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{jyD? 2008

13

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14

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16

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100 Greatest Of All Time

The Greatest

PC TECHNOLOGIES

OF ALL TIME

20

uGefysLwm*sme,f

100 pifawmfaumufenf;ynm -100 Greatest Of All Time

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100

M ICROSOFT S OLI TAIRE (1992)

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97

CONTROL-ALT-DELETE (1981)

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96 S

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99

APC UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (1984)

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98

COOLER MASTER ATC100 (2000)

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F RONT P ANEL C ON NECTIONS (2001)

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93

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> {jyD? 2008 21

100 Greatest Of All Time

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92

M OZILLA (2004)

F IREFOX

90

ZONE LABS ZONEALARM (2000)

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91

M ICROSOFT F LIGHT SIMULATOR (1982)

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88

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87

89

M-SYSTEMS DISKONKEY (2000)

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DSL (1998)

A3D (1996)

Surround sound xGef;ay:rI c&D; pOfrmS pyDumESpv f ;kH eJYom &Scd w hJ mvm;vdYk ar;jref;olawGtwGuf A3D tricks u tajzay;EdkifcJhw,f/ em;aomw tm½HkcH olawGtwGuf wu,fh yuwdtoHawG udk Mum;cGihf&oGm;apw,f/

86

A MERICA (1985)

O NLINE

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85

SATA (2003)

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22

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100 Greatest Of All Time

F LASH (1984)

M EMORY

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82

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84

I OMEGA Z IP D RIVE (1994)

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83

A PPLE P OWERBOOK 100 (1991)

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81

BITTORRENT (2001)

BitTorrent &JU jyif;xefwJh ½dkuf cwfrIawGudk 'DaeYtxd jrifawGUae&qJ jzpfw,f/ Net traffic tukefvHk;&JU 75 &mcdkifEIef;txd P2P protocol twGuf ay:jyLvmjzpfjyD; toHk;usoGm;vdrhfr,f vdkY cefYrSef; wGufcsufxm;Muw,f/

80

ATA (1986)

Western Digital u acwf O D ; umvrSm 'D ribbon-cable standard udk hard drive qufoG,fa&;twGuf

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79

HP L ASERJET III (1990)

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78

RED HAT LINUX (1995)

Commercial Linux aqmhz0 f aJ wG xJrSm a&S;OD;tusqHk;jzpfw,f/ Opensource ae&m us,fus,fjyefYjyefY&vm

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100 Greatest Of All Time

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77

C AMBRIDGE S OUND WORKS M ICROWORKS (1996)

Cambridge Soundworks qdw k m satellite/subwoofer concept twGuf wDxiG cf w hJ mjzpfw,f/ Divine 2.1 channel microworks rdwfqufrIeJYtwl

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76

TRS-80 COLOR COMPUTER (1980)

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75

OSBORNE 1 (1981)

WordStar udk business application awGeJY preload vkyfxm;jyD; ay:xGuv f mwJh CP/M machine wpfck jzpfw,f/ uGefysLwmorkdif;pOf Osborne &JU oGufvufcsufcsmpGm wuf

24

ovdk yxrqHk; personal computer vdkYvnf; ajymEdkifygw,f/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

72 vmcJhjyD; tragic yarns tjzpf tod trSwfjyKcJhMu&w,f/

74

EUDORA (1988)

Illinois wuúov kd u f ausmif;om; wpfOD;jzpfwJh Steve Dorner u Macintosh uGefysLwmawGtwGuf e-mail available taeeJY toHk;cszdkY a&;qGJay; cJhwJh y½dk*&rfjzpfw,f/ wpfenf;ajym &&if AOL toHk;rjyKwJholawGtwGuf tD;ar;vfvkyfief;udk toHk;csEdkifapcJhwm jzpfw,f/

73

MITS A LTAIR 8800 (1975)

MITS u

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MICROTEK MSF-300 Z (1989)

'DaeYacwf scanners awGu aps; EIef; csKdcsKdomomeJY &EdkifMuovdk toHk; jyK&wmvnf; vG,fulvSw,f/ 'pf*spf w,f "mwfyakH cwf ra&mufru D rl tvGef udk wefzdk;MuD;jyD; xkxnfMuD;rm;vSwJh monstrosities awGudk oHk;Mu&w,fqdk wm rSwfwdkifwpfckjzpfcJh&w,f/

71

H ITACHI 7K 1000 (2007)

3 'or 5 vufr t&G,ftpm; drive av;wpfck&JU 0ifqHhrIyrmPudk 1 Terabyte txd xm;&SdjyD; xkwfvkyfEdkif

100 Greatest Of All Time

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70

L IQUID (2000)

C OOLING

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69

INTEL 440BX (1998)

wwd,rsKd;qufopf Pentium II eJY Pentium III chipset awGu ESpf tawmfMum motherboard technology &JU txGwftxdyfwpfae&mudk rSwf rSwo f m;om; ud, k pf m;jyKoGm;apcJw h ,f/ Intel u xkwv f yk w f ahJ emufyikd ;f armf',f awGtwGuf 440 BX boards u pjyD; tajcjr§iafh y;cJw h mvdYk rSw, f x l m;Edik cf MhJ u w,f/

68

LOTUS 1-2-3 (1983)

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jyKMu&w,f/

uGefysLwm*sme,f

65

M ICROSOFT (1989)

W ORD

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64

DVD (1995)

0ifqHhrIyrmP 8.5 gigabytes avmuftxd &Sw d hJ discs rsKd;awGukd oH;k pGJ cGihf&vdkufMuwJhtjyif VHS tapes awG wpfyHkwpfyifeJY ajzazsmfa&;u@udk toH;k cs&wJh 0efus,f rIawGukd ajz&Si;f ay;cJh w,f/ DVD standard wpf c k w nf ; eJ Y OD;pGm ay:xGuv f mwJh yHkpHjzpfw,f/

26

67

3.5 INCH HARD DRIVE (1987)

Hard Drive awGudk 5 'or 25 vufrt&G,f formfactor eJY poHk;cJh&m

66

SOCKET 939 (2004)

AMD &J U 'k w d , rsKd ; quf o pf Athlon 64 socket u pGrf;aqmif&nf

udk tvG,fwul jr§ifhwifEdkifzdkY vkyfudkif pGrf; &Sdvmw,f/ Dual-channel 128bit interface twGuf toifjh zpfomG ;ap &wJt h jyif wefz;kd usoihrf u I vnf; ouf oufomom &SdoGm;ap&w,f/

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63

NVIDIA SLI (2004)

Computing Oya'awGt& graphics boards ESpfckudk yDpDwpfvHk;xJrSm xnfhoGif;&if; performance jr§ifhwifzdkY

100 Greatest Of All Time

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57

I NTEL P ENTIUM M (2003)

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62

I NTEL C ORE 2 D UO (2006)

Desktop awGrSmoHk;oHk;? mobile

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60

M CAFEE V IRUSSCAN (1989)

Windows pepfawGqdkwm 1990 jynfhESpfuwnf;u antivirus software rygbJ vnfywfapw,fqdkwm

rjzpf&atmif ay:xGufvm&wJh y½dk*&rf vdkY ñTef;qdkEdkifygw,f/

59

AGP (1997)

*&yfzpfvkyfief;pOfrSm ydkjyD; bandwidth aumif;apEdi k zf Ykd AGP Slot qdw k m udk Intel u a&S;OD;pGm enf;vrf; azmf xkwaf y;cJw h ,f/ csucf si;f qdo k vdk standard yHkpHjzpfoGm;apEdkifcJhw,f/

61

DIVX(2001)

Disposable DVD format r[kwf yg/ Div X u universal compressed

28

uGefysLwm*sme,f

58

PERPENDICULAR HARD D RIVE R ECORDING (2006)

rlvtpuajym&&if 1970 jynfEh pS f uwnf;u wDxGifEdkifcJhwmvdkY ajym&ay

100 Greatest Of All Time

56

W ESTERN D IGITAL R APTOR WD 360GD (2003)

taewpf&yftwGif; owif;tydkYt,l vkyEf ikd zf Ykd 0efaqmifraI y;cJw h m jzpfw,f/

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51

xdyfwef;a&G;cs,fp&m ypönf; jzpfvm& w,f/

55

A PPLE (1984)

M ACINTOSH

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53

WINDOWS 95 (1995)

yDpDavmutwGuf multitasking tppftrSef&&Sdapum vSywJh GUI udk toHk;cscGihfay;EdkifcJhw,f/ File names t&SnfoHk;EdkifjyD; TCP/ IP awG qihfwif ay;EdkifoGm;apw,f/ yDpDavmu zGHUjzdK; wdk;wufa&;twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpf tjzpf todtrSwfjyKMu&w,f/

52

D ELL U LTRASHARP 2405 FPW (2005)

Video inputs awGeJY unimpechable quality awG &&S d a pwJ h t jyif

54

AOL INSTANT MESSENGER (1997)

Instant messaging qdkwJh 0ef aqmifrIvkyfief;udk AOL u pwif taumiftxnfazmfay;cJhw,f/ Private online chat qdkwm yxrqHk; pcJh

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30

uGefysLwm*sme,f

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51

INTEL PENTIUM (1993)

Intel taeeJY eHygwfpOfawGwyfjyD;

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vdkY vnf; ajym& rSmjzpf w,f/ 64 bit computing

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50

UBUNTU (2004)

Linux c&D;pOft&SnfMuD; avQmuf

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100 Greatest Of All Time

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43 u yDpDxkwfvkyf&mrSm Windows &JU alternative taeeJY preinstall vkyfjyD; a&mif;csaejyDjzpfw,f/

49

MIRABILIS ICQ (1996)

Mirabilis u wDxi G x f w k v f yk cf w hJ hJ downloadable software processor wpfckjzpfw,f/ AOL u ydkifqdkifcJh w,f/ Instant messaging udk ICQ eJY

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Microsoft armufpfudk

46

ATI R ADEON 9700 (2002)

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47

STARCRAFT (1998)

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INTEL 430FX TRITON (1995)

Socket 7 taeeJY motherboard

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45 48

M ICROSOFT I NTELLI EXPLORER 3.0 (2003) MOUSE

3-5-I NCH (1983)

F LOPPY

5 'or 25 vufrt&G,f floppies tpm; t&nftaoG;omvGefjyD; trsm;qHk; standard taeeJY tcsdef tawmfMum &yfwnfEdkifcJhwJh portable storage ypönf;wpfrsKd; jzpfw,f/ uGef ysLwmwpfvHk;rS tjcm;wpfvHk;qDodkY data tul;tajymif;vkyf&mrSm toHk;cs EdkifcJhMuygw,f/

44

tjrJwap udkifwG,ftoHk;jyK&olawGtwGuf ouf aomifhoufom&Sd&SdeJY xdef;csKyf aqmif &Guf,lEdkifwJh IME 3.0 udk xkwv f yk af y; cJhw,f/ ñTef;qdkcsufeJYtnD toHk;0ifcJh wmrdkY optical sensor awGeJY vkyfwJh armufpfqdkwm standard jzpfoGm;ap cJhw,f/

NAPSTER (1999)

P2P toHk;csEdkifa&; twGuf 0ef aqmifraI wG ay;vmw,f/ iTune uae

42

386 E NHANCED M ODE (1992)

Multitasking &JU rlvtpydkif;rSm toH;k jyKMuwJh 80386-based PC awGukd Windows 3.1 eJY DOS apps awGMum; pDraH qmif&u G af y;zdYktwGuf ay:xGuv f m cJhwJh operational mode jzpfw,f/

41

WINDOWS 98 SECOND EDITION (1999)

qihfuJjzpfpOfwpfcktaeeJY Windows 95 tay: Windows 98 jzifh vTrf;rdk;u ydkjyD; jznfhqnf;rIay;EdkifcJhay r,fh odyfryDjyifcJhyg/ Windows 98 second edition wGir f o S m odoo d mom MuD; wd;k wuf aumif;rGew f ,fvYkd vufcH EdkifvmMuw,f/

> {jyD? 2008 31

100 Greatest Of All Time

awGudk pkpkpnf;pnf; o,f,loGm;EdkifwJh twGuf uGefysLwmordkif;pOfrSm rSwf ausmufwifp&m jzpfoGm;apcJhw,f/

35 40

COMMODORE 64 (1982)

wpfu, kd af &oH;k uGeyf sLwmavmu ppcsif; IBM wdkY IBM-compatibles wdkYeJY apple wdkYawG tm;vHk;u tjydKif tqdkif jzpfaecsdefrSm commodore 64 qdkwJh uGefysLwmtrsKd;tpm;u t&nf taoG; twlwl&jyD; aps;EIef; 595 a':vmavmuftxd avQmhcs a&mif;cscJh wmrdkY tdrfoHk; uGefysLwmorm;awG twGuf txifu&jzpfcJh&ygw,f/

39

EPSON MX-80 (1982)

awG u d k toHk;jyKwJhtcg ae&ma&TUajymif;wmwdkY? vnfywfwmawGaMumifh qlnHrIawG &Sd w,f/ 'gayr,fh wpfcsdefwpfcgu Epson MX-80 av;udk tjrwfwEdk; 0,f ,l toH;k jyKcJMh u&w,f/ tajrmuftjrm; yHkESdyfrItwGuf pdwfcs&ovdk aps;EIef;u vnf; oufoufomom&wmrdkY ay:jyL vmjzpfcJhygw,f/ dot-matrix printer

38

IBM T HINK P AD 700 (1992)

Portable computing qd k w m q,fpkESpfwpfckpma&mufwJhtxd trsm; olig jrwfE;kd ESpo f ufp&mtjzpf rwnf&dS EdkifcJhay/ vHkavmufwJh t&nftaoG; rjynfhrDMuwm&,f? xkxnf MuD;rm;ae wm&,faMumifh aps;uGuf roGufcJhay/ 'gayr,fh IBM Thinkpad 700 av;

32

uGefysLwm*sme,f

xGuv f mcsderf mS awmh laptop awG tay: oHk;pGJolawGu qGJaqmifrI tjrihfqHk; a&mufoGm;apcJhygw,f/

37

[d k ; tcsd e f u CPUs wd k i f ; u rm;om;bkwfeJY taowyfqifxm;jyD; om; taetxm;rsKd; jzpfw,f/ 1994 ckEpS rf mS awmh Socket 7 xGuaf y:vmcJjh yD; rm;om;bkwfay:rSm b,fvdk CPUs trsKd;tpm;udkjzpfjzpf wyfqif toHk;jyK EdkifcJhMu&w,f/ Intel yJ oHk;oHk;? AMD eJYyJ qifqif? Cyrix's chip udkyJ wyf wyf &EdkifoGm;awmhw,f/

APPLE II (1977)

wpfudk,fa&oHk; uGefysLwmtjzpf yxrqHk; ay:xGufcJhwmrdkY uGefysLwm ordik ;f aMumif;twGuf rSww f ikd w f pfck jzpf cJh&w,f/ Steve Jobs taeeJY 1975 ckESpfrSm Apple Computer ukrÜPDMuD; udk wnfaxmifcJhjyD; wpfESpftMumrSm vufawGU usus taumif txnf azmf ay;EdkifcJhw,f/

36

SOCKET 7 (1994)

CD-R (1988)

odkrSD;odrf;qnf;rIawGudk ydkifydkifEdkif Edkif Mum;cHtajymif;ta&TU ulyHhypönf; wpfcktjzpf pGrf;aqmifay;EdkifcJhw,f/ zwf½I½HktwGufom t oHk; jyK ol awG twGuf toHk;0ifcJh w,f / xk xnf MuD; rm;wJh files

34

PCI (1993)

PCI (peripheral component in ter connect) qdkwJh local bus ray:rD q,fpkESpfwpfckausmfausmfavmuf ISA bus eJYom toHk;jyKcJhMu&w,f/ quf

oG,faeaom ypönf;tpdwftydkif;rsm; ydkrdkwyfqifrIjyKEdkifa&;twGuf xGef;ay: ay;vmcJh&w,f/

33

D ELL U LTRASHARP 2001 FP (2003)

apmOD;ydik ;f xkwf LCD armfew D mawG u pm;yGJay:rSm ae&musOf;usOf;,ljyD; vSvSyy rsufpdyom' &½HkavmufyJ &SdcJh

100 Greatest Of All Time

w,f/ 'gayr,fh response u tp tvGefaES;auG;wmrdkY *drf;upm;EdkifzdkY tcuftcJawG &SdcJhMu&w,f/ Dell eJY Ultrasharp 2001 FP ay:aygufvmwJh tcg CRTs enf;wl vkyfudkifEdkifwJh tqihfudk a&mufEdkifcJhw,f/

32

GL Q UAKE /Q UAKE WORLD (1996)

3D acwf&JU tpydkif;txd Quake twGuf xkwfay;cJhwJh mods awGu

tpGrf;jyEdkifcJhw,f/ *drf;udk upm;wJh ae&mrSm MudKwifwu G q f vdYkr&Edik w f hJ yHpk eH YJ GL Quake u zefwD;ay:xGufvmcJh wm jzpfw,f/ Quake World uawmh Lag-free multiplayer *dr;f wpfct k jzpf tm;vHk;u todtrSwf pjyKcJhMu&w,f/

wmvnf; jzpfapqdkwJh taMumif;&if; ESpfckeJY vrf;aMumif; pzGihfay;cJhygw,f/

wnfay;EdkifcJhygw,f/

29

A DOBE (1990)

P HOTOSHOP

vufawGUqefwJh "mwfyHkavmu wpfckudk a&muf&SdzdkY Adobe u Photoshop qdw k meJY pwifwnfaqmufay;Edik f w,f/ Adobe Photoshop udk Munfh jyD; aemufydkif;rSm tvm;wl application awG wpfoDwpfwef;MuD; xGufvm Muawmhw,f/

31

30

C OMPAQ (1983)

P ORTABLE

Compaq u PC clone market udkvnf; &ap? portable computer qdk

34

uGefysLwm*sme,f

27

AMD A THLON (2003)

64

AMD Athlon 64 xGufvmwJh tcg Intel u tpOfwpdkuf processor udk vTrf;rdk;aecJhwJh t&Sdeft0g acwå cP &yfwefYoGm;vdkufapw,f/ AMD Athlon 64 u yxrqHk; consumer 64-bit CPU jzpfygw,f/ Intel &JU Core 2 Duo xGufrvmrcsif; ajc wpfvSrf; tomeJY avQmufEikd cf w hJ m rSww f ikd w f pfck jzpfoGm;apygw,f/

26

MATROX G400 (1999)

wpfckwnf;&Edkifwmxuf ESpfck &Edkif&if b,ft&mrqdk ydkaumif;w,f qdw k hJ cH,cl suu f kd oufaojyay;cJw h ,f/ Matrox G400 u pjyD; dual VGA outputs awGeJYtwl multihead pepfudk tpysKd;EdkifapcJhygw,f/

connector selection rsKd;awGudk ajz &Sif;ay;&if; standards wpfcktjzpf &yf

CD-ROM (1984)

Digital audio uae computer data oH;k tjzpf ckew f ufvu kd jf yD; aqmhz0f J

28

ATX (1995)

AT motherboard formfactor udk tawmfMum oHk;cJhMujyD;aemuf AT mobo eJY case awGtwGuf t"du jyóem tcsKdUudk ajz&Si;f ay;Edik zf Ykd ATX ay:xGuf vmcJhw,f/ *a[aqmfxm;wJh powersupply connector rsKd ; eJ Y archaic

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100 Greatest Of All Time

Floppy tpm; MuD;rm;wJh data yrmP awGukd odrk ;DS cGi&fh oGm;Mu&w,f/ 'D optical disc format u floppy toHk;csrI

cJhw,f/ vIyfcgoGm;apwJh color/ graphics adapter (CGA) card jzpfyg w,f/

awGudk tMuD;tus,f avsmhoGm;apcJhwJh tjyif ,aeYtcsdeftxd ay:jyLvm jzpf aeqJ jzpfygw,f/

23

25

HALF-LIFE (1998)

*drf;avmurSm 'DaeYtcsdeftxd ta&mif;&qHk; PC Shooter tjzpf &yf wnfEikd cf w hJ ,f/ pdw0f ifpm;zG,&f m Zmwf vrf;ZmwfuGufeJYtwl tajccH *&yfzpf awGudk azmufxGufausmfvTm;jyD; firstperson games twGif; epfjrKyfoGm;ap avmufatmif pGr;f aqmifomG ;Edik cf w hJ hJ rsK;d qufopfwpfckudk zefwD;ay;cJhygw,f/

CABLE MODEM (1996)

w,fvDzkef;vdkif;udk toHk;csjyD; tifwmemcsdwfquf,l&wm jzpfw,f/ rQa0oHk;pGJrItwGuf yxrydkif; vrf; aMumif; usyfnyfaejcif;aMumifh yxr ydkif; oHk;pGJolawGtaeeJY pdwfwdkif;rus jzpfMu&w,f/ 'gayr,fh tifwmeuf csdwq f ufraI wGukd &oGm;jyDqw kd meJY pdwf wdkif;rus jzpf&wmawG ajyaysmufoGm; apawmhw,f/

21

IBM PC K EYBOARD (1981)

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20

CREATIVE LABS SOUND BLASTER 1.0 (1989)

trsm;pkrSm wu,fh tppftrSef toHk;0ifapwJh onboard audio system awG rygcJah y/ 'gaMumifh add-in card yHkpHjyKay;vdkufwJhtcg *drf;upm;olwdkif; auseyfoGm;cJhMu& w,f/ yxrqHk; xdxda&mufa&muf aqmif&u G af y;Edik cf w hJ muawmh Creative Labs Sound Blaster 1.0 yJ jzpfw,f/ PC Clones

22

DDR SDRAM (2000)

Memory twGuf tm;opfavmif; zdkY ay:xGufvmwJh DDR SDRAM u

24

IBM CGA (1981)

C ARD

u rdrt d vd&k w dS t hJ a&mifwikd ;f udk ay;Edik pf rG ;f &Sd wmrdYk ay:jyLvmjzpfcw hJ ,f/ 'gudk IBM u 16 glorious colors tqihftxd jr§iw fh if&if; CGA card udk xkwv f yk af y; Hercules Graphics Card

2000 jynfhESpftwGif; aps;EIef;MuD;jrihf w,fvdkY ,lqolawGu rvdkrvm; &Sdae cJah o;w,f/ aemufyikd ;f rSm memory udk vufcHEdkifavmufwJh aps;EIef;eJY avQmhcs vmwJh aemufydkif; bandwidth ESpfq &wJh DDR SDRAM udk trsm;MudKuf jzpfoGm;apcJhw,f/

19

L ITHIUM -I ON C ELLS (1991)

tEÅ&m,fjzpfapwJh nickel-based battery awGtpm; 0ifa&mufvmwJh Lithium-ion cell u vdktyfcsufawGudk jynfhpHkoGm;apwJhtjyif Mum&SnfMumrsm; toHk;cHvmw,f/

36

uGefysLwm*sme,f

100 Greatest Of All Time

18

W ESTERN D IGITAL CAVIAR 1GB (1994)

IBM u yxrydkif; yxrqHk; gigabyte tqih f hard drive awGudk

xk w f v k y f c J h y gao;w,f / 'gayr,f h tav;csdef 550 aygif av;jyD; a':vm 40ç000 avmuf wef z d k ; usoif h a e w,f/ Western Digital u 1999 ckEpS f ZGev f rSm tdro f ;kH tqifh 1GB barrier udk xkwfay;Edkif cJ h w m rS w f w d k i f wpfwdkiftjzpf jzpf o G m ;apcJ h w,f/

17

FAST ETHERNET (1995)

10 Mb/s uae 100 Mb/s tqihf udk &oGm;apwJh Ethernet jzpfcJh&w,f/ wired networking twG u f Fast Ethernet u standard jzpfoGm;ap w,f/ Token Ring eJY 10 Base2 wdYk ukd

,SOfjydKifolawGudk tydkif ausmfjzwfoGm; EdkifcJhygw,f/

16

N VIDIA G E F ORCE 2 (2000)

yxrqHk; xGufay:vmwJh pixelshading GPU trsKd;tpm; jzpfw,f/ 3D obm0ud k mainstream xJ ta&mufyYkd ay;Edik cf yhJ gw,f/ Advanced Lighting technique eJY filtering feature awG yg0ifvmygw,f/

38

uGefysLwm*sme,f

15

MS-DOS (1980)

tvGef½dk;&Sif;ygw,f/ yxrqHk; tqihfrSm QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System) vdkY ac:w,f/ tvGef ½IyfaxG;wJh UNIX wdkY mainframe OSes awG rygbJ uGefysLwm vkyfief;pOfrSm MS.DOS u rdwfquf ay;zdkY tpydkif;rSm tonf;toefjzpfcJh& ayr,fh tm;vH;k tqifajy acsmarmoGm;cJh &ygw,f/

14

13

802.11B (1999)

1990 jynfhESpf aESmif;ydkif;upjyD; MudK;rJh enf;ynmudk pwiftaumif txnfazmfEdkifcJhayr,fh xda&mufrI r&Sd cJhay/ 1999 ckESpfrSm 802.11B qdkwm xGuf ay:vmEdkifcJhrSom vHkavmufwJh band width eJY vufawGUusus cable free networking pepfudk toHk;csoGm; apEdkifcJh&w,f/

INTEL 486DX (1989)

a,bk,soabmt& 486 vdkYyJ ac:ac:? 486 DX vdkYyJ ac:ac: ac:qdk Edkifygw,f/ built-in memory cache xnfhoGif;xm;vdkufjyD; 32 bit archi tecture yHkpH 'DZdkif;eJY wnfaqmuf,lcJh w,f/ Computing power udk 386 DX awGxuf ydk&oGm;jyD; 25 MHz, 33 MHz eJY 50 MHz qdkwJh clock speed awGeYJ yxrqH;k &Edik cf w hJ ,f/ aemufyikd ;f clock speeds tjrefEe I ;f aumif;aumif; eJY qihfumqihfum xGufay:vmcJhyg w,f/ tqdkyg chip udk 2007 ckESpf pufwifbmvtxd xkwfvkyfrI &SdapcJh ygw,f/

12

MOUSE (1963)

Stanford rS Douglas Engelbart u rlvyxr armufpfwpfrsKd;udk 1960 jynfhESpftwGif;rSm wDxGifay;cJhw,f/ 1970 jynfhESpfrSmawmh yHkpHjyK rSwfyHkwif vkyfEdkifcJhw,f/ 1972 ckESpfrSm Xerox u ball wpfckeJY jznfhqnf;ay;&if; ydkrdk toHk;wnfhoGm;apcJhw,f/ tJ'Daemuf

100 Greatest Of All Time

Apple uGefysLwmawGrSm

toHk; jyK&if; yD p D u G e f y sLwmawG t xd toH k ; cs EdkifoGm;w,f/

11

MP3 (1991)

xm;vdu k rf ,fq&kd if Doom u 3D *dr;f &JU vrf;jyajryHjk zpfomG ;apygw,f/ pwif upm;cGihf&uwnf;u *drf;upm;ol taygif;udk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif vIyfcgEdkifjyD; ay:jyLvmjzpfcJh&ygw,f/

HAYES SMARTMODERN (1981)

pdwfcsvufcs toHk;jyKcGihf&EdkifcJhw,f/ oHk;pGJoltcsKdUu ,aeYtcsdefxd oHk;pGJae MuqJjzpfw,f/

DIRECTX (1995)

Industry-standard PC graphics platform udk wpfrsKd; qef;opfpGm eJY *drf;awGupm;EdkifzdkY microsoft u graphics API qdkwm wDxGifay;cJhwm

jzpfw,f/

9

7

Comsumer modem awGtwGuf Hayes u a&S;OD;wDxi G o f jl zpfcyhJ gw,f/ Prebroadband umvwpfavQmufvHk;

eJY 'pf*spfw,f rD'D,macwfajymif; awmf vSefa&;udk pEdkifcJhw,f/ ,SOfjydKifwJh tjcm; format tajrmuftjrm; &Sad yr,fh vnf; ,aeYwdkif trsm;qHk; formats wpfcktjzpf &yfwnfEdkifcJh&ygw,f/ Compressed audio format

10

awmfawmfrsm;rsm; ,aeYtxd vnfywf aeEdkifMuqJ jzpfw,f/

DOOM (1993) Wolfenstein 3D udk

tom z,f

8

IBM 5150 (1981)

16 KB RAM eJY internal 5.25 inch floppy drive yg&SdwJh IBM 5150 u yxrqHk; modem PC tjzpf tod

trSwfjyKcJhMu&ygw,f/ tJ'Dtcsdeftcg u xdkufoihfoavmuf aps;EIef; jrihf w,fvYkd qdMk uayr,fh ,HMk unf pdwcf spGm toHk;cscGihf &Muw,f/ IBM u 5150

6

QUAKE (1996)

Doom eJY Duke Nukem 3D qdk wm tem*wf*rd ;f avmu&JU oHawmfqihf awGvdkY qdkEdkifygw,f/ trSefwu,f vnf; Doom u 3D *dr;f twGuf tmrcH csufay;oGm;ygw,f/

> {jyD? 2008 39

100 Greatest Of All Time

5

WINDOWS XP (2001)

Windows XP u Windows xGuf&SdjyD;

orQawGxJrSm taumif;qHk;qdkwm vlwdkif;u rSwf,lxm;cJhMu&w,f/

Windows 95 wdYk Window 98SE wdYk &UJ xGe;f um;ajymifajrmufrx I uf jyD;jynfph w kH hJ tajctaeawGudk ay;Edkifw,fvdkYqdk&rSm jzpfw,f/ Additional feature awG tajrmuftjrm; yg&Sdvmw,f/ MudKufESpfoufp&m taumif;qHk;awGuawmh Remote Desktop wdkY device driver roll-back wdkY clear type wdkYeJY multi-user support wdkYyJ jzpfw,f/

4

NCSA MOSAIC (1993) acwfopf uGefysLwmpepf

2

3DFX VOODOO 1 (1996)

awGukd ,cifupepfawGxuf tMuD;tus,f ajymif;vJomG ;ap cJhwJh toHk;csy½dk*&rfwpfckudk jyygqdk&if Mosaic udkyJ jyMu&rSm jzpf w,f/ yxrqHk; Web browser jzpfw,f/ NCSA (National Center for Supercomputing Applications) u wDxGif xkwfvkyfcJhwm jzpfw,f/ Windows twGuf jzpfjzpf? Macintosh twGufjzpfjzpf? freeware eJ Y sharware wpfct k jzpf toH;k csEdik w f ,f/ Mosaic aMumif h yD j yif w J h graphical internet jzpfvm cJh&w,f/ ,aeY toHk;jyKae MuwJ h major browser trsm;pkrSm Mosaic code awmfawmfrsm;rsm; yg0ifaeqJ jzpfw,f/

Graphics aps;uGuf ½IyfaxG;rI qdkwm

,aeY jrifawGU&wJh tajctaexuf ,cifu ydkjyD; ½Iyf½IyfaxG;axG; &SdcJhw,f/ 1996 ckESpfu 3dfx Voodoo 1 xGuaf y:vmcJah wmh 3D graphics udk rdrd yDpDay:rSm standard VGA board udk xyfjyD; yHhydk;ay;Edkifr,fh add-in card awG xnfhcGihf&oGm;apw,f/ *drf;orm;awG taeeJY Quaks vdk *drf;rsKd;udk ydkifydkifEdkifEdkif upm;cGifh &oGm;Muw,f/ *drf;upm;rI &oudk ydkjyD; xdxd a&mufa&muf yHhydk;ay;vmwJh VooDoo vdkY rSwf,loGm;Mu &ygw,f/

1

3

INTEL PENTIUM II (1997) 233 MHz

eJ Y vnf y wf c G i h f & ae&muae 400 MHz txuf&oGm;apzdkY microprocessor twGuf rdwf quf a y;vmwJ h achitecture topf jzpf w ,f / wcsKdUu P2 vdkY tvG,fwul ac:qdkMuw,f/ Exposed-pin socket wpfcktpm; slot-based package wpfcktwGif; heatsink wpfckwdkY daughterboard wdkY pwif yg0ifvmEdkifcJhw,f/ CPU uae L2 Cache qdkwmudk Intel u oD;jcm;cGJxkwfapcJh w,f/ 'DtwGuf wefzdk;avsmhenf;vm&ovdk cache size vnf; wd;k oGm;apygw,f/ Processor avmurSm Athlon 64 rxGufciftxd Intel u vTrf;rdk;xm;Edkif cJhygw,f/

USB (1996) USB avmuf ,HkMunfpdwfcs&jyD; toHk;uswJh con

nector qdkwm r&Sdbl;vdkY ajymqdkEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ yxrtqihftaeeJY tifrwef av;vHaES;auG;wJh serial ports wdkY parallel ports wdkYudk toHk;jyK &wmxuf jrefqefrI&apcJhw,f/ USB connector qufoG,frIudk yDpD tzGihf tydwfvkyfjyD; qufoG,f&wJh yifyef;rIrsKd; r&Sdawmhwm awGU&w,f/ oD;jcm; AC qufo, G rf v I ykd J device awGukd toH;k jyKEdik o f mG ;apw,f/ jrefqefrI EIe;f xm; 480 Mb/s &Sw d hJ USB awGtxd wd;k wufvmayr,fv h nf; formfactor ajymif;vJ jcif; r&Sdwm awGUEdkifw,f/ FireWire qdkwm r&Sd&ifvnf; USB eJY toHk;cscGihf &SdoGm;apw,f/

OD;aomif;0if; (yef;cs,&f )D

40

uGefysLwm*sme,f

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wkefcgoaH y;aom RUMBLE MOUSE wpfck udk,fydkif zefwD; jyKvyk ef nf; First-Person shooter (FPS) game upm;&mrSm udkifwG,ftoHk;jyKol udk wkefcgrIay;EdkifwJh rumble mouse

wpfckudk udk,fwdkif zefwD; wnfaqmuf enf;udk Greg Lipscomb u jyefvnf azmufonfcsxm;w,f/ olb,fvv kd yk f ovJqdkwm MunfhMu&atmif/ FPS games upm;&mrSm mouse &JU Left button udk click vkyf upm;avh &Sdw,f/ tJ'Dvdk left click vkyfwdkif;rSm

42

uGefysLwm*sme,f

wkefcgrI jzpfvmatmif mouse xJrSm cellphone vibrator motor wpfckudk fully enclosed jzpfatmif xnfhoGif; wyfqifay;&r,f/ 'Dvdk xnfhoGif;ay; EdkifzdkY oihfawmfr,fh mouse [m optical mouse jzpfzYkd vdw k ,f/ Roller ball mouse eJY tqifrajyEdkifbl;/ t&ifqHk;vkyf&r,fh tvkyfuawmh cellphone ta[mif;wpfcx k u J vibrator motor wpfckudk jzKwf,l&r,f/ tJ'D

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uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

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MATERIALS Optical USB mouse I used an off-brand, model HTM-67WT PNP transistor, 2N3906 Radioshack #276-1604 Electric vibrating motor Salvage from cellphone. or use Sanko Electric #1E120, available at allelectronics.com, catalog#VB-1 Ω or 1kΩ Ω micro trim potentiometer A 10kΩ pot, 5kΩ like RadioShack #271-282, works, but lower values fit the adjusting range better Diode, 1N4001 Ω resistor 1kΩ Mini perfboard RadioShack #276-0148

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{jyD? 2008

43

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Intercept the left click

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44

uGefysLwm*sme,f

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PNP x&efppöwm&JU base udk 0if

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uGeyf sLwmtufaq;

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48

uGefysLwm*sme,f

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uGefysLwmxJudk xnfhay;wJh enf;vrf; tjzpf pwifay;wJh ukrÜPDjzpfygw,f/ olwdkYu ajymygw,f/ uGefysLwmpjyD; ay:aygufvmwJh tcsdefupjyD; vlawG zwfvdkY&wJh t&mawGudk uGefysLwmawG u zwfvkdY&wJh t&mawG jzpfvmatmif ajymif;vJay;EkdifzdkY MudK;pm;cJhygw,fwJh/ Words pum;vHk;awGudk uGefysLwmu vufcHEkdifwJh data awGtjzpf ajymif;ay; ygw,f/ 'Dvkyfief;udk Scan R.com eJY olY&JUjydKifbuf Qipit.com eJY tjcm; ukrÜPDrsm;u vkyfaqmifay;aeygjyD/ vkyfaqmifcsdefu puúefY 30 avmufom Mumygw,f/ vlom;awGu rjrifEkdifyg bl;/ tDvufx&Geef pfawGu zefw;D oGm; ygw,f/ 'gawGu toHk;jyKwJh vlawG od p &mrvd k y gbl ; / ypö n f ; zef w D ; wJ h vl a wG & J U wm0ef o m jzpf y gw,f / uRefawmfwdkYu uRefawmfwkdY vufxJ a&mufvm&if toHk;jyKrSmyJ/ bmawG toH k ; jyKEk d i f o vJ / toH k ; jyKEk d i f w m tukefvkyfrSmygyJ/ xkwfvkyfwJh vlawG uvnf; 'DvlawGu bm awGvdkcsifaeovJ? vdktyf aeovJ?avhvmjyD;? pl;prf; jyD; wDxGifzefwD;ay;aerSm yJ jzpfygw,f/ jyD;awmh ynm&Siaf wGukd zefw;D ckid ;f ? jyD;awmh xkwfvkyfa&mif; csrSm jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m pD;yGm;a&; a&pD;aMumif; MuD;yJ jzpfygw,f/ 0efaqmifcuvnf; oufomygw,f/ cifAsm; toH k ; jyKcsif o avmuf toHk; jyKyg/ wpfvvHk;rS a':vm 3 a':vmyJ usyg w,f / zk e f ; trsKd ; tpm;

aygif; 950 uae EkdifiHaygif; 200 u toH;k jyKaejyDvYkd qdyk gw,f/ us,fus,f jyefYjyefY toHk;jyKaejyDvdkY qdk&rSm jzpfyg w,f/ 'gaMumifh urÇmrSm cell phone awGukd scanner tjzpf? fax tjzpf photocopy tjzpf toHk;jyKvmygvdrfhr,f/ 'Dawmh bmjzpfrvJ/ tJ'Dypönf;awG aysmufoGm;Ekdifygw,f/ 'Dvdk vkyfEkdifatmif uRefawmfwdkY awG bmawG vdkovJ/ Camera phone &,f? text recognition software &,f? translation software &,fyv J ykd gw,f/ Software ESpc f u k awmh ypön;f xkwv f yk f olawGu xnfah y;ygvdrrhf ,f/ zke;f zd;k xJ rSm 'D software awG&JU wefzkd;u ygae jyD; jzpfrSmygyJ/ uRefawmfwdkY 0,fvkduf wJh ypönf;&JU wefzdk;xJrSm ygjyD;om;/ uRefawmfwYkd ylp&m r[kwyf gbl;/ ylp&m udpq ö &kd ifvnf; 0,fo;kH MurSm r[kwyf g bl;/ uRefawmfwdkYudk customer awGyJ ac:ac:? user awGyJvdkYyJac:ac: toifh oHk;Ekdif&if jyD;ygw,f/

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{jyD 2008

49

New Products

HP Pavilion Elite M9040N PC Photoshop eJY tvkyfvkyfr,f/ 'grSr[kwf AD'D,dkudpö twGuf transcoding awG vkyfr,f/ MP3 awG zefwD;r,fqdk &if ,cif yDpDta[mif;awGeJY toHk;cs&ifawmh aES;auG;aejyD; pdwfwkdif;us rzefwD;EkdifrSm aocsmygw,f/ ,cktcsdefrSm tqifjh rifh rmvfwrD 'D , D m desktop av;udk toH;k jyK&awmhr,fh tcsdefjzpfygw,f/ 'Dvdk vkyfief;rsKd;awGeJY rvGJraoG ywfouf Mu&awmhr,fq&kd if HP uxkww f hJ Pavilion Elite m90 40n qdkwJh desktop yDpDu aemufqHk;ay:jzpfwmaMumifh taumif; qHk; pdwfwkdif;us jzpfoGm;apygvdrfhr,f/ tvGefaumif;wJh pGrf; aqmif&nfawGeJY feature awG wpfyHkwpfyif aygif;pyfjyD; rdrd vdktyfcsufawGudk jznfhqnf;EkdifrSmjzpfw,f/ wefzdk;owfrSwf csufuvnf; a':vm 1190 jzpfwmrdkY ajcEkdifvufEkdif jzpfap ygvdrfhr,f/ wcsKdUu Populist price vdkY ac:Muw,f/ Intel Core 2 Quad Q 6600 processor udk oHk;xm;jyD; memory twGuf 3GB DDR2 SDRAM udk wyfxm;um odkrSD;pepf twGuf RAID 0 array wpfcktwGif; 320 GB yrmP&Sdaom SATA hard drive ESpv f ;kH udw k jJG yD; wyfqifxm;w,f/ *&yfzpf vkyif ef;awGtwGuf 256 MB &Sw d hJ nVidia Geforce 8400 GS card udk xnfhay;vkdufw,f/ Optical drive twGuf dual layer DVD + RW drive yg&Sdvmw,f/ qufoG,f csdwfqufrIawGtwGuf over-the-air ATSC (HDTV) tuner wpfc?k wireless networking eJYmedia card reader wpfckwdkYtjyif ports awG wpfyHkwpfyif yg&Sdvmwm awGY&w,f/ armufpfeJY uD;bkwfukdvnf; MudK;rJhpepfeJY zefwD; xm;ay;w,f/ m 90 40 n &JU xl;jcm;csufuawmh Personal

52

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Pocket eJY personal Media Drive

tvG,fwul backup

vkyf,l Ekid rf ,fh cvkwf

wdYk xnfo h k;H Ekid f r,fh bays rsm; tqifh wyfqif ay;xm;w,f/

Media Drive (desktop Class) eJY Pocket Media Drive (notebook class) bays ESpfrsKd;vHk;udk vufcH aqmif&GufEkdif wmyJjzpfw,f/ tm;enf;csuftaeeJYajym&&if HD DVD wdkY Blu-ray wdYk twGuf drive options ay;rxm;wmudk axmufjy

Ekdifygvdrfhr,f/ ,cifu xkwfvkyfcJhwJh tqifhjrifh armf',f Pavillion M8100V eJY Edi I ;f ,SOMf unf&h if performance taeeJY qdzk , G &f m odyrf &Sv d aS yr,fh aps;EIe;f taetxm;t& m90 40n u rsm;pGm oufomaewmudk awGY&ygw,f/

Western Digital My DVR Expander TiVo HD awG? TiVo pD;&D;awGtwGuf favorite shows awGukd pdwMf udKuforkd ;DS xm;vdo k al wGtMudKuf jzpfapEkid w f ,f/ HD TiVo box eJY wGJcsdwfjyD; toHk;jyKEkdifw,f/ 500 GB yrmPtxd pyg,f&S,f wnfaqmufay;xm;wmjzpfwmrdkY ½dk;½dk; standarddefinition (3D) trsKd;tpm;awGtwGuf em&Daygif; 300 avmuf txd tydkaqmif;ay;Ekdifovdk high-definition (HD) trsKd;tpm; awGtwGuf em&Daygif; 60 avmuftxd xnfhxm;Ekdifygvdrfhr,f/ wu,fvdkY rdrd&JUuGefysLwm system eJY wGJzuf toHk;jyKvdkw,fqdk &if TiVo Web site version 9.2 udk download vkyf,ljyD;rSom oH;k Ekid rf mS jzpfw,f/ My DVR Expander eJY csdwq f uftoH;k rjyKrD ¤if;rSmygvmwJh instruction awGudk taotcsm zwf½IavhvmzdkY vdkygw,f/ Instruction rSmygwJh vkyfief;pOf tqifhvkduftwkdif; aqmif&Guf vkyfudkifrIr&Sd&if rdrd record vkyfxm;wmawG usef&pf aysmufqHk;wmrsKd; &SdEkdifygw,f/ wu,fwrf; My DVR Expander ukd 0,f,ltokH;jyKjyDqdk&ifawmh TiVo eJY Scientific Atlanta wdYkeYJq&kd if tppt&m&m tm;vH;k tqifajyoGm;apEkid yf gw,f/ owf rSww f efz;kd u 199 a':vmjzpfwmaMumifh aps;EIe;f MuD;w,fvYkd xif aumif;xif&ayr,fh Favorite Shows awGudk pdwfwkdif;us odkrSD; Munf½h EI idk w f maMumifh aps;EIe;f MuD;rIukd arhavsmhomG ;apygvdrrhf ,f/ ○

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Epson Perfection V500 Photo

Scan vky, f l&orQukd PDF yHpk aH jymif; &ef

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54

uGefysLwm*sme,f

t&nftaoG; tjrifhqHk;tqifheJY scan vkyfEkdifwmaMumifh picture-perfect scanning wpfcv k Ykd ac:qdk owfrw S Ef idk yf gw,f/ LED light source udk toHk;cs,ljcif;jzpfwmaMumifh warming up vkyaf e&r,ft h csdeaf wG oufomapygw,f/ 6400 pixel-perinch (ppi) txd optical resolution &,lEkdifjyD; dust awG scratches awGudk z,fxkwfEkdifa&;twGuf Digital ICE qdkwJh [mh'f0J jznfhqnf;rIawGvdk txif;MuD;tm;xm;p&m features awG trsm;MuD; yg&Sdaeygw,f/ Standard cold cathode fluorescent lamps udk toHk;rjyKwmaMumifh rmusL&DrJhjyD; ,aeY tav; xm; aqmif&GufaeMuwJh green qdkwJh oefY&Sif;pifMu,frI tjynfh t0&Sad eapw,f/ ¤if;jzifh "mwfyjkH zpfap? zvifjzpfap scan vky, f l EkdifzdkY pDpOfxm;ay;w,f/ orm;½dk;us flatbed scanner wpfck taeeJY setup tjyif Epson Twain driver wdkY Photoshop Elements wdYk ABBYY FineReader 6.0 Sprint wdYk uy kd g wpfyg wnf;yg&SdvmrSmjzpfw,f/ tdrfoHk;taeeJYjzpfjzpf? ½Hk;oHk;taeeJYjzpf jzpf toifhawmfqHk;jzpfum owfrSwfa&mif;cswJh wefzdk;u 249 a':vm jzpfygw,f/

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NEW PRODUCTS

LG VX10000 Voyager uk, d fxnft&G,ftpm; 2 'or 1 vufr _ 4 tvGef ay:jyLvmjzpfaeygw,fqdkwJh Apple &JU iPhone udk 'or 6 vufr _ 0 'or 7 vufr ,SOfjydKifvmwJh multitalented handset av;wpfckjzpfw,f/ plyg yg0gxnfhay;vkdufwJh w,fvDzkef;trsKd;tpm;wpfckvdkYvnf; qdkEkdif ygvdrfhr,f/ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aumif;rGefvSwJh touch screen MudK;rJh pepfoHk; pwD&D,dk music awG? line TV awG? GPS pepfawGudk cHpm;EkdifwJhtjyif dual keyboard eJY qif,ifxm;w,f/ Voyager udk Verizon &JUtaumif;qH;k text messaging device taeeJY *dr;f vnf;rSw, f El idk w f ,f/ xdyw f ef;pm&if;0if entertainment gadget upm;&mrSm taeeJYvnf; todtrSwfjyKxm;Ekdifw,f/ pm½dkuf&mwGif ouf toH;k jyKzYkd cursor aomifo h ufom&Sad pwJh keyboard ygvmwJt h jyif virtual keypad key tydk tav;csed f 4 'or 7 atmifpyJ udkvnf; oHk;Ekdifw,f/ Touch screen &JU yHkpH'DZkdif;u force feedxnfhxm;w,f/ &Sdw,f/ back awGeJYtwl bite back jzpfapwJh cvkwfawGygvmw,f/ Bluetooth pepfudk yHhydk;aqmif&Gufay;w,f/ Internal memory udk 183 MB txd &uf&ufa&ma&m ay;xm;jyD; micro SD card eJYvnf; xnfhjyD; oHk;Ekdifygao;w,f/ tm;enf;csufrSm Web browser taeeJY tenf;i,f aES;w,f/ toHtjrifhqHk;xm;&if tenf;i,f toHa&maxG;rI&Sdw,f/ owfrSwfwefzdk;u 449 a':vmjzpfygw,f/ ○

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Epson Picturemate Dash Epson ukrP Ü u D xkwv f yk w f t hJ xJrmS Picture Mate vkid ;f u small-format awGtwGuf &yfwnfapjyD; xkwfvkyfvmcJhwmjzpf w,f/ tck topfxw k v f yk v f u dk w f hJ Dash armf',fuawmh tawmf av; tHhtm;oifhp&m trsm;tjym; awGYcJh&w,f/ Picture Mate

vdktyfovdk apmif;a&TEU idk w f hJ 3 'or 6 vufr t&G,f LCD

9 'or 1 vufr _ 8 'or 7 vufr _ 6 'or 5 vufr t&G,t f pm; &Sdw,f/ rsuEf mS pm tzH;k udk output tray taeeJY toHk;csEdkifw,f/

56

uGefysLwm*sme,f

rsK;d qufawGxrJ mS topfviG q f ;Hk eJY aps;EIe;f tcsKo d mqH;k jzpfaew,f/ "mwfyHkrxkwfrD ppfaq; Munfh½IzdkY 3 'or 6 vufrt&G,f&SdwJh LCD screen udk wyfxm;w,f/ aemufwpfcu k jrefqefou G v f uf rIt&Sq d ;kH jzpfaew,f/ Small-format photo awGukd tjrefq;kH xkwf ay;Ekdifw,f/ yHkxkwfcEIef;xm;udk taotcsm wGufcsufMunfh&if toufomqHk;jzpfaewmudkvnf; awGY&w,f/ Dash u xkxnf MuD;aeoa,mif&Sdayr,fh oD;jcm; bufx&D option yg&SdwmrdkY tvG,w f ul o,f,o l mG ;jyD; vQyfppf"mwftm;vkid ;f rvdb k J yHx k w k f ay;Ekdifw,f/ bufx&D wpfMudrftm;oGif;xm;&if "mwfyHkaygif; 140 avmufxw k Ef idk w f ,fvYkd Epson u nTe;f qdx k m;w,f/ ½d;k &Si;f wJh setup av;vkyfjyD;oGm;wmeJY memory card u jzpfjzpf? PictBridge camera ujzpfjzpf? USB key u jzpfjzpf? uGefysLwmu jzpfjzpf y&ifhxkwfEkdifoGm;apw,f/ "mwfyHkudk 42 puúefYeJY xkwfEkdif jyD; "mwfyw kH pfyt kH wGuf qifah iG 25 avmufyJ usoifw h ,f/ tMuD; qHk; 4 vufr _ 6 vufryHkawG xkwfvkyfEkdifw,f/ owfrSwf a&mif;cswJhaps;EIef;u 99 a':vmyJ jzpfygw,f/

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NEW PRODUCTS Haier Ibiza Rhapsody yDpDuGefysLwmeJY qufoG,fp&mrvdkbJ setup utp udk,f wkdifvkyfukdif,lEkdifwJh Portable Media Player av; wpfrsKd;jzpf w,f/ Ibiza udk Rhapsody rSm vpOfaMu;ay;jyD; Wi-Fi pepfukd iPod Classic &JU toHk;cs qufoG,f,lwJh vkyfief;pOfeJY vnfywfaprSmjzpfw,f/ screen t&G,f odkrSD;yrmP 30 GB txd ay;xm;wmrdkY orm;½dk;us portable tpm;eJY twlwl media player yHkpHtaetxm;twkdif; toHk;csEkdifw,f/ Ibiza jzpfw,f/ av;rSm AD', D akd wGvnf; MunfEh idk w f ,f/ "mwfyakH wGvnf; MunfEh idk f w,f/ FM radio pepfudkvnf; toHk;csEkdifw,f/ Web browser wpfcktaeeJYvnf; MunfhEkdifw,f/ Bluetooth pepfukdvnf; cHpm; cGifh ay;xm;ygao;w,f/ iPod awGrSm toHk;jyKwJh 2 'or 5 vufrt&G,f 320 _ 240 pixel resolution &SdwJh screen ygovdk Zune rSm wyfqifxm;wJh touch-sensitive control pad yg&Sd w,f/ 'gayr,fh iPod eJY Zune wdkYvdk vSvSyy 'DZkdif;yHkpHawmh r&Sd ygbl;/ wu,fvYkd Rhapsody &JU service udk roH;k rcsvdb k ;l qd&k ifawmh yDpaD y:ujzpfap? Window Media Player ay:ujzpfap Content awG aumuf,lEkdifcGifh &Sdygao;w,f/ Audio twGuf DRM-free AAC, MP3, WMA eJY WAV formats awG oHk;EkdifjyD; video twGuf MPEG-4, WMJV eJY H.264 format awGudk oHk;Ekdifum "mwfyHktwGuf JPEG eJY PNG awGudk oHk;Ekdifw,f/ wefzdk;rSm 329 a':vmjzpfw,f/ ○

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Amazon Kindle wu,fpmtkyaf y:rS pmvH;k rsm;udk zwf½aI e&onft h vm; cHpm;cGi&hf w dS ,f/

QWERTY Keyboard yg&w dS ,f/ (e-book reader wkid ;f rSm ryg&w dS wfyg/)

58

uGefysLwm*sme,f

wjznf;jznf;csif; ajymif;vJvmcJhwJh e-book vrf;aMumif;MuD; xJu ay:xGufvmwJh rD;cJ&J&Jav;vdkY wifpm;ajymqdkEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ E-book 'DZkdif;yHkpHawG topftopf ay:xGef;vm&muae tcktcg wu,fph mtkyt f &G,t f pm;eJY zwf½cI iG &hf vmaom tajctaewpfrsKd; jzpfvmcJhw,f/ tzHk;xlpmtkyfawGavmufrMuD;bJ taysmfzwf 0w¬K pmtkyf t&G,ftpm;xuf tenf;i,fMuD;w,f/ tvGef jywfom; MunfvifwJh electronic ink display toGiftjyifeJY zwf½IcGifh&rSm jzpfw,f/ Text t&G,t f pm; 6 cktwGi;f vdt k yfovdk ajymif;a&TUzwf ½IEkdifw,f/ 180 MB yrmPtxd onboard memory udk ay;xm; wmaMumifh ¤if;ESiyhf if pmtkyaf ygif; 200 avmufzwf½EI idk rf ,fo h abm &Sdw,f/ 'DxufydkjyD; zwf½IEkdifzdkYtwGuf SD card slot wpfckvnf; xnfah y;xm;ygao;w,f/ rdrzd wf½v I w kd phJ mtkyt f rnfukd awGY&v dS u dk f onfESifh 10 puúefYtwGif; download vkyfay;vkdufum zwf½I&ef toift h aetxm; &Ekid yf gw,f/ Amazon uae pmtkyw f pftyk u f kd qifh 10 avmufeJY0,f,lEkdifrSmjzpfjyD; taysmfzwf0w¬KrsKd;qdkygu 3 qifhavmufeJY &,lEkdifygvdrfhr,f/ Amazon rS Kindle twGuf e-books aygif; 88ç000 cefY toifh&SdaejyD;jzpfw,f/ owfrSwf wefzdk;u 399 a':vmjzpfwmrdkY aps;EIef;MuD;jrifhw,fvdkY xif&ay r,fh tyDjyifqHk; reader tjzpf cHpm;cGifh&ygvdrfhr,f/

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Fujitsu Lifebook S6510 tav;csdef 4 aygifom&SdjyD; 14 vufrt&G,ftpm;&SdwJh wide LED backlit screen udk oHk;xm;wJh notebook av;jzpfwmaMumifh ayghayghyg; oHk; Crystal yg; yyvTm;vTm;&Sv d w S hJ notebook trsKd;tpm;av;vdYk ajym&rSmjzpf View matte Screen w,f/ Fluorescent tubes awGtpm; LED backlights udk toHk; csxm;wmaMumifh screen udk ydí k yg;vTmatmif 'DZidk ;f jyKvkyv f Ykd&oGm; apw,f/ yg0goHk;pGJrIudkvnf; avsmhusoGm;apw,f/ wpfenf; ajym&&if Fujitsu LifeBook av;u mobile computing &JU vdiI ;f opfav;vdYk qkEd idk w f ,f/ 2.4 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo T7700 processor wyfqifxm;jyD; 2GB DDR2 SDRAM eJY 358 MB dual-layer Intel Graphics Media Accelerator X 3100 eJY tm;jznfah y;xm; DVD burner w,f/ Hard drive &JU odkrDS;yrmPu 120 GB jzpfw,f/ yg0g twGuf Lithium ion bufx&Dukd oHk;xm;jyD; wpfMudrftm;oGif; xm;&if wpfqufwnf; 3 em&D 45 rdepftxd oHk;EkdifwmaMumifh tvGeftm;&p&maumif;w,f/ Optical drive taeeJY dual-layer DVD burner wyfqifxm;ay;w,f/ Video conference vkyfEkdifzdkY twGuf 1.3 megapixel webcam av;udkvnf; toifh xnfah y;xm;w,f/ tydak qmif; application keys av;ck xyfxnfah y;xm;wmrdYk uD;bkwu f kd pwif toH;k jyKcsderf mS pdwt f aESmifh t,Sufjzpfp&m &SdEkdifygw,f/ Life Book S6510 &JU owfrSwfa&mif;aps;uawmh 2039 a':vmjzpfw,f/ ○

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LG 47LBX 47 vufr t&G,ftpm;&SdjyD; tvGefpwkdifusvSywJh 'DZkdif;eJY 47 vufrt&G,t f pm;

1080p resolution

screen

qHkvnf txkdif

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"mwfykaH wG Munfzh ?Ykd oDcsi;f em;axmifzYkd USB port

60

uGefysLwm*sme,f

LG u xkwfvkyfcJhwJh LCD HDTV jzpfw,f/ 120-Hz display technology udkoHk;xm;wJhtwGuf a&GUvsm;ykH&dyfawGudk ydkjyD; jywf

jywfom;om; xifxif&mS ;&Sm; awGYjrifciG &hf Ekid w f ,f/ qHv k nftxkid f eJY jyKvkyx f m;wmjzpfwmrdYk ab;bufukd 50 'D*&Davmuftxdvn S hf a&TUupm;Edkifw,f/ txufatmufudk 25 'D*&Davmuf upm;Ekdif w,f/ Viewing angles uvnf; 180 'D*&DavmufeD;eD; cGifhjyK xm;ay;w,f/ Resolution 1920 x 1080 &SdjyD; 1080 p t&nf taoG;jynfh high-definition udk xkwaf y;w,f/ Ports awGtaeeJY HDMI oH;k ck? Component ESpc f ?k Composite ESpcf ?k USB wpfc?k RF wpfc?k S-video ESpc f k VGA wpfcw k Ykdyg&Sjd yD; DVI eJY Fix Wire awmhryg&Sday/ Video processing vkyfukdifolawGtwGuf taumif;qHk;jzpfaeapjyD; MP3 eJY "mwfyHk JPEG awGudk playback Munf½ h I em;qifzYkdvnf;cGijhf yKxm;ay;ygw,f/ topfpufpuf 0,f,w l t hJ cgrsKd;rSm image quality udk vdt k yfovdk csden f w §d wfzYkd awmh vdkygw,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;cswJh aps;EIef;u 3499 a':vm jzpfw,f/

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uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

{jyD? 2008

61

LG Flatron L206WU axmifvkdufMunfhMunfh? tvsm;vkdufMunfhMunfh MunfhEkdifzdkY tqift,if&SdwJh armfeDwmtrsKd;tpm;wpfckjzpfw,f/ Resolution 1680 x 1050 xkwfay;Ekdifw,f/ oHk;pGJwJhae&mrSm USB connection eJYtoH;k csEi dk w f ,f/ qHv k nftxkid yf g&Sw d mrdYk ywfvnf vSn, hf El idk o f vdk tvsm;vku d ?f axmifvu dk f vkt d yfovdk xm;oH;k Ekid f w,f/ rdrdyDpDay:rSm&SdwJh Display Link's virtual graphics card software u zdodyfjyD; ydkYvTwfvkdufwJh graphics data awGudk jyefvnf wifjyEkdifapr,fh ASIC (application -specific integrated circuit) wyfqifyg&Sv d mw,f/ LG &JU tqdt k & ¤if;,lepf xJrSm 8 MB flash drive jr§Kyfxnfhay;xm;w,fvdkY od&w,f/ 'gaMumifh ud, k yf idk af qmhz0f eJ YJ twl uGeyf sLwmay:u aqmhz0f aJ wGeYJ tvG,fwul csdwfquf vkyfukdifEkdifpGrf;&Sdw,f/ wu,fvdkYom multiple-monitor setup rsKd;udk ajymif;a&TUoHk;r,fqdk&ifvnf; xkdufxkdufwefwef toHk;jyKEkdifrSmjzpfw,f/ Response time u tvGefjrefqefw,f/ tm;enf;csufwpfckrSm horizontal viewing angle aumif;ayr,fh vertical viewing angle u enf;enf; pdwfwkdif;rus &SdEkdifw,f/ owfrSwfa&mif;aps;u a':vm 350 jzpfw,f/ ○

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tvsm;vkduftaetxm;uae axmifvkduf taetxm;udk ajymif;oHk;Ekid w f hJ swivel ygw,f/

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Maxtor OneTouch 4 plus

6 'or 8 vufr _ 6 vufr _ 2 'or 5 vufr t&G,ftpm;&Sdw,f/

62

uGefysLwm*sme,f

rdrv d yk u f idk x f m;orQ data files awGukd pdwcf svufcs backup vkyf odkrSD;EkdifapzdkY xkwfvkyfxm;wJhud&d,mjzpfw,f/ Maxtor u awmh 'DodkrSD;ud&d,mukd master of disaster vdkY trnfay;xm; w,f/ odkrSD;xm;EkdifwJh yrmPu 500 GB jzpfw,f/ data tvTJ tajymif;udk tvGejf refqefpmG aqmif&u G af y;Ekid w f ,f/ odrk ;DS ud&, d m awG wGufudef;twkdif; GB EIef;xm;t& usoifhaiGudkMunfh&if tvGew f u G af jcudu k w f ,fvYkd qk&d rSmjzpfw,f/ owfrw S af &mif;cswhJ wefzdk;u a':vm 200 wnf;&SdwmrdkYjzpfw,f/ ¤if;&JU program backup u Operating System jzpfap? application awGjzpfap? documents awGjzpfap tm;vHk;udk odkrSD;xm;EkdifcGifhay;xm;w,f/ tm;enf;csuftaeeJYuawmh Windows XP eJY Windows Vista wdYk twGuyf J oH;k Ekid cf iG &hf w dS mjzpfw,f/ Mac toH;k jyKolawGtwGuf toHk;cscGifh r&Ekdifay/ csdwfqufaqmif&GufrI vkyf&mrSmvnf; response time u tvGefjrefqefw,f/ One Touch 4 Plus udk pdwfcsvufcsoHk;Ekdifovdk warranty uvnf; 5 ESpftxd ay;xm; ygao;w,f/

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New Products In Yangon Epson Stylus C110 Epson Stylus C 90 taeeJY jrefrmaps;uGur f mS tawmf av; ay:jyLvmjzpfcJh&w,f/ 2008 ckESpftwGuf xyfrHí Stylus C110 a&muf&v dS mjyefjyDjzpfygw,f/ C 110 u tdro f ;kH tqifx h uf ½H;k oH;k ? tzGJYtpnf;oHk;taeeJYtxd oHk;zdkY ydkjyD; tqifajyapEkdifygw,f/ avqmy&ifwmawG tjzLtrnf;xkwfwJh tjrefEIef;xm;twkdif; default speed eJY xkwfEkdifw,f/ Text awGtwGuf y&ifhxkwfjyD; xGuv f mwJh t&nftaoG;u rdEk akd vqmy&ifwmawGeYJ twlw&l adS e w,f/ 'gayr,fh a&mif;cswhJ aps;EIe;f uawmh avqmy&ifwmawG&UJ xuf0ufEIef;xm;avmufyJ &Sdygw,f/ INK dividual Cartridge eJY oHk;&wmrdkY vdktyfwJhta&mifudkyJ tpm;xdk;oHk;EkdifwJhtwGuf rif tv[ójzpfrI r&SEd idk af wmhay/ DURA Brite Ultra riftrsK;d tpm; jzpfwmrdYk "mwfyakH wGxw k w f t hJ cg ta&mifviG rhf eI nf;yg;jyD; Mum&Sncf H tMurf;cHyHkESdyfxm;csufrsKd;awG &apygw,f/ Cartridge wpfckcsif;&JU aps;EIef;uvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifavmufwJh wefzdk;avmufom jzpfw,f/ Epson &JU tnTef;t& 5760 dpi t&nftaoG;eJY y&ifhxkwfay;rSmvdkY od&w,f/ «tvdk&Sdygu Client Focus ta&mif;qkdifwGif vufvDvufum; 0,f,l&&SdEkdifygw,f/» ○

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68

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69

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70

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5/

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udk toHk;jyKjcif;

yDpDaps;uGufxJrSm 24 vufr t&G,ftpm;&SdwhJ flat-panel display rsKd;udk rarQmfrSef;EkdifwhJwkdif oifhwifhwhJ t&G,ftpm;&SdwhJ flat-panel display wpfckckudk toHk;jyKoifhw,f/ CRT armfeDwmqkdwm omreftaetxm;t& 75 W avmuftxd yg0gudk qGJ,ltoHk;jyKavh&Sdw,f/ Flat-panel trsm;pkuawmh 25 W avmufyJ toHk;csrSm jzpfw,f/ cJowåKtoHk;jyKwhJae&mrSmvnf; CRT awG&JU wnfaqmufrIu LCD awG wnfaqmufrIxuf ykdrdkrsm;jym;whJ taetxm;eJY toHk;jyKxm;avh&Sdw,f/ CRT armfeDwmwpfvHk;rSm ysrf;rQtav;csdef 1 'or 36 uDvkdavmuf cJowåK yg&Sdaewwfw,f/ LCDs awGrSmawmh *&rftenf;i,favmufom yg&SdrSm jzpfw,f/ Philips uxkwfwhJ 19 vufr t&G,ftpm;&SdwhJ 19OC8FS wkdYvkd armfeDwmtawmfrsm;rsm;rSm cJowåK vHk;0ryg&Sdoavmuf jzpfaeygw,f/ uHtm;avsmfpGm CRT armfeDwmawG toHk;jyKrIawGuvnf; oHk;pGJoltvkdt& tvkdvdk avsmhusaejyDjzpfwmrkdY flat-panel 0,f,ltoHk;jyKa&;udk txl;wkdufwGef;aep&m rvkdtyfawmhay/ Energy Saving Trust tqkdt& DAB radio awGu digital TV wpfvHk;u toHvTifhcsuf twlwludk cHpm; ae&if;yif yg0goHk;pGJrI 10 quae tq 20 txd enf;aewm awGU&w,fvkdY qdkw,f/

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{jyD? 2008

75

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76

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{jyD? 2008

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wpfckudk ydkifqdkif&ygvdrhfr,f/ Miscellaneous Mail Services http://www.earthclassmail.com: udk,fzsufqD;ypfcJhjyD; jzpfwJh email

ta[mif;awGuakd wmifrS jyefvnf ppf aq; Munfh½IcGihfay;xm;jyD; ukrÜPD&JU server xJrSm txl; odrf;qnf;ay; xm;ygw,f/ http://www.futureme.org: aemif vmr,fh wpfESpf 'grS r[kwf ig;ESpf pwJh tem*wftwGuf MudKufwhJ tcsed f udk a&G;cs,fjyD; wifMudKay;ydkYxm;Edkif ygw,f/ http://www.hoaxmail.com: ydYk aqmif ol&JU email vdyfpmawGudk rodapvdk wJ h tcgrsKd ; eJ Y SMS oabmrsKd ; tvsiftjref ydYk aqmifay;Edik yf gw,f/ http://www.l8r.nu: aemif ig;ES p f twGuf Email awGudk MudKwifay;ydkY xm;vdkY &ygw,f/ http://www.postful.com: vH k j cH K rI jynfh0pGmeJY email tydkY? t,lawGudk jyKvkyfvdkY &ovdk tcay; user awG twGuaf wmh $ 0.99 owfrw S x f m;yg w,f/ http://www.pranketh.com: mail eJY twl ygvmEdkifwJh tzsuftarSmihf Adkif;&yfpfydk;rTm;awGudk t"du ESdrfeif; ay;jyD; vdkovdk Munhf½I ppfaq;Edkifyg w,f/ http://www.shinyletter.com:
vdyfpmudk roufqdkifolrsm; rod&Sdap &ef ajc&mazsmuf ydYkaqmifay;ygw,f/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

{jyD? 2008

79

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG t0ifpm udk vufcH½Hk oD;oefYom xm;&Sdcsif aom email wpfcu k kd oH;k pGcJ siw f t hJ cg rsKd;rSm tvGef toHk;wnfhygw,f/ http://www.e4ward.com: toHk;rus aom email rsm; tqrwef forward vkyfaqmifaerIudk umuG,fEdkifyg w,f/ http://emailions.com oifhudk ajc&m rcHEikd af pzdYk email vdypf maygif; ajrmuf jrm;pGmudk &,lcGihf jyKxm;ygw,f/ http://www.dodgeit.com:

awGukd oefYpifay;jyD; Inbox udk vHjk cHK apygw,f/ http://www.spamgournet.com: spam awG rw&m;yd k Y aewwf w J h vdyfpmawGudk ESdrfeif;jyD; spam wdkuf

zsufa&; tzGJUtpnf;udk wdkifMum;ay; ygw,f/

http://www.guerrillamail.com: spam email awGudk a&Smif&Sm;csifwJh

tcgrsKd;rSm toHk;0ifygw,f/ http://www.mailexpire.com: email box xJrSm&SdaewJh spam awGudk vrf;

vTJypfapEdkifzdkY toHk;jyKEdkifygw,f/ http://www.mailnator.com: spam

awGudk t"du ESdrfeif;ay;jyD; oihf&JU email vdyfpmtppfeJY csdwfqufjyD; oHk;pGJEdkifygw,f/

Error code trSm;rsm;

400 Bad Request

tifwmeufrmS vdck siw f hJ webpage wpfckudk &SmazGwJh tcgrSm server [m &SmrawGUwm? 'grSr[kwf toHk;jyKcGifh ray;wm 'grSr[kwf toHk;jyKzdkY tcGifh tmPm r&SdwmaMumifh jzpf&wJh trSm; wpfck jzpfygw,f/ 'grS r[kw&f ifvnf; pum;vH;k ½du k w f t hJ cgrSm Oyrm 'yAHoo .com' qdkovdk pmvHk; tMuD;? tao;udk a&maESm½du k rf w d maMumifh awGU&wJh trSm; rsKd;yg/

http://www.pookmail.com: email

vdyfpmav; wpfckudk wpf&ufwm twG u f y J toH k ; jyKcsif w J h t cgrS m tqifajyygw,f/ http://www.spam.la: register vkyf xm;cJhwJh website awGqDuae wpf qihf 0ifa&mufvmwJh spam awGudk ajc&mcHjyD; ESdyfuGyfypfygw,f/ http://www.spambox.us: rdepf oHk; q,fuae wpfESpftwGif; umv twd k i f ; twmwpf c k t xd y J email vdyfpmi,fuav;wpfckudk vdktyf&if sign up vkyfcGihfay;ygw,f/ http://www.spamex.com: wHkYjyefrI r&Sw d hJ email ta,mifaqmif aMumfjim

80

uGefysLwm*sme,f

t0ifpmudkom vufcHEdkifwJh tydk vdyfpmudk &,lEdkifygw,f/ http://www.zoemail.com: spam awG &efuae uif;a0;apzdkY jrihfrm;wJh pDrHcefYcGJrIawGudk vkyfaqmifEdkifwJh tools awG yg0ifxm;w,f/

2. Internet

http://www.gishpuppy.com: oihf&JU omref email vdyfpmudk

tumtuG , f j yKxm;Ed k i f z d k Y t wG u f a&SUrSaeí ta,mifaqmif vdyfpm wpfckeJY umuG,fay;ygr,f/

h t t p : / / w w w. t e m p i n b o x . c o m :

404-Not found

vdkcsifwJh pmrsufESm[m wpfcg wavrSm z,f&mS ;cHxm;&wmrsKd; jzpfEdkif ygw,f / wcsKd U website awG [ m owif; wpfy'k u f kd cPwm azmfjyay;jyD; csufcsif; z,f&Sm;ypfvdkufwmrsKd;aMumifh jzpfEdkifovdk password 'grSr[kwf wm;qD; ydwfyifcH&wJh vdyfpmjzpfwm aMumifh rawGU&wJhtcgrSm jzpfay:vm wwfwJh Error trSm; jzpfygw,f/ 403-For hidden

t"dutm;jzifh password vdktyf wmaMumifh jzpfwwfjyD; wpfcgwavrSm

tJ'D website [m black list rSm yg0if aewJh twGuaf Mumifh ISP u cGirfh jyKwm rsKd;qdk&ifvJ '403-For Hidden' qdkjyD; tjzLtrnf; ta&mifawGeYJ webpage &JU b,fbufaxmifrh mS awGU&ygvdrrfh ,f/ 401-Unauthorized Request wpfcgwavrSm web-page &JU ½Iyf

axG;vSwJh vdyfpm twdtusudk rSwfrd ayr,fh page wcsKdUudkawmh cGihfrjyKbJ &Sw d wfygw,f/ 'Oyrm-www.abc.com' udak wmh Munfch iG afh y;ayr,fh aemufquf wGJ www.abc.com/member_login .php qdkwmrsKd;udkawmh MunfhcGifh&&SdzdkY vHkavmufwJh password eJY username &Sd&ygr,f/ 503 service Unavailable Unavailable qd k w m[m

cHEdkif &nfxuf ausmfvGefjyD; cdkif;apwmrsKd; jzpfygw,f/ Oyrm 'yahoo.com' website udk spam awGeJY ydwfqdkYaecJhcsdefrSm urÇmwpf0ef;vHk;rSm&SdwJh wjcm; yahoo oHk;pGJolawG[m yahoo udk 0dkif;0ef; access vkyfMuwJhtwGuf server [m ½kwfw&ufrSm tvkyfrsm;jyD; down

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oGm;cJ&h ygw,f/ tJ'v D kd tjzpftysufrsKd; udk Google vnf; wpfcgwavjzpfwm MuHKawGUcJh&zl;ygvdrhfr,f/

proxy server is refusing

udk,fh&JU uGefysLwmudk internet csdwfqufay;wJh modem eJY oG,fwef;

xm;wJ h server uG e f y sLwmqd k w m &Sdygw,f/ (tdrfoHk; user awG twGuf uawmh ud k , f u d k , f w d k i f & J U yD p D [ m server jzpfEdkifygw,f/) tJ'D server uGefysLwmuae jyefvnfjyD; network cGJa0ay;wJhtcgrSm server rSm ip address xnfhoGif;wm rSm;,Gif;aecJh&if 'Proxy server is refusing' qd k j yD ; ay:aewwf y gw,f / (Oyrmqd k & if bagan cyber tech cGijfh yKxm;wJh proxy IP [m 'cache_dsl.bagan.net.mm' 'grSr[kwf tJ'v D kd cyfqifqifvyd pf mrsKd; jzpfygvdrhfr,f/)

3. Transfer

MuD;rm;wJh file awGudk ydkYaqmifzdkY enf;vrf; 7 rsKd; tcktcsdefrSm Gmail [m attachment udk 20 MB txd vufoihc f v H u kd f ygjyD/ 'gayr,fh tifwmeuf qufoG,f a&; aES;auG;aewJh tcsdefrsKd;awGeJY Gmail udk oHk;pGJ&cufcJolawG twGuf awmh tdyfrufwpfck jzpfaeqJyg/ tck ae&mawGuae MudK;pm;MunfEh ikd yf gw,f/ http://www.yousendit .com

vlodtrsm;qHk; tcrJh 0efaqmifrI vkyfief; wpfck jzpfygw,f/ account wpfckudk zefwD;p&mrvdkbJ 100 MB txd ydkYaqmifvdkY&ovdk yousendit &JU account wpfck zefwD;vdkufwJh tcg rSmawmh jyD;jynfhpHkwJh zdkifydkYaqmifrI vkyf ief; wpfck &&SdoGm;ygvdrhfr,f/ yousendit xJukd ud, k &fh UJ zdik af wGukd upload wif v d k u f j yD q d k w meJ Y email xJ u d k taMumif;Mum;wJh pmwpfapmifudka&m udk,fydkYvdkufwJh email vdyfpm&SifqDa&m taMumif;Mum;pm a&mufygw,f/ tJ'D

pmxJrSm download &,lEdkifzdkY 'link' taMumif;uav;wpfck (xifxif &Sm; &Sm;) yg0ifygw,f/ tcrJh user awGudk ckepf&ufwmumvtwGuf oHk;pGJcGihf jyKxm;jyD; aMumfjimawGuakd wmh vufc&H ygvdhrfr,f/ wu,fvdkY download limit time ckepf&ufukd MudKufEp S o f ufrI r&Sd&ifawmh wpfvudk 5 a':vmEIef;eJY premium account 0,f,l&ygr,f/

http://www.megaupload .com

tuefYtowfeJY tcrJhay;xm;yg w,f/ 500 MB yrmP zdkifawGudk upload vkyfcGihf &Sdygw,f/ yousendit vdkyJ tcay;eJY tcrJh cJGjcm;xm;wJh file transfering 0efaqmifrI wpfckyg/ 'gh tjyifrSm megaupload toolbar wpfck udk vufaqmif xnfhoGif;ay;xm;jyD; vdt k yfovdk download &,lEikd yf gw,f/ tJ'D tcrJh toolbar [m tifwmeuf ay:rSm &SdwJh megaupload oHk;pGJaewJh vlwdkif;&JU trsm;jynfol Munfh½IcGihf&SdwJh zdik rf eS o f rQukd &SmazGay;ygw,f/ ud, k zhf ikd f awGudk oufqdkifwJhvl rodapcsif&if awmh zip/rar csHKUjyD; password ay;jyD; upload vkyf&ygr,f/ http://www.zupload.com

tvGef vG,u f ½l ;kd pif;wJh enf;ynm awG a Mumif h upload/download eJ Y r,Ofyg;wJv h al wGawmifrS tuRr;f w0if

{jyD? 2008

81

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG http://www.dropsend.com 250 MB tcrJh ay;tyfjyD; wpfv rSm ig;cgxuf renf; upload wifcGihf

&Sdygw,f/ wpfvrSm ig;a':vm ay; oGif;jyD; premium account 0,f,lEdkif ygw,f / 1 GB yrmPeJ Y wjcm; cHpm;cGifhrsm; &&SdEdkifygvdrhfr,f/ jzpfoGm;Edkifygw,f/ 500 MB yrmP txd share vkyfcGihf ay;tyfxm;wJh tjyif tcrJh oHk;pGJolawGudk download day (wpfv) twdkif;twm ay;xm;wJh twGuf pdwfauseyfzG,f&m jzpfygw,f/ 'ghtjyifrSm desktop twGuf client program y½dk*&rfi,fwpfckudk zefwD; ay;xm;&mrSm mac, windows OS ESpfrsKd;pvHk;rSm oHk;pGJEdkifygw,f/

yrmPudk share/transfer vkyfEdkifjyD; vHkjcHKa&; jrihfrm;rIudk vdkcsifwJhvlawG twGuf oihfawmfygw,f/ http://www.mediamax.com Kodak zvifukrÜPD&JU sharing 0efaqmifrw I pfck jzpfygw,f/ tcrJh account twGuf tD;ar;vfvdyfpmav; wpfck &Sdae½HkeJY 25 GB storage ay;tyf jyD; wpfvrSm 10 MB yrmPudkom

ydkYaqmifEdkifygr,f/ wu,fvdkY tuefY towfr&Sd ydkYaqmifcsif&ifawmh $4.95/ month EIef;xm;eJY 0,f,l&ygvdrhfr,f/

http://www.leapfile.com http://www.Mailbigfile.com UK tajcpdkuf Mailbigfile [m yousendit vdk features awG yg0ifyg w,f/ rSwfyHkwifp&m rvdkbJ 100 MB

tcrJh ay;ydkYEdkifygw,f/ wpfESpfudk a':vm 20 avmuf oHk;pGJEdkifr,fqdk&if awmh tuefYtowfr&SdwJh ae&myrmP eJY tcsdefyrmPudk &&SdaprSmyg/ web 2.0 avmurSm txif&Sm;qHk;jzpfwJh 'DukrÜPDi,fuav;[m wpfvrSm user wpfa,mufwnf;qDuae 25 Mudrf 'grS r[kwf tJ'DeJY txufudk download/ upload tcrJh vkyfaqmifaewJh awGUcJh &ifawmh IP udk rSwfom; black list wifwwfygw,f/

82

uGefysLwm*sme,f

ukrP Ü t D oif;tzGUJ awGeYJ pD;yGm;a&; tiftm;pkawGudk &nf&G,fjyD; ay:xGuf vmcJhwJh leapfile udk udk,fydkif oHk;pGJcGifh awGtwGuf rSwfyHkwifpm&if; jznfh&yg r,f/ wpfvrSm 15 a':vmEIef;eJY 1GB

4. Media Player Media player (11) uae AD'D,dk ½kyfyHkawGudk b,fvdk capture zrf;rvJ Media player version (11)

uae 'DAD'D? ADpD'D? AD'D,dk ½kyfyHkawGudk keyboard uae "print screen preview" button eJ Y wd k u f ½ d k u f zrf;MunfhEdkifygw,f/ (a) Windows Media Player (11) udk zGihfyg/ ('grS r [k w f mpeg AD ' D , d k zdkifwpfcktay:rSm Right Click acgufjyD; "open with>windows media player" vdkY zGihfvdkYvnf; &Edkifygw,f/

(b) Media player &JU tay:bm;rSm &SdwJh tools awGxJurS "More options" udk &Smyg/ "Now Playing", "library", "Rip", "Bum",

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG

5. blog blog pnf;urf; 10 csuf

wu,fwrf;ajym&&if blog awG [m online ay:u azsmfajza&; rD'D,m awGygyJ/ offline rSm r*¾Zif;? *sme,f? wDADG? AD'D,dk? oDcsif; *DwawGu vlaerI b0udk jynfhpHkapovkd blog awG[m vnf; online ay:u *sme,fawGtjzpfeYJ netizen awGudkomru avhvmolawG udyk g azsmfajzrI ay;ygw,f/ blog wpfck &JU enf;ynm tedrhftjrihf? tqihf twef;tay: rlwnfjyD; tJ'D blog u ay;tyfwJh &otrsKd;tpm;eJY cHpm;rI twuf t us uG m jcm;oG m ;wmyg/ bloggers awG a&;om;wJh taMumif; t&mawG[m rsKd;pHk&Sdaeygw,f/ wcsKdU awGu uav;awGtwGuf &nf&G,fjyD; [moeJY umwGe;f awG? wcsKdUawGuawmh

usef;rma&;eJY owif;awGyg/ trsm;qHk; a&;om;wwfMuwmuawmh enf;ynmeJY ywfoufwJh owif;awG rsm;ygw,f/ tJ ' D v d k a&;om;aewJ h a e&mrS m (qdkcsifwmu) "Everyone" twGuf &nf&G,fjyD; a&;om;Mu&wmrsKd;qdkawmh vlwdkif;[m oifh blog udk 0ifMunfhrSm

usvmygr,f/ tJ'DxJurS Use video mixing renderer box rSm &SdwJh "user overlays' &JU a&SUrSm &SdwJh trSefjcpfudk jzKwfypfvdkufyg/ (f) jyD;&if OK ESdyfyg/ jyD;&if tjyif

ygyJ/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm rvdkvm;tyfwJh blogspam awG jzpf r vmEd k i f a tmif udk,fh blog &JU owif;awGudk 0ifMunfh r,fh olawGtwGufa&m? blog a&;om; wJh vlawGtwGufa&m udk,fh&JU blog rSm ]razmfjyxm;oihfwJh} pnf;urf; 10 csuf &Sdygw,f/ 1/ emrnftjynfhtpHk? 2/ ol i ,f c sif ; ? om;orD ; ? ud k , f h rdom;pkeJY pD;yGm;a&; vkyfudkifzuf awG&JU emrnftjynfhtpHk? 3/ b,frSm tvkyfvkyfovJ? 4/ b,frSm aexdkifovJ? 5/ w,fvzD ek ;f eJY vufuikd zf ek ;f eHygwf awG? 6/ ta&;MuD;wJh tD;ar;vfvdyfpm? 7/ tem*wfvkyfief;pOf? 8/ ½Hk;XmetwGif;u "mwfyHkeJY tcsuf tvufawG? 9/ um;eJY um;vdik pf ifeyH gwf ponf... 10/ c&D ; oG m ;vuf r S w f (Ed k i f i H u l ; vufrSwfuJhodkY ... )

box rSm 'apply' ESdyfyg/ (g) tckcsdefupjyD; media player 11 eJY print screen zrf;vdkY &ygjyD/

"Sync" pwJh tool wdi k ;f rSm "More options" yg0ifygw,f/ (c) 'More Options' udk click ESdyfyg/ 'Options' box usvmygr,f / 'performance tab' udk a&G;yg/ (d) advanced udk click ESdyfyg/ (e) video Acceleration setting'

{jyD? 2008

83

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG xm;wJh zdik w f pfcu k kd tjyD;wdik f zsuq f ;D ypfygvdrhfr,f/ 6. Windows

toHk;0ifwJh short-cuts key rsm; Short-cuts key awG qdkwmu c&D;vrf;aMumif; wpfcu k kd twdq k ;kH ae&m uae ajraMum½IHUjyD; vkdwJhae&ma&muf atmif oGm;EdkifzdkY zefwD;xm;wJh jzwf vrf;enf;awGygyJ/ tJ'v D kd jzwfvrf;awGeYJ oGm;wJt h cg rSm wpfcgwavrSm jzwfvrf;awG[m trsKd;pHk? trnfpHk &Sdaewmudk awGU&yg vdrrfh ,f/ Oyrmtm;jzifh 'All programs' vkyfief;pOf box udk zGihfzdkYtwGuf 'start' udk click ESdyf&ygw,f/ jzwf v rf ; enf ; taeeJ Y uawmh 'mouse' udi k zf Ykd rvdb k J windows ( ) udk click ESdyf&if yGihfygw,f/ 'kwd, jzwfvrf;uawmh Ctrl eJY Esc udk wGJjyD; ESdyf&if yGihfygw,f/ tck azmfjyxm;wJh jzwfvrf;enf;awG[m 'windows' awG twGufom oD;oefY azmfxkwfxm;wm jzpfvdkY mouse, keyboard, windows pwJh pepfeJY 'hardware' awGtwGuf tusHK;0ifjyD; 'software' awG&JU shortcuts key awGawmh ryg0ifao;yg/ Short-cut key awGudk oHk;pGJzdkYtwGuf uawmh tv,frSm&SdwJh (+) oauFwudk ]wGzJ ufaygif;ESyd &f ef}vdYk rSwx f m;&ygr,f/ 'start' qdw k mudv k nf; keyboard rSm&Sw d hJ 'Windows' logo yHkuav; button eJY twlwlyJ qdkwm rSwf&ygr,f/ Oyrm-Start+Ctrl+F qdw k hJ command rS m start (window) logo yHak v;eJY? Ctrl cvkwef YJ 'F' tu©&moH;k ckukd wGJzuf ESdyfay;&ygr,f/ &v'ftaeeJY ]acG;½kyu f av;eJY windows search box} yGihfvmygvdrhfr,f/ vlodtrsm;qHk; shortcuts key [m

84

uGefysLwm*sme,f

'Ctrl+Alt+Del' yJ jzpfygw,f/ Start + M - zGihfxm;wJh windows awGu csHKUjyD; task bar ay:rSm ae&m

csay;ygvdhrfr,f/ Start + Shift + M - task bar ay:rSm csHKUjyD; cPae&mcsxm;wJh windows awGudk size MuD; jyefcsJUay;ygw,f/ Start + E - Windows &JU tif*sif pufcef;vdkY ac:qdkEdkifwJh windows explorer udk zGihfay;ygw,f/ Start + R - Start menu rSm&SdwJh 'Run' box udk zGihfay;ygw,f/ Start + F - windows search dialog box udk zGihfay;ygw,f/ Start + Ctrl + F - search box udk zGihfay;ygw,f/ wu,fvdkY computer [m network csdwfqufxm;&if computer dialog box udk zGihfay;

Windows program key combination Ctrl + C - rdwåLyGm;ay;ygr,f/ Ctrl + X - wpfae&mrS wpfae&mudk

ul;ajymif; ae&ma&TUzdkYtwGuf tqif oihf jzpfaejyDjzpfwJh vkyfief;pOfyg/ Ctrl + paste - rdwåLyGm;jyD;om; zdkif wpfckudk jyefvnf ae&mcsxm;ay;yg w,f/ Ctrl + Z - undo. vkyfaqmifcJhaom tvkyfudk rESpfoufwJhtcgrSm rlv tajctaetwdkif; jyefa&muf&Sdapyg w,f/ Ctrl + B - document twGif;rSm&SdwJh text awGudk ydkrdkxif&Sm;atmif jyKvkyf ay;ygw,f/ Ctrl + U - document wpfcktwGif;rSm &SdwJh text atmufajcrSm rsOf;om; vdkwJhtcg oHk;Muygw,f/ Ctrl + I - Italic-text awGudk apmif; ay;ygr,f/

ygw,f/ Start + Pause (Break) - System properties dialog box udk zGiafh y;yg

w,f/ F1 - tultnD wpfpHkwpf&m vdktyf&ef ESdyfyg/ Ctrl + Esc - Start Menu udk zGiafh y;yg w,f/ Alt + Tab - zGihfxm;wJh y½dk*&rfawG wpfckeJYwpfcktMum;udk ul;ajymif; tvkyfvkyfapEdkifygw,f/ Alt + F4 - zGihfxm;wJh y½dk*&rfuae xGufcGmapygw,f/ tvkyfvkyfvsuf om; jzpfae&if omrefyHkpHtwdkif; 'save' vk y f r vm;vd k Y ar;ygvd r f h r,f/ Shift + Del - select ay;jyD; a&G;cs,f

Mouse/Keyboard Modifier Shift + right click (wpf c suf ) Right click eJY wlw,f/ active windows &JU display menu udk zGihfay;

w,f/ Shift + Left Click (ES p f c suf ) Alt + Left Click (ES p f c suf ) - zdkif odkYr[kwf folder &JU properties udk

jyay;r,f/ General Keyboard F 10 - menu bar rSm&SdwJh options

awGudk tqifoihf jzpfaeatmif vkyf aqmifay;ygw,f/ Ctrl + Esc - Start Menu udk zGihf ay;ygw,f/

uGeyf sLwmtaxGaxG a&G;cs,fxm;wJh zdkif wpfcktwGuf 'short-cut' zdkifi,f uav;wpf c k jyKvk y f a y;xm;yg w,f/

Shift + F 10 -

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Adobe CS3

Photoshop CS3 tcsdwftquf tul;tajymif; tqifajyrIESifh tm;enf;csuf Photoshop CS3 wGif interface [k ac:Muonfh tcsdwftquf tul; tajymif; rsm;pGm&do S nf/ uHtm;avsmfpmG yif Adobe onf shortcut (keys) rsm;udk rajymif;cJhyg/ odkYjzpfí rnfonfh Photoshop version udk oHk;onfjzpf ap uD;rsm;u twlwlyif jzpfí txl; rSwfom;&ef rvdkyg/ Photoshop \ palettes rsm;udk ,ck CS3 wGif panels rsm;[k ac:xm; onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh palettes tpm; panel [k ajymif;vJac:a0:vdu k í f CS3 \ xl;jcm;rIvnf; jzpfonf/ ¤if;wdkYudk vdktyfvQif zGifhxm;jyD; rvdktyfvQif acwå azsmufxm;Edkifonf/ armufpf uvpf EdyS jf yD; vdo k vdk oH;k Edik o f nf/ Tab key udk oHk;jyD; panels rsm;udk azsmuf xm;ay;Edkifonf/ Screen \ tpGef; ae&mrsm;rS armufpfudk a&SU aemuf ta0; ponf a&GUvsm;jcif;jzifh jyef azmfay;Edkifonf/ odkYr[kwf azsmufxm; Edkifygonf/ Panels rsm;udk drag qGJ ouJhodkY a&TUajymif;ay;EdkifjyD; ukd,fpm; jyK icon rsm;udk uvpf vkyfEdkifygonf/ Adobe onf workspace wnf aqmuf&mwGif ydkrdk tm;omcsufrsm; &dS onf/ Black & White (adjustment command) onf CS3 \ vkyfaqmif csuf topf wpfck jzpfonf/ ¤if;onf ta&mifpHk yHkwpfyHk\ ta&miftaoG; tao;pdwftwdkif; tjzLtrnf;yHktjzpf ajymif;vJay;ygvdrrhf nf/ Sliders rsm;udk a&TUay;jcif;jzifh yHkudk pdwfMudKuf jc,fo ay;Edkifonf/ vG,fulaom aqmif&Guf Edkifcsufjzpfí "mwfyHkorm;rsm;twGuf

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{jyD? 2008

97

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123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 Photoshop CS3 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 tm;omcsuf 123456789012345678 yHkjyKjyifjcif;ESifh ywfoufvQif pGrf;&nf 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 jynfh0aom aqmhzf0Jjzpfonfudk odxm; 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 Muonf/ yHkrsm;udk alignment csdefnd§jcif;ESifh 123456789012345678 tjzLtrnf ;odkY ajymif;vJaom tools rsm; 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 onf yxr wef;pm;rsm;[kyif qdkEdkifonf/ 123456789012345678 Camera Raw module onfvnf; "mwfyHk 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 orm;rsm;twGuf tm;xm;&rnfh aqmif 123456789012345678 &Gufcsuf jzpfonf/ 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 tm;enf;csuf 123456789012345678 tcsdwftquf tul;tajymif; (interface) 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 wGif tpGe;f rsm;ü racsmarGU jzpfaewwfonf? 123456789012345678 Smart-filter function wGif csden f c§d suf tcsKdU 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 onf tqif r ajy jzpf w wf y gonf / 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 aps;EIef; 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 $649; upgrade $199 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 123456789012345678 ukrÜPD 123456789012345678 Adobe Systems (www.adobe.com) 123456789012345678 98

uGeyf sLwm*sme,f

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Photoshop CS3 Extended Photoshop CS3 Extended wGif Photoshop CS3 wGif oHk;onfh tools

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100

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{jyD? 2008 101

REVIEW

InDesign CS3 Adobe \ InDesign CS3 wGif tqifh jr§ifhxm;jcif; rsm;pGm yg0ifvm onf/ aqmif&Gufcsuf topfrsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/ odkY&mwGif 'DZdkif;orm;rsm; u olwdkYtwGuf xl;xl;jcm;jcm; ryg[k qdkMuygonf/ InDesign udk xkwfvkyf cJhonfrSm twefi,f MumjrifhcJhjyD; jzpf aomfvnf; Photoshop uJo h Ykd tm;xm; &rnfh aqmhzf0J wpfck jzpfrvmao;yg/

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102

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{jyD? 2008 103

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104

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Adobe CS3

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av; awGudkyJjzpfjzpf pkpnf;jyD; t,fvf brf vkycf sio f al wGtwGuaf wmh 'my album maker' eJYq& kd if tqifajyygw,f/ homepage rSm yg0ifwJh "get started" udk click ESdyfvkdufwmeJY new window ac:ay;jyD; "mwfyHkt,fvfbrfwpfckudk wnfaqmufEkdifwJh tools awG tpHk tvif ay;tyf x m;wJ h webpage uav;wpfck &&SdvmwJhtcgrSm oif tvdk&SdwJh "mwfyHkuav;awGudk upload wifjyD; pwifEkdifygjyD/

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tvGefvSywJh image av;awGudk upload wifxm;jyD; tcrJh download vkyf,lvdkY&EkdifwJhtjyif "mwfyHkaumif; wpfyHk&&SdzdkY tudk;tum;? vrf;nTefcsuf awGeJY tMuHay;a0zefrIrsm;udkyg &&SdEkdif ygao;w,f/ Spain based web jzpf [efwlwJh 'D site [m "mwfyHkorm;awG wifrubJ 'DZidk ;f yef;csD tEkynmvuf&m awG pdwfyg0ifpm;pGm zefwD;vdkMuwJh vli,fawGtwGufyg oifhawmfwmudk awGY&ygr,f/

http://www. myalbummaker.com

udk,fh&JU "mwfyHkvSvSuav;awGudk yJ jzpfjzpf? tdrfarG;acG;i,f? aMumifi,f

http://www.myanmar-graphicart. net

2007 ckESpftwGif;u trsKd;om; jywkdufrSm usif;yjyKvkyfcJhwJh xdwfxdwf MuJ yef;csD? 'DZkdif; tEkynm&SifawG&JU vuf &mawGeJY jyyGJudk wifqufxm;wJh web page wpfck jzpfygw,f/ jrifah rmif ausmf? ausmfrif;armif pwJh *&yfzpf'ZD idk ;f uRrf;usifynm&SifawG&JU zefwD;rIawGudk wpkwa0;wnf; jrifawGYEkdifwmrdkY ,ck 2008 ckESpfrSmvnf; 'kwd,tMudrf jyef vnfusif;yOD;r,fqdk&if tvGefaumif; rGefwJh tpDtpOfwpfckudk online ay:u ae jrifawGY&OD;rSmyg/

http://www.natures-desktop.com

PC udkoHk;wmjzpfap? Mac udk oHk;

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{jyD? 2008 119

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client/server architecture. uGef&ufay:rS uGefysLwm odkYr[kwf process toD;oD;onf client wpfck odkYr[kwf server wpfck jzpfaeonfh uGef&uf zGJYpnf;wnfaqmufyHk wpf&yf jzpfonf/ Server rsm;onf disk drive (file server) rsm;? y&ifwm (print server) rsm; odYk r[kwf network traffic (network server) rsm;tm; pDrHcefYcGJ&ef wm0ef,lxm;onfh pGrf;tm;aumif;aom uGefysLwmrsm; odkYr[kwf processor rsm; jzpfMuonf/ Client rsm;onf toHk;jyKolrsm;u application rsm;udk run onfh PC rsm; odkYr[kwf workstation rsm; jzpfMuonf/ Client rsm;onf zkdifrsm;? device rsm;ESifh processing power rsm;uJhodkY resource rsm; &,l&ef server

rsm;tay: rS D c k d t m;xm;Mu&onf / uG e f & uf z G J U tpnf ; wnfaqmufyHk aemufwpfrsKd;udk peer-to-peer architecture [k ac:Muonf/ taMumif;rl node toD;oD;wGif wef;wl &nfwl wm0efrsm;&SdaeaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ Client / server ESihf peer-to - peer architecture ESprf sKd;udk us,fus,fjyefYjyefY toH;k jyKMuonf/ zGUJ pnf;wnfaqmufyt kH oD;oD;wGif uk, d yf ikd f tm;omcsuf tm;enf;csufrsm;&SdMuonf/

ynma&;ESifh qufET,faom clip art rsm;udk 0,f,l toHk;jyK Ekdifonf/ clipboard. Text ESihf *&yfzpfrsm;twGuf ,m,Dor d ;f qnf;&m ae&m jzpfonf/ oifonf text odkYr[kwf yef;csDum;wpfpdwf wpfydkif;udk jzwfawmufNyD; clip board wGif odrf;qnf;Ekdif onf/ okdYr[kwf rdwåLul;NyD; clipboard wGif odrf;qnf; Ekdifonf/ tjcm;wpfpHkwpf&mudk clipboard wGif jzwfodrf;

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uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef (2) Windows 3.1 wGif vuf&Sdtcsdefem&Dudk jyo&ef clock [kac:aom utility wpfck yg&Sdonf/ ¤if;udkoHk;&ef Accessories group xJ&Sd clock icon udk double-click vkyf&onf/ Windows 95 onf tcsdefem&Dudk screen \ nmbuf tay:axmifhwGif azmfjyay;onf/ aeY&ufukd od&ef twGuf mouse pointer udk ¤if;ae&may:wGif csdef&G,fxm; vkdufNyD; cPrQ apmifhvdkufygu aeY&ufudk azmfjyxm;aom pmwef; ay:vmonf/ Windows 95 wGif tcsdefem&Dudk ajymif;vJ jyifqifvdkygu tqkdygae&mwGif mouse \ right button udk click vkyfvkdufygu screen ay:vmNyD; vkdovdk jyifqifEkdifonf/

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close. uGefysLwmrSwfÓPfxJrS zkdifwpfck? y½dk*&rfwpfckudk z,f&Sm;jcif; odkYr[kwf zefom;jyifay:rS window wpfcktm;

z,f&Sm;jcif;udk ac:onf/ closed architecture. (1) pHcse d pf ñ H eT ;f rsm;ukd vGwv f yfpmG

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CML. Computer Managed Learning udk Munfhyg/ CMOS. ]]pD;armhfpf}}[k toHxGufonf/ Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor udk twkdaumuf ac:qkdjcif;

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{jyD? 2008 121

uGeyf sLwmtbd"mef twGuf CMOS onf standard MOS xuf density avsmhenf;onf/ Logic family wpfcktjzpf CMOS onf atmufyg tm;omcsufrsm; zefwD;ay;onf/ Ä vQyfppf"mwftm; vkdtyfcsuf enf;yg;onf/ (1.5 AdkYcefYom vkdtyfonf/) Ä qlnHoH azsmufzsuf&mwGif aumif;rGefxl;jcm;onf/ Ä tjcm; CMOS "mwfpD;ywfvrf;rsm;odkY jzefYMuuf&mwGif jrefqefonf/ Ä vQyfppf"mwftm; twuftusudk aumif;pGm cHEkdif&nf &So d nf/ wefz;dk enf; power supply toH;k jyKcGiahf y;onf/ Ä jrifhrm;onfh tylcsdefrsKd; cHEkdif&nf &Sdonf/ rnfodkY qkdap umrl P – channel ESifh N – channel x&efppöwm ESpfrsKd; vH;k udk vdt k yfonft h wGuf xkwv f yk af &; vkyif ef;pOftqifh rsm; ykdrdk aqmif&Gufay;&onfh tm;enf;csuf &Sdonf/ tajccHtm;jzifh oD;jcm; MOS jzpfonfh x&efppöwm ESpv f ;kH twGuf ae&mykrd x kd m;&Sad y;&onf/ CMOS enf;ynmonf avaMumif;ysHoef;rIqkdif&m vkyfief;rsm;ESifh "mwftm; oH;k pGrJ I enf;yg;NyD; tvG,w f ul a&TUajymif;Ekid rf &I &dS ef vdt k yf aom tjcm;pepfrsm;twGuf oifhawmfonf/ CMOS onf (tNrJwrf; bufx&Djzifh vnfywfaom) tDvuf x&Gefepf ud&d,mwpfckjzpfNyD; rdrd\uGefysLwmESifhqkdifonfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk odrf;qnf;ay;onf/ CMOS xJwGif odr;f qnf;xm;aom tcsut f vufrsm;xJwiG f (uGeyf sLwmwGif em&D xnfx h m;ygu) vuf&dS &ufp?JG tcsdeEf iS hf rdr\ d uGeyf sLwm wGif yg&Sdaom disk drive rsm;\ta&twGufESifh trsKd;tpm; rsm; yg0ifMuonf/ bufx&DcsKdU,Gif;rIpepf tHacsmfrIrsm; aMumifh CMOS ysupf ;D oGm;onft h cg hard drive udk toH;k jyK í r&awmhbJ tcsuftvufrsm;onf disk xJrS xl;qef;pGm aysmufuG,foGm;onf/ PC Tools uJhokdY utility y½dk*&rf tcsKdUwGif aysmufqHk;oGm;onfh okdYr[kwf ysufpD;oGm;onfh CMOS tcsuftvufrsm; jyefjznfw h if;&ef enf;vrf;wpf&yf yg&SdNyD; CMOS bufx&Drsm;tm; prf;oyfMunfhí &aponf/ CMYK. Cyan, magenta, yellow, black udk Munfhyg/ coaxial cable. ESpfyifESifh

txuf yg&Sdaom 0kdif,mBudK; wpfacsmif; jzpfonf/ BudK;ESpfacsmif;udk iHkxm;aomfvnf; wpfcEk iS w hf pfck tylrpD;atmif Mum;wGif vQyfumypön;f cHxnfh xm;onf/ (yHkwGif Munfhyg/) tjyifbufrS 0kdif,mBuKd;udk tNrJwrf;tm;jzifh tyfBudK; (earthed wire) tjzpf pDrH xm;&So d nf/ odYk jzifh tjcm;vQyfppfu&d , d mrsm;tm; cvkwyf w d f

122

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tqifhjrifh uGefysLwmy½dk*&rf bmompum;wpfck jzpfonf/ COBOL source program wkdif;wGif tydkif;av;ydkif; cGJjcm; xm;onf/ (1) Indentification Division onf source program ESifh compilation wpfck\ output udk &SmazG owf rSwaf y;onf/ (2) Environment Division onf uGeyf sLwm trsKd;tpm;wpfck\ pGrf;aqmifEkdifaom tcsufrsm;ay:wGif trSjD yKaeaom data processing problem wpfc\ k toGijf yif ukd owfrSwfay;onf/ (3) Data Division onf object programe u output tjzpf xkwaf y;&rnfh input ESihf manipulate, create or produce jyKvkyfay;&rnfh data rsm;udk azmfjyay;onf/ (4) Procedure Division onf object program u vkyf aqmif&rnfh tpDtpOfrsm;udk wduspmG owfrw S pf pD Ofay;onf/ COBOL bmompum;t& jyKpkxm;aom erlemy½dk*&rfrSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfonf/ 00510 Procedure division 00520 START – IT 00530 open input – in – file 00540 open output – out – file 00550 Do – it 00560 move space to check - register 00570 Rad in – file at end Go to End – it. 00580 move amount to amount – out 00590 move CHK - NUMBER TO CHK number out 00600 move month to month – out 00610 move month to month – out 00620 move Day- in to Day – out 00630 move year to year out 00640 write check – Register 00650 ent it 00660 CLOSE – IN – FILE, OUT – FILE 00670 STOP RUN

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(REVIEW)

THE ORANGE BOX

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{jyD? 2008 125

(CONCEPT)

DOOR OF DECEPTION

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126

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(CONCEPT) Life 2, Episode 1, Episode 2 ) eJY Team Fortress 2 *drf;topfwdkYudk Portal eJY pkpnf;um Orange Box 5 in 1 *dr;f tjzpf

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{jyD? 2008 127

(REVIEW)

1996 ckESpfrSm Nintendo u Super Mario 64 eJY genre *dr;f trsKd;tpm; yHkpHudk jyefvnfjyifqif owfrSwfay; vkdufw,f/ vrf;aMumif;&Sm ckefysHoGm; vm&wJh platform games udk wwd, twkdif; xnfhay;í oHk;zufjrif jyKvkyf ay;vk d u f w myg/ Gameplay t& awmfvSefazmufxGufrI jzpfcJhw,f/ xdkrS pí q,fhwpfESpftwGif; Nintendo tygt0ifukrÜPD rsm;pGm[m 64 tm; txl;wvnfjzpfapwJh arSmfyOövufudk zrf;qkyfEkdifzdkY&m MudK;pm;cJhMuw,f/ tcsKUd vnf; atmifjrifw,f/ tcsKUd vnf; us½HI;w,f/ tJ'gawGtm;vHk; xm;&pfcJh awmh/ 64 u 'D genre udk jyefvnf jyifqif owfrSwf ay;wmqd&k if Galaxy u ¤if;udk jyD; jynfh pHk oGm; atmif jyKvkyfay; vkdufwmyJ jzpf& r,f/ Perfect Control

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128

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(REVIEW)

{jyD? 2008 129

(REVIEW)

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130

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Amazing Visuals

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yxr wpfem&Davmuf upm;jyD; awmh vG,v f eG ;f wm[m tenf;i,f pdwf ysupf &mjzpfw,f/ Level awG jzwfomG ; &wm½dk;w,f/&efolawG okwfoif&wm avjynfvdkyJ/ Boss taumifMuD;awG usawmhvnf; tvG,fav;eJY oHk;csuf xdjyD;avQma&m/ r[kwfyg/ tJ'Dvdk r[kwfyg/ Review a&;olu yHkpHwl ,cif *drf;awG upm;cJhwm rsm;vGef;vdkY vG,fyHk ayguf aewmygyJ/ Wii *drf; jzpfaeayr,fh PC ay: a&mufvmwJt h cgus&ifawmh upm; Mu&rSmaygh/

(REVIEW)

MuD;rm;wJh level tcef; 0ef;usif? ajcvsifwyfom;ESifh armfawmf,mOfrsm; wkdufyGJwdkYtay: tm½Hkpdkufjcif;tm;jzifh Frontlines: Fuel of War qdkwm Battlefield pD;&D;&JU ajcvSrf;twkdif;vkduf eif;xm;aom *drf;jzpfw,f/ Developer Kaos Studio udk,fwkdifu Battlefield 2 udk jyKvkyaf y;cJw h mqdak wmh xdk *drf;rsm;eJY qifwlaewm rqef;yg/ odyf ra0;awmhaom tem*wfrSm urÇm&JU aemufqHk;vufusef a&eH&if;jrpfudk xde;f csKyfzYkd Western Coalition eJY Red Star Alliance tMum; ppfyGJtaMumif;yJ jzpfw,f/ pdwf0ifpm;p&m ukd,fykdif qef;opf azmufxGufrIav;rsm;awmh

yg&Sdw,f/ Single eJY multi-player ESpfykdif;pvHk; tm;aumif;yDjyifw,f/ Designer awGu 'D FPS udk teD; uyf infantery combat rSonf jyif; xefaom ukef;aMumif;? avaMumif; vehicles battles rsm;txd tm;vHk; yg0ifapcsifw,f/ ajz&Si;f p&mar;cGe;f u jrefqefaom enf;AsL[mvIy&f mS ;rI? tzGihf oabm gameplay eJY ,mOfEiS v hf ufeuf rsm; tm;vHk; aygif;pyfay;EkdifzdkY&m jzpf w,f/ usOf;ajrmif;usyfnyfaom jrdKUjy ajcvsifwkdufyGJrSonf MuD;rm; us,fjyefY wJh oHcsyaf rmfawmf,mOf wku d yf rJG sm;txd awGYMuHK cHpm;&rIrsm; pHkvifapcsifw,f/ tzGJYtpnf;pdwf teamwork ukdvnf;

jr§ifhwifí ajryHk&JU oD;oD;oefYoefY 0ef; usiftwGif;rS action udkyJ tm½Hkpdkufap vdkw,f/ 'grS wpfa,mufa,mufudk owfzdkY ajryHkay: OD;wnf&mrJh oGm;ae p&m rvdo k vdk aemufxyf bmqufvyk f &r,fqdkwm rSef;qaezdkY rvdkawmhrSm aygh/ 'gudk ajz&Si;f zdYk 'DZidk ef mawG ac:a0: azmfxw k cf w hJ mu frontline game mechanic qdkwJht&m jzpfw,f/ Map wpfckpDrSm objectives rsm; pD;&D;twGJ vkdufjzifh zGJYpnf;xm;w,f/ Mum;aejzpf Ekid o f vdW k estern Coalition odYk r[kwf Red Star Alliance wpfzufzufu ykdif wmvnf; jzpfEkdifw,f/ 'DpD;&D; twGJ wpfcpk u D frontline a&SUwef;a'o wpf ckudk ukd,fpm;jyKw,f/ vuf&Sd frontline twGif;yg0ifaom objectives rsm; om ouf0ifvIyf&Sm;rI&SdjyD; captured vkyfEkdifr,f/ Frontline wpfcktwGif; objectives tm;vHk; b,fvdka&SUaemuf

{jyD? 2008 131

(REVIEW)

tpDtpOfeYJyjJ zpfjzpf qkyu f idk jf yD;pD;&if ydí k &efvadk ome,fajrtwGi;f ydí k euf½iId ;f pGm wdk;0if a&muf&Sdr,f/ aemufxyf frontline wpfckay:vmr,faygh/ xdka&SUwef; front udk &efol tajcpkdufpcef;txd wGef;ydkY&if; odrf;ykduf xdef;csKyfEkdif&if atmifyGJ&jyD/ Objectives trsK;d tpm;awGuDestroy objectives &efol tajc

pku d pf cef;twGi;f xd;k azmufjyD; ypfrw S rf mS azmufcaJG &;ypön;f awGqifzYkd avaMumif; umuG,fa&;pcef;rSonf yg0g*sifea& wmtxd &Sdr,f/ wpfzuf&efoltaeeJY ¤if;azmufcGJrIudk jyefjyifjyD;wJhtcg objective udk jyefodrf;Ekdifr,f/ Secure objectives-

e,fajrwpfcu k kd vHjk cHK odr;f ydu k x f m; &r,f/ 'D objective rSm squad tzGJYu owfrw S u f mvtwGi;f &efvw kd hJ tzGYJawG r&Sdatmif xdef;&r,f/ 'Dae&mrSm teamwork u pum;ajymw,f/ Teammates tkyfpkMuD;av e,fajrwpfck secure jzpf zdkY&m trsm;MuD; ydkjrefavyJ/ Control objectives 'D objective rSm

132

upm;ol wpfOD;

uGefysLwm*sme,f

wpfa,mufrS &efo&l UJ taxGaxG tjym; jym;aom tDvufx&Gefepfypönf;awG udik w f , G x f ed ;f ausmif;zdYk txdik cf s&r,f/ odrf;,lzdkY&m uGefysLwmpcef;rSonf j*dK[fwpk avmif;awGxd yg&Sw d ,f/ 'Dpuf awGukd wpfMudrrf mS upm;olwpfa,muf uom wHkYjyefqufoG,fEkdifwmaMumifh tcsdeftawmfMum,l&w,f/ 'gaMumifh oifu keypad rSm ESdyfaecsdef OD;acgif;

aemufxJ usnfqef0ifoGm;jcif;rS a&Smif &Sm;EkdifzdkY oifh&JUtzGJYrS apmifhMuyf Munfh ½Iay;zdkY tvGefta&;MuD;ygw,f/ vufeufawGxJrSm dronetech u pdw0f ifpm;p&maumif;w,f/ &eforl jrif atmif ykef;atmif;aepOf oifu wkdufyGJ 0if ½akd bmhpuf½yk u f kd ta0;rSxed ;f ausmif; armif;ESií f wku d cf u dk Ef idk w f ,f/ Drones awGu wifhum;awG zsufqD;Ekdifw,f/ [,fvDaumfywmawG ypfcsEkdifw,f/ jydKifbuf&JUumuG,fa&; defense udk zsufqD;EkdifjyD; trdk;ay:u pdwf taESmifh t,Sufay;vGef;aom pEdkufygorm;udk z,f&Sm;ypfEkdifapr,f/ upm;oltaeeJY ae&mav;ae&mxd wpfjydKifwnf; &Sdae apzdkY&m cGifhjyKw,f/ oifu squd zGJYjyD; multiplayer upm;&if dronetech player ukd oifhbuf &Sdaejcif;[m tjrJtm; jzifh yg;eyfaoma&TUuGuf jzpfygw,f/ Western Coalition &JU rdk;ysH MQ 38 Hunter Drone [m wkdufyGJ0ef;usif ü uif;axmufjyD; &efoltiftm;pk &Sd onfh ae&mrsm;udk uk, d b hf ufom; units tm;vHk;odkY vufqifhurf;ay;w,f/ aygufuyJG pön;f ti,fpm;av;awGygjyD; &efoel YJ taqmufttHak wGudk ypfcwfEidk f ao;w,f/

(REVIEW) TC1 Tiger Claw Attack Drone

ydkjyD; tqifhjrifhaom drones awG u AQ pD;&D; wku d cf u dk af &; AQ 43, Assault Drone rSm 7.62 mm minigun yg w,f/ ukd,fhbufom; wyfzGJYtwGuf umypfay;&if; &efol infantry awG wkdufckdufzdkY taumif;qHk;yJ/ uwk w f u sif ; eJ Y oH c syf tum tuG,f xlxyfaom ypfrw S af wGtwGuf AQ432 Motor Drone u ppfom;awG &JU taumif;qHk;rdwfaqG AQ431 uJhodkY wifhum;,uf bD; twin-tread txdkif ukdyJ oHk;w,f/ Minigun ae&mrSmawmh 60 mm motor tajr§mufwyfxm;w,f/ Red Star Alliance drone buf rSmvnf; pdwfMudKufoHk;p&m tawmfrsm; rsm; &Sdw,f/ TR1 Tiger Runner Assault Drone [m Red Star awGbufu taumif;qHk;aomantivehicle weapon/ uav;upm;p&meJY wlaumif;wl ayr,f h TR1 u vuf & S d p pf a jrjyif twGi;f b,fv, dk mOfrsKd;rqdk zsufq;D Ekid f avmufwJh aygufuGJpGrf;tm;&Sdw,f/ t&G,fvGefbD;eJY ajrodkYukyfwG,f tm; aumif;aom 'DZkdif;aMumifh b,fvdk ae&mrsKd;rqdk oGm;Ekdifw,f/ TE1 Tiger Eye Recon Drone u t&yfom; ta0;xdef; RIC helicopter udk rGrf;rHxm;wmyg/ a&'geJY

&efolwnfae&mawG uif;axmufay; w,f / azmuf c G J a &;twG u f flying bomb vnf;jzpfw,f/

u TE1 udk tqifjh r§ix hf m;wmyg/ ½dw k m 'vuf 'kwd,wpfpHkxyfxnfhxm;vdkY ukdifwG,fxdef;ausmif; &ydkaumif;w,f/ ab;ESpfzufrSm a&mhuwfvTihfpOf >yef acsmif; ajcmufckygvdkY wkduf&nfckduf&nf aumif;w,f/ Drones awGu pGrf;tm; xufjyD; bufpHkoHk;vdkY&ayr,fh wpfzuf apmif;eif; rjzpfatmif wefjyefwJh enf; awGawmh yg&Sdygao;w,f/ 'gawG[m frontlines *drf;twGif; awGYMuHKcHpm;&rI trsKd;rsKd; jzefYMuufay;aom mechanic ,EÅ&m;rsm;xJu tcsKdUwpf0ufygyJ/

B 2, R 3 Myanmar Info-Tech Park Hlaing Campus, Hlaing Tsp Yangon, Myanmar (+95) 1 652264 ext:15 www.yomatechnologies.com

The Best Opportunity for You! Are you: • • • • • •

Interested in Computer Programming? Good at Mathematics and English? A logical thinker? Energetic, motivated, and enthusiastic to learn? Do you have problem-solving ability? Commitment to continuous improvement?

Knowledge of Java and J2EE is an advantage but not necessary

What we offer: • • • • • •

On the Job training up to international standard in Java. A chance to work on projects from abroad. English lessons. Top salaries once training completed. Profit share. Only applicants who are prepared to sign a contract for 3 years should apply.

{jyD? 2008 133

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

Photoshop

jzwfvrf;enf;rsm; t&mtm;vH;k jidru f somG ;w,f/ *d;k aygufxo J Ykd abmvH;k u pvd;k rd;k &Si;f eJY 0ifomG ;csed f jrifuiG ;f xJu tjcm;t&mawGtm;vH;k a00g;oGm;w,f/ Photoshop jzwf v rf ; enf ; u@eJ Y ywf o uf v d k Y uRefawmf tjrJwrf;oGm;csifaewJh vrf;aMumif;u w&m;ao qefaom step by step enf;vrf;awGxuf b,fvdkoabm aMumifh b,fvdk effect &atmif vkyf&ovJqdkwJh aemufcH taMumif;w&m; rationale awGudk yg;yg;av; [ay;csifwm ygyJ/ ,ckv wifjyr,fh shortcut u tEkynmajrmuf "mwfyHk q&m fine-art photographers awG az;b&dwjf zpfwhJ ud&, d m tilt-shift effect jzpfygw,f/ pdwful;MuHpnfyHku ½kyfyHkrS jywf jywfom;om; tm½HkpkdufapvdkwJh? sharp focus jzpfapvdkwJh usOf;ajrmif;aom tykdif;udkom olYtwkdif;xm;jyD; usefwmudk 0g;ypfzdkY jzpfygw,f/ &v'fawGuawmh txl;jyK tm½Hkpkdufap vdw k hJ subject u xif&mS ; jywfom;vmw,f/ vIy&f mS ;rI wpfck ckrS tvSqHk;? taumif;qHk; tckduftwefYav;udk xm0&tcsdef twkdif;twmtwGuf qGJqefY zrf;,lvkdufovdk oufjidrfqef oGm;w,f/ aemuf jrwfE;kd ½Icsipf zG,f scale model tao;pm;

yHpk iH ,fav;vdv k nf; jzpfomG ;ygw,f/ 'gudk "mwfy½kH u kd , f zl Ykd&m aps;MuD;wJh tilt-shift lens vdktyfw,f/ 'gayr,fh oifu ½dk; pif;aom photoshop vSnfhuGuf twwfav;eJYwifvnf; jzpfatmif vkyfvdkY&ygw,f/ tqihf «1» oifh&JU"mwfyHkudk photoshop odkY scan vkyf import oGif;,lyg/ Q udk ESdyfjyD; Quick mask mode xJ0ifyg/

tqihf «2» Gradient tool (G) udk a&G;yg/ Reflected Gradient rSm

xm;yg/

134

uGefysLwm*sme,f

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm tqihf «4» Filter menu rS blur filter ay;yg/ Focus vkyfvdkwJh {&d,mrSm uvpfESdyfjyD; ½kyfyHk&JU 0g;vdk aombufodkY drag qGJoGm;yg/

tqihf «3» Q udk xyfESdyfjyD; mask udk tjyD;owfyg/ Selection udk Inverse vkyfyg/

tqihf «5» tjcm; artistic effect twGuf (Ctrl+U) eJY color cast ay;csifay;Ekid w f ,f/ 'D effect tay:tajccHjyD; trsKd;rsKd; qyGm; qef;opf prf;oyfMunfhyg/ enf;pepft& &Sif;vGef;ayr,fh &v'fuawmh xl;jcm;ygw,f/ The end justify the means qdkwJh qdk½dk; pum;twdkif;ygyJ/

{jyD? 2008 135

Word Annoyance

pdwftaESmifht,Sufjzpfp&m Word jyóem tcef; (3) tykdif; (2) t*Fvdyfpm pmvHk;MuD; a&G;cs,frI tcuftcJ Annoyance

t*Fvyd pf m pmvH;k MuD; a&G;cs,fru I kd Word rS tpOfwpku d f vkyaf ecJo h nf/ rdru d , dk w f idk f a&G;cs,rf x I uf Word \ a&G;cs,f rIudk vufcHae&ouJhodkY jzpfae&onf/ Fix

rdrdukd,fwkdif a&G;cs,frItwkdif;jzpfap&ef Auto Correct rS tvdktavsmuf zefwD;ay;rIudk jyefvnfwm;jrpf ydwfyif rI jyKvkyf½Hkom &Sdonf/ ydkjyD; jrefjrefqefqef jzpfapvkdygu Ctrl + Z ukd ESdyf,lyg/ odkYr[kwf Edit rSwpfqifh Undo udk oGm;jyD; rvkdvm;aom ajymif;vJrIrsm;udk wm;qD;Edkifonf/ Tools rSwpfqifh Auto Correct odkY oGm;um '' Capitalize first letter of sentences [lonft h csuu f kd box xJwiG f uncheck trSwftom; jyKvkyfay;&rnf jzpfonf/ tu,fí Word 2003 ESifh Word XP jzpfygu 'Capitalize first letter of table cells' udv k nf; uncheck vkyaf y;&rnf/ (¤if;tcsuf onf Word 2000 wGif ryg&Sday/) tu,fí vdktyfvQif 'Capitalize names of days' udk yif uncheck trSwftom; jyay;&ygrnf/ 'Replace text as you type' xnhfoGif;csufrsm; pm&if; udk scan vkyf,lum rdrd roHk;vdkaom acronyms ESifh entries rsm;udk delete vkyfay;&rnf/

rvdktyfaom vk d j cif ;

Copyright Symbols

uGefysLwm*sme,f

þokdYjzpfaejcif;onf built-in Auto Correct entry rS rdrt d wGuf copyright symbol udk tvG,w f ul xnfo h iG ;f Edik f a&;twGuf vkyfaqmifay;aejcif; jzpfonf/ xkdYtwl (r) udk ½du k , f yl guvnf; registration symbol xGuv f mrnfjzpfum (tm) ½du k v f Qif trademark symbol xGuv f mrnfom jzpfonf/ tqkdygudpörsm; rjzpfapvkdvQif Tools rS Auto Correct Options odkY oGm;um Auto Correct tab udk ESdyfvkduf& rnf/ Replace box twGi;f rS (c) entry udk click vkyí f vnf; aumif;? With box twGif;rS copyright symbol udk click vkyfívnf;aumif; jyKvkyfum Delete cvkwfudk ESdyfay;vkduf &onf/ tu,fí Auto Correct rSwpfqifh copyright symbol udk xnho f iG ;f Edik af pvkad o;vQif Replace box twGi;f rdrMd udKufEpS o f uf&m entry udk ½du k o f iG ;f ay;Ekid o f nf/ (Copyright symbol onf With box wGif qufvuf wifay;xm;yg vdrhfrnf/) xkdYaemuf Add button udk ESdyf,l&onf/ Auto Correct box udk OK ESdyf&if; ydwf,lvdkufEkdifygvdrhfrnf/ AutoCorrect Entries

rsm;udk tjcm; uGefysLwmodkY

ajymif ; a&T U , l j cif ; Annoyance

rlvuGefysLwmwGif AutoCorrect list ydkifqkdifxm;&SdjyD; jzpfaomfvnf; aemufuGefysLwmtopfwGif r&Sdao;ojzifh ajymif;a&TU,l toHk;csvdkygonf/

rsm; vGwfajrmuf

Annoyance Document xJudk (a) (b) ESifh (d) rsm; ½dkufonfhtcg rnfodkYaom jyóemrQ r&Sdaomfvnf; (c) udk ½dkufonfhtcg copyright symbol tjzpf word rS ajymif;vJypfwwfonf/

136

Fix

Fix

vkyfudkifaqmif&GufEkdifonfh enf;vrf;awmfawmfrsm;rsm; &Sdygonf/ Word taejzifh rdr\ d AutoCorrect rsm;ukd ae&m ESpfckwGif odrf;qnf;xm;avh &Sdonf/

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm Ä

rdrd\user profile twGif;&Sd Application Data\ Microsoft\ Office [lonfh folder wGif .ACL extension wpfcE k iS t hf wl text file wpfct k xJü unformatted AutoCorrect entries rsm;udk odkrSD;xm;onf/ (Windows Explorer twGi;f rS folder udk zGi& hf eftwGuf Start udk a&G;jyD; Run odkY oGm;um % user profile% \Application Data\Microsoft\Office [lí pm½dkufoGif; ay;vkduf&onf/ xkdYaemuf Enter udk ESdyfay;&rnf/) file trnfrSm MSOnnnn.ACL jzpfonf/ ¤if;wGif nnnn onf rdrd toHk;csvsuf &Sdaom language twGuf code ESihf udu k n f aD prnf jzpfonf/ U.S Engilsh twGuf code onf 1033 jzpfaomaMumifh file name onf MSO 1033.ACL jzpfomG ;onf/ Ä Format vkyfxm;onfh AutoCorrect entries rsm;onf Normal.dot twGif; odrf;qnf;xm;onf/ ¤if;onf rdrd\ user templates twGif;&Sdaeygonf/ (user template rnfonfhae&mwGif&Sdonfudkrod&Sdygu Tools udk a&G;jyD; options odkY oGm;um file location tab udk ESdyf vdkufygu User template udk &rnf/) ¤if;wdYk ukd od&jdS yD;ygu .ACL file ESihf Normal.dot wkYd ukd copy vkyfjyD; topfuGefysLwmay:odkY oifhavsmfonfh folders rsm;jzifh vTJajymif;,lvkduf½Hkom&Sdonf/ xkdodkY vkyfaqmif jcif;ESiyhf wfoufí tjcm;enf;vrf;oH;k ckvnf; &Syd gao;onf/ Ä Support.dot twGif;rS AutoCorrect Backup macro udk toHk;jyK&onf/ Office \ xnhfoGif;rI tjynfhtpHk ESifhtwl yg0ifaeonfh template wpfckudk &&Sdrnfjzpf onf/ (¤if; template onf Office folder &Sd Macros folder twGif; &Sdaeapygvdrhfrnf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh C:\ Program Files/Microsoft Office\Office11\ Macros

jzpfonf/ tu,fí ¤if;udk &SmazGrawGU&Sdygu Start rS wpfqifh Search udk oGm;jyD; &Sm,lEkdifonf/ ¤if;tay: wGif tajccHxm;aom document topfwpfckudk zGifh&ef Support.dot udk double-click vkyfay;vkduf&onf/ AutoCorrect Backup cvkwfudkESdyfjyD; rdrd Auto Correct entries rsm;\ backup copy wpfck zefwD;,ljcif; twGuf qufvuf vrf;nTeo f nft h wkid ;f aqmif&u G o f mG ; &rnf/ topfuGefysLwmay:wGif Support.dot ay:&Sd document topfwpfcu k kd zGijhf yD; Auto Correct cvkwf udk click vkyfum Restore udk click vkyfay;&onf/ þae&mwGiv f nf; Auto Correct entries rsm; jyefvnf odrf;qnf;Ekdifa&; vkyfief;pOf tqifhqifhtwkdif; quf

vuf aqmif&u G af y;&ygonf/ þenf;onf ½d;k &Si;f onf? odkYaomf foolproof: taejzifhrl tmr rcHEkdifay/

vuf

wkYd

t

nTe;f

tu,fí search rS Support.dot udk &SmrawGUcJhygu install vkyf,l&onf/ Start rS Control Panel odkY oGm;? Add or Remove Program udk zGifhjyD; Office item udk a&G; um Change button udk click vkyfay;vdkuf&onf/ jyD;vQif Add or Remove Features Option udk a&G;,l&rnf/ Office 2003 jzpfygu 'Allow advanced customization of application' udk check trSwt f om; jyK&onf/ ¤if;atmuf wGif Word item ESifh Wizards ESifh Templates item [lí qifch x JG m;onf/ More Templates and Macros ukd click vkyfum 'Run from My Computer' udk a&G;ay;&rnf/ þenf;jzifh installation tpDtpO fjyD;ajrmufoGm;aponf/ tu,fírsm; uGefysL wmay:odkY installation files rsm; r&&Sdygu Office CD \ tultnDudk ,l&rnf jzpfonf/ Ä

Save My Settings Wizard udv k nf; toH;k jyKEkid o f nf/

Ä

(tcef; 1wGif uGeyf sLwmwpfcrk S tjcm;uGeyf sLwm ajymif; a&TU,lyHkudk jyefvnf avhvmMunhfEkdifonf/) Location rQa0&&Sd&ef Word Setting ESifh key files rsm;udk save vkyfjyD; topfuGefysLwmwGif restore jyefvkyfonfh oabmyifjzpfonf/ Files and Setting Transfer Wizard udv k nf; toH;k jyK Ekdifonf/ (Start rS All Programs odkYoGm; Accessories udk a&G;jyD; System tools rSwpfqifh Files and Settings Transfer Wizard udk ac:,l oHk;Ekdifonff/) Windows application setting udk wpfckrS wpfckodkY ajymif;,lonfhyHkpHyif jzpfonf/

vuf

wkYd

t

nTe;f

tjcm; jzpfEkdifp&m enf;vrf;rSm rdrdtvdk&Sdí odrf;xm;vdk aom AutoCorrect entries rsm;udk extracts vkyfxm; onfh macro wpfck zefwD;,ljcif;jzpfonf/ tao;pdwf vkyif ef;pOfukd tcef; (8)wGif 'Export Your AutoCorrect Entries' jzifh jrifawGUMu&ygvdrhfrnf/

{jyD? 2008 137

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm rsm;ESifh pyg,f&S,f Characters rsm; xnhf

Symbols

oG i f ; jcif ; Annoyance Insert rSwpfqifh Symbol udk xnhf&mwGif character set awG ajymif;oGm;jyD; scroll rsm;vkyf&? click rsm; vkyf&ESifh tvkyf½Iyfaeygonf/ Symbol dialog box udk jzwfjyD; special characters rsm;udk tvG,fulqHk;enf;vrf;jzifh jznhfoGif;

,lvkdygonf/ Fix

Ä

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Ä

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138

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Hard Space

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tqkdyg feature udk vkyfudkifay;ygonf/ okdYaomf xkdodkY vkyfudkifaqmif&Gufjcif;udk 'nonbreaking' spaces [k ac:qkd oHk;pGJcJhonf/ (Nonbreaking space udk

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{jyD? 2008 139

Photoshop Tutorial tqifh (3)

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Layer 1 ouf0ifqJrSm Layers palette u pmom; Layer thumbnail tuGufay: Ctrl + d í f Selection ac:,lyg/ Ctrl + BackClick ESy space ESdyfí tjzLa&mifeJY jznfhyg/

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wpfrsKd;rsKd;

tqifh (2)

Filters > Blur > Gaussian Blur eJY blur tenf;i,f ay;yg/ Ctrl + D ESdyfí selection

teufa&mifjznfhyg/

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140

tqifh (4)

Layers palette u create a new layer button udk ESdyfjyD; Layer topf jyKvkyfyg/ (odkYr[kwf Shift + Ctrl + N) D udk ESdyfjyD; Alt+Backspace ESdyfí Layer 1 (topf)udk

uGefysLwm*sme,f

tqifh (5) oifh&JU½kyfyHkudk aemufjyefoHk;zdkY psd zdkiftaeeJY oD;jcm; wpfck save as eJY As a Copy odrf;yg/ Oyrm- (glass.psd)

tqifh (6) tay:qHk; Layer rSm rsufpdrSdwfjyD; cPazsmufxm;yg/ Background Layer udk Ctrl + J ESdyfjyD; yGm;yg/ Text layer &JU txufrSm xm;yg/

tqifh (8) atmufu Text Layer eJY tay:u background copy tMum; jcm;xm;wJh rsOf;tay: Alt + Click ESdyfí clipping group zGJUyg/

tqifh (7) Filters > Distort > Displace odkY oGm;yg/ ay;xm;wJh default setting awGtwdkif;yJ OK udk uvpfESdyfyg/ ay:vm wJh Open/Save dialogbox rSm glass.psd a&G;zGifhvdkufyg/

{jyD? 2008 141

Photoshop Tutorial tqifh (9) atmufu pmom; text layer rSm Bevel and Emboss layer effect ay;yg/ Setting awG jyxm;ay;ygw,f/

'D tutorial yDjyifzdkY&mu aemufcH Background tay: rlwnfygw,f/ pdwfMudKuf&jyD;wJhtcg Text Layer uaejyD; Layer Move tool eJY vdk&m a&TUEkdifygw,f/

tqifh (10) Shadow ay;csif

ay;Ekdifw,f/

tqifh (11) Displaced Layer &JU blending mode udk screen odkY

ajymif;yg/

142

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uGefysLwmoifcef;pm

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{jyD? 2008 143

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm Cruising the Web

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144

uGefysLwm*sme,f

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Sending E-mail

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uGefysLwmoifcef;pm Table 8-1 Navigating with Internet Explorer's Buttons cvkwf

tvkyfoabm aemufodkY

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a&SUokdY

jyD;cJhaompmrsufESmudk jyefMunhfjyD; csufcsif;a&muf&Sdaeaom pmrsufESmudk jyefoGm;Ekdifaponf/

Favorites rsm;

&Sd&modkY

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Favorites rsm;

xyfxnhf&ef

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rl&if;ae&modkY

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RSS feed

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yHkESdyf&ef

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Page

þ options onf vuf&Sd page ESifhom ywfoufaernf jzpfonf/ Oyrmtm;jzifh text size rsm; MuD;apvdkjcif; odkYr[kwf file wpfcktaejzifh saving vkyfvkdjcif; ponfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk qkdvkdonf/

Tools

þ options onf Internet Explorer \ menu tjynfht0udk zGifhjyay;ojzifh &Edkifavmufonfh tcGifhtvrf;tukefudk cif;jyay;ygvdrhfrnf/ Pop up blocker udk csdefnd§jcif;? phishing taESmifht,Sufrsm;udk ppfxkwfjcif;ESifh tjcm; vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk vkyfcGifh&Ekdifonf jzpfonf/

{jyD? 2008 145

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm jyoay;xm;onf/ Folder bufjcrf;onf b,fb,fjcrf;jzpf í rdrd\ e-mail rsm;udk odrf;qnf;odkrSD;jcif;? &SmazGjcif;rsm; tvdktavsmuf jyKvkyfay;Edkifonf/ nmbufjcrf;wGifrl rdrd e-mail rsm;ESifhtwl tinker rsm; jrifawGUEkdifonf/

Ä

b,fbufjcrf;ay:wiG f rdr\ d folders rsm;udk cif;jyxm;jy;D folder's contents udk select vkyv f u kd ½f kH jzifh tqkyd g mail ESihf ywfouforQukd preview tjzpf jrifawGEU idk yf gonf/

Fig: 8-1

Windows Mail xJrS folders rsm;onf baskets xJrS

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{jyD? 2008 147

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm 5/ rdrd account name ESihf password udk jznho f iG ;f jy;D click vkyjf cif; rdrd account name qkdonfhae&mwGif rdrd address wGif yg&So d nf/ @ ta&SUbuf pmvH;k rsm;jzpfjyD; ¤if;twGuf rdrday;xm;aom password udk twdtus jznhfoGif; ay;&onf/ Remember Password box wGif tqifh qifh aqmuf,l &&SdEkdifonf/ Table 8-2 E-mail Settings for Popular ISPs

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3/ rdr\ d e-mail address udk ½du k o f iG f;jy;D Next udk click vkyf,ljcif; trnf @ oauFwESifh rdrd ISP wdkY yg0ifonf/ Oyrm tm;jzifh Jeff 4265 onf charternet.com [lonfh ISP trnfjzifh toHk;cs,lygu rdrd address onf Jeff 4265@ charternet.com [lí E-mail Address Bar wGif ½dkufoGif; vdkuf½Hkom &Sdonf/ 4/ rdr\ d server type ESifh t0iftxGuf mail servers \ trnfukd ½du k o f iG f;jy;D Next udk click vky, f jl cif; þae&mwGif rdrt d aejzifh rdr\ d e-mail account twGuf 0efaqmifrIay;aom server trsKd;tpm;udk odxm;&ef vdkonf/ POP3, IMAP odkYr[kwf HTTP [lonfh udk;½dk;um;&m; pmvHk;rsm; &Sdaernf/ ¤if;twGuf ISPs rsm;onf tqkdyg handy setting rsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOf nTefMum;csufrsm;udk pmwkdufrS ay;ydkYavh &SdMuonf/ tu,fírsm; tqkdyg pm&Guf aysmufqHk;cJhonf&Sdaomf ISP's tech site udk 0ifa&mufí vnf;aumif;? ISP's web support udk ac:qkdí vnf;aumif; server \ trnfESifhtrsKd;tpm;udk jyefvnf &,lEkdifonf/ Tab 8-2 wGif azmfjyxm;ouJhodkY a,bk,s qefqef information udk &,lxm;&rnf jzpfonf/ Google \ G-mail, AOL ESihf Yahoo! wdYk tm;vH;k onf My Sever Requires Authentication [lí trSwf tom;jyKxm;aom box rSwpfqifh &&SdEkdifonf/

148

uGefysLwm*sme,f

Service

E-Mail Incoming Outgoing Type Mail Server Mail Server

Google Gmail

POP3

pop.gmail. com

smtp.gmail. com

America Onlie (AOL)

IMAP

imap.aol. com

smtp.aol. com

Yahoo!

POP3

pop.mail. yahoo

smtp.mail. yahoo

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{jyD? 2008 149

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3/ Tool box xJrS Path Type tool udk a&G;yg/ 4/ qGJxm;aom rsOf;auG;tpwGif click ESdyfí 'computer Journal Production' vkdY ½kdufxnhfay;yg/ pmom; tenf;^trsm;tay: rlwnfí size ajymif;vJMunhfyg/

9/ Filter > Distort > Twist udk a&G;yg/ Twist dialog box wGif Angle wefzkd;udk 1200 ½kdufxnhfí OK wGif click ESy d yf g/

150

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15/ Project panel xJrS color matte file udk video 1 track xJokdY qGJxnhfxm;yg/

10/ File > Save udk a&G;í Graphic emrnfjzifh odrf;xm; ay;yg/ 11/ Adobe Premiere Pro xJokdY0ifí Project topfwpfck ,lay;yg/ 12/ File > import jzifh Illustrator xJwGif zefwD;xm;aom title type.ai ESihf Graphic.ai file wkYd ukd ac:xnhaf y;yg/ 13/ titletype file udk video 3 track ESifh Graphic file udk video 2 track xJokdY qGJxnhfxm;ay;yg/

16/ Window > Show Effects udka&G;í Effects window udk zGifhay;yg/ Effect Window xJrS Stylize folder udkzGifhí Strobe Light Video Effect udk video 3 track ay:&Sd pmom;ay:odkY drag qGJxnhfay;yg/

{jyD? 2008 151

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm 17/ Timeline xJrS video 2 track &Sd graphic.ai wGif click ESdyfyg/

22/ General ae&mrS File Type wGif Microsoft AVI udk a&G;yg/ ab;buf&Sd List box xJrS video wGif click ESdyfyg/ Compressor ae&mwGif Divx trsKd;tpm;udk a&G;yg/ OK wGif click ESdyfyg/ Save wGif click ESdyfí movie wpfck xkwfyg/ extension rSm avi jzpfí codec rSm divx format tjzpf &&Sdvmygrnf/

18/ Effect Window xJrS Distort folder udk zGifhyg/ 19/ Bend effect wGif click ESdyfí video 2 track xJ&Sd graphic.ai ay:okdY drag qGJxnhfay;yg/

rSwcf suf/ / Divx format toHk;jyK&eftwGuf computer xJwGif Divx instraller udk install vkyfxm;&ygrnf/

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ESpfpOfaMu;oGif;í rSm,lvkdygu 20/ Play button ESdyfí preview Munhfay;yg/ File > Save jzifh project file udk odrf;xm;ay;yg/ Divx format jzifh avi file wpfck xkwfMunhfygr,f/ 21/ File > Export > Movie udka&G;yg/ usvmaom dialog box rS settings button wGif click ESdyfyg/

152

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15500

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Java Developer Guide

Chapter (6) 6.3 USING THE AWT COMPONENTS, FLOWLAYOUT ILLUSTRATE FlowLayout eJY ywfoufwhJ oifcef;pmudk Java Swing Components awGtaMumif;udk oifMum;ydkYcspOfrSm oifMum; ay;cJhzl;ygw,f/ wdwdususajym&&ifawmh Chapter (4), Sub_Index 4.2 Using the Basic Interface Layout qdkwJh oifcef;pmacgif;pOftaeeJYygyJ/ tJ'D oifcef;pmwkef;u Layout Manager Type awG jzpfwJh • FlowLayout • GridLayout • BorderLayout • CardLayout • GridBagLayout tp&SdwJh Layout Manager Type awGudk jynfhjynfhpHkpHk &Sif;

vif; wifjyay;cJzh ;l ygw,f/ vdt k yfvm&if tJ'D oifcef;pmawG udk jyefvSefavhvmyg/ tJ'D Swing Components awGeJYtwl xnhfoGif; toHk;jyKcJhwJh FlowLayout Manager [mvnf; tckvuf&Sd oifcef;pmxJrSm yg0ifwJh AWT Package (or) Container Class xJrSm yg0ifwJh Layout Manager ygyJ/ 'Dawmh oufqidk &f m AWT Components awGeYJ ,SOw f jJG yD;awmh rS toHk;csMuwmayghaemf/ • Layout Managers A Layout Manager is an object that is responsible for the positioning and dimensioning of the components contained inside a Container object. Container Class (or) Object twGi;f rSmyg0ifwhJ components awG Oyrmtm;jzifh Button, Panel, Frame, ScrollPane tp&SdwhJ Components awGudk Positioning & Dimensioning t& owfrSwfae&mcsay;EkdifzdkYtwGuf Layout Manager awGudk toHk;jyKwmygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/ Chapter

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(4), Index 4.2 rSm

&Sif;vif;azmfjyay;jyD;om;rdkY odyfjyD;awmh rS tus,fcsJU r&Sif;jyawmhygbl;/ uJ FlowLayout Class eJY ywfoufwmawGukd oufqidk &f m oifcef;pmtvku d f &Si;f jyay; ygOD;r,f/ avhvmvdkufygOD;/ • FlowLayout Class - A FlowLayout Layout manager positions the components so they flow from left to right and from top to button. - When the right corner is reached, the next component is placed on left border of the next row. - When the container is resized, the next component are re-laid out according to the same guidelines. - FlowLayout is default Layout manager for the Panel and Applet Class. - FlowLayout( )Constructor : • Public FlowLayout ( ); • Public FlowLayout (int Alignment); tcka&;jycJhwJh tcsuftvufawGuawmh FlowLayout Class vdkY ac:a0:wJh Class &JU Features &,f? oufqkdifwJh constructor function method ( ) &,fukd a&;om;jyay;xm; ygw,f/ 'Dtwkid ;f yJ wku d ½f u kd f toH;k jyKvkYd &Ekid o f vkd parameter_argument ae&mrSm FlowLayout udk b,fae&mrSm pDpOf

ay;apcsiw f ,fqw dk mudk owfrw S af y;Ekid zf YkdtwGuyf gyJ/ [kwjf yD aemf/ 'Dawmh overloading method ( ) t& pmzwfol parameter xnhfa&;onfjzpfap? xnfhra&;onfjzpfap tqif ajyovkd toHk;jyKEkdifygw,f/ tqifajyatmif FlowLayout Class u pDpOfay;rSmygyJ/

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm uJ 'Dawmh Constructor method jzpfwJh FlowLayout ( ) Function &JU parameter ae&mrSm xnfo h iG ;f vdYk&whJ Alignment Constants udk avhvmMunhfMu&atmif/ Alignment Constants; Alignment Constants taeeJYuawmh ta&SUu jyD;cJw h hJ oifcef;pmjzpfwhJ Chapter (4) udk jyefveS f avhvm&if awGU&rSm

jzpfovdkygyJ/ • FlowLayout.LEFT • FlowLayout.CENTER • FlowLayout.RIGHT

qdkjyD;awmh awGUjrif&rSmygyJ/ 'g[mqkd&if Layout udk Alignment t& Manage vkyz f Ykd pDpOfEidk zf YkdtwGuyf gyJ/ [kwjf yDaemf/ uJ 'Dawmh FlowLayout eJY ywfoufjyD;awmh tajymif;tvJ jzpfomG ;atmif vufawGUavhvmjyD;cJw h hJ AWT Components &JU Button awGudk toHk;jyKjyD;awmh avhvmMu&atmifvm;/ Listing6.3 Using the AWT Components, Flow Layout Illustrate 1 . import java.awt.*; 2 . import java.awt.event.*; 3 . public class AWTFlowLayout Frame {

extends

4 . public AWTFlowLayout(){ 5 . setTitle ("Mixed the FlowLayoutManager and Button"); 6 . setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout. CENTER)); 7 . For(int i=0; i<10;++i) 8 . { add (new Button("button" + i));} 9 . addWindowListener(newWinClosing()); 10. SetBounds (300, 300, 350, 150); 11. SetResizable (true);} 12. public static void main (String args []) 13. { AWT FlowLayout awtfl=new AWTFlowLayout ( );} 14. } 15. class winClosing extends windowAdapter { 16. public void windowClosing (windowEvent we) 17. { System.exit(0);} 18. }

uJ tcka&;jycJw h hJ Code_Line awGuawmh AWT Component Button awGukd FlowLayout Manager eJY ,SOw f jJG yD; toHk;csxm;wJh program yJ jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh Code_Line wpfaMumif;csif; Analysis vkyfjyD;awmh avhvmMu&atmif vm;/

Analysis 1/ 'D Listing 6.3 rSmawmh awt package file (2) ckudk Declare & Import vkyfxm;ygw,f/ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*;

qkdjyD;awmhrS a&;om;xm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/ tJ'D aemufrmS awmh primary class jzpfwhJ AWTFlowLayout qkdwJh class udk a&;om;ygw,f/ tJ'D class udk zefwD;&m rSm Frame Class udk extends vkyfxm;ygw,f/ 'D Class_Name eJY trnfwl constructor function ( ) jzpfwJh AWTFlowLayout ( ) method udk vkdif;eHygwf (4)rSm a&;om;ygw,f/ tJ'D method &JU tzGifh brace { udkvnf; pmzwfol owdjyKrdrSmyg/ jyD;awmh zefwD;r,fh Output_Windows &JU Title_Bar rSm yg0if&r,fh pmom; twGuf SetTitle ( ) method udk toH;k jyKjyD;awmh atmuf ygtwkdif; a&;om;ygw,f/ setTitle ("Mixed the FlowLayoutManager and Button"); tJ'DaemufrSmawmh SetLayout ( ) method udk toHk;jyK jyD;awmhrS olY&JU arguments ae&mrSm FlowLayout ()method udk xnhfoGif;ygw,f/ 'g[m FlowLayoutManager vkyfzdkYygyJ/ uJ [kwfjyDav/ FlowLayout ( ) method udk toHk;jyK&mrSm b,fyHkpHeJYrsm; Alignment csdefnd§xm;ovJqkdwm avhvmvdkufygOD;/ Alignment CENTER taeeJYygyJ/ 'gaMumifh vkdif;eHygwf (6)rSmsetLayout (new FlowLayout (FlowLayout.CENTER));

SetLayout ( ) method \

argument ae&mwGif xnhfoGif; toHk;jyKonf/

FlowLayout( )method \ argument ae&mwGif

xnhfoGif; csdefnd§&aom Alignment jzpfonf/ ,ck program wGif Alignment CENTER xm;xm;onf/

'gqkd&ifawmh vuf&Sd toHk;csaewJh program rSm AWT Component awG (Oyrmtm;jzifh button awGudkayghaemf/ Frame_Window &JU b,fae&mrSm x,y coordinate t& owfrw S af y;p&mrvkad wmhbeJ YJ FlowLayout ( ) method uom Alignment CENTER xm;jyD;awmhrS csdefnd§ay; awmhrSmyg/ 'gqdk&ifawmh uRefawmfwdkY tvkyfvkyf&wm

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uGefysLwmoifcef;pm vG,u f o l mG ;jyDayghaemf/ 'Dtck a&;jycJw h hJ yHpk t H wkid ;f swing components & package awGukd toH;k jyKjyD;awmhrS Listing 4.2 Demonstrate the FlowLayout method qdjk yD;awmhrS a&;jycJjh yD;om; yg/ Program_Name uawmh Alphabet.java qdkwJhemrnfeJYyg/ tJ'D program udk jyef

vSefjyD;awmh avhvmr,fqkd&ifawmh ydkjyD;awmhrS tqifajy r,f? em;vnfvG,fr,fvdkY xifygw,f/ tckvuf&Sd oif cef;pmtjyD;rSmvnf; FlowLayout( )method eJY ywf oufjyD;awmhrS Sample program wpfcu k kd xyfrjH yD;awmhrS ydkYcsay;yghr,f/ uJ tckawmh qufvufjyD;awmh Listing 6.3 &JU Code_Line awGudk qufvufavhvmMu&atmif vm;/ 2/ uJ FlowLayout( )method udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmhrS Layout ydi k ;f qkid &f mrSm Manage vkyjf yD;jyDqrdk aS wmh oufqidk &f m AWT Components &JU Button Object awGudk for looping eJY ywfxw k jf yD;awmhrS wyfqifay;rSmygyJ/ [kwjf yD aemf/ for (int i = 0; i < 10;+ + i) int i [m 0 uae pr,f/ i wefzkd;[m 10 xufawmh i,f r,f/ i udk prefix increment order t& wpfckjyD;wpfck wkd;ygqkdjyD;awmhrS Looping ydwfxm;wmygyJ/ Looping wpfywf ywfwkdif;? increment taeeJY 1 wdk;vkdufwkdif; for Looping &JU brace { xJukd 0ifjyD;awmhrS add ( ) method udk toHk;jyKjyD;awmh parameter arguments ae&mrSm new button ( ) qkdjyD;awmhrS zefwD;ygw,f/ 'Dawmh Looping wpfywfywfvu kd w f idk ;f rSm Button Class udk wpfcgac:jyD;awmhrS new object tjzpf zefwD;aewm ygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/ Button ( ) constructor method &JU parameter argument ae&mrSm Button_ Label tjzpf

xnhfoGif;vdkY &Ekdifygw,f/ 'gaMumifh "button" + i

qdkjyD;awmhrS xnhfoGif;xm;wmyJ jzpfygw,f/ Looping ywfwm[m 10 Mudraf jrmuf? ude;f eHygwf 10 a&mufatmif wk;d jyD;oGm;wJrh mS for Statement eJY ppfaq;ygw,f/ 'Dtcg 10 [m 10 xuf ri,fygbl;/ 'Dawmh for looping &JU atmufu brace { block xJudk 0ifvdkYr&awmhygbl;/ 'Dawmh atmufu vdik ;f eHygwf (9)udk qufqif;oGm;jyDaygh aemf/ tJ'Dvdkif;eHygwf (9)rSmawmh add windowListener( ) method udk toH;k jyKjyD;awmhrS Output_Windows tjzpf xGuv f mr,fh Frame_Windows udk ydwyf pfzYkdygyJ/ 'g[m

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Swing Package & Components awGukd ac:,l toH;k jyK pOfwkef;u toHk;jyKcJhwJh method ( ) jzpfwJhsetDefaultCloseOperation ( JFrame.EXIT_ON_ CLOSE); method eJY wlnDygw,f/ tJ'D method ( ) u Swing Package xJrmS yg0ifwhJ method yg/ tck oifcef;pmawG

rSm toHk;jyKaewhJaddWindowListener (new WinClosing ( ) ); method uawmh awt package xJrSm yg0ifwJh Event Listener awGukd rDc S t dk oH;k jyKaewJh method yJ jzpfygw,f/

uJ 'Dawmh qufvufavhvmMu&atmif/ tJ'aD emuf vkid ;f eHygwf (10)rSm setBounds ( ) method udk toH;k jyKxm;yg w,f/ tJ'D setBounds ( ) method xJrSm arguments (4) ck xnho f iG ;f a&;om;xm;wmuawmh Output_Frame udk azmfjyay;r,fh Desktop Screen &JU x,y coordinate system &JU owfrSwfcsuf&,f? Frame &JU t&G,ftpm;jzpf wJh Width = 350, Height = 150 qdkwm&,fudk owf rSwx f m;wJh arguments awGyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gudk ta&SUu oifcef;pmawGrSmvnf; em;vnf oabmaygufjyD;om; jzpfrSmyg/ tJ'Daemufydkif; eHygwf (11)rSmawmh output tjzpf azmfjyay;vmwJh Frame_Windows udk csKHUcsJUrvkyf Ekid af p&ef SetResizable (false) qkjd yD;awmhrS arguments udk false xm;jyD;awmhrS zefw;D cJyh gw,f/ avhvmMunhyf g/ tJ'Dvkdif;eHygwf (11)rSmyJ constructor function ( ) &JU Close brace } udk vmydwfxm;ygw,f/ pmzwfol awGU jrif&rSmyg/ 3/ Main ( ) Function udkawmh vkdif;eHygwf(12)rSm a&;om; xm;wmudk awGUjrif&rSmyg/ tJ'D main( ) function xJrSmawmh bmrQ taxGtxl; a&;om;xm;wm r&SdbJeJY tay:rSm zefwD;cJhwJh AWTFlowLayout Class udk Object_Name awtfl vdkY trnfay;jyD;awmh ac:,lvdkuf wmygyJ/ 'Dawmh Class_Name eJY emrnfwlwJh constructor function ( ) [m tvkt d avsmuf 0ifvmjyD;awmh rS tvkyfvmvkyfrSmyg/ Main ( ) function &JU Close brace } udkawmh vkdif;eHygwf (13) rSm vmjyD;awmh ydwf xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/ vdkif;eHygwf(14) rSm vmydwfxm;wmuawmh primary class jzpfwhJ AWTFlowLayout Class &JU tydwf Close brace } yJ jzpfygw,f/ vdkif;eHygwf (15)uae (18)txd a&;om;xm;wJh WinClosing Class [m primary class eJY roufqkdifwJh oD;jcm; class wpfckjzpfygw,f/ tJ'D

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm WinClosing Class xJrSmawmh WindowClosing ( ) methodudk a&;om;xm;ygw,f/ Code_Line uawmh ta&SUrSm &Sif;jy cJhjyD;om; Code_Line ygyJ/ System.exit(0);

'D Code_Line udk vdik ;f eHygwf(18)rSm a&;om; azmfjyxm; ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/ uJ tck &Sif;jyxm;cJhwJh tcsuftvufawG[m Listing 6.3 taeeJY a&;om;azmfjyxm;wJh program &JU Code_Line awGygyJ/ Code_Line awGudk Analysis vkyfjyD;awmhrS avh vmjyD;oGm;jyDqadk wmh pmzwfot l aeeJY 'D Listing 6.3 udk Start →All Programs→ Accessories→ NotePad xJrSm oGm; jyD;awmhrS ½dkufoGif;yg/ jyD;&ifawmh tJ'Dh File_Name udk Class_Name twkdif;yJ AWTFlowLayout.java vdkY trnf ay;vdkufyg/ tJ'D File udk save vkyf&r,fh DIRECTOR_ PATH uawmh C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin qkw d hJ DIR atmufrmS ygyJ/ uJ Code_File udak &;om;jyD;awmh AWTFlowLayout. java vdYk trnfay;xm;yHu k kd Figure 6.7 taeeJY a&;om;azmfjy ay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/

rSmyg/ 'DtcgrSm atmufyg command eJY clear the screen vkyfvkdufygOD;/ CLS ↵ uJ 'gqdk&ifawmh C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin> qkdwJh prompt oauFway:aewJt h csderf mS atmufyg command udk toH;k jyK jyD;awmhrS AWTFlowLayout.java program udk compile vkyfvdkufyg/ javac AWTFlowLayout.java ↵ uJ tckvdkrsKd; compile vkyfvkdufvdkY Error r&Sdawmhbl;qkd&if atmufyg command eJY run jyefvkyf&rSmyg/ java AWTFlowLayout ↵ tckvdkrsKd; AWTFlowLayout.java program udk compile & Run vkyx f m;yHu k kd Figure 6.8 taeeJY a&;om;azmfjyay;xm; ygw,f/

Figure 6.8 Compile & Run of the AWTFlowLayout.java

Figure 6.8 rSm

azmfjyxm;ovdkrsKd; Compile & Run vkyfvdkufjyDqkdwmeJY atmufrSm azmfjyxm;wJhtwkdif; Button Component awGudk toHk;jyKjyD;awmh FlowLayout Manager eJY pDpOftoH;k jyKxm;wJh Output_Frame av;udk awGUjrif &rSmygyJ/ Figure 6.7 Write the program Code_Line in the Notepad, AWTFlowLayout.java

uJ Figure 6.7 rSmazmfjyxm;wJt h wkid ;f Code_Line awG udk a&;om;jyD;awmh AWTFlowLayout.java vkdY trnfay; jyD;awmh save vkyfjyD;jyDqkd&ifawmh Start → Programs → Accessories → Command Prompt (DOS) udk oGm;zGifh vdu k yf g/ Command Prompt [m yGiv hf mjyDq&dk if J2SDK &JU DIR atmufukd a&mufEi dk zf Ykd twGuf change vkyaf y;&ygr,f/ 'gaMumifh atmufyg Command_Line eJY DIR Change vkdufyg/ CD C:\j2sdk1.4.1_01\bin ↵ 'gqkd&ifawmh olY&JU Prompt oauFw[m C:\j2sdk 1.4.1_01\bin > qkw d hJ prompt oauFwtjzpf ajymif;vJomG ;

Figure 6.9 Run the program, AWTFlowLayout.java

tck azmfjyxm;wJh Figure 6.9 udk avhvmjyD;oGm;jyDq&dk if awmh FlowLayout Class eJY ywfoufjyD;awmh ykdjyD;awmh em;vnfoabmaygufomG ;atmif Sub-Index 6.3.1 Demonstrating FlowLayout alignments qdkjyD;awmhrS qufvuf ykdYcsay;xm;ygw,f/ avhvmMunhfyg/

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uGefysLwmoifcef;pm 6.3.1 Demonstrating FlowLayout alignments 'Doifcef;pmudk ykdYcs&wmuawmh JAVA Developer h iG ;f cJw h hJ oifcef;pmawG Guide VOL-I udk a&;om;pOfrmS xnfo eJYywfoufjyD;awmhrS pmvSr;f ar;MuwmawG? tjyeftvSef aqG; aEG;wmawG &Scd yhJ gw,f/ 'Dtcg LayoutManager eJY ywfouf jyD;awmhrS ydkjyD;awmh jynfhjynfhpHkpHkodcsifwJh ausmif;om;eJY avh vmolawGtwGuf atmufrmS azmfjyxm;wJh oifcef;pmudk xyfrH jznfph u G f ydYk cs&wmygyJ/ uJ atmufrmS a&;om;xm;wJh Listing 6.4 udk avhvmvkdufygOD;/ Listing 6.4 Demonstrating FlowLayout alignments 1 . import java.awt.*; 2 . import java.awt.event.*; 3 . import javax.swing.*; 4. 5 . public Class FlowLayoutDemo extends JFrames{ 6. private JButton Left,center, right; 7. private Container c ; 8. private FlowLayout Layout; 9. 10. public FlowLayoutDemo ( ) 11. { 12. super ("FlowLayout Demo"); 13. 14. Layout = new FlowLayout ( ) ; 15. 16. c = getContentPane ( ); 17. c.SetLayout (Layout); 18. 19. Left = new JButton ("Left"); 20. Left.add ActionLinstener ( 21. new ActionListener( ) { 22. Public Void actionPerFormed (Action Event e) 23. { 24. Layout.SetAlignment (FlowLayout.LEFT); 25. 26. // re-align attached components 27. Layout.LayoutContainer (c); 28. } 29. } 30. ) ; 31. c.add (Left); 32. 33. center = new JButton ("Center"); 34. center.addActionListener ( 35. new ActionListener ( ) { 36. public Void actionPerformed (Action e) 37. { 38. L a y o u t . S e t A l i g n m e n t ( F l o w L a y o u t . CENTER); 39.

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40. //re-align attached components 41. Layout.LayoutContainer (c); 42. } 43. } 44. ) ; 45. C.add (center); 46. 47. right=new JButton ("Right"); 48. right.addActionListener ( 49. new ActionListener ( ){ 50. Public Void actionPerformed (ActionEvent e) 51. { 52. L a y o u t . S e t A l i g n m e n t (FlowLayout.RIGHT); 53. 54. //re-alignment attached components 55. Layout.LayoutContainer (c); 56. } 57. } 58. ) ; 59. c.add (right); 60. 61. SetSize (300,75); 62. Show ( ); 63. } 64. 65. Public Static Void main (String args [ ]) 66. { 67. FlowLayoutDemo app=new FlowLayoutDemo ( ); 68. 69. app.addWindowListener { 70. new WindowAdapter ( ){ 71. Public Void WindowClosing (WindowEvent e) 72. { 73. 74. System.exit(0); 75. } 76. } 77. ) ; 78. } 79. }

uJ tcka&;jycJw h hJ Listing 6.4 [m AWT Components awGudkomruygbl;/ JButton, JFrame tp&SdwJh javax.swing.*; package xJu Swing Components awGudk ac: ,l toH;k jyKxm;wmyJjzpfygw,f/ 'g[m FlowLayout eJYywf oufwJh tcsuftvufawGudk ydkjyD; em;vnf oabmayguf apcsifvdkYygyJ/ uJ 'Dawmh 'D Program_ Code_Line awGudk Analysis vkyfrjyawmhygbl;/ pmzwfoludk,fwkdifyJ Trace vkyfjyD;awmhrS avhvmMunhfygvm;/ uRefawmfhtaeeJY tJ'Dh Listing 6.4 &JU Code_File udk

uGefysLwmoifcef;pm CD xJrSm

xnfhoGif;ay;xm;ygw,f/ pmzwfol avhvmvdkY &Ekdifatmifvnf; Save vkyfxm;wJh File yHkpHukdvnf; Figure Layout taeeJY a&;om; azmfjyay;xm;ygw,f/ pmzwfol taeeJY avhvmjyD;awmh Analysis vkyfjyD;&if uRefawmfhqDudk vSrf;ar;jyD;awmhrS aqG;aEG; ajymqkdEkdifygw,f/ vdktyf&if vnf; tultnD vSrf;awmif;jyD;awmh pmzwfol&JU tjrifeJY uRefawmfhbufu tjrifukd tjyeftvSef aqG;aEG;vdkY &Ekdifwm ayghaemf/ uJ Notepad xJrmS Code_Line awGukd pmpDa&;om; xm;yHkudk avhvmMu&atmifvm;/ avhvmMunhfvdkufygOD;/ Figure 6.10 taeeJY a&;om;xm;wmygyJ/ [kwfjyDaemf/

1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 tifwmeufowif; 1234567890123456

Kidaro udk rdkufu½dkfaqmhzfrS 0,f,l

Figure 6.10 Write the program code_line in the Notepad FlowLayoutDemo.java

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KYAW ZAYAR LAY [ IT ENGINEERING ]

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