Zain

Word

Definition

Significance

Janissaries

Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army.

They constituted the elite

Serbia

Tanzimat

Crimean War

percussion cap

breech-loading rifle

extraterritoriality

Opium War

Bannermen

of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826. The Ottoman province in Serb leaders struggled to the Balkans that rose up maintain dominance as the against Janissary control in Yugoslav federation the early 1800s. After World dissolved in the 1990s. War II the central province of Yugoslavia. "Restructuring" reforms by It was intended to move the nineteenth-century civil law away from the Ottoman rulers. control of religious elites and make the military and the bureaucracy more efficient. Conflict between the To prevent Russian Russian and Ottoman expansion, Britain and Empires fought primarily in France sent troops to the Crimean Peninsula. support the Ottomans. Gunpowder-filled capsules Their use meant that guns that, when struck by the no longer needed to be hammer of a gun, ignite the ignited by hand. explosive charge in a gun. Gun into which the Later guns had magazines, a projectiles had to be compartment holding individually inserted. multiple projectiles that could be fed rapidly into the firing chamber. The right of foreign In the 19th and early 20th residents in a country to live centuries, European and under the laws of their American nationals living in native country and certain areas of Chinese and disregard the laws of the Ottoman cities were granted host country. this right. War between Britain and The victorious British the Qing Empire that was imposed the one-sided occasioned by the Qing Treaty of Nanking on government's refusal to China. permit the importation of opium into its territories. Hereditary military servants Many were descendants of of the Qing Empire. peoples of various origins who had fought for the

Treaty of Nanking

treaty ports

most-favored-nation status

Taiping Rebellion Meiji Restoration

The treaty that concluded the Opium War. It awarded Britain a large indemnity from the Qing Empire and denied the Qing government tariff control over some of its own borders, Cities opened to foreign residents as a result of the forced treaties between the Qing Empire and foreign signatories A clause in a commercial treaty. The most destructive civil war before the twentieth century. The political program that followed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate in 1868.

founders of the empire It also opened additional ports of residence to Britons, and ceded the island of Hong Kong to Britain

In the treaty ports, foreigners enjoyed extraterritoriality.

It awards to any later signatories all the privileges previously granted to the original signatories A Christian-inspired rural rebellion threatened to topple the Qing Empire. A collection of young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism.