2 Theories Of Idividual Diferrences.docx

2 Well-Known Theories Formulated to Explain Individual Differences Well-known theories formulated to explain individual differences are as follows: 1. Theory of Correlation (Galton): This theory explains that strength in one trait is closely correlated with strength in another trait, if these have many elements in common. A person who stands high in one trait or ability stands high in another as well. A pupil who is generally proficient in Mathematics or English is equally proficient in subjects like history, economics, and other studies. This theory is otherwise known as the theory of Positive Correlation. Positive Correlation also means correspondence among the abilities compared. Based on the studies made, the general tendency is for all types of desirable traits to show some degree of positive correlation 2. Theory of Compensation: This theory states that weakness in one trait is compensated by strength in other traits. It has also been asserted that a good memory stands opposed to good reasoning; the strong bodies inherit low mentally; that great artists have abnormal character. ADVERTISEMENTS: In other words, this theory implies that great strength in one trait implies a corresponding weakness in some other trait. Some studies have revealed that pupils who are weak in abstract are generally skillful in the manipulation of things.

Pupils who are mentally deficient are generally advised to take up vocational courses. The theory of compensation is otherwise known as the theory of negative correlation. In the explanation of the facts of individual differences these two theories, correlation and compensation, differ in their emphasis. Both theories are the result of general observation and individual measurement. The first theory, based on the early work of Galton on inheritance, gives more importance to the existence of similar capabilities in more than one subject of study whereas the second is partial to the presence of one definite capability limited and circumscribed within one subject of study. Most psychologists, believe, however, that on the average, strength in one trait implies strength in others; weakness in one implies weakness in others; and mediocrity in one trait implies mediocrity in others. Applied to the guidance of the students in the process of their knowledge and understanding of these theories will greatly enhance the efficiency of instruction. Education, to be of most worth, must be one that will be of most help and use to the individual. Education has the responsibility of discovering the natural ability of the students in order to guide them in the selection of a course in which their individual differences will play to their advantage and make for efficiency and success. There is no gainsaying the fact that one who chooses a career to which his individual inclination has led him will find ease and delight in his endeavor, and will very likely experience success. Recognition and appreciation of individual differences in the light of the theories of correlation and compensation will greatly increase the effectiveness of education.