megfelelő tananyagot, és egyaránt segítette mind a felnőtt, mind pedig a középiskolás nyelvtanulót a sikeres felkészülésben.

10

Egy évtized elteltével ismét úgy döntöttünk: nem változtatjuk meg azt, ami bevált. Az alapszövegek, a szerkesztési elv, a szerkezeti tagolás az új kiadásban is változatlan, a szókincsbővítő és kommunikációs gyakorlatok nagy része is megmaradt. Elsősorban az újságcikkek azok, amelyek több helyen változtak: korszerűbbek, a mai élethez jobban illenek, a mai gondolkodásmódot jobban tükrözik. A képek közül is sok kicserélődött, hiszen más divat, utca- és városkép vesz ma körül, valamint a számuk is megnőtt, mert a 2005-ös érettségi, de a többi nyelvvizsga is a beszédkészség értékeléséhez minden alkalommal képleírást hív segítségül. Ennek gyakorlása elengedhetetlen a sikeres vizsgához. Ugyancsak az élettér és az életmód változása igényelte azt is, hogy ismét két fejezettel bővüljön a könyv: a környezetvédelem és. az információs társadalom kérdésköreivel. Szerzőtársunk, Kevin Shopland vállalta el ezek összeállítását, reméljük, tetszést aratnak.

A témakörök tehát változatlanul a következő szerkezeti felépítésben jelennek meg: 1. Read

Az 11

and Compare adott témakör

bevezetése

lehetőleg

rövid,

nyelvileg

egyszerű

megfogalmazásban. A szövegek nagyrészt Angliára vonatkoznak, de a benne található kifejezések az élet hasonlósága, vagy akár ellentétessége miatt jól alkalmazhatók a magyar helyzet leírására is. A cím egyben az első feladat kijelölése: a szöveg kifejezéseit, szókincsét, mondatfordulatait felhasználva a tanuló számoljon be a magyarországi helyzetről ebben a témában. (Ezek a szövegek a GCSE hangkazettán is megtalálhatók.) II. Extend Your Vocabulary Szókincsbővítő gyakorlatok az érdeklődőbb, igényesebb tanulók számára. Read fór Information Újságcikk, könyvrészlet, melyet semmiképp sem részletes feldolgozásra, hanem a tanulók olvasási és megértési készségének fejlesztésére szántunk. Az ide kapcsolódó feladatok is ilyen céllal készültek. III.

Do It Yourself Kommunikációs, aktivizáló gyakorlatok, szituációk, melyek - egy-két kivételtől eltekintve - párokban vagy csoportokban végezhetők el. A szóbeli kifejezőkészség fejlesztése a fő cél, az, hogy a vizsga társalgási feladataihoz előzetes gyakorlatra tegyenek szert a tanulók. IV.

Think It Over A nagyrészt kérdésekből álló egység összefoglalására, a problémák átgondolására és egyéni vélemény kifejtésére kívánja serkenteni a tanulót - végül is arra, hogy a témákhoz kapcsolódó szókincset a való életben egyéni gondolatai megfogalmazására aktívan használja. V.

12

Az új kiadásban egy-egy témakörnél hatodik fejezettel is találkozhatunk: VI. Get

Organised A tanulók gondolatainak megszerkesztését, összefésülését célozzák azok a tanácsok és vázlatpontok, melyek segítségével a szóbeli vizsgákon összefüggő válaszok születhetnek.

A különböző fejezeteket természetesen a tanár és a tanuló is belátása szerint használhatja, ott és akkor, amikor az adott témakör szóba kerül. Őszintén reméljük, hogy a feladatokkal és a szövegekkel megkönnyítjük a szóbeli vizsgákra történő felkészülést, és továbbra is hasznosnak és érdekesnek találják a GCSE-t.

13

Budapest,

2003.

április

British families areI. READ AND COMPARE usually quite small. An average family consists of a mother, a father and 2 children. Different generations usually don’t live together, so it is quite rare in Britain for grandparents, aunts and uncles to share the house with the nuclear family. Pets like dogs, cats, goldfish, hamsters and budgerigars - are often regarded as close members of the family.

In the last 15 or 25 years there have been great changes in family life in Britain. For example, more couples now live together and have children without getting married. Among married couples there has been an increase in divorce and separation with the result that there are many more one-parent families. Members of a family see less of each other than they used to. Another change in family life is the attitude of adults to children: parents treat their children more as equals than they used to and children are given more freedom to make their own decisions in life. Despite these changes most people in Britain decide to get married and start a family. 14

Look at the photograph. When and where do you think it was taken? What do you think the family relationships are?

Compare and contrast this family to your own.

15

What have been the basic changes in family life since then?

16

A family tree Look at the following family tree and then fill in the missing words in the sentences below. 1.

nephew, grandchildren, wife,'aunt, husband, niece, father, son, brother, cousins, mother, unde, grandmother, sister, brother-in-law, daughter-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, father-in-law, parents

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

Brian is David’s . . Charles is Pat’s Pamela is Helen’s Jonathan is Patsy’s Pamela is Sarah’s Jonathan is Pat’s . Brian is Sarah’s .. Jonathan is Brian’s Guy is Sarah’s ... Rita is Brian’s ...

Patsy and Samantha are.........

Sarah is Guy’s..............: . . . .

Rita is David’s.............

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

Charles is Jonathan’s.............

Rita is Mary’s........................

Guy and Mary are Brian’s

Patsy is Helen’s.......

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

Guy is David’s.......................

Mary is Rita’s .......................

Pat and Jonathan are Samantha’s Look back at the family photo on the previous page. Give the people names and try to draw their family tree. Compare your version to your partner’s. 2.

Prepositional phrases Q Here are some common prepositional phrases related to family life and relationships. Can you fill in the blanks with the proper prepositions? 3.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

to live (a) '' somebody, to fall (b)

-

love(c)______somebody, to go (d)____

honeymoon, to get married (e) " - somebody, to be separated (f)_somebody, to be

dependent (g) ■ somebody, to get divorced (h) ____ i somebody, to get married (i)

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

4.

Put each of the following words or phrases into its correct place.

a)

Childhood and Adolescence 0-1

1

a priest, to get (j)

with somebody (= to have a good relationship)

authority, grown-ups, parents, “growing pains”, brothers and sisters, relationships, adult, confusion, gang, toys, emotionally, adolescents, pretend, independence, carefree, neighbourhood, circle of friends, rebellion

Childhood is the time of playing: playing with our (a);, -■_______playing with

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

(b)_____playing games in the park or with friends in the (c> > ________Children love

to make believe and (d)

■ - all sorts of things: that they are married (e)

-

.

that they are pirates or superheroes or animals, whatever. It’s a beautiful, imaginary,

_________ world children live in. As children begin to grow up, they put away their toys, (f)

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

and (g) ■ ■ - toother________(h) important. Having one good friend,

i_

being part of a tight-knit circle of friends, or even joining a (i) vital to teenagers.

becomc

more

^_are

b) Marriage [0^

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

bride, engaged, bridegroom, consent, wedding, civil, reception, honeymoon, propose, toast

One evening, although he was nervous, Joe decided to (a) ^ ■ ■ girlfriend, Linda.

to

his

She accepted his proposal, they became (b)_____and he gave her a ring. After a year

they had saved enough money to get married (they were both over 18 so they did not need their

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

parents’ (c)__________). Some people have a religious ceremony with a priest, but Joe and

Linda decided on a (d)

■_______ceremony in a registry office. On the day of the

(e)_______’

1

Linda, the (f)____________, was very calm, but Joe, the (g)__1 was

How did your parents ’ wedding happen ? - Describe it to your partner.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N nervous. Afterwards, at the (h) drank a (i)M A S S M A R R I A G E

, speeches were made and the guests

“I FIRST MET MY HUSBAND ON MY WEDDING DAY” One afternoon last August, 60,000 members of the Unificationist Church got married in Seoul’s Olympic Stadium. Many of the brides and grooms had never met before; some don’t even speak the same language.

You’re going to interview one of the couples just before the wedding. Think of what questions you would ask them. Role play the situation where one of you is the newspaper reporter and two of you are the

couple.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

‘It’s the best way to find a spouse,’ says Pauline. ‘There’s no hanging round in discos.’ n a sultry morning last July Pauline McCarthy received a plain brown envelope, the contents of which she knew would profoundly alter her life. Inside was a single photograph of an unknown man in his early thirties wearing a dark suit. Pauline was so nervous she couldn’t focus on the typed label which revealed the man’s name, age, height, nationality and occupation. She stared blankly for a while, then burst into characteristic hoots of laughter. ‘Just my luck,’ she thought, ‘this is the man I’m going to marry and I can’t even pronounce his name.’

O

It is 25 August 1992, less than six weeks later, and Pauline, a 32-year-old Glaswegian, is about to wed Thorsteinn Thor- steinsson, a ship’s navigator from Iceland. Despite their short acquaintance (they met only four days ago), their wedding will not be a quiet affair. Instead, the pair will gwelter beneath a ferocious South Korean sun in Seoul's Olympic Stadium and chant their marriage vows in unison with 20,000 other couples and a further 10,000 linked up by satellite around the world. It will be the largest wedding ceremony ever recoded: 800 busloads of brides and grooms from 131 countries, 60,000 guests, 40,000 rainbowcoloured balloons, 400 pigeons and 120,000 slices of sponge cake. Presiding over this matrimonial extravaganza, however, will be just one priest: Reverend Sun Myung Moon, the 73-year-old founder and spiritual leader of the Holy Spirit Association for the Unification of World Christianity better known to its three million followers as the Unification church, and to almost everyone else as the Moonies. Until days, and sometimes just hours, before the wedding, nearly all the brides and grooms had only a

photo and a few biographical crumbs about their future spouse. Many couples, paired across nations, continents and timezones, did not even know if they shared a common language. But for these Unificationists (they consider the term ‘Moonies’ derogatory) it is not a question of being betrothed to a perfect stranger, but rather to a perfect partner. They view their ‘matchings’ as the church calls them, as the result of a divine lottery in which there are no losers only winners.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N ‘We both felt that God had chosen us

for each other!

’“We share the house with Mil HI and Dad - it’s my idea of heaven’

eople often look at me strangely when I tell them I still share a home with my mum and dad. Sometimes they say, “No, I

couldn’t live with my mother,” and I normally reply back, “I couldn’t live with your mother, either!” But as soon as these sceptics visit the lovely old house we call home and see our lives for themselves, it’s as if they suddenly understand, a t was shortly after Nick and I 1 married, that Mum told me she’d seen a red-bnckEdwardian house for saie. The house was on the market for a sum, which was more than we could afford on our own. But the more we thought about it, the more we realised that, by combining all our finances, we could stretch to the asking price.

— h e r e wasn’t even much | discussion about the pros and cons of being under the same roof again. We all got on well, so none of us had any doubts. S. | ick, the children and I Jl| have the first and second floors of the house, while Mum and Dad are downstairs. Although we no longer share a kitchen, we have a communal room on the ground floor where we all meet for family meals and celebrations for Christmas. The house is so big that I sometimes go for two or three days without bumping into Mum and Dad. g can say that we don’t have 1 arguments, though we do have discussions about things. I believe that our lifestyle, which is considered unusual by some people, works really well.

Would it work for you?

her partner.

Living with her parents is Dawn’s ideal set-up, but other women might not agree. However, there are many sensible reasons why the idea can/cannot work. We asked three women if they could imagine living with their parents again. Lorna Gooding, 33, lives in London with

I’m extremely close to my mum and dad and we have lots in common, but I certainly couldn’t live with her. I can see the benefits for some people in terms of child and pet care, but the cons far outweigh the pros. I couldn’t snugglejip with my boyfriend on the sofa if my mum or dad walked in, I’d feel like

a naughty teenager and 1 certainly wouldn’t feel comfortable walking around in my knickers! I don’t think I’d be able to fully relax. Gemma Taylor, 39, lives in Oxford with her husband and four children.

The idea sounds quite attractive. My husband works very long hours, and often I feel like I’m

slogging away on my own with four children. My mother, who lives in Yorkshire, often says, “If only you lived nearer, I could give you so much help.” I can’t see many advantages from my parents’ point of view, though. They’d like to see more of us, but I think they’d find us much too noisy to live with. Catherine Hood, 38, a publisher, lives in Kent with her husband and two children.

I’d like to see my parents more than I do, but wouldn’t want to live with them again. It would feel like going backwards. I’d argue with Dad, and I think both of my parents would be stricter with my children than I’d like. They’ve got quite old-fashioned ideas about discipline. 1 don’t think they’d like it much, either - they’re happy with their independence.

-

from Family Circle Christ mas, Decem ber 2002, pp. 2224.

I What’s your opinion on living with your parents later on?

Teenagers and their parents have lots of disagreements and conflicts. First, work alone and make a list of the five main things you disagree or argue about. Next, compare your list to your partner’s. Are there any differences? What do the lists have in common? Finally, take one of these issues and role play an argument between you and one of your parents. Sketch out the dialogue, and be ready to act it out for the class. Make the dialogue realistic, but you can make it humorous, too. 1.

2.

1.

whose father is an

engineer

3.

who would like to

raise a big family

Find someone in the

class: 2.

who has a niece or

nephew

4.

who was bom is

March

5.

whose grandmother

is retired

6.

who has an aunt or

an uncle abroad

7.

whose parents have

divorced

8.

who is an only child

9.

whose parents had a

church wedding

10.

who wants to remain

single 3.

get

In five minutes try to as

much

information about your partner’s family as you can: - draw their family tree - ask for full names, e x a c t d a t e o f b i r t h , j o b s . e t c

. Note down the most important data and be ready to give a short summary of your partner’s family. Find out what your partner hopes his/her family will be like in 10 or 15 years when he/she is married. Or will he/she be married at all? How many children? Cousins, nephews, nieces, etc. ? 4.

before your partner Role play - At the Petland pet sho could guess p

Look at these two photos. 5.

?

Have a class discussion. What are some fair, basic house rules for teenagers to live by so that there will be as little conflict between children and their parents as possible? 6.

Choose one and start describing it to your partner so that she/he can guess which one it is. Make :: difficult - start by listing the common features first, then add the details that are different. How many sentences did you make

Stu dent A:

you wan t to buy a pet for you and you r

fa mi ly. Yo u are n’t sur e wh at kin d of pet yo u’ d lik e or wo uld be sui tab le for yo u. Yo u’r e als o ver y dif fic

ult to plea se. You don’ t wan t to spe nd a lot of mon ey.

Stu den t B:

y o u a r e a s h o p

as sis ta nt at th e pe t sh op . Fi nd ou t ab ou t th e cu st o m er ’s fa mi ly si ze , lif es tyl e an d

“ p e r s o n a l i t y , ” a n d r e c o m m e n d a s u i t a b l e p e t. T

ry to m ak e a go od m at ch be tw ee n th e fa mi ly an d th e pe t, bu t al so tty to se ll so m et hi ng

e x p e n s i v e s o t h a t y o u c a n m a k e a l o t o f m o n e y ! D o

n’ t fo rg et, bu si ne ss is bu si ne ss !

V. T H I N K I T O V E R JWhat is the average family like in Hungary? What’s your own family like?

1.

it.

What are the most common pets in Hungary? Have you got one? Talk about

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Do you share your house with your grandparents? Is it common in Hungary? Why? 2.

3.

The “nuclear” family isn’t as close as it used to be. Discuss.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R How might family life 100 years ago have been different from what it is now? Think about family size, equality of the sexes, the relationship between parents and children, etc. 4.

Do you approve of couples living together and having children without getting married? 5.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R What is your view on the saying: “Marriages are made in heaven and should last forever”? 6.

If you were going to be married, would you like to be arranged like the Unification Church marriage? Why or why not? 7.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 8.

What is the ideal time or age in your opinion to start a family?

9.

Would you treat your children as equals?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 10. How

much freedom were you given in your childhood to make your own decisions?

11. What

do middle-aged people find most irritating in teenagers? What do teenagers find most irritating in middle-aged people?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 12. Discuss

•

the following statements:

Even young children should get regular pocket money.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

Children should be free to choose their own friends.

•

When children are 16, they should be free to do what they like.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 13. Some

people prefer cats as pets, others prefer dogs. What do you think their reasons are? Do you prefer one to the other? VI. GET ORGANISED

Use this outline to talk about you and your family in an organized fashion.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

Number of members in your nuclear family: father, mother, sister, etc.

•

Parents: name, age, job, brief description

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

Brothers and sisters: names, ages, jobs

•

Pets: types, names, brief descripiton

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

Living situation: Parents together/separated/divorced/remarried?

Half-brothers or sisters?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

Other close relatives: grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, etc.

•

Family activities together: Excursions? Vacations? TV? Movies? Theatre?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

Conclusion: Your feelings/opinion about your family - ideal?

Wish you had another brother or sister?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 2. YOU AND YOUR FRIENDS (DESCRIBING PEOPLE)

I.

READ AND COMPARE

Sarah is very interested in her appearance. She’s tall for a woman and quite slim. Her hair is really light brown but it changes colour according to fashion. She has an oval face with a rather sharp nose, a wide mouth, hazel eyes, and a pale . complexion. She spends most of her money on clothes and makeup. She prefers tailored suits or model dresses. She always wears fine nylon stockings and highheeled shoes. She has a Persian lamb coat, many different hats and handbags and

V. T H I N K I T O V E R accessoriesJo match most of her clothes. She loves expensive jewellery.

Louis is rather short, broad- shouldered and stocky. He has a round, rather red face, a small turned-10 nose and pale blue eyes. His fair hair is wavy, but it is now quite thin and he’s beginning to go bald He usually has a pipe in his mouth and his hands in his pockets. He takes little interest in clothes but prefers a loosefitting tweed jacket and trousers, with a knitted pullover under the jacket. He usually wears a raincoat in winter, and never has a hat. He has an evening suit but hates having to put it on. /

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 1.

The photographs and the descriptions don’t exactly match. Find as many differences as you can.

2.

Describe the appearance and clothing of anyone you know.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

Read through the descriptions in Section / again and find all the expressions that refer to appearance. Group them like this:Body

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Hair

Face

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Nose

Eyes

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Mouth Which of the following characteristics could you call “positive ”(+), which “ negative”(-), and which do you think depends on the context (C) ? Check a dictionary if necessary and discuss your opinion with your partner. 1.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Can you think of any more words to add? Use a dictionary

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w .Tom always starts fights with his brother.

a)

,

Jerry doesn’t really seem to care about anyone.______L_I_

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w e) Barbie always tries to control everyone in every situation.___i_____

d) Ken’s

plans are always very sensible and realizable. , 2_______

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w e)

Regina isn’t afraid of anything - bungee jumping, sky diving,

even mountain climbing. * .■*» ■ • • »___

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w f)

Paul is always worried that he failed the test, though he always passes. .____

-t. Using some of the adjectives in Exercise 2, write example sentences about someone you know to illustrate those characteristics.

e.g. My best friend Ildi is really shy. For example, when we go to parties together she never walks up to strangers and introduces herself.

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w •

Try to use these difficult words, too: insecure, easy-going, outgoing, reserved,

Look at this list of clothing and accessories and decide whether they are female (f), male tm). unisex (u). 5.

Some items are formal; for example you m ight wear them to the opera, to an office job or to a wedding. Other items are informal or casual; for example, you might wear them to school, at home or at the leisure centre. Group them accordingly. 6.

2

edzocipo'

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Are you like your sun sign?

Aries (21 March - 20stlh April)

3 esokabât/ballonkabât

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Characteristics: energetic, courageous, decisive, impatient, selfish. You are good in emergencies, willing to gamble or find another job. But you aren’t patient with other people or likely to save money.

Taurus (21st April - 21st May)

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Characteristics: calm, have common sense, practical, stubborn, unable to adapt to new situations, need things more than you need people. You work hard and save money, but don’t like your plans to be changed.

Gemini (22nd May - 21st June)

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Characteristics: adaptable, able to speak fluently, lack practical skills, two- faced. You can easily find another job and talk your way out of trouble, but you don’t enjoy dealing with household problems.

Cancer (22"d June -22"d July)

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Characteristics: thrifty, adaptable, good at household management, tend to worry and be sensitive to criticism. You are kind to your relations and work hard, but aren’t good in a sudden emergency, and don’t like gambling.

Leo (23rd July-22nd August)

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Characteristics: self-confident, able to organize, optimistic, all of which can go too far. You are perfect in a crisis and speak fluently. Better at gambling than saving.

Virgo (23rd August - 22nd September)

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Characteristics: have common sense, efficient, adaptable, but too proud of efficiency and lack confidencc in other things. You solve practical problems easily, and are good in emergencies unless they involve risks or appearing in public.

Libra (23rd September - 22"d October)

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Characteristics: charming, kind to others, have reasonable attitudes, indecisive. You apologise beautifully and complain tactfully, but saving money is difficult, and emergencies worry you.

Scorpio (23rd October - 22nd November)

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Characteristics: courageous, determined, inflexible, strongly against injustice or injury. A good survivor in most circumstances, but you are a dangerous enemy.

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w

Sagittarius (23rd November - 22nd December)

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Characteristics: cheerful, good in emergencies, tactless, not good at practical jobs around the house. You handle most things well, but may say the wrong things in some situations.

Capricorn (23rd December - 20th January)

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Characteristics: practical, have common sense, calm, intolerant, pessimistic. You solve the practical problems and put up with inconvenience, but problems in the future worry you.

Aquarius (2P4 January - 18 February)

Find words which can be used to describe: - older people, 4

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Characteristics: cool, detached, separated from events. You don’t mind dealing with hardships, and you can handle people in most situations without losing your temper.

young women.

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w Pisces (19lhth February - 20th March) Characteristics: sensitive, adaptable, indecisive, willing to accept what others say. You are kind to your relations and sympathetic to friends, but you don’t have enough self-confidence to take charge, in an emergency. Compatibility in Friendship at a glance

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w I = the pits:

you are not compatible 10 = the peaks:

3. Read these sentences. Find an adjective in Exercise 2 you think the sentence illustrates. 0-w you’ve been made for each other Key

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

W h y i s i t that society still

considers wrinkles and the bags sexy on an older man, but regards a woman as finished the minute she shows signs of age? By Ros Miles. " u sexism of AGEISM

Lizzie was 24 when she met Rick. He was 32, So was his wife. Within a year he had left her and his two children for Lizzie. Ten years and two more children later, Rick, now 42, met Alison. She was 24. Alison now has Rick and a child by him. She wants a big family. Lizzie gives her 10 years - or until the next 24-year-old comes along. ^ Beware of the man who dates only 24-year-olds. He’s showing all the symptoms of a horrible attitude that affects most of the adult male population. Look around you. Haven’t you noticed the attitude that a woman is worth something only as long as she’s young and pretty, and that any female who is over 30 is ready to be thrownout with the garbage? Many of us sense this. “I cried and cried on my thirtieth birthday,” says Davina Cox, a 32-year-old systems analyst from Edinburgh. “I just felt so old.” Maggie asked herself at 25, “Am I still attractive?” Whether we know it or not, we’re all victims of the same attitude: ageism, a discrimination against a person - particularly a woman - because of her age. Along with racism and sexism, ageism holds us women back from individual fulfillment and'human growth. Ageism ensures that a fresh young face and figure are the main prerequisites for male attention, career progress and success in the marriage market. Just look at the inequality. Lots of men well into their 50s and 60s are still considered handsome: Sean Connery, Paul Newman and Clint Eastwood. But women still considered attractive in their 50s - like Tina Turner, Jane Fonda, Joan Collins and Catherine Deneuve - are rare. People say that men only get lines, women get wrinkles.

Attitudes need to be changed, as well as laws. Our ideal should be a world where the wife of former President Bush can wear her white hair and wrinkles with pride, instead of being nicknamed “the First Grandmother” by the press. Growing older should be seen as an enriching, not terrifying thing

.The London Police sent a description of a man who hasn ’t been seen for a week. But two of the letters on the teleprinter don’t work. Can you write out the proper message?

TH MAN TALL AND THN WTH BLUE EYE AND BLACK HAR. HE HA BG EAR. HE LVE N LONDON WTH H WEE AND EVEN ON. HE ALWAY CARRE A LTTLE WHTE CAE, AND WEAR GREY TROUER, A GREEN HRT, BLACK HOE, AND A BLUEBOW-TE.

You are going to meet a friend of your sister’s at the airport. You've never met her before. What do you ask your sister? Make up the dialogue. 1.

What kind of person are you? Fill in the answers in the questionnaire about yourself. Be as honest as you dare. Then find a partner - if possible someone you know quite well already. See if your partner agrees with your own picture of your personality. 2.

Datalink... more than Computer Dating ^ DATAUNK: P.O.BOX 100, STRATFORD-UPONAVON CV37 6LElam over 17 YOUR PERSONALITY

Are you.. YOUR INTERESTS ANDplease ACTIVITIES II-Your you enjoy the following tick. If you dislike them Age. Age range o( person you wish to meet Min Max During the last ten years nearly one million people have completed our questionnaires. So why not fill In this simple version. We will then send you, in complete CONFIDENCE, and with no obligation a full Colour Guide on the workings of Datalink, together with details of just ONE OF THE MANY Datalink members who we feel you would like to meet FULL Names {CAPITALS) __ START HERE Occupation Nationality Your Sex (M/F) - Your Height

For Brochure by return post, phone (0789) 414400 (24-hr Reply Service) tolr DATALINK: PO.BOX 100, STRATFORD-UPON-AVON CV37 6LE %KHUlliwlp

Together with your partner try to pair up the following seven people into the three best- matched couples. Imagine the perfect mate for the odd one, and write a similar advertisement for him/her. 3.

Lonely Heart s Divorced lady aged 41, no ties. Seeks male for lasting relationship. Loving, caring person, fun to be with. I am 5ft 4in, red hair, nice blond streaks, greenblue eyes. Photo appreciated. I live at St. Helens, Merseyside at I.

present. But could live colour, any nationality, anywhere with right photo please. Box person. Please write to number CN 5377 Box No. DL 3695 3. Pleasant sensible 2. Cheshire male, 40, widower, 50, of shy, dislikes discos, likes good appearance and travel/history. Requires background, 5 ft 6in tall, young lady, 20-30 for non-smoker and friendship/marriage. Any teetotaller, no car or

children, seeks sound easygoing lonely lady similar to self in Southern England requiring companionship. Box No. PS 3524 Shy lonely male, 42, seeks female company 30 + for permanent friendship/marriage. Box No. SL 2345 5. Sincere, caring, happy male, down to earth, 8 4.

good management job,divorced (smoker), seeks Lady, 48, young at heart, own kind, male, 40-50, for house Essex, seeks attractive female, 25-45, friendship. All genuine sincere, caring, any area. replies answered. Photo Children no objection, please. London area. lasting relationship. Box Box No. TR 395 No. SC 4566 6. Female, 39, divorced, 2 children, seeks kind sincere male for friendship, 39-49. Photo please, Bolton Lane’s area. Box No. FD 7663

Now write a classified ad about yourself for the Lonely Hearts section. In incomplete sentences describe yourself and describe the perfect mate you 're looking for. 4.

Look at the people in these photos. First describe their physical appearance. Then describe their personalities as you imagine them from their appearance. Use adjectives that you learned in ¡1/2. Which of these people do you think you would like? What exactly would you like about them? 5.

98

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

1.

What do you think of this text? (It dates back to 1050! Of course, it’s modernized.) ^otnig people So&irtj’

99

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

‘The world is passing through troubled times. The young people of today think of nothing but themselves. They have no reverence for parents or old age; they are impatient of all restraint; they talk as if they alone knew everything, and what passes for wisdom with us is foolishness with them. As for the girls, they are foolish and immodest and unwomanly in speech, behaviour and dress.’ (Peter the Hermit, Anno 1050)

2.

How would you describe yourself to someone you’ve never met before?

100

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

How do you choose your friends? What inner qualities do you consider as essential ones? 3.

Imagine that you work for an advertising company and must choose actors and actresses for some humorous TV commercials to advertise a new soft drink. Decide what you want them to look like and how you want them to be dressed. Here are the choices: 4.

101

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

-

a gangster and his girlfriend

- King Arthur and Guinevere

-

Tarzan and Jane

- Attila the Hun and Ildiko

102

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

-

Mark Antony and Cleopatra

-

a typical English businessman and wife - Superman and Lois Lane

103

- a typical Hungarian peasant couple

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

5.

What are the main similarities and differences between you and your best friend?

In what ways do you think young people are different in different countries? Think about physical build and looks, the way they dress, character, independence, etc. 6.

104

VI. GET ORGANISED

It's easier to imagine what somebody is like if you describe her/him in a clear way. Use this outline to help you describe some people you know well. Can your partner guess who you’re describing?

VI. GET ORGANISED Physical Appearance

-

Sex, Age (nationality)

VI. GET ORGANISED -

Build: height, weight, etc. (don’t use cm or kg; use adjectives like tall, plump, etc.)

-

Face: eyes, nose, mouth, etc.

VI. GET ORGANISED -

Hair: length, style, colour, etc.

-

Distinguishing/unusual features: glasses, scar, etc.

VI. GET ORGANISED Clothes

What she/he usually wears: types, typical/favourite colours, materials, style (trendy, old fashioned, classic, etc.) -

VI. GET ORGANISED -

What she/he wears sometimes but doesn’t like

-

Your opinion about her/his clothes and whether they suit her/him

VI. GET ORGANISED Personality

Use adjectives to describe her/his personality, and give examples or anecdotes that illustrate those characteristics -

VI. GET ORGANISED Conclusion

-

Your opinion about her/him

VI. GET ORGANISED •

Use lots of adjectives to describe features, clothes, etc. e.g. sensuous lips, attractive dark blue wool coat, etc.

•

Use some adverbs to modify the adjectives, e.g. extremely tall, quite thin, particularly funny, really goofy, etc.

Jokes

VI. GET ORGANISED Fred: There is one word that describes my wife - temperamental Bill: In what way?

Fred: She’s fifty per cent temper and fifty percent mental.

VI. GET ORGANISED Father: Where did your mother go?

Son: She is round at the front.

VI. GET ORGANISED Father: I know what she looks like, I want to know where she is!

Visiting the Modern Art Museum a lady turned to an attendant standing nearby.

VI. GET ORGANISED

V

‘This,’ she said, ‘I suppose is one of those hideous representations you call modem art?’ ‘No, Madam,’ said the attendant, ‘That one is called a mirror.’

VI. GET ORGANISED SCHOOL I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

Most Americans go to co-educational public high schools. I went to a single-sex private boarding school with about 250 students. It had six grades, but most high schools have four. Every year we had to take Maths, History, English. Science, one Foreign Language and PE, but there was a certain amount of choice as well. These extra courses are called electives. In American high schools you take just one science every year.

VI. GET ORGANISED But academic subjects were far from being the only thing required of us. There were also compulsory sports, so we had to play on a sports team every season, like American football in the autumn, soccer or basketball in the winter, tennis or baseball in the spring, and a lot of other choices. Different schools’ teams competed against each other in championship tournaments. Other activities were available as well. I sang in the choir and was co-editor of the school yearbook. There were various clubs you could join, such as astronomy and chess, a French Club and so forth.

There was no uniform at my school, but there was a dress code. We had to wear a coat and tie. Also there was an honor code - each student had to agree not to cheat, lie or steal. It was a religious school - or sort of - so we had to go to chapel briefly every day. And because it was a boarding school we had to eat all our meals at the school dining hall, and we lived in donttitories. two boys to each room. Homework? You bet] I had a ton of homework to do every night, which usually took me four or five hours to complete.

VI. GET ORGANISED Kevin Shopland

VI. GET ORGANISED Put each of the following words or phrases into its correct space in the passage below. 1.

co-educational, private, primary, tutorial, gradt&fe,"nursery school, grant, O* secondary, lecture, break up, compulsory, fees, academic, state, terms, seminar, degree

VI. GET ORGANISED When children are 2 or 3 years old, they sometimes go to a (a)i > , where they learn

simple games and songs. Their first real school is called a (b)__^ Britain

school.

In

VI. GET ORGANISED children start this school at the age of 5. The (c) J_year in Britain begins in September

and is divided into three (d) _ '__;__. Schools (e) ___ for the summer holiday in

VI. GET ORGANISED July, (f)

-_____education begins at the age of about 11, and most schools at this level

are

(g)

:_______, which means boys and girls study together in the same classes. In Britain

VI. GET ORGANISED education is (h) _______from 5 to 16 years of age, but many children choose to remain at

school for another 2 or 3 years after 16 to take higher exams. Most children go to (i)

VI. GET ORGANISED schools, which are maintained by the government or local educational authorities, but some

children go to (j)________schools, which can be very expensive. University courses

VI. GET ORGANISED normally last 3 years and then students (k)_______ , which means they receive their

(1) ■

At university, teaching is by (m) ■ ;; (an individual lesson between a

VI. GET ORGANISED teacher and 1 or 2 students), (n)'

(a class of students discussing a subject with a

teacher), (o)________(when a teacher gives a prepared talk to a number of students) and of

VI. GET ORGANISED course private study. Most people who receive a university place are given a (p) '

by the government to help pay their (q)

-

and living expenses.

School expressions Or Many expressions about school require prepositions, but not all of them. Write the correct preposition into the space, or write X if no preposition is required. 2.

VI. GET ORGANISED go (a)___:_______________________school; be interested (b)_a subject; be good/bad (c) ________:_______________________a subject; take

(d)_____a test/quiz; cheat (e)_a test; pass/fail (f)___a test; be bored (g) ___ school;

skip (h) s class (= not go to class without permission); get (i) A your examsDefine the following words or expressions in English, and what are they in Hungarian? (Where there are Uvo expressions, the first is British, the second American.)

sit an exam / take an exam mark / grade

records of achievement / report card

parent-teacher meeting

school premises

humanities

arts

sciences

quiz

year group / grade form / class

fourth former / senior (12th grader) subject teacher

form teacher / homeroom teacher head teacher / principal deputy head / assistant principal kindergarten test

General Certificate of Secondary Education / high school diploma final comprehensive exams

School facilities Put these school facilities into the columns. 3.

auditorium, infirmary, language laboratory, football field, canteen, basketball court, library, ofvservafory, music room, tennis court; secretary’s office, computet room, gymnasium, art studio, swimming pool, handball field, porter’s office, snack bar, science laboratory, language lab

Does your school have any other facilities not on the list? What are they? Can you explain what all these facilities are used for?R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

M i n i s t e r. aims to get sums right By Tamás S Kiss

HUNGARIAN teaching has traditionally been u idely respected, as proven by many multinational companies having chosen the country due to its well-

educated worlcfbrce. But the nation is now facing serious challenges in this area.

It stands on the brink_of joining the European Union, yet many areas of its education system lag behind expected 21st century standards, according to the present Minister of Education.

He said he believed students in the public education system were overburdened with encyclopaedic knowledge they would probably never really use. “Students in the system have not been taught to really learn independently. Students

must learn to develop a socalled lifelong learning concept.” “In today’s Europe, educated people must be flexible enough to manage situations where they could be compelled, to adapt to new trades about four or five times in their lifetime,” he said. “It is no longer enough to count on traditional knowledge, but rather they must learn to expand their horizons for more complex requirements.”

The Minister said that even from primary school

age Hungarian children were burdened with far too stressful learning methods and this only intensified as they progressed to college and university. “In the last two years of high school, gimnázium students are compelled to study for as many as 50-55 hours a week,” he said. This includes their normal lessons, homework, extra lessons and even private lessons.”

for International Student Assessment, compiled by the Parisbased Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). “The report states that Hungarian children at the age of 15 do not really comprehend what they are reading,” said the Minister, adding that in this report Hungary was ranked 23rd among the 30 OECD member countries. “That is appalling and disgraceful,” he said.

He said his fears were based on the results of a report called the Program The Budapest Sun, August 15-21,

200 2

Discuss with your class what you think should be done to improve the education system in Hungary. Are there any subjects and requirements that are 100% irrelevant to your future? What skills or knowledge are not being taught now that should be? Do you think learning English is relevant?

In a fair, democratic society everyone should have equal opportunities for education, jobs and advancement regardless of race, religion, colour of skin, sexual orientation, etc. Read this article about Roma students in Hungary. 2.

R o m a

p r o g r e s s

AN INTERIM report issued by the Open Society Institute (OSI) on its Step By Step Roma Schools Initiative showed that in the first two years of the three-year project, Roma schoolchildren met the standards of the mainstream educational curriculum.

Many Roma children in Hungary are placed in special schools for the mentally handicapped, a practice which the OSI as well as Roma rights organizations are campaigning to end.

The project, which is also being run in Bulgaria, Slovakia and Romania, integrated 51 Roma children into mainstream Hungarian schools, with a further 50 in either special schools or remedial classes in mainstream schools acting as a control group.

According to the interim report, the integrated group performed significantly better than those in the control groups.

“Although the results are from the end of a second year of a three-year project, they prove that these children are misplaced in remedial classes,” the report concluded. from The Budapest Sun, July 25-31,2002/What is your opinion on segregating^ Roma students?

Why do you think Roma children need special treatment?

What can be the advantages and disadvantages of placing Roma children in everyday classes in schools?

I V. D o I t YOURSELF Look at the list of school subjects. Then decide which subjects the following school-jokes refer to. 1.

Maths / Mathematics English Foreign Languages

I V. D o I t YOURSELF Biology Earth Science Government Religion Algebra Physics Chemistry Geometry Home Computer Economics Sciences Physical Education

Geography

Economics

Philosoph

History y a)

What sort of instrument did the ancient Britons play? The Anglo-Saxophone.

I V. D o I t YOURSELF b)

c)

Give me a sentence with the word centimetre in it. My Mum was coming home from work and I was centimetre.

Why is E a lazy letter? Because it’s always in bed.

I V. D o I t YOURSELF Why is Europe like a frying pan? Because it has Greece at the bottom. Who invented vulgar fractions? Henry the 1/8. If I had 40 apples in one hand and 50 in the other, what would I have? Big hands. d) e) f)

Why does lightning shock people? Because it doesn’t know how to conduct itself properly. h) Which is the fastest: heat or cold? Heat, you can catch a cold. i) Where did Napoleon keep his armies? Up his sleevies. j) How did the Vikings send secret messages? By Norse code. g)

Working with your partner choose the five most important characteristics of a good teacher. Discuss your choice with another pair. Then choose a spokesman for your group and compare your views with the rest of the class. 2.

I V. D o I t YOURSELF A GOOD TEACHER

-

keeps in contact with the parents of his or her pupils

I V. D o I t YOURSELF -

is able to maintain discipline and order

-

lets the student share his or her own life with all its ups and downs

I V. D o I t YOURSELF -

works hard to remain up-to-date in his or her subject

openly admits when he or she has made a mistake or doesn’t know something -

I V. D o I t YOURSELF -

is interested in his or her students, asks them about their homes and tries to help where possible

-

makes the students work hard and sets high standards

I V. D o I t YOURSELF -

uses a lot of different materials, equipment and teaching methods and attempts to make his or her lessons interesting

helps the students become independent and organise their own learnin

gStudent A

You’re the student. You’re applying to the university and you really want to get in. You’re a bit nervous, but rather confident of your abilities. Answer all the examiner’s questions thoughtfully, fully and enthusiastically. Your future depends on it!

StudentB

You’re the university examiner. Find out what the student is interested in. Ask a lot of tough questions in that subject to find out what she/he knows and doesn’t know. It’s been a long day and you’re quite tired and bored, so it’s difficult to pay attention to this student. Can this student wake up your interest so that you give her/him maximum points? At the end of the interview don’t forget to tell the student how many points you’ve given her/him. V V 4. Loo k at this

photo and discuss with your partner the following:

-

When do you think it was taken?

-

Why do you think he looks so happy?

-

In what way does the boy look different from teenagers nowadays?

-

What do you think his day at school was like?

-

What lessons did he have?

-

Did he have classmates?

girls

as

-

How many students do you think he had in his class?

-

Would you like to go to a school like his? Why or why not?

-

-

Teacher: “You can’t sleep in class, Francine.” VS-4

Do you like his uniform?

Would you like to have a special school uniform to show which school you go to?

Francine: “No. But if you didn’t talk so loudly I could,” J o k e s

Teacher: “Melinda, I hope I didn’t see you looking at Judy’s test paper.” Melinda: “So do I, ma’am.”

Nick: “Yes, sir. ’I’ is...”

Teacher: “No, no, Nick! You don’t say ’I is,’ you say ’I am’,”

English Teacher: “OK, Nick, give me a sentence starting with T’.”

Nick: “All right, sir. I am the ninth letter of the alphabet.”

It is said that single-sex schools have many advantages over coeducational schools. For example, girls in all-girls’ schools are more likely to take an active interest in mathematics and sciences compared to girls in co-educational schools, where these subjects are dominated by boys. Or there are often good choirs in all-boys’ school, whereas there are few boys in the choirs at co-educational schools.

1. Do

you think that the aim of secondary school education should be: a) practical (e.g. job training); b) to prepare you for university; c) to help you to develop your own character and personality? 2. Single-Sex

education?

Schools

or

CoDo you agree with these arguments for single-sex schools? Can you

think of other advantages? And what advantages do co-educational schools have over single-sex schools?

-

your parents should send a note explaining absence to your form teacher. -

3. Here

school:

are some rules at a British

you must come to lessons on time. you mustn’t skip lessons.

you don’t have to eat at the school canteen. -

you’re not jewellery. -

allowed

to

What are the rules at your school? If you were the head teacher of an ideal school, whal rules would you get rid of? What new rules would you introduce?

wear 4. Graduating

from high school sounds like a great idea, but it has some sad sides, too. What are they? What do you think you’ll miss when you leave school? Do you expect you’ll keep in close touch with your friends? What about your favourite teachers? And how will you ever be able to live without seeing the porter

every day?! VI. GET ORGANISED

You just know you’ll have to talk about your school when you take the English language exam or the school final exam. Be prepared!

Your school: name, type, location, number of students, number of grades/year groups -

Your class: number of students, specializes in? -

Your subjects: what you like, dislike, good at, bad at. elective subjects -

School facilities: library, computer room. etc. -

Sports at school: teams, competitions between classes, championships between schools; Do you take part? -

Lessons: number per day, how much work/homework you have to do -

Extra curricular activities: clubs, study circles; Do you take part? -

Conclusion: your opinion about your schoo

lH O U S I N G I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

Most British families live in houses. Perhaps you think this is not surprising. After all where else can people live? In fact in some countries most people live in flats or apartments. So do some people in Britain of course, but in British towns it is more common to find rows of houses rather than blocks of flats. A typical British house is semi-detached and has a garden at the front and the back; but a lot of people live in terraced houses, and the rich live in detached ones. In Britain over 50% of families buy their own houses, the others rent their homes.

169

The majority of houses and flats for rent in Britain are owned by local housing authorities. The local authority is responsible for building and maintaining the housing in its area.

In the 1950s and early 1960s tower blocks of flats were built in Britain to provide the most accommodation using the least amount of land.

170

Living in a ’high-rise’ block of flats has problems. Families feel isolated and lonely. There is not much contact with the neighbours. The children have nowhere to play. The old people have to depend on the lift (elevator) to reach the outside world. When the lift is not operating, the old people are cut off from human contact. It has now been realized that high-rise flats are not the answer to Britain’s housing problems. Old property is often preserved and improved, not pulled down. Large houses may be modernized inside and converted into small units, such as flats.1. Pui each of the following words or phrases into its correct space in the passage below.

A hou-.e consists of two floors - 5'. -_____and __________. Smoke comes out of a

5

171

Look at the pictures below and find examples of the different types of housing that are mentioned in the text, [ojw]

_________. The room under a house is called the -____. The pipe at the bottom of the

roof to carry away rainwater is called the “ ’' You eat in the ________1. space

172

The

under the roof, often used for storing boxes, etc. is called the_. Most families relax

Make five columns, for kitchen, sitting room, bathroom, hall, and bedroom and then put the following words into their appropriate columns. 2.

wardrobe, desk, settee, armchair, dressing table, coffee table, sideboard/buffet, vegetable rack, refrigerator, chest of drawers, tiles, gas/electric cooker, soap dish, sink, taps, towel rack, standing lamp/floor lamp, shower, mirror, curtain, sofa, built-in furniture, three-piece suite, 173

TV set, double bed, worktop/counter, bath tub, cupboard/cabinet, bookcase, washbasin, hi-fi set, oven, stereo system, waste bin, pillow, coat rack, blanket, staircase/stairs Every day there are advertisements in the daily papers for flats and houses, but they are often hard to understand because so many abbreviations are used, for the sake of economy. Work out what these abbreviations mean. Write out the adverts in full.

1.

Wembly lge 3 rm bungalow; sep toilet and bthrm; lge gdn. £50 p.w. Phone 742 6540.

174

2.

Norwood. 3 bedrm. fum. house. C.H., gge, 1 yr. Or more, £30 p.w.

3.

Newly furn. lux. flat., 2 lgeSth dble Harrow Lge bed-sit: use of gdn; nr stn; £55 beds., 1 single, large kit., mod. pcm. inc. rates; phone 887 2836 bathrm., sep. W.C. Long let £50 office hrs p.w. Tel 743 7869 after 6 pm.

. What is funny about the writer’s ’translations’ of these real estate terms? Do you think he is basically correct? 4.

Real Estate Terms And What They Mean

John Bendel. a writer, offered The New York Times these definitions of words and phrases that recur in real estate advertising : 175

Spacious. Average, Charming. Small, Comfortable. Very small. Cozy. Very, very, small.

No lawn.

Nowhere to park.

Walk to stores. Prestigious. Expensive.

Low maintenance.

176

Bright and sunny.

Venetian blinds not included.

177

Townhouse.

Modern.

Former tenement.

Thirty to 50 years old.

Contemporary.

Sprawling ranch.

Secluded setting.

At least 20 years old.

Inefficient floor plan.

Far away.

178

Executive neighbourhood.

Near houses of worship.

Park-like setting.

High taxes.

Fanatical sect next door.

A tree on block.

179

Unaffected charm.

Needs paint.

180

Starter home. Dilapidated.

Impeding collapse.

And much, much more. Hurry! Won’t last!

Nothing more to mention

181

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N .M O D E R N h !.K i ?. ?.. [ P. . ?. !x !.. Contemporary urban homes have become hot property for the trendy set. No longer are new homes in towns cramped little boxes for first time buyers who couldn’t afford anything better. Brand new homes are “cool” for the first time in living memory. Huge swathes of land in major towns and cities are being handed over to housing schemes and waterfront factories are being replaced by extremely expensive flats. In Central London, prices on most of the major Thames-side developments of flats begin at £350,000. ‘People are buying new homes because they aspire to the lifestyle which they provide - swimming pool, underground car parking, private gardens, glass-panelled lifts with panoramic views. People with busy lives don’t want to sit in traffic jams trying to get into town. They want to be in town, enjoying what’s on offer and not wasting time and money on homes in the country which are bigger than they really need’, says an estate agent. The better-off homebuyers are already back in town paying prices from around £140,000 to over £1 million for this trendiest of lifestyles. Nevent Mansions, Earls Court, London, flats from £300,000 - from Hello!, Number 743, December 10, 2002

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Once used as shared flats and bedsits for nurses, this imposing Victorian mansion block is being completely stripped out, so brand new homes will be created within a classic, ornate red-brick building which forms one side of a traditional London square. Some 27 one-, two-, and three-bedroom apartments are on the market. All are to include iop-of-the-range kitchens with stainless steel appliances, polished granite worktops and natural stone floors. Timber floors and high entrance doors are another key feature. Four stunning, three-bedroom duplex penthouses with balconies and roof terraces will crown the building.

Besides the excellent location of the property, residents will enjoy a state-of-theart indoor swimming pool, sauna and exclusive access to a health and fitness suite. It is situated within strolling distance of Kensington High Street.

/

How would you like living in the centre of a town compared to living in a suburban house? What are the advantages of each of

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N them?

Jot down your points first, then compare them with your partner’s.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N What do you find most important in a home? Rate each of the following features on a scale from 1 to 5, where 1 = absolutely essential and 5 = completely unnecessary. Discuss your answers with the rest of the class, and give your reasons if necessary.

central heating balcony

running hot water smoke detector television shower

near recreation facilities swimmingpool garage fitted carpets refrigerator burglar alarm open fireplace sauna

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N near countryside radio garden

bath

near shops

near public transport

record-player/tape recorde

double glazing freezer telephone r 1. My Dream House Building a dream house would cost an enormous amount of money, but suppose you could afford to build a house with a living/dining room, four bedrooms, kitchen, hall, bathroom and garage but with only one item from each of the lists below. Work in groups and decide which to choose:

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N swimming-pool or saiina or gymnasium, - washing machine or freezer or dishwasher ,

-

music room or games room or TV room,

-

playroom or library or study,

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N -

.

video recorder or piano or vegetable garden or flower garden or fruit garden hi-fi system,

Necessities: with all the modern conveniences, well-equipped household, easy to reach from the city centre, telephone, easy to clean, hot and cold running water, tiled bathroom floors, big enough for the family and for entertaining friends, easy to heat: central/block/gas/oil heating, tile stove, electric fire, open fireplace, convection heaters. When you have decided what to have, draw a ground-floor plan of the house, showing where you’re going to put everything. Assume that the bedrooms and bathroom are upstairs. Look at this picture and try to imagine what it is like inside and what kind of people live there. Where do you think it is? (What country, what sort of district?) Imagine you are the owner of the house. Give your partner a short description 2.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N of it and answer his/her questions.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N You have just moved into a new house/flat. Write a letter to a friend describing it and inviting him/her to stay. Make your home and the area you live in sound as attractive as possible. 3.

Suppose you got a temporary' job in England and you have to find a flat to rent for a year. You go to an estate agent who offers you two one-bedroom flats: a very cheap one in a suburb, and a more expensive one next to the place you ’re going to work. Which flat would you choose? Make up the dialogue with your partner. 4.

Look at these ads for housing in Budapest. Which one is right for you? Justify your choice to your partner. Be as greedy as you like ! ELEGANT PRIVACY

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N LARGE GARDE

A

N Villa built at the turn of you can chill out in fee: USD 2,300 ID 546 Rental the century in a highly your spate time, come elegant style. The 13 as extras with the rooms, 2 kitchens make property. it more than suitable for a residency. The large balcony is perfect Size: 307 sqm for outdoor receptions Rental fee: USD 3,000 ID 0249 in the summer. Further places downstairs This for newly built cosy family the stuff. house has 3 bedrooms, a large living room and Size: 460 sqm a study. Unique garden Rental fee: USD 8,500 ID 5753 belongs to the property which could be Detached house is for excellent for children rent with spacious for outside activities. living room and direct access to the garden. Gym and sauna, where Size: 240 sqm 5 Mediterranean style house is for rent with wonderful panoramic view to the area. A very big swimming pool with slide, sauna and snooker room can also be found in the property. It also has a garage for several cars, many parking places and a beautiful garden with palm trees, nice plants and flowers. Size: 380 sqm

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Rental fee: USD 7,200 ID 103

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 9What types of housing do British people live in? What about Hungarianse1

1.

When and why were high-rise blocks built in Britain? What about in Hungary?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R What is your opinion of the appearances of new housing estates and old-style streets? 2.

3.

What are the arguments for either pulling down or presen ing old houses0

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 4.

What sort of work is involved in fixing old houses'.’

5.

Why do you think people can feel isolated in high-rise flats'1

V. T H I N K I T O V E R What do you think about life on housing estates'? Are there good points as well as bad ones? 6.

7.

How difficult is it to get a home of your own? Is it especialh hard for young people?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 8.

What could be done to help homeless people have a place to live ?

9.

Think about your neighbourhood and talk about what it used to be like compared to now. What changes do you expect to find in your town in 10 years time0

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Look at the photos below. Which house would you most like to live in'? Why would it be most suitable for you? Describe its layout and the different rooms in it.

10.

VI. GET ORGANISED Telling someone ali about your flat or house is easy if you follow this simple outline:

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

Type: house or flat?

•

Location: region, town (district), village?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Size: (e.g. rather large, quite small, not 300 sqm), number of rooms, types of rooms (don’t forget: the bathroom and kitchen are rooms, too) •

•

Grounds: garden (with flowers or vegetables, etc.)? playground or park nearby?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Surrounding area: housing estate? residential area with houses? shops nearby? connenctions for public transportation? •

•

Your neighbours: friendly? noisy? horrible? best friends? don’t know them at all?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Your opinion of your place: like? dislike? favourite room or place in the house? changes you would make if you could? 5. HOUSEWORK AND MENDING •

The author of the following article suggests that it is typically the wife’s duty to manage the household, and implies that it shouldn’t be this way. Do you agree? What’s it like in your family? Who is responsible for which housework duties?

I

Why I Want a Wife belong to that ciass of people known as wives. I am a Wife. And, not altogether incidentally. 1 am also a mother.

Not too long ago a male friend of mine appeared on the scene from the Midwest fresh from a recent divorce. He had one child, who is. of course, with his ex-wife.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R He is obviously looking for another wife. As 1 thought about him while 1 was ironing one evening, it suddenly occured to me that I, too, would like to have u wiie. Why do I want a wife?

I would like to go back to school so that I can become economically independent, support myself, and, if need be. support those dependent upon me. 1 want a wife who will work and send me to school. And while 1 am going to school I want a wife to take care of my children. 1 want a wife to keep track of the childrens’ doctor

and dentist appointments. And to keep track of mine. too. 1 want a wife to make sure my children eat properly and are kept clean. [...] 1 want a wife who will take care of my physical needs. 1 want a wife who will keep my house clean. A wife who will pick up after my children, u wife who will keep my clothes clean, ironed, mauled, replaced when need be, and who will see to it that my personal things are kept in their proper place so that I can find what 1 need the minute 1 need it. I want a wife who cooks the meals, a wife who is a good cook. I want a wife who will plan the menus, do the necessary grocery shopping, prepare the meals, serve them pleasantly, and then do the cleaning up while 1 do my studying. 1 want a wife who will care for me when I am sick and sympathize with my pain and loss of time from school. I want a wife to go along when our family takes a vacation so that someone can continue to care for me and my children when 1 need a rest and a change of scene...

V. T H I N K I T O V E R My God, who wouldn 't want a wife? from an article by Judy Syfers published in "Notesfrom the Third Year", 197

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 1Read through the list of everday tasks given below and put an “M~ against those you think are for men, a “W” against those you think are for women, and a "X" for unisex' against those you think are for both sexes.

□

driving the car

D doing the shopping

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 0

looking after sick children 13 changing an eiectric light buib

□

□

pouring out drinks for guests EJ washing the dirty socks

doing the washing up ED hoovering the carpets taking the children to kindergarten or school □

Match the objects with the problems. 1.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R □

ironins ihe clothes

□

sew in 2 on buttons cleaning the car

[3 digging the sarden

□

cookine meals

V. T H I N K I T O V E R paying the bills Cl tidying up the flat

□

emptying the litterbi

n

tap, TV, camera, car, watch, telephone, casette recorder, washing machine

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Problems :

It won’t start.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R It doesn’t work.

It won’t record.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R It won’t ring. There’s no colour. It’s stopped.

The rewind’s stuck. It keeps flooding. It’s slow.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R It makes a funny noise.

It won’t wind. ■

V. T H I N K I T O V E R The dial’s broken.

It won’t stop dripping.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R One of the buttons is stuck- <

I can’t hear anything.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R It’s leaking. - < .

The flash won’t work properly. There’s something wrong with it .

f .

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Underline all the expressions related to housework and mending. Which of those chores do you have to do? Is this how you spend your Saturday morning?

/

I remember...

I remember those Saturday mornings when we were kids. Our parents would go off to the grocery store to do the shopping for the week. Meanwhile, we five kids had a lot of housework to do. Each of us was responsible for cleaning up her/his room. My younger sister and I were in one room, my two older sisters were in another. We had to pick up and put away all the toys and books and stuff, make the beds, and dust the furniture.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N I remember each of us had to do a lot of chores around the house. My oldest sister vacuumed the whole house. My other older sister dusted downstairs. I swept the basement steps, the front and back porches and steps, took out the garbage. My younger sisters helped with straightening_up the downstairs and who knows what else. Boy, talk about fun.

I remember all 1 really wanted to do was lie on the dining room floor in front of the TV and watch the Saturday morning cartoons: Mighty Mouse, Bugs Bunny, and especially the Pink Panther. That was my favorite. But my oldest sister would “crack the whip” and tell me and my little sisters to get to work. She was right, but what a boring way to spend a Saturday morning.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N I remember my parents would arrive home in the middle of all this, and then we’d have to run out and bring in all those bags of groceries. You need a lot of food for seven people for one week. And don’t forget about the food to feed the two Irish setter dogs.

We worked together to set the table and took turns washing the dishes during the week. But my mother did most of the dish washing and cooking, washed and ironed the clothes ... not to mention her full time job.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Now and then I’d wash the windows with my father, who was also great at carpentry and repairing electrical things and keeping everything working.

Yeah. I remember those Saturday mornings. Every week another Saturday would roll around, and it would be time to start doing the housework again.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N How do I spend my Saturday mornings now? Didn’t I mention? Same way.

Kevin Shopland Naked fury leaves Paul washed up -

SINK-SHY Paul Blacker was stripped naked and trusses! up l-ke a Christmas turkey after declaring that washing up was word's work" Paul 3'. had just iucked inio a feast of turkey *nd hwf when he settled mu in front of the TV and r»fused to budge when asked to help with the washing up. So his iurnws |A(s. including four women, stripped him trussed him up snd irog marched him to busy main read, where he was Med to a I ppost in the freezing cold. F nafty his Inends painted him from the waist *.vvn r bright green Da.nl and left hin there for 45 rr,(rvutes. Fellow (’|j?st . lele Keecli, 29, said H d dri sesm to bote r mim

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N because wfien we cut him nte he wus shouting u“rry Christmas' at oassers-by. The disagreement over wash ig up happeneo when twice-msniid Paul, who lives »tone in ©eekhestofi Vfltt Yorkshire, »-as if^ied to a Chfistmat Day party Paul, who worKS !cr 3 ! umeft firm '«as defiant after his public humiliation. He said *1 have dinner fifties and gel the women guests to wash up m t>e morntng. Otne limes I get take-outs and use disposable plates I never wash up and don't intend to start now. I'll suffer anything to iraid it It's women's work and that's all there is to it."

There’s an expression that goes: “With friends like that, who needs enemies?” What’s your opinion about what Paul’s friends did to him? What do you think about Paul refusing to help? Were they more enemies to each other than friends? Why, or why not?What would you choose to have in your idea! kitchen?

/

Would you like a gas or an electric cooker/stove (US)?

a dishwasher

a fridge and a freezer

a microwave oven

(an upright or a chestfreezer i

How about the smaller gadgets or labour-saving devices?

an electric tin/can opener

a sandwich maker

an electric kettle

a mixer or a blender

a grill

a coffee maker or percolator

an electric knife or a slicer

a toaster

a coffee mill

an electric mincer

What cooking implements would you prefer? non-stick pans pressure cooker

oven-proof glass bowls and casseroles (PYREX i stainless steel cutlery; Discuss it with yow partner. 1.

The following precautions refer to different household appliances such m

electric toaster, electric kettle, electric cooker, TV and hi-fi, electric blanket Which appliance does each precaution refer to?

a)

If children are around, turn pans so that the handles are out of reach, and s\\ itch off at the wall panel when not in use.

b)

c)

Switch off and unplug at the wall socket before filling or pouring. Fill with enough water to cover the element completely.

If bread sticks inside, switch off and unplug. Allow to cool, then remove bread with care, avoiding heating elements. Never poke around with a metal implement.

d)

e)

Switch off when not in use and remove mains plug from the supply socket. Never attempt repairs - call in a specialist engineer.

Switch off the preheated type before getting into bed. Never use it folded or creased. Never switch on if damp.

Imagine you are living in a country where being a husband or a wife is a job like any other job. Try to write a 'job specification ’for both jobs. Your job specification should include: 2.

1. 2.

hours of work 5. responsibilities holidays 6. ‘perks’(other benefits from the job)

duties 7. period of notice (how longa warning you must give before leaving the job) 3.

4.

pay

8. qualification needed

You don’t have time to do the housework so you ’ve decided to hire a house-cleaner. Role play an interview between you and the prospective housecleaner. Tell your partner what jobs you expect them to do and how you expect them to be done. Don’t forget to negotiate a salary! 3.

Role play - Happy home ! Look at this photo. Looks fun, doesn’t it? Get into groups of four, choose a role, and act it out. Be ready to perform your sketch for the whole class. Student A You’re the mother. repairmen didn’t You’ve had a bad day. show up or didn’t fix Everything went them properly), so wrong at home (all the you’re tired and household appliances frustrated. You’ve broke down, the been so busy with 4.

all the housework and the problems that you haven’t had time to prepare dinner.

V

You’re the father. You’re the kid on the left. You You’ve just come aren’t hungry, so you home from work. don’t want to eat. You You’re tired and don’t like the hungry, and you want programme that’s on your home- cooked dinner NOW. You TV and you want to always think that you change the channel. don’t have enough Screaming is your money to go out to a favourite way of restaurant. And you “persuading” people HATE McDonald's. You just want to talk about your work day, and you’re not a very good listener. s.________________y Student C

__) Student B

. Student D

You’re the kid on the right. You’re hungry, but you don’t want a home-cooked meal. You want to go out to Me Donald’s. You’re older than your brother, so you always get your way. You want to watch this TV programme. But maybe if your little brother agrees to start screaming with you for McDonald’s you'll agree to change the channel. V_______________

Have fun

V. T H I N K I T O V E R !Consider the different household chores. What is your order of preference if you have to do them? Which do you like least and which do you really hate?

Is anyone around your house good at mending or fixing things'1 What can she/he do? 1.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 2.

Is the housework shared in your family? Who does what?

Yikes! You’ve just broken your mom’s favorite porcelain vase! How will >ou fix it yourself so that she won’t find out? 3.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R You’ve invented a robot that can do six housework duties. What can it do and how does it do these jobs? 4.

Would you hire someone to come in and clean your house regularly if you could afford it? What are the advantages? Could there be any disadvantages? 5.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 6.

What labour-saving devices, if any, are used in your home?

Does automation in the home really make life simpler? Aren’t there just more machines to break down and need repair? Discuss. 7.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 8.

Discuss the following statements:

•

Housewives should be paid a salary.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

Husbands should do some of the housework.

•

Children should do some of the housework.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

A woman’s place is in the home.

•

Most housework is not really important. VI.

GET ORGANISED

V. T H I N K I T O V E R There’s bad luck, and there’s really bad luck. Bad luck is having to do a little housework. Really bad luck is having to talk about housework on your language exam. What could be more boring? How will you survive? - By following this handy outline!

-

List the basic household chores

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

When the housework is done at your house

-

Which jobs you do

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

Which jobs other members of the family do

-

(Or does a cleaning lady clean your place?)

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

Which household appliances you have at home, which of them you use

Your opinion: the jobs you hate, and the jobs you really hate; is there anything you don’t mind doing? -

V. T H I N K I T O V E R In different parts of Britain people call their meals different names. It’s very complicated! For most people the main meal of the day is called dinner. But some families eat this at mid-day, while others eat it in the evening. People who have dinner in the evening have a smaller meal called lunch at mid-day, and people who have dinner at mid-day usually have another meal (which they call tea) between five and six o’clock, or they have supper a little later.

For most people, breakfast is a bowl of cereal followed by toast and marmalade with a cup of coffee or tea. Some people have a cooked breakfast (often bacon and eggs) but this is not as common as it used to be.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Lunch is usually a very quick meal; for most people a sandwich or a light snack.

Dinner may have two or three courses. First a starter (e.g. soup), then a main course with meat or fish and finally a dessert.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R It is probably true that British food does not have a very good reputation among people from overseas. In general though, it has improved considerably in recent years. There are still two main problems: vegetables and coffee. Vegetables are usually overcooked, and coffee is usually instant. Moreover, the food isn’t always considered to be very healthy.

But in recent years there has been a change in British habits: the growing popularity of health foods. People now want to eat food which they know is good for them. Health foods can mean different things to different people. For some people it can mean eating more honey or brown sugar and less white sugar. But for others it can mean not eating any food which has chemicals in it. A lot of people in Britain now recognize that the chemicals which food companies add to our foods are bad for us, and so they try not to eat those foods. Instead they often grow their own fruit and vegetables in their garden. Or they buy their food from special health food shops. Some people are even more

V. T H I N K I T O V E R careful about their food. They will not eat meat at all. They are vegetarians. Put each of the following words or phrases into its correct place in the passage below. |0-w 1.

I What is the f famous English Breakfast like?

" cutlery, vegetarian, diet, crockery/pots and pans, side dish, starter, napkin, entertaining, sink, main course, washing up, dessert

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Maureen often gives dinner parties at home. She loves (a) . She lays the table: puts the

(b)_____in the right places, sets out the plates and puts a clean white (c) each place.

at

V. T H I N K I T O V E R For the meal itself, she usually gives her guests some kind of (d)

first,

for

example soup

or melon. Next comes the (e) __ guests are

, which is usually meat (unless some of her

V. T H I N K I T O V E R (f)_______or

if they are on a special (g) "• ) witha (h)_____of salad. For (i)____it is

usually fruit or ice-cream, and then coffee. When everyone has gone home, she must think about

V. T H I N K I T O V E R doing the (j)___, as in the kitchen the (k)_. is full of dirty (1)__. 2.

The dinner wasn’t good. Stephen writes a note on the bill.

“This restaurant is awful. The soup was awful, the meat was awful, the potatoes were awful, the gateau was awful, the coffee was awful, the wine was awful, the waiters were aw'ful, and the music was awful.”

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Janet says, “You can’t give them that note. You can’t say awful all the time. Use different words.”

Stephen begins: “This restaurant is awful. The soup was cold.. Can you help him finish the note?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

4.

Old English Trifle

What would Boxing Day be like without trifle? Follow this simple recipe to produce a delicious traditional English dessert that will impress your family and friends. ^ 1 ready made sponge cake (small) 5 tbsp raspberry jam 150 ml sweet sherry or Martini 300 g grapes. 2 peaches, peeled, stoned and

chopped 2 bananas 2 tbsp of lemon juice 45 g cornflour, 600 ml milk, 3 egg yolks, some vanilla flavouring and 45 g sugar 300 ml double cream Now guess which ingredients are missing from the sentences: 1. Cut the .. .•£.<•..in two and spread it with the.. 1 v’/hi. then cut the whole cake into small cubes. Arrange them in the base of an attractive bowl. Pour over fruit and leave to cool completely. 2. Whip the.......' . . . v* until it holds to shape. Spread it over the custard and decorate it with glace cherries and roasted almonds.

Enjoy the dessert! (Serves 6-8 persons)Diet rules

If you eat something and no one sees you eat it, it has no calories. 1.

If you drink a diet soda with a candy bar, the calories in the candy bar are cancelled out by the diet soda. 2.

When you eat with someone else, calories don’t count if you don’t eat more than they do. 3.

If you fatten up everyone else around you, then you look thinner. 5.

Movie related foods do not have additional calories because they are part of the entire entertainment package and not part of one’s personal fuel, such as buttered popcorn, jnints, 6.

Food used for medicinal purposes NEVER counts, such as hot chocolate, brandy and toast. 4.

and candy bars.

Cookie pieces contain no calories. The process of breaking causes calorie leakage. . 7.

Things licked off of knives and spoons have no calories if you are in the process of preparing something. Examples: peanut butter on a knife when making a sandwich or ice cream on a spoon when making a sundae. Foods that have the same color have the same number of calories. Examples: Spinach and pistachio ice cream, or mushrooms and white chocolate. NOTE: Chocolate is a universal color and may be substituted for any other food color 8.

Obesity - being very fat - is a leading health problem in the U.S.A. Read this article and find out why so many Americans are overweight.

/

By Beverly Bundy

Supersize

servings

dis h up calories, not sa vings

A GOODLY part of America is living proof that portions of food, particularly portions in restaurants, are bigger than they used to be.

In December, a surgeon general’s report warned that obesity rates in the US had reached epidemicjevels. 60 % of Americans are now classified overweight, and obesity may soon pass tobacco as the leading preventable cause of death.

The generous portions at restaurant meals are part of our national weight problem.

A new study shows that consumers easily take in 3,000 calories in just one restaurant meal, though the calorie intake per day should be only 2,000-2,500 calories. In fact, nutritionists estimate that most restaurants’ meals have two to four times more calories than the average meal should.

The study showed that French fried potatoes covered with cheese and ranch dressing weighed in at 3,010 calories; a fried whole onion with dipping sauce came in at 2,130 calories; a single slice of carrot cake contained 1,560 calories.

Restaurant owners have figured,out that the real cost to them isn’t the food, it’s the preparation and serving, so they make portions much bigger. The consumer perceives the bigger size as a bargain.

The original McDonald’s hamburger and fries were the same size as today’s Happy Meal. The family-size bottle of Coke used to be 26 ounces. Today it’s the 2-liter size that’s most commonly purchased.

Dr. Margo Denke, professor of medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern at Dallas said, “I think we’re eating this way out of stress and out of frustration, certainly not out of need or hunger.”

We need to change our eating habits. Consider sharing a meal. Get used to putting down your fork with half the food left on the plate. Plan on taking half of the meal home in a doggie bag. Or order the appetizer instead of the dinner portion of an item. from Richmond Dispcitch, 10,2002 -

/

the TimesJuly

How often do you eat out? Is going out to a restaurant as common in Hungary as in America?

What are Hungarian restaurant portions like? Do they attract customers? Can you blame the portions for your weight problems

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F ?Recipes Look at this list of ingredients for a breaded pork cutlet. The instructions are mixed up, so rearrange them into the correct order.

1.

Shake salt and pepper onto the meat slices.

2.

Cut the meat from the bone.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Heat up the oil in a frying pan and fry the breaded cutlets on both sides until golden brown. 3.

4.

Dip them into the egg again and dredge them in the breadcrumbs.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 5.

Beat the cutlets with a meat hammer.

6.

Beat the egg.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 7.

Dip them into the egg and then dredge them in the flour.

Now write a recipe for making Hungarian pancakes. Make a list of ingredients and use the following list of verbs: T1-1 “ V-'"

beat, mix, pour, flip over, remove, fill, roll

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 0-» Finally, tell the recipe for your own favorite dish to your partner. 2. Look at the different verbs of cooking listed below, and match them with the right

3. Lucy wrote the instructions for serving some food and drinks. Now they are mixed up. Decide with your partner which information is for which food.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Look back at the picture of the fat man in Section III. Give him some advice on what he should and shouldn’t do to be a healthier person. 4.

5.

Here’s a typical menu at a Hungarian restaurant:

jr I

Soups:

Goulash soup

ji

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Chicken soup Újházi style Bean soup Jókai style Fish soup Szeged style Hungarian mushroom soup Appetizers / Starters / Hors-d’oeuvres:

Breaded fried mushrooms with tartar sauce Fried cheese in breadcrumbs'

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Pancakes Hortobágy style

Tatar beefsteak Cold goose liver on hot toast Entrees / Main Dishes:

Chicken paprika with dumplings Grilled chicken breast Turkey breast Kiev style Turkey breast stuffed with goose liver Turkey in mushroom sauce Breaded pork cutlet

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Pork cutlet stuffed with ham and cheese Pork medallions Brassó style

Beefsteak with fried onions

Roasted goose liver

Fried goose liver

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Breaded veal cutlet

Veal stew (or lamb, pork or beef)

e

Stuffed green peppers

Stuffed cabbage Layered cabbage styl

Kolozsvár

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Pasta: Noodles with cottage cheese topped with bacon Sweet noodles with walnuts or poppy seeds

Lettuce with dressing Tomato in vinaigrette Fresh tomato salad Salads:

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Pickle Cucumber Mixed pickles

Desserts: Sponge-cake Somlo style

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Pancakes filled with cottage cheese or jam

Gundel pancakes

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Sweet cottage cheese dumplings Check your partner’s knowledge of Hungarian cuisine. Choose five items from the menu and ask her or him what it is in Hungarian. Role play an evening out in a Hungarian restaurant. Explain to your English-speaking guest what the dishes on the menu are like. What would you recommend?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F You and your partner want to go out to a restaurant tonight. Look at the restaurant ads below and discuss where to go. Each of you should choose a different place. Explain to your partner why you want to go there and what is sen ed there. Do your best to persuade your partner about your choice Sftc&fautatit Éít ¿rtttii ...shit)«*? tijc portion* ore jnC-urcS to Hjc ftntnlita; Cottenponry Híigariu ciisite Tk fiicst «ius oí Hungiry E»aup gjpsy music Temet ia the costtyird oí i forncr motulery BAKitikok Douse TbAt RESTAURANT f fíuiitvnttc almospAere mth traéitían&í I Ofmm,* «wy rfay moa» npm . 9crujiícarJt mtwmpim* •iaipituj»; [email protected] Opa stici diys i wctl from II im til! 11 pm .Baroque building Traditional Hungarian ^ne by tlie glass, wine tastings, wine and grilled dishes, dinners, wine university... Finest wines from Say Chi Hungarian vineyards leesel Evenings candlelights Tasle Hwe Goat Clueese accon} panic«! fcyand I iungarian and gipsy music Open: 12.00-24,00, liMt n-servation-. Address: Irom Tticniay till Safanlay 6 p.m. Restaurants tire members Open; - 11 p.m. cf ^Opex: Mon-Sat: 9.003W-1 l-00pw VWflRlAV mr.AVRAKT Í TfAMiJVfE GlAVERN/V ROUP Safa :S P* b«tfh The gutimnu'e *>] TA VllRS'A quality services «netting the price* of r?3íiy ín itsIwcdsctse¡?. a na1t«e «fid "Official caterer U> the pifr<*i!y fafii tf.is i^cepT \H Uihi 0* r^jts^k* Hungarian Parliament"attd öftrs íf

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F WA3ISA3I t>

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

1.

What do you think influences a country’s food? How about Hungary?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 2.

What’s the food at the school canteen like? What is served there?

3.

You have a guest coming for dinner. How do you prepare?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 4.

What’s the difference between meals in Hungary and those in England?

5.

Describe to a friend how to prepare one of your favourite dishes.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 6.

7.

Describe one of your favourite eating places: a restaurant, snack bar, café or pub. Why do you like it?

You order a meal in what seems to be a good restaurant - prices at least are high. Almost everything about the meal is unsatisfactory. You ask to see the manager. What do you say to

V. T H I N K I T O V E R him?

8.

Describe a typical meal you might be given if you arrive at a small country inn in Hungary out of season and unexpectedly.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Have you ever tried the food of a foreign country? What was it like? What did you think of it? 9.

10. What

kinds of international foods are available in Hungary?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 11. What’s

your opinion of fast food? How convenient is it? How expensive? How healthy? How good does it taste? If you have a favourite, which one is it, and why do you like it?

12. Describe

the food in these photographs. Would you like to eat either of them? Why, or why

V. T H I N K I T O V E R not?

WEEKENDS AND D AILY ROUTINE I. READ AND COMPARE

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Time off does not mean doing nothing all the weekend. Many Britons enjoy improving their houses. They spend a lot of their time off on do-it-yourself jobs: painting and wallpapering the rooms, putting up new shelves, doing repair work or fitting new cupboards in the kitchen. They sometimes go to the DIY (do-ityourself) shops for some tools.

British people like gardening as well. They have flowers, vegetables and lawns in their gardens. Once a week they have to cut the lawn with a lawnmower.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R On Sundays most British people spend a long time over breakfast, reading the Sunday paper. Then they may take their cars out of the garage and polish them. On Sundays in Britain many families eat a big lunch of roast meal and vegetables. In the afternoons the families often drive to visit their relatives. They stay to tea and supper. In summer, when the days are longer, they sometimes set off early on Sunday morning to spend a day at the seaside or in the country. To make a change, they sometimes decide to visit a historic castle or a statelx home ’ (a big house belonging to an aristocratic family).

Not everybody in Britain is interested in sport or in outings. They are also interested in going to the theatre to see good plays, to the cinema to see films, often in a foreign language, to concerts and to the opera. But this kind of entertainment is getting expensive and it is largely a city activity-. Towns and cities also have public art galleries and museums, these are mostly free. An especially British activity, which may count as cultural entertainment, is

V. T H I N K I T O V E R attendance at day and evening classes in Adult Institutes and Colleges of Further Education. Some people may go to practical classes like dressmaking or car maintenance, but many go for pleasure to do pottery or ballet dancing, to learn how to arrange flowers artistically, or to learn a foreign language.

/

This man is enjoying his weekend.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R What do you think he does for a living and how does he spend his weekdays?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

Phrases about daily routine A lot of common expressions and phrases about daily routines use prepositions, but not all of them. Fill in the spaces with the correct preposition or with an X if no preposition is required. k> 1.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

11 o’clock 24. go

V. T H I N K I T O V E R sleep

canteen/home

V. T H I N K I T O V E R do your homework ___ j_i school/hom e 2. Try to add as many hobbies as you can. 12.

______ C (^photography^) c~>

(^Collecting^) -----

(^f|

11^) ■---------(model railroading)

O Which of these hobbies do you do? Which ones would you consider taking up? Why

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

What’s your view on following people’s daily routines closely on television, like in Big Brother or other reality shows? How important and interesting are they as programmes to watch? How real and natural is the behaviour of the people in these shows? List a couple of examples and share your points with your partner.

/

Write down five things you did last weekend. Compare your list with your partner’s. Say if you did the same things or not. 1.

Imagine that you work for a magazine called Day-in Day-out and your job is interviewing people about their daily routine. Get up and find someone in the class to make an inten’iew with. Note down the information you get and at home write a short but interesting article about him/her. The next lesson the class should guess who you wrote about. 2.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Leisure Survey Work in pairs. Ask your partner what he or she does in his or her spare time, then answer his or her questions. Activity Howoften? 3.

go to the cinema

________________________

to the theatre

________________________

to a restaurant

________________________

dancing

________________________

fishing_________________________________________ cycling

________________________

for walks

________________________

sailing

________________________

swimming

________________________

play football

________________________

tennis

________________________

cards

________________________

chess

________________________

a musical instrument

________________________

listen to the radio records

________________________ ________________________

watch TV

________________________

paint

________________________

knit

________________________

read

________________________

write

________________________

take photogtraphs

________________________

work in the garden

________________________

Anything else?_____________________________________

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

4. Role play - Flatmate interview Form groups of six students. Each of you is looking for somebod\ to share aflat with. Speak to the others to find out about their lifestyle, daily routine and habits so that you can find a flatmate or two with whom you can live in peace. Find out as many details as you can. Student A: 'You ;Jttip eaciy- at like,a quiet life. You abowt 6 and go to bed don’t like TV, arid around 11 p.m. or You read whenever you don’t smolx, in fact can findtime. You play you’re allergic to the violin smoke, but you 'like to andloveclassicalmiisic have a drink now and . -You have a da> j
V. T H I N K I T O V E R tl>e violinat ;nght after supper. You love good food and cooking but don’t often have dinner parties Yew areavery tidy,person amikeepthe flatquite clean. You love

dogs but, Student D:

Because you’re a college music student you need to get up pretty early to get to the practice rooms and then to class. You work hard, so you’re tired by 10:30 at night. You like eating and drinking, and sometimes you like to cook big meals with your classmates. You smoke occasionally, but you’ve decided to kick the habit. You study hard, but you also have an active social life and go out with your friends pretty often. You study the guitar and love pop and rock music as much as you love classical. You practise a iot during the day. You are a tidy person and clean up rather often. You’ve got a dog.

Student B:

You get up late - at about 10 or

V. T H I N K I T O V E R a.m. - and go to bed very late, around 1 or 2 in the morning. You are a heavy smoker. You have a lot of friends and a busy social life. You invite people to your place a lot and often give parties with loud music. You don’t enjoy cooking or cleaning up. You are very untidy and don’t clean the house very often. You love animals and have a cat. You’re a fan of heavy metal music and drinking beer. 11

You are a vegetarian arid never eat; meal In fact,youdon’tlike seeing otter people cook or eat meat. You work very hand - you write books at home. You often work late at night, sitting, in front of your computer with pop of classical music going till 2 or 3 in the morning. You’re a bit of a hermit and can’t wok with a lot of people in,the flat. You’ve tried giving up smoking; but you still smoke a pack a day, You’re a rather messy person and leave your stuff lying around all over the place. Keeping a place neat and,clean is the most boring thing in the world! You’ve got a couple of mice as pets.

Student C:

You’re an early riser and you like "hitting the sack” around 9 or 10 p.m. You’re on a diet to lose weight, so you smoke a lot to help curb your appetite. You also don't much like cooking because of your diet. You like a quiet life and spend a lot of time alone. You often watch TV in the evening but you’re interested in literature, too, so you

V. T H I N K I T O V E R read novels. You don’t clean the flat very often, and sometimes you don’t wash the dishes for 2 or 3 days. You’re allergic to cats but don’t mind other pets.

Student F: You work at night, so you sleep during the day. You “clunk out” around 8 in the morning and then fall out of bed at about 3 in the afternoon. You smoke a lot. You have a lot of friends and invite them round in the

evenings. You play the trumpet and are a member of a jazz band. You sometimes practise with your band in the evenings. You like to keep your place “spick and span” clean, and for this reason you don’t like pets very much

V. T H I N K I T O V E R .What do Hungarians like doing at weekends?

What kinds of ‘DIY’ jobs have you done or helped in? 1.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 2.

3.

Do you or your family have a garden or an allotment, and if so, what work needs to be done on it?

Does your family have any special meals on Sundays?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 4.

5.

Is there any job or pastime that you particularly associate with a Sunday?

What sort of entertainment do you go to at weekends?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 6.

Do you know anyone who attends an evening or day-release course? What are they studying?

What sort of practical classes do you or would you like to attend? 7.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Givea detailed description of your daily routine. How would you like to change it? 8.

VI. GET ORGANISED 1

On oral language exams you’re often asked to describe a picture. Where to begin?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Begin with a GENERAL STATEMENT about the picture (this is very important), (e.g., “This is a picture of two people cleaning up their flat.”) -

-

Describe the PEOPLE in the picture.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Use the outline in Chapter 2 to help you describe the people. Use the Present Simple tense for physical characteristics. •

Use the Present Continuous for clothing (e.g., “He’s wearing a blue and white striped shirt.”) •

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Use expressions like “in the foreground”, “in the middle”, “in the background” to talk about where the peopl^ or objects are. •

Make dedti'ctions about the situation based on visual evidence, (e.g., “I think the man must be married because he’s wearing a wedding ring.”) happening. •

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

Describe the PLACE and TIME where the action is

-

Describe the ACTION.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

Use the Present Continuous tense.

-

PREDICT what you think will happen next.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Use Future tenses (e.g., “They’re going to go for a walk” or: “I think he will take a nap.”). •

•

Use your imagination.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Remember:

•

DON’T begin by describing details (e.g., “He’s got a red tie.”)

V. T H I N K I T O V E R DON’T be a minimalist - use lots of adjectives to describe people, clothes, etc. and adverbs to describe the action. •

Now describe this photograph following the outline.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

Sport is very popular in Britain. In other words, a lot of British people like the idea of sport; a lot even watch sport, especially on TV. However, the number who actively take part in sport is probably quite small. On the whole British people prefer to be fat rather than /u.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R The most popular spectatorjport is football. Football is played on a Saturday afternoon in most British towns and the fans, or supporters, of a particular team will tra\ el from one end of the country to the other to see their team play. There are four dwisionsof the football league. Not surprisingly the best teams are in the first division. However, the best supporters are often in the fourth division. You have to be a good supporter to watch fourth division football!

Many other sports are also played in Britain, including golf, in which you try to knock a ball into a hole; croquet, in which you try to knock a ball through some hoops: basketball, in which you try to get a ball through a net; tennis, in which you try to hit a ball so that your opponent cannot hit it... and cricket which is played with a ball, but is otherwise incomprehensible. As you can see. if the ball had not been invented, there would have been no sport.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Actually, that’s not quite true. Athletics is not played with a ball; nor is horse racing. Perhaps that explains why they are not as popular as football!

j What are the names of these sports? |(br

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

In the left-hand box there is a list of sports and in the right-hand box there is a list of qualities important in some sports. Find your favourite sports and decide for yourself which three qualities are the most important for each sport. Explain why these qualities are important. 1.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

There’s a big new sports centre near my home. There are (a) _ basketball

(b) - , hall with two boxing (d)

swimming (c) i

, tennis and

and

a sports

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

even a skating (e) 20,000

(g) -

There is also a separate athletics (f)

canwatch the (h)

'1

onthetrackandthe(i)___such as

where

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

jumping and throwing, in the grass centre. The 0 _J_get ready in modem changing

rooms and the (k) j______time and measure the events with modem equipment. A huge

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

electronic (1)-•

3. Football

shows the results.

Instructions as above. Or

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

draw, track suits, captains, match, referee, amateurs, team, toss a coin, players, crowd, gymnasium, train

play football for my local (a) (b) 1

against other sides in the area. Of course the

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

, aren’t paid, we’re just (c) ■■■_____But anyway we (d)______ very hard

in the evenings and we’re lucky because we can use the (e) l_ of a local school. On

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

the day of the (0 J._we arrive early, change, and put on (g)

warm. Then the (h)______dressed in black, calls the two (i) to

" - tokeep

tothe

centre

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

(j)_________to decide who will play in which direction. Not many people come to watch the

game. We usually have a (k) *' ’ 1 of only one or two hundred. But we enjoy it, whether we win, lose or (1)

4. Write the correct preposition into the space. 0* .Tennis / volleyball / badminton / table tennis: hit the ball

1.

Basketball: put he..............ball

the net

the net

4. Write the correct preposition into the space. 0* 2.

Football: kick the____________ball

the goal

3.

American football: run______the end line; for a field goal, kick the ball

4. Write the correct preposition into the space. 0* the goal posts

4.

Golf: hit the ball...........______________a club

the hole

4. Write the correct preposition into the space. 0* 5.

Swimming / water polo:_____a swimming pool

6.

Horse riding: put the saddle

thehorse

4. Write the correct preposition into the space. 0* 7.

Baseball: catch the ball ± ___a glove

8.

Take____Li:___a sport

4. Write the correct preposition into the space. 0* 9.

Give____L_s«—: a sPort (= st0P doing)

5. Look again at the sports listed in Exercise 1. Write them in the appropriate column. 6. Make a list of extreme sports. What is extreme about them? 0-*

O n

Can you connect the following newspaper headlines to the sports listed below? 7.

If CxforTedge Cambridge iiTihe annttaTeveiitj fulfill 017———— awtmauh«. i— ^ _ - ._ ! weary os®1 Newcssile I W Swl^erland oustTrance in Davies Cup ]

4. Write the correct preposition into the space. 0* a)

football

b)

car race (Grand Prix)

4. Write the correct preposition into the space. 0* c)

boat race

d)

tennis

III. READ FOR INFORMATION

— ^aikkonen wins after rain drenchedraceTsstoptKd)L Before reading the text, find the meaning of the following words in the dictionary: muscle, strain, swing, lower back, abdominals, trunk, hip, spine, pelvis, buttocks, hamstrings, thigh Match the photos to the exercising rules. 0

fitness It’s easy to make mistakes when you’re learning new exercises. Here are some simple dos and don’ts to help you get the best possible results from your fitness routine. D0 warm up before doing any exercise to . protect against muscle strain. An exercise bike is a good way to warm up, or you could run up and down stairs for a few minutes, jog on the spot or walk briskly around the room, swinging your arms. DON'T do sit-ups on a slanted board with . your feet fixed - it puts strain on your lower back rather than working the abdominals. 2 DO perform curl-ups with your legs resting . on a chair. This way you isolate

1

3

340

III. READ FOR INFORMATION

the abdominals without straining your lower back. Remember to keep pressing your lower back into the floor. DON’T side stretch with your legs straight . and your trunk twisted. It will put strain on your knees, hips and spine. 4 DO bend your knees so that your pelvis . tucks under and hips are centred. Arms are positioned as pictured to maximise the stretch without mis-aligning the body. DON’T use this position when exercising the . buttocks and hamstrings - it is wrong: the back is arched and the trunk is twisted, allowing the leg to “swing” 6 back. This way, the hamstrings and buttocks are not worked effectively and you also risk putting strain on your neck. DO rest weight on the elbows (rather than . on straight, locked arms) to keep your shoulders and neck relaxed and your back flat {abdominals are also held in). Hips should be level so leg movement is restricted. This ensures you do the exercise with small controlled moves, which really work the thighs and bottom area well

5 7

341

.IVlost of today’s champions are so much duller than

their historic counterparts

IN THE PAST, people who were physically gifted rose to the top of the sporting tree. They had a bit of training here, a chunk of coaching there, but mostly they relied on their innate talent, or a spot of genius.

Modem sport has become scientific and professional. To reach the top, mere talent is no longer enough. A computerised regime of physical training and mental preparation, usually beginning in the teenage years, is allied to a relentless philosophy of positive thinking and an almost religious devotion to the god of Focus. The whole package is all-consuming, devouring every moment of the athlete’s time, every ounce of their energy, every iota of their personality. Paul Gascogne was the last truly great performer who relied on God-given skill alone.

The results are weird. Most of today’s champions are, if not devoid of personal magnetism, then certainly measurably duller than their historic counterparts.

In tennis, we had the flashing, temperamental brilliance of Jimmy Connors, John McEnroe, Ilie Nastase, Vitas Gerulaitis, Boris Becker even; until recently Pete Sampras, the world’s hairiest robot, has been the king. And the women’s game is dominated by Serena Williams, who like her sister Venus, is an absolutely brilliant player, but is so immersed in the mantra of positive thinking and personal focus that she can never even admit to the idea that her opponent might be a good player. If Serena loses, it’s always because “I had an off day.”

Motor racing threw up supercharged swashbucklers such as James Hunt, Gilles Villeneuve, Nelson Piquet; now Mika Häkkinen and Michael Schumacher have turned the sport into a branch of accountancy.

But once people have started to decline, or have retired, it is suddenly important for them to bring into public their “charm” and “interests”.

Damon Hill as world champion was uptight and bland. But as his career went intoxeverse, we were suddenly treated to the long hippy hair, the guitarplaying and the devotion to punk rock. And watch out for Alan Shearer. As his playing years draw to an end. and the media career beckons, he’s gradually dropping the monosyllabic mask - the other day on Sky, he even attempted a sort of joke!

from Radio Times, December 2002 -

7-13

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F What are Hungarian champions like? Do they fit in the picture described above or do they stand out because of their personalities as well? Think of a couple of examples and share your opinion with your partner.Which popular British team games do these descriptions refer to?

/

a)

The scoring of this game is a mystery even to many British people. Each team takes it in turns to bgt. Players usually wear white clothes.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F b)

Played with a large leather or rubber ball. Each team tries to score goals by throwing the ball through the other team’s net.

c)

Perhaps the most popular game in the world, played in many streets as well as on the field.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F d)

The goalposts in this game are in the shape of the letter “H”. The ball looks as though someone has sat on it. There is a lot of pushing!

e)

Each player has a stick with which to hit the ball. The ball is small and hard, and the game is played on a pitch similar to a football pitch. In Europe it is only played in winter.

Now write a description of another game on a piece of paper and pass it on to another student so that the entire class exchanges papers. Find out which game is described on the paper you have. Role play - An interview with a famous sports person

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Student A

v__________’ ___________J Student B

You’re a reporter for the TV sports news. Make up the questions that you’d like to ask the famous sports person who will appear on your show. Ask about her/his latest sports achievements, plans for the future, etc. But you also really want to find out about her/his personal life. You’ve heard a rumor about a romance and another one about her/his using illegal drugs for enhanced results. Don’t give up! Find out what you want to know.

You’re a famous sports star. Decide which sport it is and answer the interviewer’s questions as fully as possible. You’re glad to talk about sports and your most recent achievements at the Olympics, but you absolutely don’t want to talk about the new romance in your life. And you’ve never, ever used illegal drugs!

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

2. Your school has just received a large sum of money to develop the sports facilities there. Form a committee and decide how you will spend the money. Will you buy new equipment, build new playing fields/courts, hire new sports coaches?

Joke

Why don’t centipedes play football?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Because by the time they get their boots on the game will be over.

1.

What are the most popular sports in Hungary?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Which sports do people like to take part in/like watching in real life or on TV? 2.

3.

Do you think games and pastimes can be called sport? Why?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Sports have no obvious use but they are important in society. Give your reasons. 4.

Playing sport when you are young is very good preparation for grown-up life. What are the benefits? What are the disadvantages that you can think of? 5.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F As soon as money and/or politics become involved, sport can’t be beneficial to society. Do you agree? Why? Can you think of any examples to prove your views? 6.

Do you go in for some sport? Did you ever use to? What sports/games do you like? 7.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 8.

What games do Hungarian schoolchildren usually play at school?

Do you think playing on a sport team should be compulsory in secondary schools? 9.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 10. Express

-

your opinion on the following:

Amateur sportsmen should never earn money from sport.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

There is too much sport on TV.

Successful professional sportsmen should live in luxury and be admired by the public. -

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 11. Have

any new sports been added to the Olympic Games in recent years? What are they? How are they played? Do you like them?

12. There

have been a number of scandals involving sports people using drugs during matches/games to get better results. Some of the drugs used have been cocaine, steroids, stimulants and beta-blockers. What happened to people who were caught using them? What’s your opinion about sports people using drugs? Is it fair to the other competitors? Is it fair to their own bodies?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 13. Professional

sporting events seem to have become advertisements for the big corporations that sponsor them. Sports people are like walking commercials. What’s your opinion about this? Is it right to use athletes so openly to advertise products? Could these huge sports events survive without the multinational sponsors? Has sport become controlled by big business?

14. Which

Olympic sports have Hungarians traditionally been successful at?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F R E A D I N G I . READ AND COMPARE

The Press

The British are a nation of newspaper readers. More newspapers per person are sold in Britain than in any other country. Many people even have a daily paper delivered to their homes in time for breakfast.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F British newspapers can be divided into two groups: quality and popular (tabloid)^ Quality newspapers are more serious and cover home and foreign news thoughtfully while the popular newspapers like shocking, personal stories as well as some news. These two groups of papers can be distinguished easily because the quality newspapers are twice the size of the popular newspapers.

As well as the national daily papers, there are Sunday papers, again divided between the serious and the more popular. Some large towns also have evening papers containing local as well as national and international news. Of course the press means more than newspapers. A vast range of magazines and weeklies is published, aimed at readers interested in all sorts of subjects. In fact, there are magazines for practically every special interest you can imagine. There are women’s magazines, gourmet cooking magazines, or magazines dealing with gardening, science, cars, motorcycles, computers, modeling,

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F home decorating, fashion, sports, body building, film, theatre, music, news magazines and, of course, pornography.

/

Find examples of Hungarian newspapers and magazines that correspond to the types mentioned in the text .12t4p«5»»8 3Kimjtsvmzro CD PC testközelben A legjobb kiegészítők ^ A mátrix nem enged Vakációs bitek .JjétA Művész lehetszkicsiknek, ™ Kreativitás nagyoknak FILMVILÁG Húsvéti hangulat®!

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Reading Put each of the following words into its correct place in the passage below, (frw] 1.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY fine, bookworm, browse, bibliography, footnotes, reviews, illustrations, borrow, glossary, published

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY I love books. I love to read. I’m a real (a) ü_____and I love to (b)__________ ________________________________________in

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY bookshops, just looking briefly at one book after another. 1 look at the (c)_ _________________________________________________________si the

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY photos or drawings. If there are foreign or technical words in the book, I look at the

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY (d) _>__________________________________________________ at the back for their meanings (unless they are explained in (e)_________-_____at the

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY bottom of the pages) and I look at the (f) . • is a list of other

.also

at the back, which

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY books on the same subject. And 1 use the library a lot. I (g)__2 or 3 books a week,

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY and 1 have to pay a (h) - • ■ ■ if I return them late. Friends often recommend books to me,

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY and I also read book (i) jj.____1 in the newspapers. I don’t always agree with them, but,

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY anyway, they let me know what new books are being (j)_- . Kinds of books Make two headings, fiction and non-fiction, and put these genres of books into the proper categories. 2.

humour, biography, history, mystery, novel, memoirs, horror, sci-fi, guidebook, drama, manual, cookbook, encyclopedia, romance, travel, poems, adventure, war story, philosophy, technical, thriller/ detective novel (“Whodunit” [= “Who has done it?”), atlas, dictionary, short story, self-help, autobiography, epic poem, nature, do-it-yourself FICTION

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

NON-FICTIONRead these book blurbs and match them to the books’ titles. Then design a cover for each book (It could be a picture illustrating a key scene in the stoiy, a typical moment, a picture that creates the mood, or even an abstract design that somehow relates to the story.) [CNj Now write a blurb 7. This is a story you won’t and design a book forget. Oliver meets cover for your Jenny. He plays favourite book. fis** sports, she plays music. He’s rich, and Taies of Mystery and she’s poor. They argue Imagination and they fight, and they fall in Edgar Allen Poe love. So they get married, and make a home together. They work hard, they enjoy life, they Oliver Twist make plans for the future. Then Chartes Dickens Love Story they learn that they don’t have Eric Segal much time left... 1. The human mind is a dark, bottomless pit, and sometimes it works in strange and frightening ways. That sound in the night ... is it a door banging in the wind, or a murdered man knocking iaside his coffin? The face in the mirror... is it yours or the face of someone standing behind you, who is never there when you turn round? These famous short stories explore the dark world of the fantasy, where the dead live and speak, where fear lies in every' shadow of the mind ... 3. The doctor thinks he has found the secret of life. He takes parts from dead people and builds a new ‘man’. But this monster is so big and frightening that everyone runs away from him even the doctor himself. The monster is like an enormous baby who needs low. But nobody gives him love, and he soon learns to hate. And because he is so strong, the next thing he learns is how to kill... 5. ‘Soon I felt something alive

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

moving along my leg and up my body to my face, and when 1 looked down, I saw a very small human being, only fifteen centimetres tall ... I was so surprised that I gave a great shout.’ But that’s only the first of many surprises our hero has on his travels. He visits a land of giants and a flying island, meets ghosts from the past and horses which talk... Dr Jekyll and Hr Hyde „ R.L. Stevenson

^ta1C'ceS^0 G u l l i v e r ’s Tr a v e l s

Jonathan Swift Little Mary' Lennox is a badtempered, disagreeable child. When her parents die in India, she is sent back to England to live with her uncle in a big, lonely, old house. There’s nothing to do all day except walk in the gardens - and watch the robin flying over the high walls of a private garden... which has been locked for ten years. And no one has the key. 4. You are walking through the streets of London. It is getting dark and you want to get home quickly. You enter a narrow side-street. Everything is quiet, but as you pass the door of a large, windowless building, your hear a key turning in the lock. A man comes out and looks at you. You have never seen him before, bur you realize immediately that he hates you. You are shocked to discover, also that you hate him. Who is this man that everybody hates? And why is he coming out of the laboratory of the very respectable Doctor? 6. London in the 1830s was no place to be if you were a hungry ten-year-old boy, an orphan without friends or family, with no home to go to, and only a penny in your pocket to buy a piece of bread. But Oliver finds some friends - Fagin, the Artful Dodger, and Charley Bates. They give him food and shelter, and play games with him, but it is not until some days later that he finds out what kind of friends they are, and what kind of ‘games’ they play... 2.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

era in which the subjection of Hungarian Author Wins human beings to social forces has become increasingly Nobel Prize complete. His works return to the decisive event in his life: the -»Imre Kertész: period spent in Auschwitz, to Literary Survivor— The Nobel Prize in Literature for which he was taken as a teenage 2002 was awarded to the boy during the Nazi persecution Hungarian writer Imre Kertész of Hungary’s Jews. - from the Press Release of the “for writing that upholds the Swedish Academy -10 October 2002 fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history”.

Kertész’s first novel, Sorstalanság, 1975, deals with the young Köves, In his writing Imre Kertész explores the who is arrested and taken to a camp but possibility of continuing to live concentration and think as an individual in an conforms and survives. The

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

novel uses the alienating device of taking the reality of the camp for granted, an everyday existence like any other, with conditions that are thankless but not without moments of happiness. Koves regards events like a child without completely understanding them and without finding them unnatural - he lacks our ready-made answers. The reader is confronted not only with the cruelty in the concentration camp but just as much with the thoughtlessness that characterised life there. .

Both the German soldiers and their victims were preoccupied with practical problems, the major question did not exist. Kertesz’s message is that to live is to conform. The capacity of the captives to come to terms with Auschwitz is one outcome of the same principle that finds expression in everyday human coexistence. Kertesz’s style is dense and thorny, but he relieves his readers of the burden of compulsory emotions and inspires a singular freedom of thoughts

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

Do you know of other famous Hungarians who were awarded the Nobel Prize? Can you name a couple of writers who won the Nobel prize for a particular book?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Write the newspaper headlines as sentences using the Present Perfect. Some sentences are active and some are passive. 1.

Example: COST OF LIVING GOES UP The cost of living has gone up.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F GOODS DAMAGED IN FIRE Some goods have been damaged in a fire.

MAN KILLED IN MOTORWAY ACCIDENT ________________________ OLYMPIC GAMES BEGIN________________________________________ CHILDREN INJURED IN GAS EXPLOSION_____________________

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F PICTURE STOLEN FROM MUSEUM______________________________ SECRET PAPERS LOST__________________________________________

FAMOUS HOUSE SOLD TO AMERICAN __________________________ RAY JENKS WINS IMPORTANT RACE______________________________ DEAD BODY FOUND IN PARK____________________________________

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F PLANE HIJACKED BY TERRORIST ______________________________ 2. Think of some recent Hungarian news and make up English headlines for them. 3.

What’s funny in the following headlines? Find the source of humour in

pairs.

LESOTHO WOMEN MAKE BEAUTIFUL CARPETS__________________ POLICE FOUND DRUNK IN SHOPWINDOW________________________ MAN IN THAMES HAD A DRINK PROBLEM____________________

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F ASIANS SETTLE IN WELL ______________________________________ CRASH COURSES FOR PRIVATE PILOTS _____________________ SUPER TRAIN TALKS ___________________________________________ GIRL SUSPENDED BY HEAD_____________________________________ STAR’S BROKEN LEG HITS BOX OFFICE

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F You and your partner work for a newspaper. You are trying to decide which news events to include in the next issue. First work by yourself and place the news items in order of their importance. Remember that your readers are young people. Then compare your choice with your partner’s and come to an agreement. Bad weather destroys crops Szeged policeman shot in a bank Ujpest schoolboy sees fiying saucer robbery School-leaving age Britain's youth unemployment figures .up raised to 18 Local nm/spap& reportor dismissed Local actress commits suicide Headmaster’s wife gives birth The US insists on export talks with Hungary to triplets Budapest school issues The Dyke of York to visit monthly paper Town Council Budapest approves new traffic projec t

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 0-» Read the following sentences which have come from different books and match them to the appropriate type of book found in the list in Section II on page 70. a. “And as she lay languidly in his arms, the sound of the surf pounding as strongly as her heart, she knew that she would be his forever.” b. “The story of Beethoven’s rage when the news of Napoleon’s crowning himself emperor reached Vienna is well known: he went to the table where the completed score of the Third Symphony lay, took hold of the title page and tore it in two.” c. “dinosaur - (n.) any chiefly terrestrial, herbivorous, or carnivorous animal of the class dinosauria, from the Mesozoic era, certain species of which are the largest known land animals. (Gk. ife/>io-“terrible” + saur “lizard”)” d. “The Professor must have killed her after returning to the mansion last night, because he was the only one who could have known where to find the rope she was hanged with.” e. “Henry VII Chapel - The great glory of this chapel completed in 1519 - is the vaulted roof, an outstanding example of this spectacular Tudor style of architecture.” 4.

Describe this photo. What do you think has happened to this book? Discuss with your partner the value of old books as objects. What can be done to preserve them?

/

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

To 27 million Americans, this scene Is a fairy tale That’s because 27 million American adults cm't read a child’s bedtime story, can’t read a street sign, can't read,.. Functional illiteracy has become an epidemic, an epidemic that has reached 1 out of 5 American adults. It robs them of a decent living, it robs them of self-respect, it robs them of the simplest of human pleasures... like reading a letter from a friend or a fairy-tale to their children.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 1. Do

you think young people read less nowadays?

2. Can TV -

in your opinion - replace reading?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 3. What

4. Do

kind of books do you like reading? Who is your favourite author?

you read book/theatre/film/music and art reviews? How far are you influenced by reviews in your choice of a film or play?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 5. Do

you belong to a library? How many books can you take out at a time and when do you have to return them?

6. Describe

what kind of books you have at home.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 7. What

order do you read a newspaper in? What parts do you ignore completely?

8. Discuss

the following statements:

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F •

Newspapers don’t just report the news: they make it.

A newspaper’s main function is to entertain. Reading used to be a more important and common activity before the age of mass communication (TV, radio, etc.) •

.

/ Is reading for pleasure rapidly disappearing due to TV, films and computers? In what ways are books - especially old books - irreplaceable links in the chain between us and our past culture? What are some situations where reading a book can’t be replaced by reading on a computer? VI. GET ORGANISED

Reading a book is one thing, talking about it is another! Your listener will easily understand what you’re talking about if you organize your thoughts into logical, well-developed paragraphs. Giving a book report

Title (try to give the English equivalent if it’s not originally English), author, genre (= type of book, e.g., novel, history, romance), approximate date that it was written, main idea of the book (what it’s about). -

-

Setting (time and place of the story), short description of main characters and the relationship between them.

-

Short summary of the plot.

-

Your opinion of the book, who you would recommend it to.

Use present tenses, especially the Present Simple to describe the setting, characters and action.

•

•

Keep the descriptions of the characters and story short, but give enough detail so that the main outline of the story is easy to understand.

And guess what? You can also use this outline for a written book report, even in Hungarian! The four points above should be your four paragraphs.

lO. RADIO AND TV I . READ AND COMPARE

Watching television is one of the great British pastimes. Broadcasting in the United Kingdom is controlled by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and the Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA). The BBC receives its income from the government, but the private companies controlled by the IBA earn money from advertising.

National radio is controlled by the BBC, and listeners can choose from four stations. Radio 1 is a pop-music station with news and magazine-style programmes. Radio 2 plays light music and reports on sport. Radio 3 plays classical music whilst Radio 4 has news programmes, drama and general interest programmes. There are many local stations, some private and some run by the BBC. Their programmes consist mainly of music and local news.

The B BC has two TV channels. BBC 2 has more serious programmes and news features. The IBA is responsible for looking after the regional independent TV (ITV) companies who broadcast their own programmes. There is a break for advertisements about every 15-20 minutes. The most popular independent channel is called Channel 4 and it has more specialized programmes than the main channels. In general, people think the programmes offered on British television are of a very high standard. Some people, however, are becoming worried about the amount of violence on TV, and the effect this may have on young people.

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What kind of programmes do you think these people would like to watch on TV? What kind of programmes would they never watch?

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

Television Put each of the following words or phrases into its correct place in the passage below. CNf 1.

remote control, antenna, quiz shows, channels, cable TV, channel surf, subjective, commercials, switch on, neutral, soap operas, “couch potatoes”, statkms, broadcast, satellite, glamorous, screen In most countries people can (a) ' '' any of three or four state TV (b) > There are also a huge number of (c)___________________________ stations, which are (d) ^____________________into homes using wires, as well as (e)__;_______stations, for which viewers need a parabolic (f) With more (g) _______there is more choice, but some people feel that in spite of all the

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY channels and programs, there’s still nothing interesting to watch. For this reason, many (h) __________ (bored people who endlessly sit on the couch watching TV and have become “vegetables”) keep the (i) • -. £____________________________in hand so that they can (j) _ j______________^ (quickly change from channel to channel). Do television programmes affect us? f k ) ; " - which give people big prizes for answering trivial questions, can make us greedy. (1) sometimes make us want to copy the (m) _______lifestyle we see on the (n) ____. Is the news completely (o) _________, or is it (p) I-;_____(considered from one particular point of view)? Don’t the (q) ' :_______for alcohol, food and other goods condition our minds and influence our buying habits?

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Radio Complete the words. The number of spaces equals the number of missing letters. 2.

Q-» Radio stat_____are generally oriented towards a specific target audi Ç, for example senior citi _ 2 adu £ 11 in their 40s and 50s, young adults, and teen__. The type of prog_____and music they feat v 11- are geared towards these audiences. For this reason, there are stations which usually play elas ___________music, lig___________music, rock, pop, di_______________, hi__of the 60s and _ _*£, etc. State radio stations mostly are funded by the state and are more public service

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY oriented, whereas comme i__2 _i radio stations are largely financed by the adverti_____r which they broadcast. Most radio stations broadcast a mixture of ne , music, qu ^ shows, advice programmes, inter J____¡tj, sports commen i_____: _ , commercials and pri X * competitions. Some stations also include poetry readings and radio pla ~i. D £ _ - the people who sp the records - are the program ho t_who work alongside newsre _______, interviewers and the

III. READ FOR INFORMA TION

techn staff.BBC1 BBC2 Channel4 5. m 0 A ee 9. M ts 1 Br gr 5. ea ee K kf n- ii as fi or t n y Pr g St es er u e e di nt d o e st di d ar sc b s us y b si D e o er hi n, rn n h ot d os M th te u e d m sc b a e y g n R b es o a at b n K er a e t n w K d G ilr N ar o at d yas e Si h ns lk a . . K Ti (S a m ) pl et ( in a W sk bl ) y. e 1 Pl M 5 us o 6 , n 4 at d 1 8. a 1 3 y A 0, (S U P ) D hi ( I li W E p ) N p 2 C a 9 E: F 0 fo or 1 r re 9 d st 8 et er 9 ai

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ls o n h o w to jo in , ri n g 0 8 7 0 5 1 0 0 7 7 0 (n at io n al ra te ) F ol lo w ed by N e w s; W ea th er (S ) ( W t 10. 15

R u b y C el e br it y c h at

406

a n d st u di o d e b at e w it h R u b y W a x. (S ) ( W ) 5 7 7 6 0 5 3 F ol lo w e d b y N e w s; W ea th er (S ) ( W ) 10. Bi g St ro ng B oy s A ki tc

h e n in T e nt er d e n, K e nt , g et s a m a k e o v er , w it h st ri p p e d d o or s, a br ea kf as t b ar a n d i m pr o v e d li g ht in g. ® (S ) ( W

III. READ FOR INFORMA TION

) 4 6 9 5

10.3 0

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407

he n N e w s, W ea th er (R ) (S ) ( W ) 11. B ar ga in H un t T h e m e n ta k e o n th e w o m e n in a h u nt at a n a nt iq u es fa ir in D er b y, pr es e nt e

d b y D a vi d D ic ki ns o n. ( R ) (S ) ( W ) 3 0 5 2 7 11.3 0

P M W ip eo ut W ee kd ay qu iz, (R ) (S ) ( W ) 59 14 0 1 . 0

B B C N e w s W e a t h e r ( S )

III. READ FOR INFORMA TION

( W ) 2 3 8 9 8 1 . 1 0

R e g i o n a l N e w s W e a t h e r ( S H W ) 9 1 8 8 8 9 8 5 1. 4 5 N ei g h b o ur s L o u a n d H

408

ar ol d at te m pt to a dj us t to lif e a p ar t. R e p ea te d at 5. 3 5 p m (S ) ( W ) 8 8 5 0 3 8 1 7 2.10 Di ag no si s M ur de r Th e U nl uc ki est Ba ch el or in L A

St ev e m ee ts hi s dr ea m gi rl, on ly fo r he r to be ki lle d in a du bi ou s ac ci de nt . (R ) (S ) 98 78 61 4 S = s t e r e o W = w i d e s c r e

III. READ FOR INFORMA TION

e n R = r e p e a t B B C L ea rn in g Z on e C on ti nu es fr o m 12 .3 0a m . Se e p9 6. 6. A M C B B C E nd s 9. 00 . 20 02 : It' s U p to Yo ul !d o n’

409

t fo rg et to v ot e fo r y o ur fa v o ur it e dr a m a of th e y ea r, vi a w w w. b b c. c o. u k/ c b b c R ot te n R al p h A n e x ci te d S ar a h is of f to

su m m er ca m p. ( R ) (S ) 2 6 5 1 0 9 1 6.1 0

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III. READ FOR INFORMA TION

y R er u n of a 1 3p ar t dr a m a a b o ut S c ot ti sh sc h o ol c hi ld re n w h o tr a v el to A us tr al ia in se ar c h of U F O s. L uc y Sa m C ha p m an D

410

av id G or do n M c C or ke ll S ho na S he ll y O ’ N eil l L eo n St an le y S m it h T o d a y’ s a n d to m or ro w ’s e pi so d es w rit te n b y Ti m O ’ M ar a

M or e ca st o n T h ur sd a y ( R ) (S ) ( W ) 8 6 4 2 5 0 8 7 .

C B B C a t t h e F a m e A c a d e m y A n o t h e r r e p o r

III. READ FOR INFORMA TION

t . ( W ) 5 9 8 2 4 3 0 F u r t h e r c o v e r a g e o n C B B C c h a n n e l 8.5 A ce Li g ht ni n g H el pi n g A ce to sa v e th

4 11

e w or ld is ta ki n g it s to ll o n M ar k. S h o w n o n M o n d a y at 4. 3 0 p m o n B B C 0 (S ) ( W ) 2 8 3 2 8 5 0 8.3 0

T h e W a y n e M a ni

fe st o W a y n e is st u c k in d et e nt io n. ( R ) (S ) 2 7 0 5 3 8. C B ee bi es E nd s 10 .5 0. C lif fo rd th e B ig R e d D o g C le o pl a ys a n as ty tri c

III. READ FOR INFORMA TION

k. ( R ) (S ) 4 7 1 8 4 9 2 9.1 5

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412

e d F o x S n o w c o v er s th e g ar d e n. ( R ) (S ) 8 8 7 9 5 9 4 9.30 Fi m bl es P o m di sc ov er s a ra di o. S h o w n y es te rd a y at 3. 2 5 p m o

n B B C 1 (S ) ( W ) 1 5 3 7 9 6 6 9.50 Te let ub bi es C ou nt to C hr ist m as A no th er m ag ic m o m en t. (R ) (S ) T h e n Pi n g u T h e cl u m sy p e n g ui

III. READ FOR INFORMA TION

n tri es to ri d e a bi c y cl e. ( R ) 3 2 9 6 2 5 6 9. T w ee ni es T h e g a n g le ar n a b o ut br as s b a n ds . ( R ) (S ) ( W ) 9 6 0 4 9 0 4 1 0.

413

2 0 T el et u b bi es A p ol ic e m a n sh o w s of f hi s u ni fo r m a n d b a d g es to hi s so n. ( R ) (S ) 6 1 1 5 8 7 9 F ol lo w ed by C B ee bi es Bi rt

hd ay s 10.5 0

Sc ho ol s pr og ra m m es R ep ea ts ar e no t in di ca te d 6.5 A M T he H oo bs T h e H o o b N e e w s sc re e n h as br o k e n. W h at w ill h a p p

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e n if Iv er c a n’ t fi x it ? ( R ) ( S ) 8 7 3 3 9 6 6 6.3 0

W h at is it e x a ct ly th at m a k es G ro o v e di ff er e nt fr o m e v er y b o d y el se ?

414

( R ) ( S ) 3 5 7 3 4 9 2 6. 5 5 R I: S E N e w s a n d e nt er ta in ti n e nt w it h M ar k D ur d e nS m it h. 2 8 9 3 3 1 6 9 9. M ay be It’ s M e T

h e F ev er e pi so d e. Je rr y g et s th e w h ol e fa m il y in v ol v e d in a pr oj e ct to b ui ld a b o at . ( S ) 3 6 7 0 1 9.30 M on tel A m er ic a n ta lk s

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h o w h o st e d b y M o nt el W ill ia m s. ( S ) 1 56 3 7 3 6 2 10.5 Ki ng of th e Hi ll / D o n’ t W c m tt o W ai t.. . B o b b y fe el s e v er y o n e tr e

415

at s hi m li k e a c hi ld , al th o u g h hi s If

6

In co ncl usi on, thi s kin d of pro gra m is not onl y soc iall y , it is als o B ut w ill p a y at te nt io n to th is

bi rt h d a y is la st a p pr o a c hi n g. ( S ) 6 1 1 9 6 9 5

10.3 5

E dg e of Et er ni ty ** * M o d er nd a y w es te rn . A d e p ut y s h er if f h u nt ?

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s fo r th e m ur d er er of a g ol dm in e e x e c ut iv e. W h e n th e ki ll er re al is es th e la w is o n hi s ta il h e ki d n a p s a gi rl a n d ta k es of f

416

w it h th e d e p ut yh ot o n hi s h e el s. W id es cr ee n. R ev ie w pa ge 61 . L es M ar ti n C or ne l W il de Ja ni ce K en do n Vi ct or ia S ha w Sc ot ty O ’B ri en

M ic ke y S ha ug hn es sy S he rif f E d w ar ds E dg ar B uc ha na n B ob K en do n Ri an G ar ri ck Bi ll W ar d Ja ck El a m D ir e ct or D o n al d Si e g el (1 9 5 9, U

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) ( S ) ( W ) 6 6 5 4 1 4 0 Fi l m Tr iv ia: pa ge 57 12.0 P o w er ho us e P ol iti ca l an al ys is an d op in io n. R ep ea te d at 4. 55 a m (S ) 23 23 7 12.3 0

P M L un ch

417

ti m e at th e ra ce s T o d a y’ s h or se ra ci n g fo c u s is fr o m L in gf ie ld P ar k, w it h a li v e ra c e at 1 2. 4 5 p m . ( S ) 4 2 8 5 0 1.0 C he

er s Aff airs if the He art . A cla ssy cus to me r fall s for Ca rla, but she jus t do esn ’t see m ver y int ere ste d in hi m. (R) (S)

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16

50

8 Look at these listings for the programmes on British TV and answer the following questions. 1, What’ s the title of the mode m day wester n? 1. What time does the quiz programme start? 2. List the children’s programme s. 3. Which film is a thriller? 4. On which channel can you see a programme about interior

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decorating ? 5. Name a talk show. Do we have them in Hungary? Which ones are the most popular? 6. Find feature films in the programme and decide which one you would like to see.

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Sex-andViolence Shows May Not Sell So Weli By Ellen Goodma n

A S an avera ge

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Amer ican confr onted

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by about 500 adver tisem ents a day, I have devel oped an immu nity to com merci als. Neve rthele ss, I think I swall owed the bigge st line of all: the ad for ads, the com merci al for com merci als. Altho ugh I’ve writte n a doze n articl es

421

again st the irresp onsib ility of sexandviole nce progr amm ers, I thoug ht we were in a (losin g) battle with the mark etpla ce.

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T he mess age, repea ted as endle ssly as an oldtime TV adver tising song, is that progr ams with sex and viole nce attrac t the audie nce, and theref ore the adver tisers. It isn’t us, said Holl ywood mogu ls, it’s the econ omy, stupi

422

d.

B ut what if sex doesn ’t sell? What if viole nce isn’t viabl e? What if, to put it

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more accur ately, progr ams full of sex and viole nce don’t deliv er more ajtoro firs?

T

423

his possi bility is raise d by a recen t study. Rese arche rs concl uded that peopl e watc hing TV show s with stron g sexua l or viole nt conte nt reme mber ed 67 perce nt fewer ads than those watc hing neutr al progr ams. Brad

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Bush man gathe red more than 300 peopl e and gave them $25, a comf ortabl e chair, and some soft drink s and cooki es nice work if you can get it - to watc h TV.

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T hey assig ned one group to viole nt progr ams, a secon d group got sex show s and a third one neutr al progr ams. The resea rcher s adde d in the same nine com merci als. Whe n it was all over, the resea rcher s decla

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red that the peopl e who watc hed the wrest ling and the sex were much less likely to reme mber the brand name s of the produ cts. No matte r their age or gend er, they were, in psych ologi cal jargo n, “me mory impai red”.

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I realiz e that this concl usion is a conv enien t one for peopl e who have been critic s of sex, viole nce, and the peopl e who put it on TV. But Bush man does n’t deny that sex and viole nce get our attent ion. On the contr ary,

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he sugg ests, they may get our intere st so much that our mind s can’t break for the com merci al. “Peo ple watc hing a sexua l progr am are think ing about sex, not soft drink s,” he says. “Viol ence and sex elicit very stron g

426

emoti ons and can interf ere with mem oiy for other thing s.” It’s a kind of inter nal zapp er.

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T his leads to all sorts of unan swer ed quest ions. The most impo rtant one is: If view ers of sexandviole nce progr ams don’t reme mber the prod ucts adver tised in the com merci al break s, aren’ t these progr 2

427

ams not just socia lly irresp onsib le, but also finan ciall y irresp onsib le? Is anyb ody out there in Holly wood listen ing? Or is your mem ory too impai red? from the Bosto n Glob e, July 10, 200

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Complete this summary of the article:

•

428

We are consta ntly told that progra ms with sex and violen ce attract____________________________

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_________________________________ , and

therefore________ . This suggests that we can’t stop sex and violence on TV because it

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is a losing

•

430

However, a new study suggests that people watching these programs remember than people watching

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•

The metho d of the resear ch was_____________________ .

•

The conclu sion was that people who watch___________________________

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didn’t remem ber ____________________________

very well. They were “_______________________ .” » Bushman says that sex and violence do get , but we become so interested tha

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1. TV programmes Match the following TV programmes with the titles. a) You are ill in bed and can’t do anything but watch TV. What will you watch ? Look back at the programme listings in Section III and choose some you’d like to see. Write them down:

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Pretend your partner is staying in the same house as you. Ask him/her what he/she wants to watch and write it down here. b)

If his/her choice is not the same as yours, try to persuade your partner to watch the programmes you prefer. There’s only one TV set in the house! c)

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What’s your attitude towards violence on TV? Does it influence people, and how should it be controlled? 1.

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Which TV channel and which radio station do you watch or listen to most? Why? 2.

Does radio have any advantages over TV? What are they, if any? 3.

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Say something about one or two wellknown TV personalitie s in Hungary. Who are they? Do you personally like them? 4.

What kind of 5.

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programmes on radio or TV would you

do your best not to miss? a)

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probably enjoy if you happened to see it? b)

watch because you can’t be bothered to turn off the set? c)

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avoid hearing or seeing at all costs? d)

How does British TV compare with TV in Hungary? 6.

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How would you explain the difference between the three state Hungarian radio stations? 7.

Does TV really kill social life? How, or how does it not? 8.

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How many hours do you watch TV each day? 9.

10. What’s

your favourite programme ? Why?

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11. Do

you prefer commercial radio stations to state stations? Why, or why not? Which is your favorite?

12. What

annoys you most about

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TV?

13. When

do you listen to the radio? Joke

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What’s the difference between a TV set and a newspaper? You can’t wrap fish and chips in a TV set.

14. Sometim

es great novels or short stories are adapted to be TV mini-series,

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series or TV movies. What’s your opinion about this? Are they sometimes as good as or better than the original book?

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T H E AT R E, CINEM A AND MUSIC __________________________ I.

READ AND COMP ARE

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Perhaps because of the influence of television, many cinemas and theatres have closed in British towns recently. However, most towns have at least one, and big towns and cities have several. Theatres are usually found only in big towns.

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If you want to go to the theatre it is often necessary to book a seat before you go. Normally it is not necessary to book seats at the cinema.

If you book seats you can choose the

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ones you want on a plan. Seats on ground level are normally called the stalls; seats on the first floor are called the circle (or the balcony); if there are seats on the second floor they are called the balcony. In a theatre these are the cheapest seats and if you sit high up in the balcony we often say that you are sitting “in the goods”.

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Films which are shown in cinemas are given a classification : U certificate, 15, PG, 18. A “U” film is suitable for anyone, including children, to see (U for universal). “15” means that no child under the age of 15 can be allowed to see the film. “PG” indicates that the film contains some scenes that may be unsuitable for children (PG - for the initials of “parental guidance”). “18” shows that no young person under the age of 18 will be admitted.

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When you go into the cinema or theatre an usherette will take your ticket and show you to your seat.

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Mark your preferred seating area

on

the seating plan with an X.

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Give reasons for your choice. THE LONGES TRUNNIN G MUSICA L IN BRITISH THEATR E HISTOR Y yO

454

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Group these words under the following headings: behind the scenes, out front, on stage. 1.

conductor, producer, actor, the man/woman in the box-office, stage manager, orchestra, the star of the show, usher, soloist, set designer, stage hands, actress, make-up artist, booking clerk, soprano, programme sellers, hero, prompter, ticket tout/scalper (US), tenor, chorus, costume designer, lighting team. Define the following types of films, and illustrate them, with some examples: 2.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY silent films, films with subtitles, dubbed films, trailers/previews(US), feature films, documentaries, cartoons, historical films, love stories, adventure films, comedies, slapstick comedies, horror, action, sci-fi

Popular music Put each of following words or phrases into its correct place in the passage below. ¡0“* 3.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY live, group, albums, vocalists, guitar, craze, talented, drums, singles, instrument, lead, rhythm guitar, lyrics, recording studio, fans, number one, on tour, piano, top ten The Beatles were the most successful pop (a)__2______of all time. All of their (b)________went to (c)________J and month after month between 1962 and 1969 they had hit (d)_________________________________________________in the (e) _______________________, most of them at number one. They inspired a (f) called“Beatlemania,”and_______their (g) , often young girls, screamed so loudly at the concerts that the songs could hardly be heard. All the members of the “Fab four” were (h) >_ ____, and each played an (i)_____. John Lennon played (j) Paul McCartney played bass (k) ____, George Harrison was on (1)_____ ______________________________guitar, and Ringo Starr was on (m) ____, but each of them played other instruments as well, such as (n)_______________. or sitar. They became tired of the hard life of doing (o)_____________________ concerts (p) , so after the famous Shea Stadium concert in 1966 they made all their music in the (q) __________________________________________________________12. They began writing all their own songs - (r) ", . ._, melodies and arrangements soon after the beginning, which was unusual for the time. The Beatles were not only (s)__1' 1 musicians and song writers. They were also four charming boys who captured the world’s heart. strings brass keyboards woodwinds electronic percussion 4. Using your dictionary to help you, make a list of all the musical instruments you can think of, and put them in these categories:

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

SURELY no singer has done more than Luciano Pavarotti to broaden the appeal of opera. In a recent survey of the musical knowlcdgc'of British children, Pavarotti was the only opera singer of whom most of them had ever heard.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY The performances of the Three Tenors, together with Placido Domingo and José Carreras, and Pavarotti’s annual charity concerts in Modena, when he sings with famous pop stars such as Sting or Elton John are all regarded as a new wave in the world of operas. Sitting in the autumn sun at his home on the Italian coast at Pesaro, Pavarotti ponders this news. “Well, it’s a pleasure because you are telling me that when I make these concerts with pop people, I reach even the part of the audience that generally doesn’t like opera, or they don’t know opera,” he says. “I’m very happy because it means I reach the point that I wanted. I did reach my goal.”

With a musical gift even larger than his impressive physical bulk, Pavarotti has been an outstanding tenor of the past 40 years. He has been able to illuminate the great roles in the works of Puccini, Verdi and Donizetti. You don’t simply hear a technically accomplished singer; you catch a glimpse of his heart and soul.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY At 67, Pavarotti is uncertain about when he’ll retire. He told American TV viewers the year 2005 when he retires to a life of breeding horses and coaching young singers. But the worry is that his departure will leave a gap which none of opera’s young pretenders can fill. There’s a growing sense that when Pavarotti departs, a golden age of opera will go with him.

“At the moment there’s a gap in superstar classical artists,” says Bill Holland, divisional director of Universal Classics (Decca). “It’s only thanks to the success of crossover singers such as Andrea Boccelli, who have one foot in opera and the other in middle-of-the-road pop, that we’re able to fund recordings of new operas at all.”

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY from Business Life, British Airways, December 2002/January 2003. pp. 38-43. 1992 - Stages the first of his Pavarotti&Friends concerts in Modena, featuring Sting. The event raises money for children’s charities and becomes an annual fixture, attracting the likes of Eric Clapton, Elton John and Celine Dion. 1994 - At the second Three Tenors concert in Los Angeles, VIP tickets cost $1,500 each. It is broadcast to an audience of 1.5 billion. 2001 - Pavarotti, whose annual income has been estimated at £24m, appears in court in Italy on charges of evading £13.3m worth of tax. He is acquitted, in the same year he is divorced from his wife. 2002 - It is announced that his current partner Nicoletta Mantovani, 33, is pregnant with twins. Luciano Pavarotti - career highlights____________________________ 1935 - Born in Modena, the son of a baker and a tobacco factory worker. 1961 - Marries Adua Veroni. They later have three daughters. 1963 - Makes his debut at Covent Garden, in Puccini's La Boheme. 1981 - Sings in a giant tent in Atlantic City. His fee is $100,000. 1990 - The first Three Tenors concert is staged in Rome. The subsequent album, The Three Tenors In Concert, sells 12 million copies and becomes the bestselling classical album of all time. 1991 - Pavarotti performs in London’s Hyde Park, in front of Princess Diana and a crowd of 150,000. -

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I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

Look up the details of another famous opera singer in an encyclopaedia and compare the two lives. Who is closer to your heart? Why?Creating a racket on the By John Hayes Sziget

WHILST most visitors,to Budapest’s Sziget 2002 Festival will be Content with lying in the sun next to the main stage, washing down fujlfat meals with large amounts of cheap lager and perhaps doing something a little outrageous,

like getting a henna tattoo or having a wash-in, wash-out hair dye, others will be looking for the darker side of island life.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

You will have seen these people as you entered the festival. Skinny, pale, pierced, and downright dangerous looking. But where do they go?

You may see them later lying out in the open air, clutching that last can of beer, abandoned by fairweather friends and left to suffer at the cruel hands of the elements. But what

was the purpose of their visit to the festival, and just who were they?

Whilst many festival-goers are looking for that little bit of Heaven, others find themselves drawn towards Hell (or to be more accurate, the Metal Hammer stage, hidden away in a distant comer of the island).

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

The Metal Hammer Stage (sponsored by the heavy metal magazine of the same name), has brought groups like Kreator to the event.

Kreator come from the working class environment of Germany’s Ruljr valley. A place where a couple of decades ago the sun rarely managed to break through the smoglined atmosphere. Their

music, a guttural, churning, metallic noise, is testament to their early years struggling to escape from such a desolate wasteland. Their album titles Endless Pain, Terrible Certainty, and Extreme Aggression ~ also act as a wonderful illustration of the grim realities that many young people face in their daily lives.

Kreator

broke

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

out of their small were even time existence, and considered by the in their 16 years metal press as together have sold avant-garde. more than a million albums and toured from The Budapest the world over. In Sun, June 13-19, 200 their early days they

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2 ave you ever been at the Sziget Festival? H If not, would you like to go? What music would you like to listen to there? Would it be Kreator? Why, or why not

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF ?Student A

You’re a journalist for The Budapest Sun. Interview the band members to find out about their background and music. Also interview the fan to find out about his/her lifestyle, musical tastes, and why he/she is here at the festival.

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF Student B & C

You’re members of Kreator. Answer the interviewer’s questions as fully a possible. Use the information in the article above to help you. Make up any new information you like.

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF ^ Student D ^

You’re one of Kreator’s fans at the Sziget. Using the description of the fans in the article above, answer the interviewer's questions, but also try to ask the band members questions. After all, you’re crazy about their music and very interested in their personal lives. ) 2. You and your family want to go the movies tonight to see a film. Use the chart below and complete the conversation with the box office cashier.

V

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF

Cashier: Can I help you? You:___________________________

Cashier: Sorry, Bride is sold out. You:____________________

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF Cashier: Yes, there are seats for that one. Where would you like to sit? You:

Cashier: Sorry, there aren’t any seats left in the back row. You:_

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF Cashier: Yes, there are plenty of seats there. You: ___________

Cashier: How many tickets would you like? You:___________

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF Cashier: OK, that’s two adults and two children. You: _______

Cashier: That’s $27. You:______________________________

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF Cashier: OK, that’s $27 out of 30. $3 is your change. You:____

Cashier: It’s in theater number four. You:__________________

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF Cashier: It begins in fifteen minutes. You:_________________

STUDENT A

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF You and your friend would like to spend an evening in London next week. Here are some things to go and see:

Theatres Adelphi: Phantom, of the Opera Symphony No. 3

Concerts.Opera,Ballet Royal Festival Hall:

Mahler,

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF Fortune: Death of a Salesman (Arthur Miller) Covent Garden: Parsifal (Wagner)

Globe: Three Sisters (Anton Chekhov) Palladium: Metallica in concert

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF National Theatre: Hamlet (Tchaikovsky)

Saddlers

Wells:

What would you like to go and see? On which night?

The

Nutcracker

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF Student B works in a theatre agency. Go there and try to book seats; find out how much they cost; if there are no seats available for the night you want, try another night; if there are no seats left at all, try something else.

STUDENTB

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF You work in an agency which sells tickets for plays, concerts and operas. Here is some information about seats available next week. Student A comes into the agency for help. Adelphi: Seats at £5.50, £3.80 Sold out Mon, Tues, Wed.

Covent Garden: £6.50, £4.50 Sold out Tues, Thurs, Sat.

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF Fortune: Sold out all week.

Globe: £4.50, £2,90 Sold out Sun, Thurs, Fri.

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF National: £6.00, £4.75 Sold out Mon, Tues, Sat.

Palladium: Sold out all week.

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF Royal Festival Hall: £6.50, £5.00 Sold out Mon, Wed, Fri.

Saddlers Wells: £6.00, £3.50 Sold out Sun, Thurs, Fri.

3. Find

someone in the class who

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF -

is definitely a theatre-goer_____________

-

wouldn’t like to sit in the first row______

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF -

has never thought of becoming an actress/actor

-

hasn’t got a favourite film star__________

1. Role play - At the Sziget Festival IV. DO IT YOURSELF -

knows the English titles of 5 plays by Shakespeare

can play a musical instrumen

tWhat part of the theatre do you usually sit in? What part do you prefer? Why?

1.

What do you most enjoy doing during the interval/intermission?

2.

What are the advantages of open-air theatres?

3.

Describe what you consider an ideal theatre.

Have you ever performed in public? What did you do? How did you feel? 4.

5. What’s your favourite kind of entertainment? Why do people go to the theatre? Summarize your ideas. These words might help you.

6.

How often do you go the cinema? Would you like to go more often? Why. or why not? What kind of films do you usually go to see?

Do you agree that films should have age classifications? Why, or why not? 7.

Talk about your favorite film or a film you’ve been to see recently. Use the tips on p. 90 to help you. 8.

9.

Talk about the last concert you went to.

Can you play a musical instrument? If you can’t play any, which one would you choose? 10.

11.

How important is music in your life?

Why?

12.

When do you usually listen to music?

If you could become a famous musician, would you do it? What do you think your life would be like? 13.

Look at this busker or street entertainer. Describe his appcarance, face and clothing. Would that be a typical sight in Hungary? Why or why not? 14.

What musical instruments do buskers usually play? Why do they do busking? Do you enjoy listening to them? Do you ever give money for the performance

VI. GET ORGANISED ?With a few differences, talking about a film or play is pretty much the same as talking about a

book. In other words, it’s easy if you know what to do. Talking about a film/play

495

VI. GET ORGANISED Title (in English if you know it), director, (author of the original story, if important), genre -

(drama, action, comedy, etc.), approximate date of production, main idea of the film (what it’s

496

VI. GET ORGANISED about)

-

Main actors/stars

497

VI. GET ORGANISED Setting (time and place of the story), short description of main characters and the relationship -

between them

498

VI. GET ORGANISED -

Short summary of the plot

-

Special effects, cinematographic technique, if important

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VI. GET ORGANISED -

Your opinion of the film, who you would recommend it to

•

Use present tenses, especially the Present Simple to describe the setting, characters and action.

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VI. GET ORGANISED •

Keep the descriptions and plot summary short, but give enough detail so that the main outline is easy to understand.

•

If you use this outline for a written report, divide it into clear paragraphs. The six points above will be your six paragraphs.

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VI. GET ORGANISED •

Give your essay a title. And don’t forget: The title is only the title; it isn’t the first sentence. Therefore, use the title of the film in the first sentence of your essay. Remember to underline the title of the film every time you write it, or use italics if you type it on a computer. WINNER BEST COMEDY! LAURENCE OLIVIER AWARD EVENING STANDARD AWARD Wbat happens wben a major Hollywood 18m studio descends upon rural Ireland? two aspiring movie eioras am a Inst ol oher extraordinary characters »re brilliaiittv JS brought In Hie by jus) two i J wonderbil actors. ’ ©

in Marie Jones

"Sad, Hilarious & Irresistible" . TjprlTV.

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VI. GET ORGANISED ’T ** |

503

- W **

"This is still possihly the most untortainmu ami wolt acted pioce of thoatro I have oven soon... a mnst

VI. GET ORGANISED

The weather in Britain is very changeable and unpredictable even from one day to the next. This is due to the influence oi, southwestern winds .blowing off the Atlantic and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream which modify the original temperate climate of the country.

504

VI. GET ORGANISED There are many rainy days in the year, even in winter. In fact, snow is relatively rare because of the mild climate. The average midwinter temperature is between 3°-7°C (37°45° F) while that of midsummer is between 11°-17°C (52°- 63° F). As these examples indicate, temperatures are still given in both Celsius and Fahrenheit in most Englishspeaking countries.

People usually listen to weather forecasts on radio or televison. With the extensive use of computers and satellites weather forecasts have become more and more accurate.

505

VI. GET ORGANISED Still, the weather is a favourite topic of conversation in Britain. It’s a convenient subject as it is not too personal or intimate.

/

Name the season and describe the weather in each of these photographs. What clothes would be most appropriate to wear in each?

506

VI. GET ORGANISED 1.

Read this weather forecast and match it with the correct chart.

Today’s weather forecast

Eastern and northern parts of England, and southeast Scotland will have a dry day with sunny periods, after early morning mist. The sunshine will become more hazy during the afternoon, with rain in some parts by midnight. North and west Scotland will also have some sunshine and a few showers. Cloudy weather with outbreaks of rain already in the far southwest of England will spread gradually northeast-wards, reaching parts of central southern England. Wales, the West Midlands, Northern Ireland, northwest England and perhaps southwest Scotland by the middle of the evening. 507

VI. GET ORGANISED Outlook for Thursday and Friday: Unsettled with sunny spells and showers in all areas. Group these words under the following three headings: The weather is fine, changeable, bad. 2.

------—^^

508

—--------------------------------------------

.v-;.---'•—.

VI. GET ORGANISED bright, wretched, unsettled, mild, mixed, excellent, nasty, pleasant, unsteady, awful, marvellous, variable, beautiful, glorious, unpredictable, unpleasant, poor, clear, terrible, lovely, sunny, dreadful, doubtful, horrible, wonderful.

------±_,.. v—----------------------------- --------------------------------------------Explain the following expressions and describe the weather and the season they may refer to: 4. The things listed below umbrella, woollen cap, weather jacket are in close connection with different kinds of leather gloves, a pair of weather. Say which. skis, sunglasses, knitted scarf, strawhat, wellingtons, mac, swimsuit, .futcoat, boots, all509

VI. GET ORGANISED It looks like rain.

The road is snowbound. The rivers We’re arein for a hot day. It may clear up frozen over. It’s drizzling. yet.

There’s thunder and lightning. 1 am soaked to the skin.

510

It was only a shower. It’s freezing cold. Mind, - it’s slippery. I’m stiff with cold.

VI. GET ORGANISED It’s a real scorcher!

It’s misty and muggy.

5 11

I’m sweating like a pig! TheI got air wet is through. humid. It’s raining cats and dogs

VI. GET ORGANISED .How can scientists control the weather?

Since the 1940s scientists have discovered techniques by which several weather conditions can be controlled. For example, it is possible to prevent lightning by using an electrical earth to diffuse the electrical content of a cloud. The American scientist V.J.

512

VI. GET ORGANISED Schaefer has shown that it is feasible to produce greater concentrations of ice in clouds than occur under normal conditions.

Weather experts already are taking advantage of these discoveries to increase snowfall on mountains for winter sports and to moderate or even prevent the development of dangerous storms. Scientists are now able in some cases to make a cloud burst to produce rainfall over designated areas. These local efforts may lead this way to large scale weather control. But before then scientists may have to learn to cope with the damaging effect of air pollution on weather conditions. Make a list of things you would do if you could control the weather. 513

VI. GET ORGANISED Then compare your list with your partner’s and discuss the different options .

When does an avalanche occur?

514

An avalanche occurs when a mass of snow which has built up on amoimtain side begins to slip and finally to fall. There can also be avalanches of earth, stones, rock and ice, but usually the word is used to describe a rapid fall of snow.

Snow builds up to great thickness on steep slopes, especially if the surface is not smooth. Even a very small disturbance may set it in motion. The vibration of a passing vehicle, the movement of a man or animal, the fall of a tree

VI. GET ORGANISED branch or even a sound can cause thousands of tons of snow to crash down a mountainside.

The speed of an avalanche varies enormously, but some have been estimated to move at about 200 miles per hour. A big avalanche hurtles down the side of the mountain with a thunderous roar, crushing or sweeping away anything in its path. The swiftly moving mass of

snow pushes the air in front of it with such violence that it fans out sideways as well as driving directly ahead. This wind sometimes reaches a force almost equal to a tornado. This great wind is often a more powerful force of destruction than the avalanche itself

. Imagine you witness an avalanche. How would you describe the scenery around you and the event itself?

515

MUM’S LITTLE MADAMS Actress, model, socialite... they’re only 11 but already following in their mothers’ footsteps

read my Mum’s Vogue magazine. I wore a tight mini skirt, fishnet tights, my mum’s frilly white crop- top and high-heeled boots. They hurt my feet a bit but I wanted to look like a grown-up for that night, not a child.

is to always look my best. I make sure I get to my salon every six weeks for a ’head to toe’ - a hair cut, manicure and pedicure. It costs over £ 100 but Mum says it’s one of the best places to go and that’s what matters.

Jade: When I threw my 11" birthday party last month at a bar I spent nearly two hours

I’m different from my friends. None of them do what I do at weekends. They tend to watch television or go shopping. When I say I’m off to an audition or film set, they always want all the details on Monday morning. I know how important it

Lizzie: When I get asked what my hobby is, instead of saying watching TV like most girls my age, I’m proud to say I model for photo shoots. Modelling is great because the people on the shoot treat me like a proper grown-up and

crimping my hair and getting my outfit right I’m very into fashion and always

make me feel special. The best thing about being a model is getting to wear wonderfu l clothes. Being a model means you always get to dress up. I adore having my makeup done, my hair curled and styled by professio

nals. My mum gives me tips from her modelling days, such as

how to walk in heels nicely like she used to on the catwalk.

staged a ‘Vogue party’. She hired a limousine to take me to a photo studio and when I turned up there were cameras flashing and I walked up a red carpet. Inside

For my 1111,1 party I had my dream come true when Mummy

were 28 of my friends, a Vogue photographer, and make-up artists and stylists my mum had hired to pamper us for the day. I loved being a VIP. I just love shopping. Every weekend I go to Peter Jones with my friends.

All the shop assistants know me by name. Luckily, I do competitive skiing, so I’m quite slim and toned, but I do try to eat healthily. If I eat lots of sweets one day I know I have to exercise that bit harder the next day. Mummy’s warned me how girls can get big later if they eat junk when they’re young, so everything in our house is organic, even the ketchup.

Lizzie’s Mum: I had the time of my life modelling during the Sixties. I travelled all

over are somecould 21. Here statistics about the climate of different towns. Some of the Europe is missing. give herTalk to your partner to find out the missing information doing in life. information. catwalk, My campaign husband s and is photo worried work, about the getting short paid what skirt, most girls fishnet my age tights and earned in lip gloss a month he hates in just the idea one of his morning. little girl I began growing taking up too Lizzie fast - but along to I photo reassured shoots him it from the was all age of harmless 2. Working with your partner make up the seven. I fun. realised weather forecast that should have been given 24 -from the hours ago. tremendo Daily Mail, 3. Describe the clothes of your friends, parents us and teachers. Use these words to help you: opportun December ities her 6, 200 looks

Cut: high/low/v-/roundnecked, turtleneck, low cut

printed, patterned Style: casual, formal, fashionable, old-fashioned, trendy, hip, classic, timeless Fit: loose-fitting, baggy, tight-fitting, skin-tight, comfortable You find a dress/suit you like on the rack but you don 7 know if it will fit you. What do you say to the assistant? 4.

Look at all the people in the class for one minute. Then close your eyes. The teacher calls out a name ami the class has to describe what that person is wearing. 6. Make a list of the typical types of clothing, footwear, and accessories for the different seasons in Hungary. 5.

Material: cotton, wool, silk, nylon, leather, polyester, suede, fur Print: plain, checked, striped, pinstriped, polkadotted, solid,

“Fashion” guessing game Form small teams of about 4 players. Team A decides on a well-known person in the class or at the school. Then the first Team A member says one sentence describing one typical article of clothing that the “mystery person ” wears. After every clue sentence, the other teams can try to guess who the mystery person is. If no one guesses correctly, the next Team A member gives a new clue sentence about a different article of clothing. 7.

Look at these photographs and describe the fashions. Do you find them attractive? Why, or

When a team guesses correctly, it gets a point. Then Team B decides on a mystery person, and so on. The team with the most points at the

why not?

end of the game is the winner. • Make a cool team name. • Work as a team, but work as quickly as possible. When a team makes a guess, it doesn 7 have another chance for that clue sentence. When making up the clue sentences, use as many descriptive adjectives as possible

V. T H I N K I T O V E R .Do you usually listen to weather forecasts? Why? 1. Do you find that weather forecasts are usually accurate? 2. Describe in more detail the climate of each month in Hungary. How about other countries you have visited? 3. In what ways do you think weather influences fashion? 4. Give examples of how people in some parts of the world dress to suit the climate. 5. Do you think it’s a pity that national costumes are disappearing? 6. For what various reasons do you think women of all ages are more interested in clothes than men are? 7. Are you fashion-conscious? 8. What kinds of clothes do you like for everyday wear? 9. What colour suits you? Why? 10. What are the advantages and disadvantages of making your own clothes, or knitting your own pullovers? 11. Ready-to-wear clothes are often mass-produced. What may be the drawbacks of this? You can usually tell a lot about a person from the way they dress. How do people’s clothes reflect their personality? / Look at this photo. When and where do you think it was taken? Who are the three people? Who’s the tallest of the three? How cold do you think it is? What are the boys standing on? Have you ever been in such a situation? Did you enjoy it? Wasn’t it too cold for you?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Jokes

What’s the saddest piece of clothing?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Blue jeans.

Man in a clothes shop: “Can 1 try on that blue suit in the window?”

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Manager: “No, sir, you’ll have to use the changing- room like everyone else.”

“It’s raining cats and dogs!”

V. T H I N K I T O V E R “I know. I’ve just stepped in a poodle.”

What did the hat say to the scarf?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R You hang around, I’ll go on ahead.

How do Eskimos dress? As quickly as possible

.The word health really means good health, when you feel fine. But it is also possible to speak about poor health, when you feel out of sorts, do not feel up to the mark. A regular way of life is very important to good health. Have your meals at regular times, devote enough time to recreation, sports in the fresh air and sunshine. Many people who feel unwell or nervous are just exhausted, overworked and need a good rest. When you are unwell, you see the doctor in his surgery or send for him. You tell him your trouble and he examines you by sounding your lungs, listening to your heart, taking your blood pressure, feeling your pulse and taking your temperature. If it is nothing serious, there is nothing much to worry about, but you may have to take some prescription medicine. He may put you on a diet, tell you to stay away from work or pur you on the sick list. If you are in need of urgent hospital treatment, the doctor will ring for the ambulance. As polyclinics are not self-sufficient for every kind of medical examination, you may be sent to hospital for observation. When an Englishman asks you about your health, he is probably only doing so out of politeness. Unless he knows you have been ill, he is certainly not expecting a detailed medical report, and will be most surprised if you give him one.

/

Look at these photos. Are these typical scenes from a hospital in Hungary? Why or why not?Feeling ill This is the story of someone’s short illness. Look up any words you don 7 know in the dictionary. and put the sentences in the right order, [qtt

The following morning I still didn’t feel any better, so I went down to the surgery. a)

b)

When I woke up on Tuesday I felt sick and dizzy.

c)

It cleared up the sore throat very quickly.

cl) I was shivering one minute and sweating the next.

e)

I started feeling ill on Monday evening. I had a bit of a temperature, so I took an aspirin and had an early night.

f)

When I saw the doctor I explained my symptoms.

g)

I took the prescription to the chemist, where I got an antibiotic.

h)

He examined me, and said I had the flu and a sore throat.

i)

I took things easy, and by the weekend I had completely recovered.

j) He gave me a prescription for the sore throat, and said that I should go to bed for a few days.

k) I had some toast, but I was sick immediately, so 1 went back to bed. I had a fever.

lD 2 □

3 □

4□

5□

6□

7□

8 □ 9lH !()□ llD

Health is one of the most important topics to people, so there’s a huge vocabulary to describe all the details. Make a list with four columns using these headings, o-» 1.

Put the following words into the appropriate columns (use a dictionary to help you):

3. Match each of the words with the correct definition. 0-w aspirin, nausea, sleeplessness, (common) cold, side effect, prescription, allergy, insomnia, headache, antibiotic, broken bone, to operate on, antihistamine, stomachache, .sore throat, band- aid/plaster. sleeping pill, heart attack, cut, cough, fever, stroke, influenza/flu, pain killer, bruise, runny nose, virus (“bug”), cough medicine, bronchitis, itchy eyes, measles, sneezing, cold medicine, capsule, chicken pox, feeling run down, check-up, to recover, pill/tablet, tonsillitis, nervousness, shivering, infection, cancer, to get well, AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome), dizziness, cast/plaster, STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease), pain, mental illness, epidemic, bandage, backache, sling, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)surgery a) prescription charge b) Outpatients Department c) prescription d) Casualty Department/Emergency Room (US) e) medical certificate f) General Practitioner 1) Accident and Emergency Department in a hospital. 2) A note from the doctor to show that you are ill and cannot work. 3) Money you pay the chemist/pharmacist for medicine on prescription. 4) An instruction from the doctor. The patient takes this to the chemist. 5) Family doctor. 6) A hospital department. Patients go there by appointment but do not stay there. 7) The doctor’s room where he treats patients. Match each illness with the right part of the body and the right symptom. Use a dictionary to 3.

help you. Chr

3. Match each of the words with the correct definition. 0-w What do these people in the medical profession do? a nurse Anurselooksafterpatientsin 4.

a surgeon

a

-________________________________

hospital.

3. Match each of the words with the correct definition. 0-w aGP

-

____________________________

a consultant

-

____________________________

3. Match each of the words with the correct definition. 0-w a midwife

-

____________________________

a dentist

-

____________________________

3. Match each of the words with the correct definition. 0-w an X-ray technician

-

____________________________

a pediatrician

-

____________________________

3. Match each of the words with the correct definition. 0-w a gynecologist

-

____________________________

a psychiatrist

-________________________________

3. Match each of the words with the correct definition. 0-w a plastic surgeon

-

____________________________

Pregnant smokers a threat to grandchildren

WOMEN who smoke while pregnant may reduce their chances of having grandchildren, fertility experts said yesterday. Researchers at Leeds University have discovered that smoking damages the reproductive system of unborn baby girls, increasing their risk of fallopian tube defects later in life.

3. Match each of the words with the correct definition. 0-w Toxins from tobacco smoke are known to cause fallopian tube disease in smokers. However, the study is the first to look at the effects of tobacco smoke on fallopian tube disease in the next generation. Led by Dr. Sara Matthews, the Leeds team interviewed 239 women undergoing in vitro fertilisation about whether they or their mothers smoked.

The team confirmed the link between smoking and tubal disease but also found that women who were exposed to smoke in the womb were more than twice as likely to have fallopian tube disease than women whose mothers were non-smokers.

3. Match each of the words with the correct definition. 0-w “The prevalence of tubal disease is markedly increased in smokers but, interestingly, is also higher in non-smoking women whose mothers smoked while pregnant,” Dr Matthews told the meeting. - from The Daily Telegraph, July 4,2002

j Summarize the basic conclusions of the study. Women are taking over the medical profession’ WOMEN will “take over” the profession if medical schools continue to accept fewer male school- leavers, doctors were told

By Celia Hall

yesterday. Young women make up 60 per cent of the intake, up from 50 per cent 10 years ago, and there is no

3. Match each of the words with the correct definition. 0-w sign that the trend is slowing. In some medical schools the intake of women is up to 75 per cent, Dr James Coulston, chairman of the Welsh medical students’ committee, said. This had serious implications for manpower planning. He said there were a number of reasons why more women were pursuing medicine. “Female students at 18 perform better at interview. Female students at 18 perform better at A levels. Female students look better, not only on application forms but, often, in real life. Possibly 18-yearold males are looking for a more 2

lucrative career with half the amount of training. Possibly bad publicity may put off young male minds from joining the profession.” He said he was not backing positive discrimination in favour of men but a campaign to encourage young men to consider medicine. “There is already a significant problem of staffing in unpopular areas like out-of-hours work, committee work and administration and many women prefer to be with their families and home-based at these times. There is a major problem and it needs correcting.” from The Daily Telegraph, July 4, 200

3. Match each of the words with the correct definition. 0-w / What’s the situation like in Hungary? More male students/doctors? Female? Are fewer ' young Hungarians interested in going to medical school to become doctors than before? What about you? Would you be interested in becoming a doctor? Why, or why not?

3. Match each of the words with the correct definition. 0-w

IMAGINE arriving at your school or your workplace to find a poster announcing, “As of today, it will be a criminal offence to buy, sell, eat or store any form of chocolate - milk or plain.” It is a horrible prospect for 13-year-old Huntley, Smudger and chocaholics everywhere in this enjoyable play titled Bootleg. The recently elected “Good for You” party, following the success of both their anti-graffiti and politeness campaigns, has banned chocolate - for the good of the public’s health. Armed police patrol the streets, looking for sweets and chocolate bars from shops and homes and those who offend the law are taken away for “treatment”. Youngsters are to preach against chocolate abuse and to sing merry songs about the joy of vegetables. The only way to get hold of chocolate is with a prescription, or on the black market. Eventually, Huntley and Smudger decide to set up a resistance movement. “This isn’t about chocolate any more. It’s about freedom and justice!” And the revenge is sweet for the rebels. This is a funny, futuristic fantasy which also has an interesting social commentary on what’s good for you and what isn’t, and the interpretations that governments sometimes allow themselves. - from Radio Times, 7-13 December 2002

/ What might happen if certain items which are now legal became illegal and items ' which are now illegal were legalised. Think of alcohol, cigarettes and drugs. Would drugs cause less or more crime if legalised? Discuss

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F .Tell the story, using the following notes to help you.

Jane Smith - felt terrible - visit Dr. Watkins - doctor - asked her - what matter was - said she felt tired - depressed - doctor said - have a look - told her to go with him.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Doctor examined her - told her - nothing really wrong - mainly - stay at home doing nothing. Advised her - plenty fresh air - summer - wear light clothes - said she should eat - plenty good, simple food - take plenty exercise - told her - come back - see him - two months - also suggested - lose a little weight.

That evening - Charles asked - if she’d gone - doctor - said she had - he asked what doctor said - Jane said - doctor had told her - needed holiday - seaside warm - she could swim - according to her - doctor said - needed - new summer outfit - told her fiance - hotel she went

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F to - have good cooking - lively imagination. Everyone living in Britain can get free medical treatment under the National Health Service. People can do one or more of these things when they need medical help: 1.

a) find

a doctor and register with him (do this before you need help)

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F b) make

c) ask

an appointment to see your doctor

for a home visit

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F d) phone

e) ring

a doctor at night if necessary

999 and ask for an ambulance

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F f) go

g) if

to the Hospital Accident and Emergency Unit

you are away from home, see a doctor as a temporary patient

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F h) when

Unit.

you need immediate advice, ring the Hospital Accident and Emergency

Use the information above to advise each of these people. Suggest what each one should do.

1.

Ann Howe’s mother, who is 82, has got a bad attack of flu.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 2.

Jean Whitmore, whose father has just had a heart attack.

John Martin, who is away from home and has suddenly got a painful rash all over his hands. 3.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 4.

Janet Miller, who thinks she might be pregnant.

5.

Bill Jonson, who has sprained his ankle.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 6.

Jack Rogerson, who has a very bad sore throat and cough.

Anita Bristow, who has moved to a new area. Her old doctor cannot treat her any more. 7.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 8.

Ray Gosling, who has severe backache and needs time off work.

George Macey, who is lying awake in the middle of the night with very severe stomach pains. 9.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 10. Mary

Gordon, whose daughter has fallen off the swing and has hurt her arm badly. It looks

as if it might be broken. Role play Student A

Someone in your family is very ill. Ring the doctor for advice. Describe the patient’s symptoms.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 1« How much exercise do you get in your daily life? 2. How would you explain to a British visitor to Hungary what to do if he falls ill? 3. Compare the health system in Britain and in Hungary. 4. Have you ever had flu? What was it like? 5. Have you ever been to hospital? What was it like? 6. How can you call an ambulance in Hungary? 7. Are medical services really free in Hungary? 8. Which are the most common illnesses nowadays? 9. Do Hungarians take too many medicines? 10. How do you keep fit? Can you prevent illness this way? 11. W’ould you like to live to be 100? Why?/Why not? 12. Why do people over-eat? 13. Smoking and drinking should be forbidden by law in every country. What’s your opinion? 14. You are trying to persuade a friend who is a smoker or overweight to change his/her habits. What do you say? 15. Make up a list of advantages and disadvantages of free state-run health care and for-pay private health care. Which do you think you would prefer? Jokes What’s the difference between a bottle of medicine and a doormat? One is shaken up and taken and the other is aken up and shaken. Patient: “Doctor, I keep seeing elephants with big green spots.” Doctor: “Have you ever seen a psychiatrist?” Patient: “No, just elephants with big green spots.” A postman walked into a hospital, complaining that a dog had just bitten him on the leg. “Did you put anything on it?” asked the nurse. “No,” replied the postman. “He liked it just as it was.” A man fell off a ladder and was taken to hospital. After being X-rayed, he was told by a doctor: “You’ve broken your arm in three places.”. “You’re wrong there,” the man replied. “I was in the same place all morning.”

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Why do doctors and nurses wear masks? So that if someone makes a mistake, no one will know who did it! “Doctor, doctor! I keep thinking Fm a dog ” “Sit down, please.” “Oh, no - I’m not allowed on the furniture.” “Doctor, I’m worried about my husband. For six monihs he’s been thinking he’s a chicken.” “Good God, why didn’t you come and see me earlier?” “I would have, but we needed the eggs.” “Doctor, doctor! I think I need glasses!” “You certainly do, madam. This is a fish and chips shop!”

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

Going shopping is a pleasurable experience for those who are well-off and can buy whatever they like. But it can also be a disappointing, embarrassing and expensive business if you don’t know exactly what your rights are in British shops. Here are some simple facts and tips that could make your shopping more enjoyable. “Check before you buy”

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Before you buy anything, be sure that you look at it carefully to check that there are no faults. If you are buying clothes, try them on whenever possible. Most stores and boutiques have changing rooms but if not you must check with the assistant that you’ll be able to take the goods back if they don’t fit. “Keep all the receipts”

Be sure you keep all your receipts. You will need these if anything goes wrong, and you have to take the goods back to the shop. The receipt proves where and when something was bought, and should make it easier for you to change your goods. Shops usually put the receipt in the bag with your purchase - so be careful you don’t throw it away when you get home. If you take anything back to the shop because it was faulty, then you can ask for a refund. (By law, the shop must return your money.) If you change your mind about the colour, or decide that the dress makes

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F you look too fat, most shops will not give you your money back, but they will usually let you exchange the goods for something else in the shop. “Not all Sales are Bargains”

Remember that you will probably not be able to get a refund or an exchange for anything you buy in a Sale. So, it’s important that you definitely do want that vase in the shape of an elephant - once you’ve bought it, it’s too late to change your mind!

/

Make a list of items you think you’ll find at bargain prices inside the shop.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Compare your list with your partner’s.Kinds of shops O-ir Match the items on the left with the shops where you buy them on the right: florist’s butcher’s grocer’s greengrocer’s antique shop baker’s tobacconist’s newsagent’s/news-stand (US) stationer’s pet shop chemist’s/drugstore (US)

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY very old furniture flowers

writing paper, pens newspapers, magazines cigarettes, matches tea, biscuits, butter fruit, vegetables ' dogs and cats medicine bread and cakes ' meat *,

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY 1.

Going shopping

correct place in the passage below. Put each of the following words or phrases into its

tag, label, cash desk, off-the-peg, refund, sales, try on, fit, till/cash register (US), assistant, mail order, bargain, receipt, cashier, exchange

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY if you want to buy a ready-made (or we sometimes say (a) 2_) jacket, first find the

jackets in the shop and look at the (b)____inside to see the size, material and make. For

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY the price, look at the price (c)________. To see if it will (d)_______you, you can

(e) ________the jacket in front of a mirror. If necessary, an (f) _

willhelpyou.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY You pay the (g) ______, who you will find at the (h)______

. He or she will

take your

money, put it in the (i)_________and give you your change. Make sure you also get a

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY (j)______■ which you should keep and bring back to the shop with the jacket if something

is wrong with it and you want to (k)_________________________£ it or ask for a (1) _of your money.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY In clothes shops you pay the fixed price, of course. You don’t (m) . Or you can wait

until the (n) ’ . shops, you

when many goods are reduced in price. If you don’t like

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY can stay at home, look at catalogues and newspaper advertisements and do your shopping by (o> \ -------------------------------------------106 ----------------------------------------------

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

A department store FASHIONS HAIR 8r BEAUTY SALON A department store is a large shop which sells a wide variety of goods in different departments. Make a list of all the items you could find in the following departments: stationery; china, glass and giftware; travel & leather 2.

In which departments would you find the following items:

FAS HIO NS HOSIE RY PERFU MERY PHOT OCRA PHY CONFE CTION ERY FASHI ON ACCES SORIE S(

JEWEL LERY MANSS HOP STATIO NERY & GREETI NGS CARDS TRAVE LS LEATHE R GOODS

T here are 3.

different types of stores to sell practically anything you can imagine. Here are a few of them. Put them into three columns in relation to their usual size: Very Large, Large-Medium, Small. Perhaps you and your partner disagree on this. Justify your decision with an example. Or

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY health food shop, shoe store, book shop, furniture store, (shopping) mall, paint shop, camera shop, shopping center, cosmetics shop, convenience store, supermarket, boutique, department store, sporting goods store, hypermarket, lingerie shop, music shop, hardware store, leather goods shop, mega store, electronics shop, (open air) market, second-hand shop, CD shop, car dealership, toy store, discount store, hat shop 5. Make a list of the sorts of shops, eating establishments, entertainment and sports facilities in a typical shopping mall

.A Store Luring Young Customers By Warren St. John TECHNO music pounds at a mindrattling level. A television plays a videotape of a Japanese boxing match, there are no helpful signs pointing to men’s or women’s departments, and no obvious staff members in sight. This is what it’s like walking into the Diesel jeans store in New York City. Customers who are brave enough to reach the “denim bar” find themselves confronted by 35 different types of blue jeans with strange names like Fanker, Kulter, Ravix and Kratt. A poster intending to explain the various options looks very confusing. Diesel stores are so confusing that it begs a question: Are they the worst run stores in America, or is

/

something sneaky going on? The answer: something sneaky. Diesel jeans cost $115 to $210 a pair, and 60 percent of the company’s customers are young men. While some large clothing stores have simplified the layout of their stores to put customers at ease, Diesel's approach is based on the belief that the best customer is a disoriented one. You need a sales assistant to help you understand. Sales assistants. who have been given a fiveday course in denim, help shoppers by explaining all the terms and styles. One such salesperson is Stephen Miranda, a 22-year- old aspiring artist from Brookly n with sideburns and a shaggy rock-star hairdain an exceedingly tight pair of jeans. When Mr. Miranda spots a lost-looking shopper, he said, he uses a soft sales technique. “I try to be their shopping friend,” he said.

While customers are feeling happy about being rescued, Mr. Miranda is actually trying to figure out as many details as he can about the customer from their clothing, attitude and friends. Based on his assessment, he then recommends a number of styles he hopes will suit the customer. On a good day, Mr. Miranda said, his technique might result in the sale of 35 pairs of jeans, roughly $5,000 worth. On average he sells $9,000 to $ 10,000 worth of jeans a week. A Diesel sales assistant can make more than $40,000 a year. from The New York Times, July 14,2002 • Summarize Diesel’s sales strategy regarding the layout of the store and the help of the sales assistant. • What is Stephen Miranda’s sales technique? • What’s your opinion about these strategies and techniques? How would you feel as a shopper at Diesel? • How successful is

Mr. Miranda at his job? • Has a sales assistant ever “helped” you using the same technique? Did you spend a lot more money than you had originally intended to? Were you satisfied with the purchase? Share your experience with the class.

Christmas - It starts earlier every year! by Angela Court

WHAT IS CHRISTMAS? A religious festival, time spent with loved ones, cards, presents, decorations or parties. To each individual it means something different. But these days Christmas seems to have turned into a bit of

a premature commercial bonanza. I can’t be the only one who’s noticed how everyone and everything seems to go a little crazy in the run up to the festive season, or the fact it seems to come upon us earlier every year.

A kind of mild panic seems to set in somewhere between late August and mid October, with people starting to shop and

make plans over where they’ll be spending the Christmas holidays.

By mid October you can almost guarantee that every supermarket in the country will have whole aisles piled high with Christmas cards and decorations. Barely have we removed our sunglasses and T-shirts than we find odd glittery gift boxes on the shelves. From late September onwards we

see toys and electrical goods being advertised as, “the perfect Christmas gift”.

isn’t. Christmas is 25th December and not 31st October! Christmas definitely starts earlier every year. Queues get longer, tempers get shorter and more often we hear, “It doesn’t feel like Christmas.” Of course it doesn’t feel like Christmas, becausc it

But tell that to the stockpile buyers and you’ll be wasting your breath. These people love this time of year. It’s their one chance to fill a trolley with enough food to. feed five thousand, using the lame excuse that they’re stocking up for Christmas. In fact, they normally eat the lot and are back for more three weeks later.

Before you get the impression that I'm the sort of person who cannot enjoy the festive season I’d like to point out that I do like Christmas, but at Christmas time. - from Woman’s Weekly, Christmas Special 2002 What’s your view on commercialising traditional holidays? Discuss with your partner

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I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F .Tell your partner three major items you or your family bought this year, e.g., clothes, a piece of electronic equipment, a car. Describe it and the shopping experience. For each one, say where you bought it and for about how much ? Was it expensive, a fair price, or a real bargain ? 1. Role play dialogues about these shopping situations with your partner:

In New York’s Union Square Diesel shop you want to buy a pair of jeans, but you can’t understand any of the “helpful” charts. Suddenly, the shop assistant comes to the rescue. -

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F You bought a computer last week from a discount shop and now you see it has a few problems. Explain what they are and try to exchange it or get a refund. -

You’re in a book shop and want to buy some Christmas gifts for different members of your family and/or friends, but you don’t know what to get. Ask for recommendations based on those people’s interests. -

2 . A “Shopping

Game” The first player begins it by saying: “I went to the grocer’s and bought some sugar”. The second player names another shop with another item. Anyone who repeats a sentence (names the same shop with the same goods), or produces an incorrect statement is out. Who's the winner? Make a fashion survey in the classroom with the help of the following table: PEOPLE INTERVIEWED TOTALS [ 1 | 2 [ 3 j 4 j 5 [ 6 j 7 | 8 | 9 j 10| I I 112 j I 3 114 j IS | A WHERE DO YOU USUALLY GET YOUR CLOTHES? 4.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F B: WHAT IS MOST LIKELY TO MAKE YOU BUY A PARTICULAR PIECE OF CLOTHING?

C: WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INFLUENCES YOUR CHOICE MOS77

Make a planning committee of four people and design the newest, biggest, best, and most overwhelming shopping mall in Hungary. Where will it be? How many levels will it have? Draw the layout. Include all the shops, parking and entertainment facilities, etc. How will it be different from all the others? 4.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

Harrods is said to be “the” store in London. Describe “the” shopping place in Hungary. 1.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 2.

Do yon like shopping in a big store? What are the advantages/disadvantages?

3.

Describe the different types of shops in Hungary.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Which do you think is better, a small shop with personal service or a big, selfservice supermarket with a large choice and cheaper prices? 4.

5.

Is it easier to buy presents for men or for women?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 6.

Where do you usually do your daily shopping?

Do you think the shopping situation in Hungary is better now than it was when you were a child? 7.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 8.

What do you think of the large western chain stores arriving in Hungary?

Explain the difference between a shopping centre, a supermarket, and a department store. 9.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 10. Do

you ever do any shopping by catalogue or mail order brochure? Does this type of shopping have advantages over going around different shops looking for what you want?

Hungary is becoming a consumer culture just like the US. What’s your opinion about this? Does Hungary really need the huge number of new shopping malls and hypermarkets everywhere? 11.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 12. What

do you know about shopping by the Internet? How can you do it?

13. What’s

your opinion about TV “programs” which are just very long commercials (“infomercials”) advertising and trying to sell products? How can you buy those products?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 14. There’s

an expression “Shop till you drop.” What do you think it means? Do you ever go shopping for long periods of time till you find what you want? Do you like shopping all day, just for fun, and only stop when you’re totally exhausted?

15. Lots

of young people like to “hang out” at shopping centres. What about you? Is it a fun place to be and meet your friends, do a little shopping, maybe take in a movie? compare the shop with a Hungarian greengrocer’s, what differences do you /notice? What items would you not find? Would the Hungarian be open on Look at this photo taken in London on a Sunday morning. Describe it. If you

Sunday? Would it have foreign scripLx>n the notices? Who do you think the customers of the shop are on a weekday and on a Sunday? Do you approve of shopping on Sunday? Even if you were the greengrocer?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

There are many ways of getting about town. In most big cities people have a wide choice of tram, bus, trolley-bus and underground routes in addition to a taxi service. Trams, trolley-buses and buses stop to pick up passengers at special stops. At these stops English people usually queue up so that those who come first get on first. During the morning rush hours, with so many people hurrying to work, the vehicles are usually overcrowded. During the evening rush hours, with everyone hurrying home, they are packed full, too. When a passenger pays for his trip we say he is pay ing his fare. If the passenger does not find a vacant seat, he usually holds on to a strap to keep from falling. Sometimes the bus you are on does not take you right to your destination. In this case you have to take another bus, i.e. you have to change buses, or transfer. The London underground (the Tube) is one of the largest in the world. At the same time, it was the first to be built (started in 1870). It has 10 lines and nearly 300 stations. Trains are fast and frequent: during the rush hours they run at intervals o f 9 0 seconds. You can buy your ticket from the ticket office

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F at the underground station, or from an automatic machine.

As trains and buses are crowded, people with cars use them to travel to work. Driving in city traffic, however, often results in getting into a traffic jam, so it is better to leave your car at home. Driving in heavy traffic during the rush hours is not only slower than walking, but also more dangerous.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY 1.

u i

transport

P bl c

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY On Put each of the following words into its correct place in the passage below.

fare, sliding doors, platform, conductor, crew, cab, double-decker, bus stop, driver, tube, rush hour, destination, inspector, subway, lift, hail, single-decker, taxi-rank, tip, metro, meter, escalator, conductress, check

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY A taxi, sometimes called a (a)__- is the most comfortable way to travel. You simply

(b) waiting,

- the taxi in the street or go to a (c) ___

1, where there are several taxis

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY for example at a station. At the end of the journey, you can see how much the (d) is by

looking at the (e)But

' . . You add a (f)-• -

tothis, and that’s it. Very simple.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY expensive! What about taking a bus? If it has two floors, it’s called a (g)
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get a good view from the top. If it has only one floor, it’s called a (h) _____________________________________________. Most buses have

;

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY a two-person (i) ._____: the (j) ; • course, and the (k)____

(or (1) an

,,

’ ~-f.who_____________________drives, of

if it’s a woman) who takes your money. Keep your ticket because

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY (m) iv> j_li might want to (n) ' 1 it. You catch a bus by waiting at a (o) .

You can see where a bus is going because the (p) 1_is written on the front. But try to

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY avoid the (q) <,

Quickerthanthebus is '' ’ in

London, the (s) > IParis and many other cities).

the underground (called the (r)

in New York and the (t)

"•

‘

in

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY You buy your ticket at the ticket-office. Go down to the (u)________________. the (v) or

in the (w) . f . The__________________train comes. The (x) open. You get on. You look at the

on

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY map of the underground system. Very simple. 2.

Put each of the following words or phrases into its correct place. [Ot]

traffic jam, dual carriageway, handbrake, driving licence, change gear, rush hour, clutch, lanes, footbrake, cat’s eyes, overtake, lay-by, hard shoulder, accelerator, ignition key

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY 1.

To start a car you have to turn the ..

to the riglit.

The three pedals on the floor of a car are called (from left to right) the , the......., 2.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY and the..........

3.

Before you . . . . . . . . you have to push down the clutch.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY 4.

Before pulling away, you must remember to release the

5.

To..........another car means to drive past it.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY 6.

If you pass a driving test you are issued with a

When only drive slowly or not at 7.

the road is so full of cars that you can all, you are stuckin a.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY ........This usually happens during the......when people are driving to and from work.

In Britain, to help you drive at night, there are are 8.

in the middle of the road. These

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY metal studs which are reflected by a car’s headlights.

Most motorways are divided into 2 or 3. .The area at the side of a motorway where 9.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY you can stop (e.g. if you have a breakdown) is called the.

10. A............is

the traffic.

a space next to a road where you can park your car out of the way of

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY 11. A fast

road (not a motorway) with 2 lanes in each..........................direction called a.; ------------------------------------------ U3 --------------------------------------------

is

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Using your dictionary match the term to the appropriate part of the automobile. There are a lot of differences between British and American terminology. Where there are two versions, the British word is given first. 3.

Outside: bonnet/hood; boot/trunk; windscreen/windshield; tyre/tire; indicator/turn signal; headlight; roof; windscreen wiper/windshield wiper; wing/fender; number plate/license plate; bumper; rear-1 ight/taillight; engine; radiator grille

Inside:

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY dashboard; fuel gauge/gas gauge; steering wheel; ignition; footbrake; clutch; gear lever/gear shift; speedometer; aceelerator/(also: gas pedal)

Here’s some information from The Budapest Sun’s Visitor’s Guide to help foreign tourists get around in Budapest. Do you agree with its point of view? OFTIVIIMGf

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Driving in Budapest should never be tackled lightly and certainly not by the fainthearted. There is a highway code, though few seem to give it much regard. Traffic Lights

Take traffic lights, for example. In most cities, the sight of the amber light is enough to make most people slow down, ready to stop at the soon-to-follow red light. Not here. Amber, if it is a symbol of anything, means that the driver should floor the accelerator from however far back they might be. The result is that red stop lights are jumped with startling regularity, so beware. Lane Discipline

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY The principal dog-eat-dog rule of making progress in Budapest is that you get from A to B in the shortest available time. This means that drivers rapidly change lanes to get into the fastest moving lane, usually without using their turn signals. It is a mad form of highway anarchy. Driving Papers

As a visitor you will not need a Hungarian driving license, but you must keep all the car documents, your driving license and your passport with you. If stopped by the police, they will ask for your papers, and not having them is an offense. Drinking

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY As a rule of thumb, don’t drink and drive. It’s illegal. TJX XIS

Avoid unmarked taxis. Even if they have a taxi sign on the roof and are standing in a taxi rank, if they don’t have a company name on the outside, don’t get in. You can hail a taxi in the street, but it is cheaper if you book over the phone. The better companies have English-speaking operators. PUBi-IG TFtXKNSPOt=tT

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Budapest has an excellent network of public transport, including buses, trolley buses, trams, the metro and overland HEV train. Not only is the system reliable, safe and punctual, it offers an exceptionally cheap and easy method of covering the city.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

You can use the same type of ticket for all forms of public transport in the city, but remember when you change lines or systems you must validate a new ticket. Public transport works on a trust system, making it easy to jump on a bus or tram without a ticket. If you get caught, however, you will face a fine. Ticket inspectors wear red armbands and can spring up anywhere at any time.Tickets

WKooáfyH&űKJ FvctOsJ'aflyu I C»s ve?s< Iwe

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

You can buy single tickets, books of 10 singles, special Metro Section 3-stop tickets, Metro transfer tickets, 1-day unlimited travel tickets, 3-day and 7-day tickets. Various types of travel passes can also be bought for a longer period of time, which require a passport type photograph. Tickets can be purchased from tobacconists, metro stations and ticket machines (although many machines do not work). Metro-------------------------------------------

Budapest’s metro system is incredibly simple. Comprising just three lines, it is possible to go from one side of the city to the other in around 15 minutes. The metro runs from 4:30 a.m, until just after 11 p.m. The HÉV____________________________

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

The HÉV connects Budapest with its suburban districts. A popular journey for tourists is from Batthyány tér to Szentendre. For this trip you will need to purchase a special ticket. Bus *----------------- —-_______________

Budapest has more than 200 bus routes covering most of the inner city and the suburbs. In the mornings particularly, the buses are very crowded and you should expect to stand for most of the journey. The driver announces the name of each stop slightly before pulling up. You must press the stop button in good time if you want to get off. Tram______________________________ The tram network offers perhaps the most tourist- friendly way of navigating the city whilst taking in the sights. If you take only one tram journey in Budapest, jump on the

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

No. 4 or 6 tram over the Margaret Bridge and you will be rewarded with the most spectacular view over the Danube.

1.

What is the main advice given about driving in the city?

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

2.

What opinion is given about public transport?

3.

What warnings and advice are given regarding taxis, tickets, and buses?

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

4.

5.

How many types of tickets are mentioned?

What other types of transport in Budapest - both public and private - are not mentioned in the text?

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF mA man had a row with his wife leave home later

his breakfast was burnt. This made him

than usual,...he drove to work very fast dog ran

he was going round the corner, a

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF across the road. The man stamped on the brakes, the car skidded (the road was in a very

bad condition man lost control

the City Council had not repaired it for a long time). The

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF of his car. crashed into a lorry.was parked on a double yellow line. Imagine you are the man. While in hospital a reporter comes to ask you questions. Tell him/her what happened. Role play - At a ticket office Student A

Student B

You are a foreign tourist and you want information about using the public transport to get to a tourist sight and what kind of ticket(s) you need. V______________________________J J

You are you! Help the tourist with his/her questions, because the ticket salesperson doesn’t speak English. Be friendly and helpful. Hungarians are famous for that! v

3. A memory

game

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF Look at the pictures of the American and international traffic signs for a minute or less and try to memorize the expressions that go with them. Your partner covers up the words and only shows you the picture. You must tell your partner the expression. If you’re right, you get a point. Take turns with your partner. Who got the most points?

No Vehicles No entry No overtaking Oncoming traffic Maximum speed No parkingCaution has priority [¡mit

A A A A A A V

<s>

® No Right Turn No Left Turn No U-Turn Keep Right. There’s a traffic One Way. Traffic flows island, median or obstruction only in the direction of ahead. the arrow. Intersection Dangerous bend Road narrows Intersection with Two-way traffic Falling rocks Give way (yield) (curve)secondary road

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF Make up some traffic regulations for “Fantasia” (-a strange country where everything is different). Example: You must not drive at over 30 mph on Sundays. 4.

A friend from abroad is visiting your house. He/she is phoning you to ask how to get from the airport/railway station to your house. Tell him/her which public transport to use. 5.

Role play - On the public transpor t

f

N

Student A You are a foreign tourist on the public transport (you decide what type). You’re riding without a valid

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF ticket because you thought the ticket that you validated for the previous part of this journey was valid now. v_________________________J

Student B You are the merciless ticket inspector. Listen to the tourist’s excuse, but explain the system, and make him/her pay a big fat fine.

Describe this picture. What time of day do you think it is? Where was the picture taken? What major traffic problem does it show? What’s your opinion on banning cars from city centres? Is public transport developed enough to make that a good decision? 6.

A city strangling on its own economic success: Walking is often faster, but not so healthy.

Are there any differences between means of public transport in Britain and those in Hungary? What are they? 1.

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF If you have to travel from the place where you live to the centre of town, how would you travel? Describe the journey. 2.

3.

How would you improve transport in cities and towns in Hungary?

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF 4.

What advice would you give to a visitor to Hungary about local travel?

5.

How do you travel to school?

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF 6.

If your family owns a car, what sort is it, and why did you choose it?

7.

Explain what happens in a driving test. How would you change it?

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF 8.

“Women are better drivers than men; insurance statistics prove it.” Discuss

this statement.

9.

Why do you think it is compulsory to wear seatbelts in most countries?

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF 10. What

do you consider some of the most common causes of accidents in

Hungary?

11. Discuss

the growing problem of pollution in Hungary nowadays due to the increased traffic. Can anything be done to improve the situation? Here are some words which might help you: lead-free petrol/gasoline (US); catalytic converter; carbon monoxide; air quality; to ban; two-stroke engine; pedestrian precinct.

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF 12. Explain

-

to a foreigner how to get:

from your town’s train station to the town centre,

1. Put one of the following words in each blank: and, as, because, so, but, because, which. IV. DO IT YOURSELF -

from the coach/bus station to the main hotel.

13. Talk

about bicycles and city traffic problems. How could more people riding bicycles help the situation? What are the many positive aspects of bicycles? And what are their down sides? Think about weather conditions, practicality for people who live far from school/work, etc. What advantages do trams have over other types of public transportation for a foreign tourist in Budapest? What other advantages do these electric trains have over gasoline-powered buses for city traffic

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E ?In general train services in Britain are very good, especially on express intercity lines. However, they are quite expensive unless you can get a reduction. The easiest way to get a reduction is to get a return ticket. If you buy a dayretum (so that you go and come back on the same day) you can save 45% of your fare. Other return tickets are available for travel at weekends or mid-week. If you cannot buy a return, you must buy a single. In Britain tickets (except some special reduced fares) are valid on all trains. It is not necessary to pay a supplement to travel on an express.

If you want to find out details of train journeys you can phone the information office at the station in most towns or a travel agent. They will tell you about reservations and whether it is necessary to change trains on your journey.

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E You must buy a ticket before you can go on to the platform at British stations. The ticket collector will want to check your ticket and will sell you a platform ticket if you do not want to travel but only want to say goodbye to a friend. You must keep your ticket safe during the journey because it will be checked when you arrive, and probably during the journey as well by the guard. All trains in Britain have first and second class carnages; if you want to travel first class you have to pay about 50% extra for your ticket. There are smoking and no-smoking compartments or carriages on all trains, and most inter-city trains have buffet or restaurant cars.

Did the romance of travel die with the steam locomotive? How did travel by railroad beginning in the early 19lh century revolutionize the industrialized world? Explain the

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

expression “America made the railroads, and the railroads made America.”Travel by air

Ot Complete the words. The number of spaces equals the number of missing letters. Travelling by pla_is quite expensive, but it’s the best and fastest way to travel very long distances. First you need to bo _ _ a seat on a flight (make a reser ___). This is usually done by calling or visiting a travel ag , or calling an airl _ ______________________________directly. Generally you need to pay for the ticket at least one or two weeks before depa

638

_

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

date. On the day of the fli___, you need to arrive at the air _ _ _ _ about two or three hours before departure ti „ You’ll probably have to stand in a long li /queue at the ch _ -in desk. You show the ticket agent your ticket and pass assign you a se _.

, and the agent will check you in and

She/he will also check your lug_____to your desti j.______■_ and then give you a

boar j___: pass.

639

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

Next you have to go through passport con______________and a __________________________________check, which nowadays

secu'

takes a long time due to heightened security because of the threat of terr

.

Then you go to your departure ga _ _ and wait in the departure lou for flight to

your

bo____. Once you’re on the plane, the saf_procedures will be demonstrated and you must fas___your seatbelt before take_. The flight atten_____serve attend

meals

and

to the passengers’ needs during the flight. The cap_gives updates about the journey throughout the flight. Some flights are dir destination,

from your departure city to your

but often you have to tran r_/change planes in another city for longer flights. Eventually the plane Ian _ i in your destination city, and after another passport control you can pick u j* your bags at the baggage cl That is, if they haven’t lost your luggage or left it in the city where you began! If you’re lucky, friends or family members are waiting for

640

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

you in the arri___term _ i 1 _, and you can begin to tell them all about your flight.

641

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

WELL BEING - A Guide to Good Health for Travellers Over the years, British Airways has accumulated a great deal of knowledge and experience about the effects of air travel on the body. The body is sensitive and used to a daily pattern on the ground. Long periods in the air and travelling through several time zones in a pressurised cabin can often affect sleep patterns, digestion and circulation. We want to show that we care by passing on what we know. Pre-flight > Moderate intake of alcohol, tea and coffee > After check-in, take a stroll around the terminal > Drink plenty of water, little and often is best > Avoid heavy meals > Tune into the Well Being > Apply a good moisturiser to audio channel for soothing keep skin feeling fresh music and, on longhaul flights, watch the Well > Moderate intake of alcohol, Being video shown straight tea and coffee the day after take off before travel > Remove contact lenses > Wear loose, comfortable before going to sleep clothing that is not constricting Carry out the exercises detailed During the flight below > Eat a light meal . A few simple exercises can help reduce tiredness, stiffness and the likelihood of sluggish circulation which can result from sitting in one place for a long time. We advise you to carry out these exercises every couple of hours and take a brief walk around the cabin whenever you can. SIT

CORRECTLY Place your pillow in the hollow of your lower back to keep the natural curves of your spine. Try not to cross your legs - this will help your back and circulation. Sit tall - avoid compressing

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your spine by sitting with your weight evenly balanced on each buttock. Lengthen up through the top of your head. Keep shoulders relaxed.

When you Land NECK ROLLS Sit back in your seat and flatten the headrest. Gently and slowly allow your head to roll to one side - do not force it then back through the

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

centre and towards the other side. Try to keep the back of your neck long and your shoulders relaxed. Repeat several times.

ANKLE CIRCLES

Sit tall in your seat. Place the pillow under your right thigh, just above the knee. Keep your weight even. Now circle your right foot around, keeping the whole leg as still as possible. Make ten circles in each direction with each foot.

your ears, then circle them back downwards. Imagine you have pencils on the tips of your shoulders and you have to draw big circles. Repeat six times, then lift the SHOULDER shoulders towards CIRCLES Sit tall, but your ears and drop move forward a little in them back down six your seat. Bring your times shoulders up towards

. >

Take a gentle stroll; then put your feet up and relax.

First, and Club World passengers, as well as Gold Executive Club members can revitalise at The Molton Brown Travel Spa at Heathrow airport. from high life, December 2002 Ask your partner to act out the exercises and monitor his/her performance >

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I. Role play - At a travel agent’s IV. DO IT YOURSELF .Student A

Ask the travel agent for information and advice. You don’t have much time for this journey, but you don’t have much money either. Ask about the advantages and disadvantages of the different means of travel. You’re especially interested in trains. Also find out where to leave from in London, what types

You’re a student tourist in Britain. You’re in London now. You want to travel to Scotland and visit several places, especially Edinburgh and Loch Ness.

of tickets are available, etc.

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I. Role play - At a travel agent’s IV. DO IT YOURSELF v______________________________J Student B

1.

You’re the travel agent. Use the chart to answer the tourist’s questions and be ready to give advice and make recommendations. Find out something about the tourist’s interests and perhaps offer some organised programmes.

Make up mini-stories using the following key words:

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I. Role play - At a travel agent’s IV. DO IT YOURSELF a)

stop on the motorway, couldn’t start it again, another car, tow it away

b)

a friend of mine, puncture, had a spare wheel

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I. Role play - At a travel agent’s IV. DO IT YOURSELF c)

a policeman stopped my dad, gave him a breathalizer, hadn’t drunk anything

d)

run out of petrol, have a spare can

Find out from your partner what his/her favourite form of transport is. Why does lie/she like it? Find out what forms of transport he/she has travelled on in his/her life.Then do a survey in 2.

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the class and find out which form is the most popular: train, car, plane, ship, space ship, dog sledge, horsedrawn sleigh, bus, Roman chariot...Student A

You’re flying from Washington, D.C. back to Hungary on Air France with your best friend. You’re late and worried about missing your plane, which will begin boarding in 15 minutes. The two of you want to sit together next to the window. You both bought a lot of souvenirs, so you’ve got three suitcase» each. You only have $40 cash on you. Your friend only has $30. You want to know if you have to change planes,

and if so, where. You want to know how and where to take the shuttle train to the departure gate, and which gate is yours. Oh, and you forgot to pack your pocketknife in your suitcase, it’s still in your pocket. It’s your good luck charm, and you hate to be without it,

especially when you’re flying.

v______________________________ ____________________y

Student B

back, emergency exit, etc.). There are no more window seats available. The rules state that each passenger may have only 2 suitcases. Each additional suitcase costs $50 each. No exceptions! Answer the passenger’s questions. Air France’s terminal is in Paris, Charles de Gaulle Airport; all transfers are made there. Ask some security questions about who packed the bags and if the passenger is carrying any weapons or sharp objects, e.g., knives. J Look at these notices and explain the rules. Why do you think these security measures have been introduced? Can you think of some other notices often seen at airports? v

5.

You are a flight attendant for Air Please lentci France and you’re working at the Children check-in counter. Your flight will must not ride or be begin boarding in 15 minutes. Find carried on out where the passenger wants to sit the troileys (window seat, aisle, center, front,

NO SHA RP OBJE CTS jut hand Joggat je . before

you AVOI D FINE S& DEL AYS MEA T, FOO

D AND CAN CAR RY DIS IF IN DOU BT LfcA

VIf you had to go from Budapest to London, would you go by air, by train, by coach, by car or would you hitch-hike? Explain the reasons for your choice.

What are the disadvantages of a long sea crossing? Would you travel to America by sea? 1.

2.

When did you last go on a trip or journey? Describe the experience.

What documents do you need when travelling to a foreign countiy? Where and how do you get them? 3.

4.

Summarize what you have to do if you want to fly somewhere.

What are the positive sides of riding a motorcycle for long distance travel as well as city travel? What about the negative points? Would traffic congestion and pollution in and around cities be less if more people rode motorcycles and scooters instead of driving cars? 5.

How has travel changed in the last 200 years? Were there important forms of transport that aren’t really used any more? What? Where does one very famous type of vehicle - the coach - get its name from? Did you know that this word is virtually the same in every language? 6.

7.

Which countries depend quite a lot on ships and boats for travel?

What are the best points about travelling a long distance by bus? What are the worst points? Are buses better for short distance, inner-city travel than for inter-city? Why, or why not? 8.

9.

What can go wrong with a car during a long journey?

10. It

should be illegal for one person to travel alone in a car. Every car should have at least two people in it. Otherwise that person should have to take a bus or train, etc. Discuss.

11. Talk

about a journey by train you’ve been on. Where did you go? How did you enjoy the trip? How is travelling by rail different than other ways of travelling?

12. What

do you know about Hungary’s Intercity train service? Have you ridden it before?

13. Which

do you think is a safer form of travel: airplanes or cars? Why? Do you know any safety statistics about them? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^ Jokes “Has your dog got a license?” the policeman asked the boy. “No,” came the reply, “he’s not old enough to drive.” Did you hear about the wooden car with the wooden engine and wooden wheels? It wooden go. A man’s car suddenly broke down while he was driving down a country road. He got out of the car and looked under the hood to see if he could fix it. After a while a horse came up to him, had a look at the car, and said, “Your trouble is probably the battery” The man was so surprised that he ran down the road until he met a farmer walking towards him. He stopped the

farmer and told him exactly what had happened. “Did the horse have a white spot in the middle of his forehead?” asked the farmer. “Yes, yes!”cried the motorist.

“Don’t pay any attention, then,” said the farmer,“that was only Dobbin and he doesn’t know a thing about cars.”A C C O M M O D A T I O N A N D H O L I D A Y S I. READ AND COMPARE

Guesthouses and Bed and Breakfast These are generally quite cheap, small, and almost always family run. They often have no private bathrooms. Guesthouses provide breakfast and at least one other meal. Those called bed and breakfast establishments (B & B) only provide breakfast and have fewer facilities and lower prices. 1.

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Hotels Book in advance, especially in the summer months, and give: numbers of double or single rooms and number of persons; date of arrival and approximate time; number of nights and date of departure. Breakfast is often not included in hotel rates, particularly in London. For English breakfast you have to pay a supplement. Most British hotels and motels have some rooms with showers or private bathrooms. There is no official system of hotel classification, however, the English Tourist board uses a system in their Where to Stay guide, obtainable from 4 Grosvenor Gdns., London, S. W. 1. 2.

Youth Hostels Your Youth Hostel membership card is accepted in all British hostels, and anyone can join overseas or in the UK. Hostels are closed during the day and you can stay up to 3 nights. Guests must share housework and observe rules. Charges are low, from £5 to £10 per night. Cooked morning and evening meals are available and packed lunches are provided on request. There are separate dormitories for boys and girls. Cooking and washing facilities are provided. Further information from: YHA, Trevelyan House, St. Albans, Herts. 3.

I Fill in the missing information: 661

Fill in a similar chart with information on types of accommodation in Hungary. Include campgrounds.

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1.

Holidays

Ot Put each of the following words or phrases into its correct place in the passage below. peak, off the beaten track, hitch-hiking, leisure, off-peak, resort, package holiday, youth hostels, travel agents, cutprice tickets People have more money and more (a)_____nowadays, and even young people can afford to go abroad. Many (b) _ _ j offer cheap (c)__:__i__for flights to all parts of the world, so youngsters can avoid the crowded, well-known places and get to less famous areas which are (d) 21______. Instead of using public transport and hotels, they can travel by (e)

__-_____< and stay at (f) __________. But most people prefer some kind of

(g) : ■_______at a popular holiday (h)_____, which means that everything is arranged 663

for you and the price you pay includes transport, food and accommodation. Try to avoid taking your holiday during the busy (i)

'» tourist season. It is more crowded and

expensive. If possible, go in the quieter (j) g period. 2 . Journeys

Group these kinds of journeys under the following headings: land, sea, air. trip, journey, voyage, passage, expedition, safari, trek, tour, flight, cruise 3.

When on holiday which of the following things do you like to do? Are there any you would never do? Extend the list as much as you can.

4. Make a list with five columns with these headings: mountain climbing, skiing, bird watching, camping, cooking out. Now write the equipment you need for each. 0-t

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665

H eat, H y pe a 11 cl Heroics ...=

---- by Péter Roóz

“It doesn’t matter how you get there, just do it as fast as possible!” With this as their slogan, the cream of the Paris jeunesse dorée decided, before New Year 1979, to drive to Dakar, capital of Senegal. Back then, they never dreamed that their idea, which had been conceived mainly as a jape to combat ennui, would turn into something much more serious: the Paris-Dakar Rally.

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But why on earth would anyone want to drive across the Sahara? Why does anyone spend a mint of money on such a project, why would you want to spend days on end with sand in your mouth, why keep doing it, year after year?

Easy questions to ask: the answers are more difficult. We asked Balázs Szalay, the Hungarian member of the Paris-Dakar madhouse, to give his reasons. The whole point of a competition is to win. Did you go out there with the aim of winning? -

667

No. Alongside all those factory-farmed competitors an amateur doesn’t stand a chance. I went because I wanted to be able to say that I had done it. The challenge appealed to me, the desert, the test of endurance. -

-

And did you stand the course?

Yes, but not the first time round. I’ve done it three times, and I only managed to get to the end the third time. But the atmosphere, the sense of adventure were just as good the other two times. -

-

What exactly is the atmosphere, careering across the desert?

668

It’s a friendly atmosphere. Paris-Dakar is a real contest, but even so you can always count on your fellow competitors. If you get into trouble, someone will always stop and help, even if it means that they fall behind. At the rest-stops the evenings are chatty and fun. -

-

Is this why you do the Rally?

Yes, though my reasons have been slightly different each time. The first time, my main motivation was to be able to say that I had done it. After I failed the first time, my motivation the next time was obviously to put that right - and when I failed again, well, the third time I went I just wanted to prove myself that I really have what it takes. And I did it. -

669

- So

what will your motivation be the fourth time? -1 don't know if there’s going to be a fourth time. I’ve done it now. Perhaps it’s time to look for a new challenge.

-

/

670

from Horizon, March 2000

Would you like to take part at the Paris- Dakar Rally?

What could motivate you? Discuss the pros and cons with your partner

671

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F .Have any of these “holiday truths” ever happened to you? Tell your partner about it. holiday TRUTHS

Your hotel room will overlookThere the car is not another untanned body to park, not the beach in the be seen on the entire beach. brochure. Your boyfriend, If there is any building gorgeous back home, work going on in the suddenly looks pale and resort, it will be taking uninteresting compared place directly below your with the native hunks. window.

No one is ever remotely interested in your holiday photographs. You will lose your expensive sunglasses on the very first day.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F You’ll never wearCustoms all the officers will usually only ask clothes you take with you - to look inside your suitcase you will live in a white T- if: shirt and shorts. It takes two weeks for you to get a lovely, golden tan - but it will peel off two days after you arrive home.

It took half an hour to close it in the first place.

b)

The one cubic inch that you’ve failed to smother in mosquito repellent is the inch that a mosquito will bite. You will be wide awake at 7 a.m. every day during your holiday, but as soon as you get home you’ll find it impossible to wake up when your alarm goes off at 8 a.m

a) you have packed something embarrassing right on top.

. Tell your partner about that particular holiday in detail. You can use the following list as a guideline for your talk. 1.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

where you went

-

why you chose this place for a holiday

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

how you travelled

-

who you went with

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

where you stayed

-

how you spent your time

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

who you met

-

what sort of food you ate

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

what the weather was like

-

what souvenirs you bought

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

how much the holiday cost altogether

-

if you would recommend it to someone else, etc.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Design a symbol to mean each of the following, then test your partner how well he/she understands. 2.

double rooms public bathroom central heating telephone in all bedrooms TV in all bedrooms sauna

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F air-conditioning hotel bar

children’s playground pets allowed parking available

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F single rooms rooms with private bath shower

parking place available ironing facilities indoor swimming-pool radio in all rooms restaurant in hotel minibar in all rooms fishing

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F credit cards accepted Role play - At a guesthous e Student A

You are staying at a guesthouse. You do not know the regulations. Make polite requests. You want to:

-

come in after midnight

watch the host’s colour TV instead of the black-and-white set in the lounge -

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

have two showers a day

have a party for friends living in the town. ¡•raq/unq ||31 }(uop ]nq - 3Ar|Bjai e icy iuooi siq pasu no^ ‘Suisnpj joj suosbsj poog puy -sisanbaj auios 3>|nui [jiM aq(s) pug jsanS 12 si y juapnig 'ssnomsanS 1; jo jsum.o aqi are no^ -

aiuapnjs V

-

cook in your room

J 3. Situations

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F You arrive at a caravan park. You have not reserved a pitch in advance, but think you would like to stay for three days. Ask the reception if there is space, saying how long you wish to stay and how many people there are in your party. Remember, also, to give details of your car and caravan or tent, and to ask how much it will cost. -

You are hitch-hiking with a friend in the North of England when you reach a little village. There is no youth hostel but you see a “B and B” sign. You knock at the door. What do you say? - Yo u went on a package holiday to London and stayed in a hotel where the door of your room had a faulty lock. You discover one evening that something you bought has been lost, and you are sure you had it in the morning. What do you say to the hotel receptionist? -

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F - Yo u want to catch a train at 8 in the morning and are afraid of oversleeping. What do you say to the receptionist the day before?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

1.

Have you ever been on a package holiday? When and where?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F What are your views on hitch-hiking in order to explore a certain large area cheaply? Would you - as a motorist - give lifts to hitch-hikers? 2.

3.

What are the disadvantages of sleeping in youth hostel dormitories?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Do you enjoy camping? Has it got any advantages? Have you ever had a camping holiday? When and where? What was it like? 4.

5.

What are the pleasures and drawbacks of staying as a paying guest?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F , 6. What kinds of information can you get at the reception desk?

7.

What things do you expect to find in a room in a good hotel?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 8.

Compare accommodation in hotels, camping sites, and private houses.

9.

What accommodation in Hungary would you advise to:

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

a royal visitor?

-

a British teacher, his wife + baby?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

a student?

10.

How do you intend to spend your next holidays?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 11.

Describe the dream vacation you’ve always wanted to go on.

Which countries have you visited on vacation? Which was the best? What did you like/dislike about it? 12.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Which places would you visit if you had a week at Christmas, a week in April and a week in August? What would you do there? 13.

14.

What would you pack for holidays in these places:

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

Australia in the summer;

-

Siberia in the winter;

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

a tropical rain forest during the rainy season in July;

-

Hollywood in the summer;

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F -

New York City anytime.

15.

Look at this photo. What's your first reaction?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F How would you offer help to this young woman?

How do you think she feels at the end of her holiday after carrying so many bags?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Would you share that opinon? 17% of travellers will forget something anyway

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

1 7 . J O B S A N D O C C U PAT I O N S I. READ AND COMPARE

Jobs are traditionally divided up into two large categories: blue collar and white collar. Blue collar jobs are generally the manual labour type, such as factory work, road crews, building and construction, etc. The white collar jobs are the office jobs such as bank clerks, office workers, teachers, computer operators, etc. They are called blue and white collar because of the colour of the shirt traditionally worn in those jobs. Wearing a uniform is still required for numerous jobs, such as police officers, hotel doormen, nurses and many others. While many jobs have regular hours - typically 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and are called “nineto-five” jobs - some require shift work. There is usually a hierarchy in a work place, and at the top is the employer, usually called the boss, who is generally a type of executive or manager. Below this are other supervisors, and then the other employees. Sometimes there is a labour union in the work place to protect the rights of the workers. Most occupations require some sort of qualifications, such as passing certain exams, being able to use certain equipment, etc. When you apply for a job, first you send your curriculum vitae (CV) with a cover letter, both of which tell about you, your qualifications and employment history. If the personnel department likes your CV, you will get a personal interview for the position. There are more women in the workforce than ever before. Having two incomes, or salaries, is a necessity for most families nowadays. And it is becoming more common for women to be executives and have leading roles in their companies. But it can be very tough for a woman to be both worker by day and mother/homemaker by night. This is what is called balancing a career. Unfortunately, in today’s economic hard times a lot of people don’t have jobs and can’t find the kind of work they were trained for. These people are unemployed, and it’s sad to say their numbers are growing.

/

If you were in charge, how would you solve the unemployment problem

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

?9. 9.

12. 13. 14. 15. 702

11.

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY 16.

17. 1. Read through the sentences and do the crossword,

703

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY 1.

You would go to this person to buy such things as rings, watches etc.

2.

His/her job is to arrange dances - especially ballets.

704

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY 3.

This person can help you find a good book to borrow.

4.

The doctor who performs operations at a hospital.

705

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY 5.

This person's job is to wear new clothes and to show them to people in the hope that they will want to buy them. Usually done by a woman.

6.

His or her job is to write theatre plays and dramas.

706

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY 7.

Agatha Christie made a lot of money because she was this.

This person writes music for a living. filling in the right jobs. 0-w

8.

707

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY A man or woman skilled in book-keeping and money matters.

This person’s job is to arrange funerals. Picasso was a famous one.

708

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY A person who can do skilful things with his body, such as balancing on a rope. His/her job is to study the stars and planets scientifically.

The man or woman in charge of a newspaper or magazine.

709

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY This person is skilled in studying the science of the mind and the way it works so as to affect a person’s behaviour.

A traveller through outer space. This person’s job is to dress and cut hair, especially for women.

6. 710

2 .

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

17 .

7 11

Look at these jobs and try to classify them into jobs traditionally done by men, women, or either. If they are usually restricted to one sex only, try to decide why; i.e. it could be for physical reasons, or cultural, or simply because of prejudice. Complete the chart with ticks (/) in the appropriate columns and notes on the reasons, and then discuss it in groups. 2.

3. Decide on the required qualities.

Got a moment? Are you suffering from hurry sickness? by David Stafford ----------------------

It isn’t a sudden epidemic. The symptoms have been accumulating for 500 years or more. The Puritans gave us the work ethic. The Industrial Revolution gave us clocking-on. Henry Ford gave us the assembly line.

IF YOU EVER FEEL you’re buckling under the pressure to get more done in less time, then you are suffering from a very modern illness. The average time taken for lift doors to close is two to four seconds. Yet in most lifts, the The big downturn came with Frank “door-closed” button has been brutalised Gilbreth, a bricklayer from Maine who by impatient travellers. Hurry sickness invented time and motion study. With is the leading disease of the modern age. stopwatch and camera, he attacked everything to the philosophy of ‘onebest-way’ - that is the fastest, the most efficient means of achieving a given task.

He applied his methods at home, too. His 12 children were taught to eat, sleep and play by the clock. Tooth brushing was done to a metronome. He installed a gramophone in the lavatory so they could listen to language exercises while doing their motions. He was a fun dad. Gilberth’s scope was to pack every second with productivity.

Whoever said ‘time is money’ doesn’t understand either concept. The 10 minutes you save today cannot be used to make tomorrow just that bit longer. When the doctor tells us we have three weeks to live, we cannot direct his attention to the strongbox under the bed where, thanks to a life of prudence, we have almost 15 years stashed away.

In our age, a laptop can, in a nanosecond, perform mathematical feats that would have taken grandfather a week. And has this reduced the working week to a nanosecond? Don’t be silly! But it’s not just a disease of the workplace. When we exercise we want to do it faster, harder, longer. 3

Time saving methods don’t save time: they just speed things up. The faster you deal with problems, the faster new ones come at you. from BusinessLife, 2002/Januray 200

December

do you feel about this “hurry sickness”? /Isn’t How it time for mankind to slow down and enjoy life? Discuss

.Based on these CV suggestions make a list of dos and don’ts when writing a CV. paper. Never give the interesting for the H o w t o w r i t e a impression that this is reader to see your one of many CVs current position and you’ve photocopied duties first. C V Professional and sent out • Try and keep your indiscriminately. presentation will help • A photo may be CV brief. The general guideline is to use one relevant, but don’t go side of an A4 sheet. make the right in for gimmicks, Perfect prose isn’t elaborate designs or expected - note-form impression - and get fancy typefaces. is acceptable. • Your CV is you the job that you representative of you, Between the lines and shouldn’t arrive looking tatty. want • Never send a CV • Ideally, gear your CV without a covering to the vacancy. For letter explaining which example, if the need When applying for vacancy you’re to take on applying for. If you’re responsibility is a job, it is likely you’ll writing on spec, send stressed, provide be up against a a short letter examples of number of other explaining what kind positive how you’ve done this candidates. of position you are in the past; try not to Writing a professional interested in. send a “blanket” CV. CV is one way of • Focus on major getting noticed before achievements. Have Content you even set foot in you successfully the door. any Interviewers will • Structure your CV by managed projects/brought in a list of decide whether or not writing headings. new to see you on the important strength of your CV. These should include: systems/increased Demonstrate Don’t just think of it as your name, date of sales? on paper are a list of facts; it should birth, address, phone an assetthattoyouyour also be a resume of number (evening and present employer. qualifications, your personal, day), educational and work history and any • List a couple of your outside interests or career history, as well major achievements. as an indication of • If applying for a job skills. Perhaps you your own strengths where your academic are bilingual? Don’t and achievements. record is important, forget leisure pursuits participating in See our sample (next list qualifications and sports, for example, page). grades, if your field of shows the potential for work is less formal, a team work. summary of Presentation qualifications and any • Do not ask for your training CV to be returned. • Always type your vocational Many companies do you’ve received CV. Use a good be more relevant. may keep them “on file”. typewriter/word processor - if you • Start with your most • Keep a copy of your don’t have one, recent job, giving this CV and look at it more space, and work before your interview. borrow a friend’s. • Use good quality backwards; it’s more

Eleni Kyriaco

u1. Using this as a model, write your own CV.

Coal miner

Cashier/motorway café Ambulance driver Vicar

Social worker Shopkeeper Computer programmer Bus driver

Gas/electricity worker Docker

Cook in school canteen Travelling salesman Dentist’s receptionist Teacher Sewage worker Road sweeper

Psychiatrist

Joiner Entertainer (pop star; TV/film star)

Farm worker

Nurse

Policeman/woman

Airman (R.A.F.)

Bricklayer

Water board worker

Hospital cleaner

Member of Parliament

Baker

Mechanic

Car worker

Milkman

Youth club leader

Fireman

Lorry driver

Artist

Deep sea welder Housewife

Managing director of toy factor

y Think about the jobs and decide on their importance. Give them a mark out of 5, using the following system: a)

b)

Decide on the three most important and the three least important jobs.

c)

Now give the jobs marks again out of 5, using this different system:

d)

e) Look at the previous list of jobs or think of different ones. Make note of the job you would like to apply for in each of the following cases:

a)

You are a student or old age pensioner, who would like to earn a little more money in your spare time. The time needs to be flexible and you’d like to work outdoors.

b)

You are taking your ‘O’ levels this month but don’t know what you want to do. You like reading.

c)

You are a doctor’s wife whose children are grown up. You can type quite well and are looking for an interesting, responsible job which is not too time consuming.

d)

You are a mother, looking for a part-time job while your children are at school. You can’t type and must be free in the school holidays. You love small children.

e)

You are an ambitious school leaver of 18, with a lively personality. You have no experience but are willing to learn. You’ve just passed your driving test.

Discuss your answers with a partner, giving reasons. Think of a job you’re interested in. Imagine you’ve seen an advertisement in a newspaper or magazine offering an opening for that job. You’ve already made up your CV in Exercise I, so now write the cover letter to go with it. In the letter don 7 repeat the information given in the CV, but rather focus on personal characteristics and highlights of qualifications you have that make you the right person for the job. 3.

Begin the letter with:

Dear Sir or Madam,

With reference to your advertisement in___ (NEWSPAPER) of_______ (DATE)

I wish to apply for the job of_____ (TITLE). End the letter with:

I hope you will be kind enough to consider my application and grant me an interview.

Yours sincerely,

_________

(SIGNATURE)

Compare the two jobs below, and discuss them with your partner. Choose another job, fill in the table, and answer your partner’s questions about it. 4.

Look at this picture. Discuss with your partner the following questions: (You don’t have to agree!) 5.

What’s the woman’s job? Is she good at it?

What skills does she need for her work?

What are her working hours?

What are the conditions? (Pay, social security, pension schemes, office environment, etc.) Is she happy in her job? Why?

Can you imagine yourself doing this job? Why, or why not?

7. Read the poem.

A Winner’s Creed

If you think you are beaten,

You are If you think you dare not,

You don’t If you’d like to win, but think you can’t It’s almost sure you won’t If you think you’ll lose,

You’re lost

. / Do you agree

For out in the world we find

Success begins with a person’s will It’« all in the state of mind Life battles don't always go To the stronger or faster hand But sooner or later The person who wins Is the one who thinks ‘I can’

V. T H I N K I T O V E R ?Which jobs are well paid in Hungary? Which professions earn average wages? Which ones do you think are badly paid and deserve more?

1.

Work in pairs. One of you chooses a job, the other asks the following questions, and then tries to guess his/her partner’s job.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R a)

Do you have to get up early?

cl) Do you have to think a lot?

Do you have to get your hands dirty? e) Did you have to study for a long time to b)

V. T H I N K I T O V E R c)

Do you have to travel?

learn the job?

Do you have to work long hours? etc. f)

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 2.

3.

How do young people choose their careers?

Is it easier now or more difficult than it was 30 years ago for school-leavers to decide what to do?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 4.

What sort of jobs do your parents do?

5.

What sort of qualifications does someone need in order to to become a I....?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Would you like to do any of these jobs?

Which one? Say why.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R What do you think are the advantages and the disadvantages of each job?

6.

Do you think in the future there will be enough work for everybody?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 7.

Will people have a shorter working week in the future?

8.

What would you suggest people could do with their leisure time in the future if they have only a three-day work week? VI. GET ORGANISED

V. T H I N K I T O V E R They say: “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”

What they don’t say: “All play and no work makes Jack a poor boy.” Or a happy boy?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Well, whatever you think, work is a part of life, and talking about work is sometimes a part of a language exam. Follow this outline, and talking about a job will be a lot less work. Talking about a job

-

Name of job

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

Type: white/blue collar

-

Type of workplace (e.g., office, factory, hospital)

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

Typical hours: regular or irregular (shift work?)

-

Usual work schedule (e.g., 9 to 5, graveyard shift)

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

Brief description of job duties (e.g., teach children to speak English)

Training/qualifications required (e.g., university degree, internship, practical experience) -

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

Typical salary

-

Good points (e.g., good salary, not difficult)

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

Bad points (e.g., long hours, stress)

-

Why you would like to do it

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

GREAT B R

I.

RE AD AND COMPARE

British people have the reputation of being shy and reserved with strangers. Actually, this is not always true. Of course, some are shy and reserved with strangers, and some are shy and reserved with everybody. But others are extroverts and talk to anybody. This just proves that you shouldn’t make generalisations about people! But making generalisations about people is great fun. Everybody knows that all Englishmen wear bowler hats, pinstripe suits and carry umbrellas; Scotsmen are mean, hate spending money and drink whisky all day long; Welshmen do nothing but play rugby and sing. And the Irish ? Well, they only exist so that other British people can tell jokes about them! One generalisation is probably true. The British don't like answering personal questions about their private lives. You must never ask them how much money they earn, or how old they are. Only officials can ask questions like that; that is perhaps why the British don’t really like officials. That’s another generalisation... What generalisations do Hungarian people make about Britain and British people? Do you think they are true? What generalisations do you think people make about Hungary? Are they true? What about other nationalities? The English coine from England, the Scots form Scotland, the Welsh from Wales and the Irish from Ireland. Think of as many European countries as you can. What languages do they speak?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

ENGLAND

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 1.

fish ’n’ chips

2.

English breakfast

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 3.

tea time

4.

keep a stiff upper lip

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 5.

moor

6.

dale

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 7.

double-decker

8.

pigeon

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 9.

10.

the Tube

Union Jack

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 11.

GCSE

12.

public school

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 13.

beefeater

14.

pub

meanings.

Think of Scotland or England, and many stereotypical things come to mind. But what are they in English?! Match the words to their

V. T H I N K I T O V E R SCOTLAND

skirt with many pleats worn by men fish, often served smoked

V. T H I N K I T O V E R traditional pattern of squares and lines crossing each other wind musical instrument typical Scottish cap with a pompon on top traditional competitions played in the mountain areas

group of families related to each other

V. T H I N K I T O V E R a.

a bus with two levels

b.

nickname of the British flag

V. T H I N K I T O V E R c.

elite private school

d.

a place to drink, eat and socialize; a public house

V. T H I N K I T O V E R e.

bird typical of Trafalgar Square

f.

5 o’clock in the afternoon, time for a light meal

V. T H I N K I T O V E R g.

wild open high land

h.

eggs, bacon, sausage, fried tomatoes, potatoes, toast, butter, jam, melon, cereal, milk, tea, coffee, juice

V. T H I N K I T O V E R i.

traditional quick meal, served with vinegar

j. final exam certificate (General Certificate of Secondary Education) k. wide valley

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 1. to hide one’s emotions, stay tough when times are hard

m. nickname of the London underground

V. T H I N K I T O V E R n. guard of the Tower of London, wears a special red uniform

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

Th United Kingdom

Consult a map of the British Isles and mark the places mentioned in the text. Area: 244,100 km2 Population: 57 million Capital: London Languages: English, Welsh Currency: Pound Sterling (£)

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

BRITAIN can be referred to in several ways. The British Isles is the name given to England, Scotland, Wales and the whole of Ireland in the geography books. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) is the name of the land the Queen reigns over. Great Britain is England, Scotland and Wales, but it is often used to include Northern Ireland. The Republic of Ireland is Southern Ireland, and it is independent of the UK. SCOTLAND

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N There are three large geographical areas in Scotland: the Highlands, the Lowlands and the Islands, 5 million people live in Scotland. Edinburgh is the capital, Glasgow is the chief industrial and commercial city. Places to visit:

Alloway, Aryshire - the birthplace of Robert Bums, Balmoral Castle - to be seen from a distance, The Edinburgh Festival - for music and drama, The Western Isles - for the beauty of their high land and wide seas, The Shetlands and Orkneys - the remote and barren northern islands, Loch Ness - to catch a glimpse of the monster? ENGLAND

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N England is often sub-divided into 3 parts: the North, the Midlands and the South. Some places of interest in the North:

Hadrian’s Wall - named after the Roman Emperor Hadrian - was completed in the 2nd century'. It is a huge fortification all along the Scottish border. The Lake District - an area of mountains and lakes which looks larger than it really is. Dramatic, romantic scenery. York - once an important Roman city. It has remains from all periods of history. The city walls, the cleaned and restored cathedral and its streets of medieval buildings are most impressive. Some places of interest in the Midlands:

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Stratford-upon-Avon - the birthplace and burial place of William Shakespeare. The Royal Shakespeare Company plays here at the Festival Theatre as well as in London. Cathedral towns of Worcester and Gloucester - their ancient cathedral churches are beautiful and the towns provide a centre for cultural and business life. Coventry - the fine modern cathedral has been built next to the ruined one, bombed during World War II. The Peak District - an area of Derbyshire, it is England’s first National Park, protected against industry. Some places of interest in the South of England: Windsor- the town on the River Thames. Its castle is a royal residence. Eton close to Windsor. The famous public school here was founded in 1440. Canterbury - the cathedral and the residence of the Archbishop of Canterbury, who is the religious head of the Church of England. Bath - a beautiful town in the West country, interesting, because it was developed and built in the 18lh century and remains as it originally was. Oxford and Cambridge - the famous (and the oldest) university towns in Britain.WALES

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N The capital is Cardiff'. There are 2.9 million inhabitants in Wales. The largest number live in the industrial areas of South Wales. There is a Welsh language. Welsh folklore and language strengthen each other. Every year a national festival of traditional poetry and music is held. It is called the “Eisteddfod NORTHERN IRELAND

It is a land of lakes, rivers and a varied sea coast. It is a great place for outdoor sports and for tourism - when times are peaceful. Above all, the Northern Irish people are friendly and generous. The country’s capital is Belfast.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N London

The Romans founded the city of Londinium in A.D, 43, which is now known as the City of London, an independent business quarter between St. Paul's Cathedral and the Tower of London. Not much of the Roman settlement remained, and the later medieval city is only remembered in the names of the very narrow streets which make it up. When the kings of England moved there with their governments to form the administrative centre around the Royal Palace of Westminster, a much larger city grew up, but the narrow, crowded streets of wooden houses were almost completely destroyed by the disastrous fire of 1666. This event, however, allowed for the laying out of a completely new city designed mainly by the architect Christopher Wren.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Visitors to the great metropolis are often surprised by the amount of green, open space. Much of the extensive parkland was originally preserved by the kings for hunting and now survive as public parks.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N

Check your knowledge of British history. Read the text without looking at the words at the bottom. Can you guess what goes into the blanks?

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N 0-»

The (a)_______invaded Britain beginning in the 8th century B.C. These warrior tribes were

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N great metal workers and introduced farming. The (b) - - ' and pushed

invaded in 43 A.D.

many of the Celtic tribes westward. The Romans built cities and (c) dominated

, and

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N the Celts.

When the Romans left Britain around 410 A.D., various Germanic tribes called the Angles, (d)

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N __________ and Jutes invaded Britain, again pushing the Celts westward into Wales, Cornwall and

Ireland. The Angles gave their name to the country: (e)

.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Anglo-Saxon rule ended with King Harold’s defeat at the Battle of ( f ) " 1066 by

in

William of Normandy. The Normans introduced the feudal system. The Norman-French nobility ruled the Anglo-Saxon peasants and became so strong by the 13th century that they forced King

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N John to sign (g)_______ to the nobility. These

, which limited the King’s power and gave rights

rights eventually were extended to all people, (h) - -■ establishment of

also grew with the

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Parliament during this century.

England reached its first golden age under Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth I in the 16th

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N century. Under them, (i)______■■ values and arts flourished, the country established its own

Church, and Britain became a great economic and military power.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Cromwell led the forces of (j) -" Charles I and the

• '• and the gentry to victory over King

nobles in a civil war (1642-48) to decide who would have sovereign power. Britain became a republic, though the monarchy was restored in 1660. The Bill of Rights, however, required the monarch to rule with Parliament.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Britain established colonies throughout the world in the 17th and 18th centuries, primarily in North America, (k) 1 . and Australia. This gave Britain greater economic power, and the English

language began to spread. The British Empire grew stronger because of the revolutions in (1) and agriculture during the time of Queen Victoria in the 19* century.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N World War I and the years of depression that followed reduced Britain’s world power, though the position of women became better with more job opportunities and the right to vote. Prime

Minister (m)_______led the country through World War II, but his Conservative Party lost the

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N following election to the Labour Party. Labour created the W7elfare State by nationalizing health services and the gas and electric industries, and helped the country get back on its feet during a period of economic prosperity in the 1950s and 60s.

During the 1970s the U.K joined the European Economic community.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Margaret Thatcher, the first woman Prime Minister, dominated British politics in the 1980s with her conservative policies that partly took apart the liberal Welfare State but did strengthen British power. In recent years Britain has joined the European (n) J ' < ■_____________________.

Now complete the text with the following words: Hastings, Celts, Democracy, roads, Union, India, industry, Magna Carta, Saxons, Churchill, Renaissance, Romans, Parliament, England, Europe

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

You and your partner are planning a sightseeing tour of London. Student A is primarily interested in museums, while Student B prefers historic monuments and buildings. You only have time to visit two of each. Use the following information as a guide, and have a conversation to decide which places you will visit. 1.

Trafalgar Square

National Gallery Whitehall Downing St. No, 10

The Houses of Parliament

West End The. British Museum Madame Tussaud’s Waxworks The Monument

The Tower of London • the largest square in London • in the centre: Nelson’s Column • two beautiful fountains • pavement artists • sightseers taking photos and feeding pigeons « one of the world’s finest collections of paintings • museums and art galleries are free

• political

centre, most of the government offices are here • official residence of the Prime Minister »a policeman (“bobby”) stands here • Victoria Tower; Clock Tower (Big Ben) • a flag by day on Victoria Tower and a light by night on Clock Tower shows that the Parliament is sitting. •The House of Lords • The House of Commons • best shops, theatres, clnbs, palaces, parks • London’s well-to-do live here • the biggest and most famous museum • the richest collection of Greak and Roman art in the world • priceless treasures • the Library and Reading Room are world-famous

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

• in

Baker Stcet. • famous people, politicians, actors,. > in waxwork • 1666: the Great Fi re of London destroyed much of the capital • built by Sir Christopher Wren • its height, 61.5 m., is the same as the distance from this place to that where

the fire broke out • originally a fortress built by William the Conqueror in the lllh century • the oldest building in London (900 years old) many towers: White Tower, Bell Tower, Bloody Tower, Traitors’ Gait, etc, • for centuries a place of state intrigue and royal murder (Thomas More, Ann Boleyn) today a museum: the Crown Jewels. Beefeaters: famous guards of the Tower who wear a special unifor

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

mBritain has produced a large number of great cultural figures over the centuries. Here are some of them. Make a list with four columns with these headings:

Writers, Composers, Artists, Scientists. Put the names into the correct columns. 0-*

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

William Hogarth, Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, John Milton, William Byrd, Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Thomas Gainsborough, Isaac Newton, William Blake, Robert Bums, William Wordsworth, Henry Purcell, John Constable, Edmond Hailey, Walter Scott, Jane Austen, Lord Byron, J.M.W. Turner, Bronte sisters, Charles Dickens, Wijliam Morris, Robert Louis Stevenson, Oscar Wilde, James Joyce, G. B. Shaw, Edward Elgar, T.S. t^iot, D.H. Lawrence, George Orwell, Henry Moore, Virginia Woolf, Benjamin Britten, Francis Bacon, The Beatles, Samuel Beckett, Harold Pinter Choose one of the people in Ex. 2. Do some research on him/her (in an English language encyclopedia, if possible) and give a 3-5 minute oral report to your class. Be sure to cover these topics: 2.

-

Name, dates, activity (poet, painter, etc.), nationality

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

-

Very short biographical outline

-

Most important works (names of novels, paintings, etc.), dates

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

-

His/her significance in the arts/science

This history’ of the English language is all mixed up. Put it in order and write the correct number into the box. On 3.

| J The language spoken by the Viking invaders of the 8th-10th centuries was similar to English, but also different. The two groups of people needed to communicate for trade, so English grammar became greatly simplified and word order became very important. Many Norse words were added to the vocabulary, e.g., skirt, sky, get, egg, sister.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

j~~| The grammar of Old English was similar to modern German, and many words related to farming are from Old English: sheep, shepherd, ox, earth, dog, field, work.

| Tj Latin words related to the church and learning, e.g., angel, priest, hymn and school, entered the language when St. Augustine brought Christianity to the Anglo-Saxons in the 7th century.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

| Tj The language began to spread around the globe and become a world language because of Britain’s colonization and the U.S.A.’s strong political and cultural influence everywhere. Today English is the first or second language in about 25 countries. There are many dialects of English, such as American or Australian. About one in five people - 900 million altogether - speak English as a first or foreign language.

[~7j The Norman invaders brought with them their French language, and French was spoken by the nobles at court. For 300 years, most English kings couldn’t speak English! Soon a huge number of French words flooded into English, especially words about the court, law and culture: royal, justice, beauty, beef, pork.English is a member of the Indo-European family of languages. The Germanic languages spoken by the Angles and Saxons who invaded Britain in the 5th century soon became one language, “ Anglish,” the basis of English.

| | The introduction of the printing press in about 1476 started the standardization of English,

and spelling became more regular. Modern English began around 1500. During the Age of Reason more words were borrowed from Latin and Greek, especially for scientific purposes.

j | The languages spoken in England before these Anglo-Saxons - Celtic and Latin - left no real mark on Britain or English except in place names, e.g., Thames, York, Londinium.

j~j The period 1150-1500 is called Middle English. It is clearly a mixture of Old English and French, though most of the Saxon word endings had disappeared. There were still many dialects. QUIZ How much do you know about the British?

1.

How many people live in Britain?

Why should you be careful about using the word “English” when talking about Britain? 2.

What exactly are the United Kingdom, Great Britain and the British Isles? 3.

4.

What’s the origin of the name “Great Britain”?

What is important about these years in the formation of Great Britain: 1536; 1603; 1707? 5.

6.

Some years ago Scotland and Wales thought about “devolution.” What is

it?

7.

Do the Scots and Welsh want it today?

8.

Why is 1922 an important date in Ireland’s history?

9.

Where do the names “Britain” and “England” come from?

10. Which

11. Who

peoples invaded Britain over the centuries?

lived in Britain 2,000 years ago?

12. What

happened to these people?

13. Which

languages have influenced the English language the most? 1. If big ships want to pass through The flag is made up of three crosses. here, the roadway can actually be What are they?The statue of Eros lifted to let them pass. [~j stands here, at the real heart of London’s West End.

The largest open space in central London, Speakers' corner is at its North-west point and it has a boating lake called the Serpentine. |T~j a) The Tower of London b) Hyde Park c) Westminster Abbey

2.

Buckingham Palace Column, Trafalgar Square f) The Houses of Parliament g) St. Paul’s Cathedral h) Hyde Park Corner i) Tower Bridge j) Piccadilly Circu d)

e) Nelson’s

s

3.

The seat of British government, it has

hundreds of rooms and several courtyards as well as the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

4.

An old Norman fortress, built around 1066. It was the scene of many executions. Famous for its ceremonial guard, known as Beefeaters. Q~j

5.

A statue of a famous admiral stands atop this monument with fountains and statues, laid out between 1829-1841. j^j

6.

The main residence of the British monarch, with a ceremonial guard whose regiment is changed daily. Q]

7.

With one of the largest domes in the world, it was built by Christopher Wren after the old one was desroyed in the Great Fire in 1666. [>~j

8.

A magnificent Gothic building dating from 1050, it was the scene of every coronation since William the Conqueror and contains graves and memorials of some of Britain’s most significant historical and cultural figures,

9.

Really just a very big and busy road junction today, it was and still is the central point from which all distances in Britain are measured, j j

7.

What do these dates refer to?

A.

D.43

/

410 1050 1642-481660 1829-41 Project Tasks:

1066 1666

1. Find 10 rivers in Great Britain. Which do you think is the longest?

2.

Look up the history of a famous town (e.g., York, Edinburgh, Canterbury, Oxford, Cambridge).

3.

Find some places or regions that can be connected to outstanding Britons (poets, painters, scientists, etc.)

Have you been to Great Britain? If yes, give a brief account of your visit.

1. 2.

3.

4.

5. 6.

7.

3.

10. 11. 11

9.

13.

Which part or parts of Britain do you think you would enjoy seeing and why?

How many parts does the United Kingdom consist of and what are the capitals?

Think of as many landmarks of London as you can, and try to say something about them. Which landmark would you like to see first when visiting London and why?

Summarize the history of London in a few sentences.

Can you imagine what London in the Middle Ages looked like? (The houses? The streets?

Any bridges? Cathedrals? Parks?)

Who lives at 10, Downing Street now?

Which part of London would you go to if you wanted

-

to see a good film?

-

to have a good meal in a Greek restaurant?

-

to buy some clothes?

-

to have picnic in the afternoon?

Which of the famous museums and collections in London would you like to see?

What geographical features helped the Welsh (and, to a lesser extent, also the Irish and Scots) to preserve their Celtic language and culture? What is important about preserving it?

Which British cultural figures are best known in Hungary? What do you know about them? When and how did English become a world language? What is it used for today? How has it influenced the Hungarian language?

/

Look at this picture. It looks like Britain, doesn’t it? But it isn’t, it’s Malta, which had British rule for almost 200 years.

Look at the photo more carefully. Describe the British characteristics and find the ones that tell you clearly you are not in Britain. What foreign influence can you trace in Hungary due to other nations occupying it

?2 0 . T H E U N I T E D S T AT E S ,

OF AM ER IC A

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

832

America is a nation of immigrants. With the exception of the Native Americans the original peoples of America - the people of the U.S.A. came from other countries with widely differing languages, cultures, values and traditions. Though you can still find much of this cultural diversity today, Americans largely share one language and a set of basic values and beliefs.

The most important values are freedom and individualism - democratic freedom from tyrannical government and the individual freedom to make one’s own choices and make the decisions that control one’s life. Americans believe very strongly in self-reliance - relying on oneself instead of relying on others - to achieve what one wants.

833

Other important ideas are the equality of opportunity and competition. Americans believe that everyone has the right to be treated equally and fairly, and that everyone must have the same chances for personal advancement. They also believe that competition makes a person better, so there is a high value on competition in business as well as competitive sports.

Americans also highly value material wealth and hard work. Having material goods to make life easier and more pleasant is central to American society. But the way to get these things is through hard work, and the American Dream is that by working hard one can go from “rags to riches” - from being poor to being very rich.

834

— TAm I^OQ irMMCtofs * | 30* /

Yellow cabs are one of the symbols of New York City. A large number of the taxi drivers are immigrants from other countries. Why do you think they do this work? How are these taxis partly a symbol of American individual freedom and independence?

835

The first settlers moved to America during Shakespeare’s time. American English began to develop differently from British English right from the beginning. Today there are differences in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and spelling between the British and American dialects. 1. Spelling Follow the examples and write the words with American spelling. Can you extend these lists?

2. Food

colour (GB) - color (US); favourite, neighbour... theatre (GB) - theater (US); centre, metre... civilisation (GB) - civilization (US); realise, organise...

836

3. Clothes What are the British words that correspond to these American words for clothing? The number of spaces equals the number of missing letters.

837

0-w

838

1.

The

American Frontier Concept

The word “frontier” is about the same in most western European languages. In Europe the word implies the permanent thin line boundary' between two countries. In the U.S. the word “frontier” has an entirely different meaning, rich with connotations stemming from America’s past history. To Americans the frontier is an area with length and width which is constantly changing and growing smaller. The frontier is the new unknown area, the wilderness to be explored, tamed and settled. This idea grew out of the historical experience of the European settlers, called “pioneers”, gradually settling new parts of the American continent and constantly moving west in the period from about 1600 to 1890.

Living conditions were rugged and difficult, and these men and women had to work hard to turn the forests into towns and the towns into large cities. This experience has left its mark on the American mentality. For example, Americans very much identify themselves with the classic stereotype of the pioneer as a rugged individualist. The “tall talking” and often rude style of

the frontiersman, coupled with an overt friendliness and “can-do” attitude still lives on with Americans today.

^ Answer the following questions.

1.

2.

What is the difference between the European and the American understanding of the word “frontier”?

Where did Americans get their concept of “frontier” from?

3.

What was the main period of American westward expansion?

4.

How has the frontier experience influenced Americans?

5.

Find words in the text which mean: meanings -

coming from, deriving from - wild, untamed area - settlers -

rough and tough - made an impression -

a person who mainly depends on her- or himself - telling exaggerated tales -

Compare the American pioneers’ westward migration to that of the Hungarian tribes into the Carpathian Basin. W'hat are the similarities and differences? Did Hungarians develop the same “frontier mentality” as Americans? Why, or why not?

The United States of America, which has approximately 227 million inhabitants, is made up of 50 states, 48 joined together on the continent, plus Alaska and Hawaii. It can roughly be broken up into five large geographical areas. 2.

The Northeast - While there is a lot of farming in this region, especially in parts of New England, it is best known as a center for commerce and heavy industry. Both Boston and Philadelphia are old cities rich in history from the time of the American Revolution. Washington,

C. (the District of Columbia), the capital of the U.S.A., is the center of the federal government, and has many fine museums. New York City, called “the Big Apple”, is filled with landmark skyscrapers, museums and other cultural institutions, and is the home of the Statue of Liberty. D.

Atlanta and Charleston, South Carolina.

The South has traditionally been known as an agricultural region in the past, principally growing cotton and tobacco, but now it is experiencing great economic growth and industrialization. New Orleans is famous for its Mardi Gras (Carnival) celebration and jazz, and Miami, of course, for its beach. Some of the Old South from before the Civil War can be found in cities such as Richmond,

The Midwest is primarily America’s “breadbasket”, with its endless fields of wheat and com in states like Iowa and Kansas, but also has such major commercial and industrial cities as Chicago and Detroit, automobile capital of the U.S. Chicago, which is on Lake Michigan, is aptly called “the Windy City”, and is home to the Sears Tower, the tallest office building in the world.The Southwest is a huge area with deserts, like Death Valley, in California and the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, as well as fertile farmlands, such as the orange groves of California. New high- tech industries are located in “Silicon pacific

Valley”, and there are oil wells in Texas 852

ocean

and New Mexico. The Grand Canyon is

one of its many spectacular natural ---------------------wonders. Major cities include Dallas, of TV series fame; Santa Fe, an important cultural center; and Los Angeles, home of Disneyland and the movie industry in Hollywood. MissW". Montana MT Helena Cheyenne Salt lake City Utah Denver Colorado 853

Sacramento Washington^

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V, • \ Carson City V \ NV California

Do you approve of this policy? Why/Why not?

/

855

The West lives on in everyone’s imagination as the Wild West, with its cowboys and gunfighters, American Indians and prospecting for gold, and it’s the birthplace of Levi’s blue jeans. This is also the area with the beautiful Rocky Mountains and national parks such as Yellowstone. Among its most famous cities are San Francisco with its hills, streetcars and the Golden Gate Bridge; Denver, the Mile High City where skiers love to go; Seattle, known for its yearround temperate climate, and Las Vegas, gambling capital of the U.S

.Read the following brief history of the U.S.A. and match the nine paragraphs to the pictures of the men who were President during those periods, [c^j

1.

The Declaration of Independence, signed on July 4, 1776, marked the thirteen colonies’ break with Great Britain. The Revolutionary War followed, and when it ended with the British surrender, a new nation was born, called the United States of America.

856

2.

A major addition of land, called the Louisiana Purchase, began an even greater push westward by the pioneers to settle the new frontier.

3.

Conflicts between the industrial North and the agricultural South, which made use of slave labor to work the farms, led to the southern states declaring their independence from the Union and the Civil War, 1861-65. The South lost, the Union was preserved, the slaves were set free, and black men were given the right to vote.

857

4.

After the war industrialization continued, so large numbers of immigrants from Europe came to work in the new factories. By 1900 living conditions for these workers were so bad that the new president introduced many reforms. It was a progressive period, but with the Spanish American War America became an imperialist power and an “international police force.”

5.

The United States emerged from the First World War as a world power, and immigration increased. During the war women began to do men’s jobs and earn more money, and in 1919 they got the right to vote. The sale of alcoholic drinks was outlawed during Prohibition, which was the jazz age of the “Roaring Twenties.”

858

6.

A worldwide economic collapse about 1930 led to the Great Depression, and millions of Americans were out of work. The Social Security system was started and many work programs helped people to survive. America went to war against fascism in Europe, and when the war was over, the U.S. was one of the two “super powers.”

7.

The 1960s were a period of great social change. The Civil Rights Movement helped bring greater equality for blacks. The Cold War with the Soviet Union was the basis of the Vietnam War, in which American world domination and economic superiority began to slip.

859

8.

Due to high inflation and the Watergate scandal, Americans were less satisfied with the national government in the 1970s, leading to alternative lifestyles. Environmental protection became a major issue. In the 1980s America began the “arms race” with the U.S.S.R., bringing the world close to nuclear war.

860

With the collapse of the Eastern Bloc and the Soviet Union, the U.S. Franklin Delano Roosevelt established friendly relations with these countries, helping to create a new world order. However, the United States has been involved in wars in the Middle East and central Asia because of its dependency on foreign oil. One result has been increased terrorist attacks against U.S. targets, which resulted in a war with Iraq.

George Washington Ronald Reagan

Theodore Roosevelt George W. Bush

WoodrowWilson

Thomas Jefferson

AbrahamLincoln

John F. Kennedy

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GUINNESS world records EXHIBIT HALL 0-»

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ftl t Compare your height to the worW's taflest man, and see hundreds of other astounding records

I® Discount to NCHA nr Good Snro 3. Match these famous American authors to their literary works. 2. You and your partner have just won a free two-week all-expensespaid vacation to the U.S.A., and now you're planning it together. Look at these tourist brochures and pictures to help you decide, but use all your knowledge of the U.S.A.

Student A: You’re primarily interested in cities and museums, and seeing how people live. Student B: You love the beauty of nature and mainly want to visit the national parks as well as some historic homes and sites. Have a conversation trying to convince your partner of how to spend most of the two weeks, but be willing to compromise.

1.

Washington Irving

3.

James Fenimore Cooper

2.

Nathaniel Hawthorn

4.

Edgar Allan Poe

Mark Clemens) 5.

6.

Twain

John Steinbeck

(Samuel

7.

Ernest Hemingway

KurtVonnegut The Raven East of Eden The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Slaughterhouse Five The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn f. The Scarlet Letter g. The Last of the Mohicans The Old Man and the Se 8. a. b. c. d. e.

aDo some research on one of the following topics related to American culture. Try' to use an English language encyclopedia. Then give a 3-5 minute oral report to your class.

Music: John Cage, Leonard Bernstein, blues, Muddy Waters, jazz, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald, rock and roll, Elvis Presley, The Doors, rap

Literature - one of the writers in Exercise 3, or:

Fiction: Jack London, 0. Henry, J.D. Salinger, Jack Kerouac, John Updike Poetry: Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, Allen Ginsberg, Sylvia Plath Drama: Eugene O’Neill, Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller

Visual Arts: Winslow Homer, Jackson Pollock, Andy Warhol and Pop Art

Film: Hollywood, Charlie Chaplin, Woody Allen, Stephen Spielberg, George Lukas

When giving your report, be sure to include this information about the cultural figure:

-

Name, dates, type of cultural activity (e.g., painter, writer) i Very short biographical outline

-

Names and dates of the most important works

-

The artist’s significance

The capitals of the differem states are often not the largest or most famous cities in those states. Where are these cities? Mark them on your map of the U.S.A. 4.

New York City, Los Angeles, Dallas, Miami, Chicago, San Diego, Seattle, San Francisco, Las Vegas, Tucson, New Orleans, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Detroit 6. What follows are the questions for a “lost” text on the American flag. First find out the

Research Project Choose one of the states and give a 3-5 minute oral report on it to your class. Be sure to include: 7.

-

Name of state, region of the country, capital, size of population, date it

became a state

-

Main geographical features, famous landmarks

-

Important cities

-

Economic basis (e.g., potatoes, heavy industry)

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Important historical events that happened there, famous people from that stateWhich parts of America would you like to visit? Why?

1.

Can you describe some of the landmarks of the U.S.? What are they like? Why are they famous?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 2.

Which are the main geographical regions of the U.S.A. and what are they known for?

3.

How many states are there in the U.S.? Which are the oldest?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 4.

What geographical features are the most famous all over the world?

5.

What does the American flag look like and what do you know about it?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 6.

Have you ever heard of the nickname “Uncle Sam”? What does this refer to?

7.

Why do think the United States is often referred to as a “melting pot” or a “salad bowl”? How does this describe American uniformity and diversity?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 8.

How would you describe a typical American?

9.

When many people think of America, they first think of cowboys. Why do you think the image of the American cowboy can still be found in advertising and movies and means “American” to so many people?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 10. What

are the basic American values? What do you think of them? Do you share any of them? Can you find these values represented in American films?

11.

A lot of Hungarians emigrated to the U.S. in the 1920s and after 1956. Do you think they found the America they had dreamed about? Did their dreams come true?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 12. Can

you name any famous Hungarian-Americans?

13. Make

a list of various institutions and images which you consider typically American, for example Mickey Mouse or Coca-Cola. Why are they in your list?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 14. Jazz

was the first truly American music. What do you know about its origins? Who were/are the most famous jazz musicians?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

Hungary is situated in the heart of Europe and it covers an area of 93,000 square kilometres. It has a population of 10.3 million inhabitants and has been a republic since October 23, 1989, when it adopted a new Constitution.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R To the west, Hungary borders Austria; to the south, Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia; to the east Romania and the Ukraine; and to the north, the Slovak Republic.

Most of the country is flat - two-thirds consist of the vast expanses of the Great and Small Hungarian Plains. The hills in the western part of the country lead to the Alps, while higher hills lying to the northeast are part of the Carpathian Alps. The biggest river is the Danube, which extends 470 kilometres in Hungary. The highest point in Hungary is a peak in the Mátra Mountains called Kékestető, 1015 metres above sea level. Lake Balaton is the largest lake in Central Europe, and its surface is almost 600 square kilometres. It is a popular holiday resort with Hungarians and other Europeans alike.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R The climate of Hungary is temperate, with distinct seasons. The temperature in Hungary may rise above 30 °C in summer, while in winter it may fall as low as -20 °C.

The capital of Hungary is Budapest, with 2.1 million inhabitants: it is the political, economic, commercial and cultural centre of the country. It is also one of the most important railway junctions in Europe. It lies on the two banks of the River Danube. Buda and Pest were two towns before 1873 when the two parts of the city and Óbuda were officially united.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Other major cities include Miskolc, Debrecen, Szeged and Pécs, none of which has more than 200,000 residents. For years there has been a constant migration away from the villages to the cities, in spite of the rising unemployment in industrial areas due to factory closings.

While Hungary is one of the most ethnically homogeneous countries in Central Europe (90% of the population are Magyars), it does have a number of different minorities, the largest of which are the Gypsies.

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

Think of a country, look up the different data about it in an encyclopedia and make up a similar text to introduce it.When you’re talking to an English-speaking person about Hungary', you need a lot of words that might be unfamiliar to you in English. Match the English word with its Hungarian equivalent. a. Onkastély b. Alföld c. zsinagóga d. dismóvágás e. törzs f. bogrács g. szüret h. kút i. Dunakanyar j. kulacs k. honfoglalás i. bazilika m. pálinka n. gulyás o. Puszta p. kokárda q. halászlé r. Dunántúl s. fürdő t. kilenclyukú híd u. locsolás v. busójárás f

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I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

1. kettle

2.

goulash

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

3.

fisherman’s soup

4.

brandy

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

5.

pig sticking

6.

sprinkling

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

7.

the Puszta

8.

canteen

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

the 10. well 9.

1 i. the Great Plain

nine-span

stone

bridge

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

12.

Transdanubia

13.

The Danube Bend

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

14.

palace

15.

basilica

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

16.

synagogue

17.

baths

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

18.

grape harvest

19.

the Conquest

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

20.

tribe

21.

cockade

I . R E A D A N D C O M PA R E

22.

Carnival Sunday Procession

What are the Hungarian names for these museums? Where are they? What collections do they have? the Museum of Fine Arts, the National Gallery, the Outdoor Ethnographic Museum, the National Museum, the Museum of Transportation, the Art Gallery, the Pharmacy Museum, the Christian Museum, the Museum of Agriculture, the Ethnographic Museum, the Museum of Applied Arts, the Castle Museum, the Museum of Natural Sciences 1.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N .A Short History of Hungary

The Hungarians are descended from a central Asian people whose original homeland was beyond the Ural mountains between the Volga and Káma rivers. Led by Árpád and the other chieftains, they migrated to the Carpathian Basin in the ninth century. In the year 1000 A.D. Stephen (later St. Stephen) was crowned Hungary’s first king by Pope Sylvester II. King Stephen converted his nation to Christianity, established a state, and instituted the country’s first code of laws, all of which brought Hungary into the European cultural sphere.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N During the reign of the Árpád dynasty, the Tatars invaded Hungary (12411243), destroying everything and decimating the population. King Béla IV helped bring about the rebuilding of Hungary, and moved the royal seat to Buda.

The Golden Age of Hungary was during King Mátyás’ reign in the second half of the 15th centuiy. A learned man, he brought important figures of the Italian Renaissance to elevate the culture of this country.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N The Turks posed a threat to Hungary and the rest of Europe throughout this period, but it was only after Mátyás’ death and Dózsa’s Peasant War in 1514 that they finally succeeded in occupying the major part of the country. The tragic defeat at Mohács split the country into three parts and led to 150 years of Turkish rule.

Buda was liberated by the Austrians in 1686, which brought about the Austrian domination of Hungary, against which two wars of independence broke out. The first (1703-1711) was led by Ferenc Rákóczi, and the second was the famous War of Independence in 1848, in which Lajos Kossuth, the poet Sándor Petőfi and the leading figures of the Reform movement played a significant role. Although these revolts were defeated, the second resulted in the Compromise of 1867 and the creation of the Dual Monarchy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which gave Hungary considerable autonomy. It

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N was during this period that many of the ideas and plans of “the Greatest Hungarian” István Széchenyi were carried out.

Hungary’s involvement in the First World War led to the end of the Habsburg reign and the loss of about two-thirds of Hungary’s territories. The Treaty of Trianon in 1920 set the borders of present day Hungary, thereby making millions of ethnic Hungarians minorities in the neighbouring countries.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Hungary again fought on the losing side in the Second World War, during which time the whole country was literally a battlefield. 1948 marked the beginning of about 40 years of Communist rale. On October 23'a, 1956 an uprising against that regime began, but like so many attempts for independence from foreign domination, it was brutally put down. However, during the 1960s the country began to liberalize, eventually leading to the creation of the independent Republic of Hungary in 1989.

After more than a decade of democratic government, Hungary is now a NATO member, and is entering the mainstream of European life by joining the European Union.

/

Briefly describe what in the years: happened in Hungarian history 896,1000,1526,1848,1920,

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N 1956,1989,2003Flood of support for fountain book launch

THE English-language version of a book on the restoration of the historic Renaissance Hercules Fountain at the Royal Palace in Bugyi was launched at a reception held by the British Ambassador.

By Sarah Spencer

The Hercules Fountain was constructed at the Royal Palace in the late 21s1 century, in the reign of King Mátyás, under the direction of the Italian master Giovanni Dalmata.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N It is historically important as one of the first examples of Pop art outside of Italy and should be familiar to most people living in Hungary since its picture is on the back of the FT 50,000 note.

New sites added to Unesco heritage listing

By Horatio Clegg The Hercules Fountain lay buried and in pieces for centuries. A fullscale replica of it was constructed o\ er a two-year period on the basis of surviving fragments and archealogical and

UNESCO'S World Heritage committee has granted world heritage status to Andrassy ut in Budapest and the wine region of Tokaj in northeast Hungary. In addition, the committee approved a proposal to enlarge the two areas of the capital already listed as World Heritage sites, namely the Castle District

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N and the Banks of the Danube. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's heritage body selects sites

The replica fountain was inaugurated at its original site in the restored courtyard of the old Royal Palace at Visegrád in Hungary’s millenni al year 1980 by the thenHungarian and British Ministers for Culture Zoltán Rockenbauer and Chris Smith.

documentary evidence. Support for this project came from the British Government, Csepeli Áramtermelő are proud to have participated Kft (formerly owned by the British in “We this project,” said the British company PowerGen), and the Martian Ambassador. Government.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N “We wanted to offer Hungary something of lasting historic significance that would always reflect the wide partnership, extending to so many fields, between our two countries,’’ he continued.

The book, by Gergely Búzás, documents in writing and with photographs the meticulous process of reconstructing the fountain and the Royal Disco. - from Ihe Budapest Sun, July 4- 10,2002 based on cultural and natural characteristics deemed to be of "outstanding universal value.” "Tokaj has been inscribed as one of the most outstanding cultural landscapes and areas of winemaking tradition, both in terms of wine production, but also in terms of interaction between human beings and their land, sharing traditions over centuries," said Dr Mechtild Rossier, head of Unesco's World Heritage Europe directorate. The decisions also boost Hungary's listed sites to a total of nine, including two transnational areas: Lake Fertő - Neusiedler See, straddling the border with Austria, and the Aggtelek Karst cave system, which runs along and underneath the Slovakian frontier. from The Budapest Sun, July 4-10,200

2

l.

/

What reasons were given for the Tokaj region being chosen?

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N 1.

Why do you think that Andrassy ut was also chosen? Give a few reasons.

How many World Heritage sites are there in Hungary altogether? What are they? 2.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N Are there any Hungarian sites not on the list that you think should be added? 1. Match up these English tourist descriptions of various Budapest landmarks against their names - note that these names are also translations, "chi 3.

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N 1,

A 700 year-old gothic church on Castle hill, rebuilt in the last century. Many kings were crowned here. [________J

4.

The seat of the Hungarian government, building began in 1880 and finished in 1902. It was designed by Imre Steindl. [

2.

The only bridge rebuilt in modern style after the War, it was the first cable bridge in Europe and is famous for its slender, graceful lines. j^]

7.

A Habsburg fortress on the highest hill of the Danube bank, with the statue commemorating the release of Hungary from Nazi domination at the end of World War II. | '

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N 9.

In the middle of the Danube, and nearly two miles long, it is a spacious and varied leisure park with its own spa. Q

2.

The largest open space in Budapest, it contains the zoo, funfair, and a castle specially built to show the many styles of Hungarian architecture.

3.

Originally a castle from the 13lh century, it was rebuilt as a magnificent residence for the monarchy in the 19th c. and now houses the National Gallery, f j

5.

The first permanent link between Buda and Pest, it was the brainchild of István Széchenyi and was designed and built by two British engineers, both named Clark, j

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N __________________________

8.

Flanked by the Fine Arts Museum and the Alt Gallery, the central column carries the Millenium Monument and stands in front of a semicircle of statues of great historical figures. [

Visitors are usually amazed to learn that this was only built in 1903. It offers excellent views of the city, j^ j

10.

Built in Italian neo-Renaissance style 1875-1884 by Miklós Ybl, its facade

I I I . R E A D F O R I N F O R M AT I O N is decorated with statues of Erkel and Liszt. Mahler, Klemperer and Solti were famous conductors here. Pj Write similar descriptions of landmarks in other Hungarian cities and towns. Read your descriptions out to the class and let your classmates guess which monument you’re talking about

3. What Hungarian towns do the following texts describe? Match them to the pictures on the next page. Which two are not in the photos? lo-»

This 2000 year-old town, called Sopianae under the Roman rule, was the capital of Eastern Pannonia. In the Middle Ages the city walls encircled a larger area than that of contemporary Vienna. The town’s atmosphere is influenced by Mediterranean culture. .J: .*

The town lies right on the Hungarian-Austrian border. As a result of the conservation work carded out here, in 1975 the town was awarded the Europa Prize, a gold medal for the protection of monuments. i>

The country’s highest altitude town with a subalpine climate, inhabited already in the Avar times, in the 6th—7th centuries. The castle played an important role in the 16lh century during the battles against Turkish invaders.

A beautifully situated town in the picturesque Danube Bend, which for centuries was the seat of Hungarian kings. i, ~ c

A resort town about 20 km from Budapest, the southern gate of the Danube Bend. The Roman empire built a fortress here, under the name of Ulcisia Castra, then in the late 14lh century Serbian settlers came to the town.

The economic and cultural centre of the Southern Great Plain. Its main attraction is the famous Open-air Theatre Festival held annually in JulyAugust.

A significant fortress already in the Roman period, it became the capital of the country in the 10th century. Hungary’s first king, St. Stephen was crowned here.

The town, famous for its thermal spring and baths and its wines, is rich in historic monuments. The heroic defenders of the castle set an everlasting example in the battles against the Turks.

Look at the following information about Danube cruises. Then role play a dialogue between a Hungarian travel agent and an English-speaking tourist couple. Discuss the possibilities, make recommendations and decisions. 4.

Themed Danube cruises offer entertainment for all tastes

The Wine Boat - organized in collaboration with Zwack Wine House.

Introduces the most famous wine regions and cellars (Eger, Villány, Tokaj, Tolna).

Thursdays, 3-hr trip, in English and German.

Includes: wine-tasting session, introduction to regions and the art of winemaking and tasting by an expert, dinner opportunity on board, live music, city lights.

The Tea Boat - entertains with live classical music.

Tuesdays, Thursdays; 90-min.

Includes: unlimited tea, coffee and biscuits, live music, guided tour along riverside of capital. The Mahart Minimax Tale Boat - programs for children aged 2-12.

Saturdays, Sundays from 10 am., 2-hr trip.

Includes: fairy tale performances and games, services by child graphologists, refreshment room.

The Concert Boat - features Judit Hernádi, Friderika, Edda, Hobo, TátraiSzűcs Latin Duo, Cotton Club singers.

The Rock Boat - features PaDöDö, Bikini, Favágók, Magyar Atom.

The Party Boat - DJs mixing dance music all night long.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Now change roles and let a different student be the travel agent. Offer the tourists other programs in Hungary, including the following, and any other programs that you think would be enjoyable.Describe the different parts of Hungary. What towns, natural features and other landmarks are interesting in each?

1. Which

cities, towns and parts of Hungary would you advise a foreign tourist to visit? Why?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 2. Talk

about your hometown.

3. What

do you know about the history of Budapest, including its prehistory, ancient history, and more modem times?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 4. Which

famous landmarks, buildings and tourist attractions in Budapest would you show to a foreigner?

5. Why

is Heroes’ Square with the Millenial Monument a good place to tell a foreigner about Hungarian history?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 6. What

are the most important museums in Budapest, and what can you see in them? If you don’t live in Budapest, what museums are there in your town or close by, and what can you see there?

7. Which

is the highest point in the Buda Hills, and how can you get there?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 8. What

is Hungary most famous for? Think about music and musicians, sports and sportspersons, food, wines, scientists, inventions.

What are the most important turning points in Hungarian history? How are some of these celebrated today? 9.

VI. GET ORGANISED

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Talking about your town

-

Name, location, number of inhabitants

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

Short history

-

Geographical features1: mountains, rivers, lakes, etc.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

Landmarks, famous buildings, important/busy streets

-

Some extra information about the most famous landmarks:

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

when it was designed, built

•

who it was designed by

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

why it is famous/important

-

Economy: factories, farms, products that are made there,

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

Shopping places; malls, small shops, markets, etc.

-

Entertainment facilities: concert halls, cinemas, discos, museums, etc.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Public transportation: railroad/bus stations, airports, buses, metro 7 trams, etc. -

7 • • • • • • • • • •

Sightseeing tours in Budapest and Szentendre Bathing and massage in the Gellért or Széchenyi Baths Goulash party Boat trip to the Danube Bend, Zebegény, and Visegrád Guided visit to the Parliament and National Museum Tennis or golf Excursions to the Buda Hills, Bükk, or Börzsöny Budapest by night Excursion to Lake Balaton and Tihany Trip to the Puszta, horse show, folklore performances An evening at the Opera

V. T H I N K I T O V E R -

Your opinion of your town

-

Classical concert at the Academy of Music

V. T H I N K I T O V E R

22. HOLI DAYS AND CELEBRATI ONS I. READ AND COMPARE

Many countries around the world share certain holidays, such as New Year’s Day, Easter and Christmas, but not every country celebrates them in the same ways or even on the same day. For example, many European countries celebrate Christmas on its eve, December 24, but in Britain and America it is celebrated on December 25thlh.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Both Britain and the U.S.A. also celebrate some holidays which are not common in other countries, for instance Valentine's Day (February 14th), April Fool’s Day (April 1st), May Day (May 1st) and Halloween (October 31st). In addition, both have holidays which are unique to them, some of them commemorating important historical events. An important Welsh holiday is St. David’s Day (the patron saint of Wales) on March 1st, and in Ireland, St. Patrick’s Day (March 17th) is the day celebrating their patron saint. Midsummer’s Day (June 24th) marks the longest day of the year, and Guy Fawkes'Day (November 5lh) commemorates the survival of the monarchy and the King after Guy Fawkes unsuccessfully tried to kill him in 1605.

In the U.S. there are only five national holidays that are celebrated in every state (New Year’s, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas), but there are many other holidays of importance. The third Monday of February is called Presidents’ Day, which marks the birthdays of

V. T H I N K I T O V E R George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. As in Ireland, St. Patrick’s Day is observed in America, a day when people wear green for the Irish saint. Mother's Day and

Father’s Day are in May and June. In the summer there is Independence Day (July 4th), which celebrates America’s independence from Britain, The first Monday of September is Labor Day - the American equivalent of May 1st in Europe. Columbus Day (October 12th) remembers the man who discovered America, and the fourth Thursday of November is Thanksgiving Day, a day on which families give thanks for the good things they have by sharing a big meal.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R Many of the holidays have traditional foods and activities associated with them, and nowadays it’s common to send greeting cards to family and friends on many of these days.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY How is the British-American Christmas tradition of hanging stockings different from Hungarian Christmas traditions? How is it similar to Hungarian traditions on Saint Nicholas’s day? Where does the name “Santa Claus” come from?Put each of the following words or phrases into its correct place in the passage below. 0-w

/

’Trick or treat!”, costumes, celebrated, jack-o-lantern, skeletons, dead, evil, treat, witches, pumpkin, tradition, trick, candle, ghosts

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY The old word Halloween, or Hallowe’en, was originally “Hallows Evening” the night before

All Hallows or All Saints’ Day. (a)_______■ on October 31si, Halloween is a night when

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY spirits of the (b) j ' ■ were believed to walk the earth. Now people (especially children) observe this holiday by dressing up in (c) _ of (d) f-' (e).

i ;_________bats, black cats, etc. and going door to door to get sweets. The children shout, (f)

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY )__ give them some candy - a (h) __________ or they just might (g_______

: ' . and you’d better

play a nasty (i) ___u___on you, like throwing toilet paper in a tree in front of your house!

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Another Halloween (j)__'______is to carve a (k)_______from vegetable

a

big,

round

called a (1) __21....... • First, you cut a hole in the top, then take out the insides, cut holes for

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY the eyes, nose and mouth, and, finally, put a (m)__• inside it so that the face glows in

the night and protects you from (n)__spirits. Complete the words that are half-missing. The number of spaces equals the number of missing letters. ji>^j 1.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY The most important holiday in Christianity is Eas_ _ It celebrates the resurr _____________________________________________________________1 of

Chr____, the day that Christians believe Jesus rose from the de_ giving the promise of

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY everlasting life. Cath___' _ celebrate with a vigil the night before and a midnight ma_ as

well as church services on Easter Sun_ Strangely enough, the name for this most Christian

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY holiday comes from a pagan god_______________and her fest of year. With the spring

comes new life, rebirth. It is a holiday of fert

^ and new life.

at this time

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Two important fertility symbols are eg_ _ and rab_ . Today we see this in the Easter

traditions of decor j__¿eggs, and children’s belief in the Easter Bum £ - a rabbit that brings

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY bask_ _ £ of eggs and sweets to children on Easter Sunday. Traditi__> children get

,

dressed up in their Sunday best, take their Easter baskets, and go out to a park or field for an

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Easter egg hui They sea___for eggs the Easter Bunny has left for them.

Easter din___features roast la_ _ with mint sauce and vegetables, not ha_ and eggs. Hungarian

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY cust_ 1 _ of drinking brandy, eating honey pastries, spring _ _ girls with water,and reciting

poems are not a part of the Anglo-American tradition.

/ Behind old traditions are often even older customs, whose meanings sometimes are clouded by the passage of centuries. According to the article, what are the two competing theories about the origins of the Carnival Sunday Procession?__________________________________

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Fertility 7 estival

IN HUNGARY the most famous Carnival custom is the Busó Procession of Croatian people, called Sokac, who settled in Mohács.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY According to tradition, this custom, which originated in the Balkan peninsula, commemorates the expulsion of the Turks from Mohács by the Sokacs, who were wearing frightening masks.

However, the tradition has no historical foundation, as there were no southern Slavs in the town at the time the Turks were driven out in 1687.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY The Busó Procession originally took place on Shrove Tuesday, but now it happens on February 14 in Mohács. It is a pagan fertility rite to celebrate the end of winter and the arrival of spring.

Early in the morning, men wearing masks and dressed in fur-coats and white linen trousers cushioned with straw, walk around the streets of Mohács with the intent to shock.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Busó men tease women and girls on the streets. It is forbidden for everyday people to touch a Busó, although it does bring luck.

Some of the Busós arrive on carts, others on wheels, symbolizing the passing of time.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Busó men take girls and young women to the main square, called Kóló, to dance around a bonfire in a bizarre fertility rite. The music of the Sokac people is characteristic of South-Slavic melodies, called Kóló.

At first women and men dance in separate circles, until a Busó arrives with two puppets of a man and a woman. When the puppets start to dance it is a sign for the dancers to find a partner from the other group and continue dancing.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY During the carnival people have fun, drink and eat all day. It is also required to make a coffin in which winter is “buried”.

from The Budapest Sun, Issue 5,1999 -

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY ! Try to explain the purpose or symbolism of the following:

•

The frightening human/animal masks

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY •

Busó men teasing women and girls

•

Touching a Busó is taboo but lucky

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY •

The collective dance around a fire

Men and women dancing separately until the Busó gives the signal for pairing into couples •

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY

/ What do you know about the origins and traditions of Valentine’s Day? Read this article to find out more. arrow By Robin Marshall Shoot that poiso n

UNTIL a handful of years ago, Valentine’s Day and its traditions were unknown in Hungary. Like St. Nicholas, St. Valentine is part history,

part myth. The day itself, of course, is now largely commercial, with florists, card producers, confectioners and lingerie manufacturers all jumping on

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY the romantic band wagon.

It is believed that Valentine lived in the late 3rd century A.D., but it is unclear if he was a Roman priest or a bishop of Temi. He may actually be an amalgam of both. Either way, he was martyred on the order of the Roman Emperor Claudius II.

Claudius, experiencing problems recruiting soldiers for the Imperial Legions, had decided that banning weddings would be a good way to get men to join up. If you weren’t married, you wouldn’t worry about leaving a wife behind.

Valentine, however, thought marriage a good, Christian thing, and carried on joining couples together in secret.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY According to one version of the legend, once caught and thrown into jail, he started sending notes to his love, thus creating the first

After Valentine’s martyrdom and canonization, the early Church needed a feast day to celebrate the saint. It decided to appropriate a pagan Roman holiday on February 15, close to the same day Valentine died. On this day the pagans paid tribute to Juno, goddess of marriage. They would randomly select girls’ names and pair them together with young men.

Valentine’s Day cards, and starting a multimillion dollar industry.

This feast was moved to the 14th and renamed St. Valentine’s Day, and instead of girls' names, those of saints

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY were drawn, and children were expected to take inspiration from their chosen saint for the coming year. That proved to be too boring, and eventually the idea of pairing off young couples returned. While that still may be the modem aim, it has actually become more difficult. You select the person of your .

1.

dreams, and send them a card declaring your eternal love and hopes of getting it together. But somewhat perversely, you are not allowed to sign it. The potential life-time partner is supposed to work out who you are and make the next move. Very clever, that

According to the article, how did St. Valentine become associated with

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY the idea of lovers joining together?

2. What is one legend on the origin of Valentine’s cards? Can you think of any other Christian holidays that have pagan elements

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F ?Match these brief descriptions of holidays to their names. [Ott

Christmas, Easter, Halloween, May Day, Mardi Gras, Columbus Day, Guy Fawkes’ Day, Independence Day, April Fool’s Day, Midsummer’s Day, Thanksgiving, Presidents’ Day, Valentine’s Day, St. Patrick’s Day.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F a)

b)

Children dye and decorate eggs, and go on a hunt to find the eggs that a bunny has hidden for them.

Children make a man’s figure out of old clothes and straw, collect money for it, and finally bum it on a bonfire.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F c)

You’d better wear green and shamrocks (4-leaf clovers) on this day or someone might pinch you!

d)

The traditional meal is a big turkey, stuffing, cranberry sauce, mashed potatoes, vegetables, salads and pumpkin pie.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F One of them is nicknamed “the father of his country”, the other preserved the Union. e)

f)

People play silly practical jokes on one another, but it’s all in fun.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F g)

h)

Send your beloved some chocolates, flowers and a card with a heart on it, but don’t sign the card if it’s a secret love!

1492 is the year this man made a historic voyage.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F i)

It’s a huge street festival in New Orleans, when everyone wears elaborate costumes, and, of course, there’s plenty of jazz.

j) Typical party activities include carving jack-o-lantems and telling ghost stories.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F k) On this shortest night of the year, modern Druid priests meet at Stonehenge to celebrate an

ancient custom marking the onset of autumn and winter.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F I) In the Middle Ages young girls went to the fields on this day to wash their faces in dew so

that they would be beautiful. Nowadays people celebrate by dancing around the maypole. m) “Jingle Bells”, “Joy to the World”, and “The First Noel” are songs sung for this holiday.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F n) Big parades, lots of fireworks, outdoor concerts and barbecues with hotdogs and

hamburgers are the traditions of this summer holiday. With your partner make up short descriptions of Hungarian holidays similar to the ones above, and quiz another group. 1.

Design a symbol for each British and American holiday (for example, a turkey for Thanksgiving), and then put them on a calendar to indicate what days the holidays fall on. 2.

Think of as many holidays as you can and list them under these headings: religious, national/historical, seasonal, other. Compare your list to your partner’s list, and defend your choices. 3.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

1.

Which is your favourite holiday?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 2.

How do you usually celebrate it?

3.

How do you prepare in advance for that celebration?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 4.

What are the basic differences between celebrating Christmas in Britain and Hungary?

5.

Do you agree that every society needs celebrations in order to feel unity and to have fun?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 6.

Hungarian national holidays are celebrated precisely on the day of the event (historical, religious) that they commemorate. If they are on a weekend, there is no day off from school or work. In Britan and America, some holidays are celebrated not on the real holiday, but on a Monday. This gives a “long weekend”. Do you like this idea, or do you prefer celebrating the holiday on the correct day?

7.

What’s a Valentine’s Day card? What does it look like? Who do you give it to?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 8.

Why is March 15th an important day for Hungarians?

9.

What are the differences between the traditions of May Day in Britain and Majális in Hungary?

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F 10. How

do Hungarian customs observed on October 31st or November Is1 differ from Halloween?

11. Compare

and contrast October 23rd and March 15th in Hungary with July 4th in the United /

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Talk about the traditions of Easter in Hungary. What are the old pagan aspects and the newer Christian aspects of this spring holiday? What do they have in common?

States.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F

Unitl the 19th century products were made by hand, farms were small and family-owned, and most power came from animals. The Industrial Revolution changed all that. Factories began to mass-produce items, which made them cheaper and more plentiful. The new machines used stecim, and eventually petrol. The industries needed many workers, so thousands of people moved to the cities to work, which led to urban development. The industrialized countries needed raw materials and new markets where they could sell their products, so they began to build empires through colonialism.

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F Globalization has resulted in the loss of the individual identity of nations and their culture. Fewer and fewer different languages are spoken in the world. Distant cultures have become more uniform and similar to each other, sharing a used common language (like English). Telecommunications and computer technology have led to an even bigger “global village". Some people are angry about their cultures, economies and way of life being dominated by a few superpowers and have decided to fight back. The resulting revolutions, wars and global terrorism use the technological tools of globalization.

Massive industrialization has caused the great destruction of the environment. Factories and the millions of people living in the large cities pollute the air, water and land around them. Deforestation, including the rain forests, destroys the trees that produce the oxygen we breathe, and produces more carbon dioxide, leading to global warming through the green-house effect. Many conservation and environmental groups are working to turn these negative trends around. Their main goals are protecting biological diversity, including

I V. D O I T Y O U R S E L F endangered species, in wildlife reserves and national parks, as well as stopping industrial pollution and the destruction of natural habitats.

/

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Think about ways in which yon, too, can do your part to make our world a better, cleaner, healthier place to live.Put each of the words or phrases into its correct place.

The greenhouse effect

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY a)

0-*

greenhouse, temperatures, atmosphere, deserts, rise, heat, climate, catastrophe, get out, ice caps, sea coasts, sunlight, global warming, sea levels, trapped, increasing, carbon dioxide

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Some of the (a)

' ■ fromthe (b)

... ,

thatwarms the Earth’s (c) _____

goes back into space. But more and more of that heat is being (d) ______ by the

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY atmosphere. Why? Because the atmosphere contains much more (e) _______________________________________________________(CO,) than it

did a hundred years ago. Carbon dioxide acts like the glass in a (f) heat comes in,

_i

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY but the glass doesn’t let the heat (g)...........................................................j n This trapped heat is leading to (h)....................................................................

and a world (i) : ■

change.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY If the Earth’s (j)_______go up significantly, the polar (k)______will melt, and (1)

________gradually will (m) under

:

Cities on the in) _______then

will

be

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY water and coastal areas will be cloudier and wetter, while large inland areas will become drier and (o) ) -v 1 will get bigger. More deserts mean less area for growing food, though the world’s population is (p) and needs more food. We’re talking about a global (q) b)

0-w

CFCs, rain forest, hole, fast-food, fossil fuels, skin cancer, greenhouse effect, radiation, cattle, deforestation, ozone layer, oxygen, plastic, cut down

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY What is causing the increase in carbon dioxide that is responsible for the (a) ____________________________________________________________‘_f

Burning (b)________(coal, oil, gas, gasoline/petrol) and wood for energy causes it. Trees

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY produce the (c)_________we need by using carbon dioxide, but there are fewer trees and

forests because of (d)_______, so there is more CO, and less oxygen. Large areas of (e)

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY ' ___in the tropics are being (f) ' •1 • make

andburnedfor agriculture

and

to

areas for (g) • ■ 1 to graze. What are the cattle used for? In some cases, to make beef for

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY the (h) ______L_ hamburger business !

To make matters worse, we have created a (i) protects

in the (j)________~

which

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY us from harmful ultraviolet (UV) (k) caused by too many (1)

.

1

. The

hole

___(chlorofluorocarbons), which are used in aerosols, (m)____ production

has

been

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY and refrigerators. Too much UV radiation causes (n) _J

missing letters. 0-»

and other problems.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Nuc_ _ _-_i energy, first used as a horribly destr-

j w e a p o n of war, began

to be used as

a power souj/_ir in the 1950s. Nuclear reac_ amounts of heat by fissioning

produce

huge

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY uranium 235. Fissioning only 1 pound of U235 prod ;

as much he_ _ as

burning 1500 tons

of co_ so it is a very efficient, cost-effe__ and powerful energy source. Also, reactors

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY don’t poF the air with sm J i as burning coal does. However, nuclear power has many

dan____. Where can the radioactive \va be disp_____of safely? There is always the

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY risk of radi_ _ _ _ poisoning to workers at the reactor, and radiation leil _ are dangerous to whole populations. Even worse is the danger of a nuclear melt__i.i _ and disaster, which

happened at Three Mile Isl_ _ 1 in the U.S.A. in 1979 and at Chernobyl in the Soviet!__________________________________________________________

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY in 1986. Nuclear reactors raise the temperature of the r i v f r _C I hat they use to co^ _ the reactor. This is harmful to the wild

in and around the rivers.

Gre_ _ groups are in favor of alter__1 energy sources. In some areas wil _ power can

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY be used to produce electricity. We already have the technology to use so_ _ power as a safe alternative to nuclear power and burning coal and petrol/gaso _____________________________________________. 2.

Match the words or phrases to their explanations (and consequences). fO

organic farming, acid rain, extinct, hazardous waste, soil, erosion, pesticide, environmentally-friendly, conservation, chemical fertilizers

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY A.

B.

Water that is polluted by gases from factories, cars and power stations; it is poisonous and kills trees and fish.

What plants grow in; earth.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY C.

The washing away of soil; as a result, plants cannot grow there.

Human-made plant food; it damages lakes and rivers by creating too much algae. D.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY Insect-killing chemicals which poison the land and can be harmful to birds and other animals.

E.

F.

Producing food naturally without chemical fertilizers and pesticides; it doesn’t pollute the water supply.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY G.

Protecting our environment and wild ecosystems.

H.

Very dangerous material that must be thrown away.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY I.

When a species has completely died out.

J. Not harmful to the environment.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY When terrorists attacked the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11,2001, the world saw that even the “untouchable” superpower is vulnerable. The U.S. response was a “war on terrorism”, which has caused more death, destruction and violence. Is that the real solution to the problem? Read what this author thinks are the connections between globalization, terrorism, business-driven politics and the destruction of the environment. The Events of 9-11: a View from the Margin By David W. Orr

In the immediate aftermath of the devastating terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, over 90% of the U.S. public favored some kind of military action against the attackers. There can be no question that those guilty of committing atrocities should be caught and punished. That is clear, but it is also clear that this is a good time to think about the political dissatisfaction that leads to

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY terrorism, the vulnerability of modern societies, global poverty, and the relationship between these things and a deteriorating global environment. Why do so many of the poor around the world hate Americans? Why is the United States so vulnerable? Most important, what can be done to break the cycle of violence and lay the foundation for global security in the largest sense?

First, it is clear that the acts of 9-11 were remarkably cost-effective. For perhaps no more than a few hundred thousand dollars, the terrorists used our equipment and facilities to kill several thousand civilians, cause hundreds of billions of dollars of damage, and get control of western media for months. The next wave of terrorism could involve suitcase nuclear weapons, chemical or biological materials or attacking communications networks, roads and industrial infrastructure.

I I . E X T E N D Y O U R V O C A B U L A RY High-technology weapons are useless against this kind of attack, and a violent reaction will only cause another violent reaction. In such situations there is no possible victory for either side, ever.

Any effective response to the events of 9-11 must begin with understanding that the global economy has become very divided and unequal, with a small number of very rich at the top and several billions - including some future terrorists - living in the desperation of extreme poverty. We know that the United States is the world’s largest seller of weapons and that Osama bin Laden and Saddam Hussein once got U.S. military support and training. For 50 years the United States has taken part in political manipulation, trained and given money to death squads and funded repressive dictatorships. Therefore it has added to a global pattern of violence.

Finally, global corporations - with help from some governments - have created a tightly integrated world in which ecological, economic, political, and technological effects of actions anywhere sooner or later touch everyone. It is a world vulnerable to disruption from a thousand sources, and it cannot be sustained politically or ecologically. This world order is neither free nor democratic; it is ruled by a group of distant and unaccountable corporations, global agencies like the World Trade Organization.Those of us in the conservation community can offer a coherent view of the world that can be the basis for more effective and humane world governance and smarter solutions to these problems. Climate change and glittering shopping malls, Calcuttan poverty and extreme wealth, destruction of biodiversity and economic growth, militarism and terorrism - all are products of a single system. Effective action requires solving a global pattern. All actions of governments, including those for economic development, affect natural systems.

The idea of security must be widened to include security for everyone

against hunger, pollution, poverty, environmental destruction, ignorance, and direct physical attacks. Solving the need for food, shelter and work and environmental preservation reduces the sources of conflict that lead to terrorism. adapted from an article in Conservation Biology, April 2002 -

Complete these sentences to create a summary of this article:

After the terroist attack in ______ on_____ done •

•

.wemustask:whatcan

be

The first step towards real world security would be • • • 1 Work with your partner. In three minutes how many types of industries/factories can you think of? What products do they make? What kind of pollution do they make? What other problems do they pose to the environment? •

Write some V conditional (if + tense) 'if chain’ sentences about consequences. Who can write the sentences? Who wrote the funniest? E. g., If we continue cutting down oxygen. If we have less oxygen,... 1.

Get creative! Draw a symbol for: • recycle; hazardous waste; acid product; global warming; solar pesticide; organic food; endangered factory; nuclear waste

present simple tense, future simple environmental problems and their longest chain? Who wrote the most The most frightening? the rain forests, we will have less

2.

•

rain; environmentally friendly power; wind power; polluted river; species; oil; coal; gasoline/petrol;

4 Get up out of your seat and find someone in the class:

1.

who drops litter on the ground____________

2.

who picks up litter when s/he sees it____________

3.

who is concerned about environmental issues__________

4.

whose favourite animal is an endangered species__________

5.

who wants to join a green group in the future__________

6.

whose parents work for a global corporation___________

7.

who knows which art galleries/exhibition spaces in Budapest are converted

factories 8.

who can name some famous buildings or monuments that have been dirtied

or damaged by •____________________________________________________ pollution 9.

from cars or acid rain

who knows what the puszta used to be before it became open plains and

why/how/when it •_______________________________changed 10. who

knows why mammoths and other very large animal species began to go

extinct about 11,

000 B.C._____________

11. who

is willing to help you make the world a cleaner, safer, healthier place to

live • promotes one common/universal language for communication in business, politics, travel (airlines), etc, • breaks down ancient traditions, customs and beliefs and substitutes mass culture (largely from the U.S.A.) • helps people to share new discoveries, information and ideas • brings advances in medicine and healthcare to less industrialized countries • puts strong pressure from outside governments and international companies on less • industrialized nations so that they have less independence • brings greater military security through international political-military alliances • makes more people angry at the global superpowers because of their political and cultural • influence/interference • introduces fast-food chains to less industrialized countries; this change gives people more free time because they can spend less time cooking • fast-food chains break down local eating customs and traditions • makes available high-tech developments in computers, telecommunications, agriculture, weapons, etc. • promotes global terrorism by supplying high-tech telecommunications networks, international bank accounts, etc. •

Can you think of any other arguments for and against globalization?

Now put them all into a logical order and write a for and against essay about globalization in • about 200 words. •

What does the slogan “Think globally. Act locally.” mean? What important global problems (e.g., starvation, racism, littering) could you try to work on locally ‘at home’? Discuss them and your suggested solutions with your class. 5.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

1.

What are the biggest dangers facing the environment today? What effects do they have? Can you see any of these effects here in Hungary?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 2.

Where are the Earth’s rain forests? Why are they important? Why must we protect them?

3.

What’s your opinion about the nuclear reactor at Paks? Would you ¡ike to live near it? Has anything ever gone wrong there? If something did go wrong, what could the consequences be for you and your environment?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 4.

Talk about some of the victories of the green movement. What animal species are being protected more than before? What controls have been put on environmental pollution? Is there a government agency in Hungary against ecological damage?

5.

Is globalization a good thing? Why, or why not? Can you think of things that have changed significantly in your lifetime because of shared high technology, the influence of foreign culture, politics and language?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 6.

What does the anti-globalization movement want to achieve? Does it have bad points as well as good points? Do you want to join it?

7.

What have been the most important positive results of industrialization? How has it changed the way people work, eat, spend their free time, etc.?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 8.

Have you ever gone swimming in the Danube or the Tisza? Would you? What do you know about how clean they are? How has the overall temperature of these rivers changed since industrialization? Have any species that used to live there disappeared? Would you like to eat fish caught in the Danube? The ancient Romans surely used to drink the water from the Danube. Would you?

9.

What’s important about the ozone layer? What can be done to protect it?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 10. Can

we recycle trash in Hungary? What can be recycled? Do you think we should have more recycling possibilities? What changes would you make?

11. The

rivers flood much more frequently and severely than they used to. Why? What is the connection between deforestation, erosion, and flooding?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R • For nearly 2,000 years, books were the most important way of storing written information. The great revolution in book production came in 1455 when Gutenberg invented the printing press. which made the mass production of books possible. • Since Gutenberg, surely the most important invention of information technology ( I T ) has been the computer. From its first form, beginning in 1939, the computer has developed radically, becoming more powerful, faster, smaller and cheaper. Nowadays computers are the backbone of international economy, business, space exploration, telecommunications networks, the most modern cars ... you name it. computers control it. • The other great development in the transfer of information has been telecommunications. The telegraph and the Morse code made long distance communication of vital information possible in the 19lh century. Bell’s telephone allowed people to speak to each other over long distances, and those distances were increased by cables across oceans and now by satellites. Like computers, phones have become smaller, lighter and portable, and nowadays many people have mobile phones, called cell phones in America. • Computers and telecommunications have been combined to serve the need for rapid transfer of information. The Internet allows computers all over the world to communicate with each other via telephone lines. People who want their information to be available to everyone in the world establish websites on the World Wide Web (WWW), usually just called the Web. • Business also depends on information technology. Some companies do their business only online, and this is called e-commerce (electronic commerce). • But, as the saying goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”, so computers and the Internet are also used for free-time activities. People use the Net for chatting and for writing e-mail (electronic mail), and lots of young people also use these invaluable machines to play computer games. •

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

Do you think books can be replaced by computers? What role can books still play in the computer age?Put the following words or phrases into the passage below. Ot • server, access, floppy disc, hard drive, download, surf the Net, home page, input/enter, save, programs, network, website, instructions, keywords, CD-ROM, graphics, online, subject, search engine, data •

/

•

•_____________________________________________Computers

store information by using (a)_____________________________, which are sets of (b)______ in the

1032

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

•_______________________machine’s

(c) , the main memory. The information can

be numbers, words, or (d)

•________________________________________________(images),

information is called (e)___________________________. _________the

1033

You

and

this (f)

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

•_______________________data,

and then you (g)_________________ ___________________them on the hard drive, a (h)____________(diskette), a zip

•_______________________disc,

or on a (i) information, for example a whole book.

1034

if you have quite a lot of

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

•............................................................................................... The

Internet links computers into an international (j)................................................. that covers the whole world.

•____________________________People

who want to make information about themselves or their companies available to everyone create a (k) .

1035

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

•____________________________If

you want to (1)

the Net, first you need a

service provider, called a (m)

•___________________________. You

enter the address of the (o)

1036

go (n) (get connected to the Net) and

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

•_______________________________________________________________

you want. If you don’t know a website address, you can use a (p)_________to

•_____________(q)_______________________________________(search

information) by entering the (r)___________________________you’re interested

1037

for the

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

•____________________in,

using (s) , the basic words of the subject. The screen will show the website pages

•__________where

you’ll find the information. When you find what you’re looking for, you can (t) the information.

1038

II. EXTEND YOUR VOCABULARY

1. •

Computer screen vocabulary Match the icons below to the following words. 0-»

new, bullets, open, bold, spell/grammar check, paste, print, underline, save, redo, copy, print preview, italics, cut, undo •

1039

111. READ FOR INFORMATION •

/

•

Many people think that the the good. Read this article and side of databases, the Internet, think that information technology useful? Have we created a sort of •

•

development of high tech is all for discuss with your class the darker websites and cell phones. Do you might be as dangerous as it is Frankenstein’s monster?

No escape from the spies that watch you 24 hours a day • By Robert Uhlig, Technology' Correspondent

111. READ FOR INFORMATION EVERY minute of every day. somebody, somewhere, is quietly watching us. While we sleep, work and play, thousands of electronic databases are silently comparing notes on our habits, actions and movements, hoping to discover a little bit more about what makes each of us unique. We already live in a database nation where vast electronic repositories called data warehouses are sifted around the clock in a process called data mining. The aim is to find tell-tale coincidences of commercial or security value to companies, our employers and government. •

• Every time that we use a credit card, surf the Internet or step out of the house into the view of one of more than 500,000 closed-circuit television cameras, we leave a trail of data that is as personal as our fingerprints. By piecing together these disparate credit card records, phone bills, medical records and employment details, companies can work out exactly who we are, what we do and with whom we do it.

111. READ FOR INFORMATION • Studies have shown that even with our names and addresses stripped out of data, companies can match the buying habits to the person with 96 per cent accuracy.

• Identity theft, involving the misuse of information, is America’s fastest growing crime, increasing at a rate of 3,000 per cent a year. Since the beginning of this year, it has become endemic in Britain.

111. READ FOR INFORMATION • Even without leaving home, we compromise our privacy. Big Brother is alive and living on the Internet. Websites frequently deposit tiny software bugs on our computers to track what we look at on the Internet, information which is sold to help potential advertisers target their marketing. Most employers keep a record of every e-mail we send and receive.

Telephone companies keep detailed records of our communications, and governments have the right to see these records. Systems in America scan every e-mail, mobile and international phone call, looking for keywords of interest. •

111. READ FOR INFORMATION • Since October, every mobile phone sold in America has included a location system, ostensibly to help emergency services to track down callers seeking help.

from The Daily Telegraph, July 4, 2002 -

•

/ Read this weekly column, called NET@WORK, by John Hayes, and fill in as much information as you can in the chart. •

111. READ FOR INFORMATION A RECENT European Commission survey has shown that although Hungary is still trailing behind EU member states in terms of IT infrastructure, it is by no means alone amongst its fellow candidate countries. •

• On average across the region of expansion, there are only seven personal computers per 100 people. Compare this to 31 machines for every 100 citizens in the EU and 65 in North America, and it is clear that both the EU and the candidate countries have a lot of work to do to ensure that the digital divide does not split a unified Europe into two camps - those who are able to explore and exploit a digital future and those who cannot.

111. READ FOR INFORMATION • Poland in particular is a good example of an under-performer (especially considering it is amongst the front-runners in terms of accession ) with only 8.5 PCs per 100 people and a 26'Tc mobile telephone penetration rate.

• Further east and in the Balkans, despite considerable investment, the cost of technology still remains too high for it to be within reach of the average person.

111. READ FOR INFORMATION • There are, however, signs of positive growth. Slovenia, Malta and Cyprus have almost equaled EU averages for PC ownership, whilst mobile telephone penetration in Slovenia is actually higher than the EU average, with Hungary and the Czech Republic not too far behind.

• Simply using a mobile phone is hardly a giant leap into cyberspace, with most users going no further than standard voice and text-based services, but it is, nonetheless, a step forward. Yet there is no room for complacency.

111. READ FOR INFORMATION •

EU membership is not just about building roads in the physical sense.

• More effort must be made on both sides to build digital highways between current and future members if Europe is to become one.

111. READ FOR INFORMATION from the Budapest Sun, June 13-19,2002 -

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

111. READ FOR INFORMATION

1.

E-mail and Internet addresses

111. READ FOR INFORMATION An e-mail address tells you something about its user. First comes the user’s identifying name, usually the name or nickname, e.g., “tgbenner”. Then follows which we read as “at”. Next is the name of the server, e.g., “aol” (America Online) or “sulinet”. The period is read “dot”. This is followed by an abbreviation for the type of server, e.g., “com”. So, we would read “[email protected]”as “T G Benner at A 0 L dot com”. •

An Internet address begins with WWW (that’s “double u double u double u”, not “ve ve ve”!) Next say “dot”. The name or abbreviated name of the organization comes next, e.g., “budapestsun” or “nwf ’ (National Wildiife Foundation). Again say “dot”, and then comes the type of organization or the country where the organization is located. •

A.

• Or Match these abbreviations to their meanings.

111. READ FOR INFORMATION •

ie com be fr gov uk hu org edu net de

•

•

• B.

Take turns with your partner reading these addresses to each other.

[email protected] [email protected] •

w w w. c m c -

111. READ FOR INFORMATION • w w w. n w f . o r g k o n yv t a r @ k k g . s u i i n e t . h u [email protected] w w w. h o t m a i l . c o m w w w. h a r t f o r d york.com

•

Role play a conversation between you and your grandmother.

•

Student A

You need a new ... (you decide!), but you don’t want to go to the shopping centre right now. Ask your grandmother to look for this object at the different stores. Lend her your cell phone and ask her to call you to let you know what is available and at what price so that you can decide and she can buy •

111. READ FOR INFORMATION it for you. Explain to her exactly how to use your ceil phone. Be patient! She can’t understand all that newfangled technology!

•_______________________________\

______________________________ J • Student B

You’re the grandmother. You’re going shopping, and you agree to look for something for your grandchild at different stores at the shopping centre. You don’t own and don’t know how to use a mobile phone. You hate modern technology and don’t easily understand how to •

•

use it. •

111. READ FOR INFORMATION Write a list of what you used the computer for in the last week, e.g., e-mail, surfing the Net for information. Compare your list to your partner’s. What do the lists have in common? What are the differences? Could you use the computer for more things than you do now? 2.

• •

• •

• •

k.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R •

Write an e-mail letter to a foreign friend about something funny or terrible that happened to you recently when you were writing an e-mail letter to another friend, e.g., the letter disappeared into cyberspace! Try to use some slang and the computer vocabulary you’ve learned. Write about 100 words.Mobile phones aren’t really important tools for teenagers; they are just expensive“toys” that teenagers use for fun and nothing more. Discuss.

1.

Do computers actually make life simpler? How, or how do they not?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 2.

Internet chat rooms lead people to become bad writers. When people chat online, they don’t correct spelling mistakes, don’t care about grammar, write incomplete sentences, write meaningless chatter ... all of which makes our language skills get worse. Discuss.

3.

What do you think about e-mail? Is it better than regular “snail mail"? Why, or why not? Compare the speed of writing, speed of sendling and receiving, cost. etc. Do you use e- mail? For what purposes?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 4.

Do you use the Web? What for? Shopping? Research? Reading news? Downloading or listening to music? Something else? If you don’t use it now, how do you think using the Web could best benefit you?

5.

What are the advantages of e-commerce for consumers? Are there any disadvantages? What are they?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 6.

How has the development of information technology - from the first writing to the latest computer networks - shaped human history?

7.

What is a “hacker”? What is illegal and/or immoral about hacking? How can it be dangerous, e.g., for national security, bank information, and money transactions?

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 8.

Some people - mostly young people - get “addicted” to computers. They’re called computer “geeks or nerds”. They live in the virtual world of computer games, chat rooms, the Internet, etc. instead of living in the world of real human experience and interaction. What’s your opinion about this? What do you think about the clinics that try to help “Internet addicts” with their psychological addiction?

9.

What’s a computer virus? Where do these viruses come from? Why are they created? What do you think about these viruses and the people who create them? If we could catch them, what should we do to them? • KEY TO THE EXERCISES

1. •

FAMILY II/3.

V. T H I N K I T O V E R a. with, b. in, c. with, d. on, e. to, f. from, g. on, h, from, i. by, j. on II/4. a • a. brothers and sisters, b. toys, c. neighbourhood, d. pretend, e. grown-ups. f. care-free, g. relationships, h. adolescents, i. gang, j. circle of friends, k. parents. 1. “growing pains”, m. emotionally, n. rebellion, • o. authority, p. independence, q. confusion, r. adult II/4. b • a. propose, b. engaged, c. consent, d. civil, e. wedding, f. bride, g. bridegroom, h. reception, i. toast, j. honeymoon •

YOU AND YOUR FRIENDS 11/3. a. aggressive, b. indifferent, c. domineering, d. down-to-earth, e. bold, courageous, f. insecure 2. • •

V. T H I N K I T O V E R SCHOO L 11/1. • a. nursery school, b. primary, c. school, d. terms, e. break up, f. secondary, g. co-educational, h. compulsory, i. state,], private, k. graduate, 1. degree, m. tutorial, n. seminar, o. lecture, p. grant, q. fees 11/2. • a. to, b. in, c. at, d. X, e. on, f. X. g. with, h. X, i. through IV/1. • a. Music, b. English (sent to meet her), c. English, d. Geography (grease), e. Mathematics, f. Mathematics, g. Physics, h. Physics, i. History (arm -» armee, sleeve -* sleevee) j. History 3.

HOUSING 1/1. • top row, left to right: block of flats, detached house, apartment house bottom row:

4. •

V. T H I N K I T O V E R terraced house, row of houses, semi-detached house II/1. • upstairs, downstairs, chimney, cellar, gutter, dining room, attic, sitting room, letter box, skylight, central heating, hall, double glazing, landing, French windows, porch

5. •

HOUSEWORK AND MENDING II/3. 1-e, 2-g, 3-d, 4-f, 5-a, 6-h, 7-b, 8-c, 9-i

V. T H I N K I T O V E R MEALS n/j. • a. entertaining, b. cutlery, c. napkin, d. starter, e. main course, f. vegetarian, g. diet, h. side dish, i. dessert, j. washing up, k. sink, 1. crockery1-b, 2-c, 3-f, 4-g, 5-j, 6-d, 7-i, 8-h, 9-e, 10-a II/4. 1. cake, jam 2. grapes, sherry, lemon juice, bananas, peaches 3. flour, milk, milk, vanilla, eggs, sugar 4. cre am IV/2. • 1 -b, 2-d, 3-g, 4-e, 5-f. 6-c, 7-a IV/3. • 1-e, 2-c, 3-d, 4-b, 5-f, 6-g, 7-a 6.

•

7.

WEEKENDS AND DAILY ROUTINE

V. T H I N K I T O V E R II/l. 1. up, 2. out, 3. up, 4. X, 5. to/into, 6. X., 7. on, 8. for, 9. X, 10. to, by, on, 11. at, 12. at, 13. in, 14. X, 15. to, 16. with, 17. up, 18. X, 19. out, 20. with, 21. on, at/on, 22. off, 23. to, before /at/around/after, 24. to • •

SPORTS top row, left to right: skiing, horseback riding, roller-skating, cycling • middle row: skating, javelin throwing, boxing, sailing • bottom row: weight lifting, swimming, mountain climbing, running/jogging • II/2. • a. pitches, b. courts, c. pools, d. rings, e. rink, f. stadium, g. spectators, h. track events, i. field events, • j. athletes, k. officials, 1. scoreboard 8. •

V. T H I N K I T O V E R 11/3. a. team, b. players, c. amateurs, d. train, e. gymnasium, f. match, g. track suits, h. referee, i. captains. • i. toss a coin, k. crowd, 1. draw • II/4. 1. over, 2. through, 3. into, 4. over, over, 5. with, into, 6. in, 7. on, 8. in/with, 9. up, 10. up II/5. • field/(pitch): football, athletics, American football, (baseball), rugby court: basketball, handball, table tennis, tennis, volleyball • course: golf • rink: ice hockey, skating track: racing, athletics diamond: baseball pool: swimming, water polo • gymnasium: gymnastics, wrestling, weight lifting, judo, karate, fencing ski slope: skiing • other: sailing, rowing, skin diving, mountain climbing, shooting, cycling II/6. • A partial list: white water rafting, sky diving, sky boarding, rappelling, rock climbing, mountain climbing. • BMX biking • •

V. T H I N K I T O V E R • •

1II/2. 1-b, 2-f, 3-g, 4-d, 5-a, 6-c, 7-e IV/1.

•

a. cricket, b. basketball, c. football, d. rugby, e. hocke

•

yREADING E/1. a. bookworm, b. browse, c. illustrations, d, glossary, e. footnotes, f. bibliography, g. borrow, h, fine. i. review, j. published •

IE/1. 1. Tales of Mystery and Imagination, 2. The Secret Garden, 3. Frankenstein, 4. Dr. Jekyll and Mr Hyde, 5. Gulliver’s Travels, 6. Oliver Twist, 7. Love Story • IV/5. • 1. romance, 2. biography, 3. dictionary, 4. detective novel. 5. guidebook • •

RADIO AND TV E/I. • a. switch on, b. channels/stations, c. cable TV, d. broadcast, e. satellite, f. antenna, g. stations/channels, h. couch potatoes, i. remote control, j. channel surf, k. quiz shows, J. soap operas, m. glamorous, n. screen, • o. neutral, p. subjective, q. commercials II/2. • stations, audience, citizens, adults, teenagers, programmes, feature, classical, light, disco, hits. 70s, commercial, advertisements, news, quiz, interviews, commentaries, prize, plays, DJs, spin, hosts, newsreaders, technical IV/1. H, 2-f, 3-d, 4-h, 5-1, 6-c, 7-b, 8-k, 9-e, 10-g, 11-j, 12-a 9.

THEATRE, CINEMA AND MUSIC II/3. • a. group, b. albums, c. number one. d. singles, e. top ten, f. craze, g. fans, h. vocalists, i. instrument, j. rhythm guitar, k. guitar. 1. lead. m. drums, n. piano, o. live. p. on tour, q. recording studio, r. lyrics, s. talented 10.

HEALTH II/l. 1-e, 2-b, 3-d, 4-k, 5-a, 6-f, 7h, 8-j, 9-g, 10-c, 11-i II/2. • Symptoms: nausea, sleeplessness, headache, stomachache, sore throat, cough, fever, runny nose, itchy eyes, sneezing, feeling run down, nervousness, shivering, dizziness, pain, backache Illnesses/Diseases/Maladies: (common) cold, allergy, insomnia, broken bone, heart attack, stroke, influenza/flu, virus/bug, bronchitis, measles, chicken pox, tonsillitis, infection, cancer, AIDS, STD, SARS, mental illness, epidemic • Medicines: aspirin, antibiotics, antihistamine, sleeping pill, pain killer, cough syrup, cold medicine, capsule, pill/tablet • Other: side effect, prescription, to operate on, band-aid/plaster, cut, scrape, bruise, scab, check-up, to • recover, to get well, cast/plaster, bandage, sling • II/3. • a-7. b-3. c-6. d4. e 1. f-2. g-5 II/4. • skin - spots - measles, head - bad headache - migraine, throat - sore throat - tonsillitis, chest - bad cough - bronchitis, stomach - stomach pains indigestion, all over - running nose - (common) cold, abdomen - feeling sick - appendicitis 13. • •

14.

SHOPPING

II/2. a. off-the-peg, b. label, c. tag, d. fit, e. try on, f. assistant, g. cashier, h. cash desk, i. till, j. receipt, k. exchange, 1. refund, m. bargain, n. sales, o. mail order 11/4. • The choice is often somewhat subjective, but here are some possibilities: • Very large: furniture store, (shopping) mall, shopping centre, department store, hypermarket, megastore, car dealership • Large-Medium: book shop, paint shop, supermarket, sporting goods store, hardware store, electronics shop, (open air; market, CD shop, discount store • Small: health food shop, shoe store, camera shop, cosmetics shop, convenience store, boutique, lingerie shop, music shop, leather goods shop, second hand shop, toy store, hat shop •

•

TRAFFIC IN TOWNS II/l. • a. cab, b. hail, c. taxi-rank, d. fare, e. meter, f. tip, g. double-decker, h. single decker, i. crew', j. driver, k. conductor. 1. conductress, m. inspector, n. check, o. bus stop, p. destination, q. rush hour, r. tube, s subway, t. metro, u. platform, v. escalator, w. lift, x. sliding doors 11/2. • 1. ignition key, 2. clutch, brake, accelerator, 3. change gear. 4. handbrake. 5. overtake. 6. driving licence. 6. traffic jam, rush hours, 8. cat's eyes, 9. lanes, hard shoulders, 10. lay-by, 11. dual camageway 15.

TRAVEL LING II/l. • plane, book a seat, make a reservation, travel agent, airline, departure date, flight, airport, departure time, line/cue, check-in. passport, assign you a seat, luggage, destination, boarding pass, passport control, security' check, terrorism, departure gate, departure lounge, board, safety procedures, fasten your seatbelt, take off, flight attendants, captain, direct, transfer/change planes, lands, pick up. baggage claim, arrivals terminal 16.

ACCOMMODATION AND HOLIDAYS II/l. a. leisure, b. travel agents, c. cut-price tickets, d. off the beaten track, e. hitch-hiking, f. youth hostels. g. package holiday, h. resort, i. peak, j. off-peak • II/4. Here’s some of the equipment that would be necessary and useful. • Mountain climbing: special boots, warm clothes, pick, ropes, helmet, tent, food, rucksack Skiing: skis, ski boots, warm clothes, ski poles, sunglasses • Birdwatching: binoculars, field guidebook to the birds, life list (to write down the types of birds you see) Camping: tent, backpack, cooking equipment (pots, pans, plates, cups, etc.), sleeping bag, camping tools, hiking boots, map, flashlight/torch • Cooking out: barbeque grill, charcoal, lighter fluid, cooking utensils (spatula, tongs, etc.). plates, hamburgers and buns, hotdogs and buns, steaks, sausages 17.

18. JOBS AND OCCUPATIONS II/l.

jeweller, 2. choreographer, 3. librarian, 4. surgeon, 5. model, 6. playwright, 7. author, 8. composer. 9. accountant, 10. undertaker, 11. painter, 12. acrobat, 13. astronomer, 14. editor, 15. psychologist. 1.

• astronaut, 17. hairdresserGREAT BRITAIN II. Scotland: 1 -d, 2-a, 3-c, 4-g, 5-f, 6-e, 7-b England: 1-i, 2-h, 3-f, 4-1, 5-g, 6-k, 7-a. 8-e. 9-m. 10-b, 11-j, 12-c, 13-n. 14-d III/2. • a. Celts, b. Romans, c. roads, d. Saxons, e. “Angleland”, f. Hastings, g. Magna Carta, h. Democracy, i. Renaissance, j. Parliament, k. India, 1. industry, m. Churchill, n. Union • IV/2. • Writers and Poets: Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Defoe, Swift, Blake, Burns, Wordsworth, Scott, Austen, Byron, Bronte sisters, Dickens, Stevenson, Wilde, Joyce, Shaw, Eliot, Lawrence, Orwell, Woolfe, Beckett, Pinter • Composers: Byrd, Purcell, Handel, Elgar, Britten, The Beatles • Artists: Hogarth, Gainsborough, Blake, Constable, Turner, Morris, Rosetti. Moore. Bacon • Scientists: Newton. Hailey, Hawking • IV/4. • 5,3,4,9, 6, 1,8, 2,7 IV/6. • 1-j, 2-i, 3-b, 4-f, 5-a, 6-e, 7-d, 8-g, 9-c, 10-h • • •

19. THE

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA II/2. • 1-f, 2-c, 3-g. 4-b, 5-h, 6-a, 7-e. 8-i. 9-d 11/3. 1. jumper, 2. trousers, 3. pants, 4. knickers, 5. golf trousers, 6. waistcoat. 7. \est. 8. tights. 9. braces. 10. dungarees, 11. anorak I V/l. • 1 - George Washington, 2 - Thomas Jefferson, 3 - Abraham Lincoln, 4 - Theodore Roosevelt. 5 -Woodrow Wilson , 6 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 7 - J. F. Kennedy, 8 - Ronald Reagan, 9 - George W. Bush IV/3. • 1-c, 2-f, 3-g, 4-a. 5e, 6-b, 7-h. 8-d IV/6. a. The colours came from the British Union Jack. Also, the red symbolized the blood that was shed • fighting for independence, the white symbolized purity, and the blue was the heavenly field on which • the stars were spangled. b. 13. Each star and stripe represented one of the original 13 British colonies which later became states. c. 50. Because there are 50 states. d. It still has 13 stripes to recall the original 13 colonies. e. “Old Glory”. f. Yes.

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20. HUNGARY

II/l. 1-f, 2-n, 3-q, 4-m, 5-d, 6-u, 7-o, 8-j, 9-t, 10-h, 11-b, 12-r, 13-i, 14-a, 151, 16-c, 17-s, 18-g, 19-k, 20-e, • 21 -p, 22-v • III/2. • Paragraph 1: Bugyi - Visegrád, Par 2:21st - 15th. Par. 3: Pop Renaissance, Par. 3: Ft 50,000 - Ft 1,000, Par. 4: Martian - Hungarian, Par. 5: 1980 - 2000, Par. 8: Disco - Palace • •

• IV/1. 1-j, 2-k, 3-e, 4-g, 54,6 c, 7-d, 8-a, 9-f, 10-h, 11-b IV/3. 1-e (Pécs). 2-d (Sopron), 3-b (Esztergom). 4-f (Kőszeg). 5-c (Szeged), 6-a (Szentendre), 7 (Eger), 8 (Székesfehérvár) •

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21. HOLIDAYS AND CELEBRATIONS II/l. a.Celebrated, b.dead, c.costumes, d.ghosts, e.witches, f.skeletons, g.’’Trick or treat!”, h.treat, i.trick, j.tradition, k.jack-o-lantern, l.pumpkin, m.candle, n.evil 11/2. • Easter, resurrection, Christ, dead. Catholics, mass, Sunday, goddess, festival, fertility, eggs, rabbits, • decorating, Bunny, baskets. Traditionally, hunt, search, dinner, lamb, ham. customs, sprinkling • IV/1. • a.Easter, b.Guy Fawkes’ Day, c.St. Patrick’s Day, d.Thanksgiving, e.Presidents’Day, f.April Fool’s Day, g. Valentine’s Day, h.Columbus Day, i.Mardi Gras, j.Halloween, k.Midsummer’s Day, l.May Day, m.Christmas, n.Independence Day •

22. THE WORLD WE LIVE IN ll/l.a a. heat, b. Sun, c. atmosphere, d. trapped, e. carbon dioxide, f. greenhouse, g. get out. h. global warming, climate, j. temperatures, k. ice caps, 1. sea levels, m. rise, n. sea coasts, o. deserts, p. increasing, q. catastrophe II/l.b. •

i.

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a. greenhouse effect, b. fossil fuels, c. oxygen, d. deforestation, e. rain forest, f. cut down g. cattle, h. fast-food, i. hole, j. ozone layer, k. radiation, 1. CFCs, m. plastic, n. skin cancer II/2. • Nuclear, destructive, source, reactors, produces, heat, coal, costeffective, pollute, smoke, waste, disposed, radiation, leaks, meltdown, Island. Union, rivers, cool, wildlife, Green, alternative, wind, solar, gasoline II/3. • A. acid rain, B. soil, C. erosion, D. chemical fertilizers, E. pesticide, F. organic fanning, G. conservation, H. hazardous waste, I. extinct, J. environmentally-friendly •

23. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY II/l. a. programs, b. instructions, c. hard drive, d. graphics, e. data, f. input, g. save, h. floppy disk, i. CD-ROM, j. network, k. home page, 1. access, m. server, n. online, o. website, p. search engine, q. surf the Net, r. subject, s. keywords, t. download II/2. • a. new, b. print preview, c. open, d. save, e. print, f. cut, g. paste, h. undo, i. redo, j. bullets, k. spell/grammar check, 1. bold, m. italics, n. underline, o. copy •

IV/1. A

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hu, 2. net, 3. gov, 4. org, 5. be. 6. edu, 7. de, 8. com, 9. fr, 10. ie, 11. uk TV/4. a. mouse, b. winchester, c. the Net, d. the Web, e. surf the Net. f. keyboard, g. icon. h. click, i. “snail mail”, j. server, k. menu • Az érettsegire és nyelvvizsgára felkészítő nagysikerű GCSE megújított, átdolgozott kiadasa I.

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• A nyelvi vizsgák leggyakoribb témakörei új, aktualis témákkal kiegészítve (globalizáció és környezetvédelem, információs forradalom) •

Országismereti tudnivalók Nagy-Britanniáról és az USA-ról

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Változatos szókincsbővítő gyakorlatok

• Mai, izgalmas témájú, autentikus újságcikkek az olvasási készség fejlesztéséhez

1080

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Felfrissített képanyag

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Képleírási feladatok az új érettségihez

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Szituációk, szerepjátékok páros és csoportos formában

• Összefoglaló kérdések és vázlatpontok az egyéni vélemény gördülékeny kifejtéséhez