Working Model Of Solar Bat-mo-bile: Shashank Bhatnagar & Gaurav Sethi Ec,!! Sem

Working Model of Solar Bat-mo-bile

Presented By 

Shashank bhatnagar & Gaurav sethi

Introduction:-

The Zener-based solar engine Using a Zener diode as a voltage sensor

The Zener solar engine is, as its name implies, a simple type 1 solar engine based on a Zener diode. This is the original solar engine design, by Mark Tilden, no less!

How it works (simplified) The capacitor charges until the PNP transistor (here shown as a 2N3906, but you could also use a BC327) receives base current through the Zener and turns on. Then the NPN transistor (here shown as a 2N3904, but you could also use a BC337) turns on and the capacitor is discharged through the motor. As the NPN turns on the 2.2K resistor starts to supply base current to the PNP and the circuit snaps on. When the capacitor voltage drops below about 1V, the the PNP turns off, the NPN turns off and disconnects the motor from the capacitor which starts to charge up again.

FEEDBACK With the 2.2K resistor connected to the NPN collector the circuit behavior is more complicated and first we look at how it affects the SE triggering process. When the Zener starts to turn on the Zener current flows through the 2.2 K resistor and the motor winding and generates a voltage at the base of the NPN equal to V = I x R (ohm's law). But no current can flow through the PNP base until the base / emitter voltage is about 0.55 V. That means you need a minimum current of I = E / R or about 0.25 mA through the 2.2 K resistor before any current even starts to flow in the PNP base.

 One more comment

Sometimes a capacitor is placed in parallel with the motor winding. Remember that an inductor in parallel with a capacitor forms a resonant circuit in which at one frequency the signal losses approach zero and small voltage oscillations build up to become large oscillations. Add some transistors and feedback and there is a tendency for the circuit operation to stabilize around this particular instability, generating acoustic noise and vibration in the motor windings instead of motor rotation  

FUTURE

ASPECTS

THE MACHINE CAN BE UPGRADED BY INCLUDING SOME SENSING DEVICES SUCH AS BUMP SENSORS,LIGHT DETECTING SENSORS ETC………

IR SENSOR BASED SOLAR CAR

In ir sensor based car, the car will able to controlled by IR sensor. and it will detect the ir radiation and follow the objective path and catch the light from where the light will be coming.

Bump Sensors Work on bump sensor systems for cars has been going on since the 1950s, but that earlier work did not lead to practical products. The paper reviews some of that earlier work, and shows how recent technological advances have now made automotive radar practical. It also shows some results obtained from current work in this field.

Conclusion:The Bat-mobile is a `wild robot' - there is no switch  to turn it off. I once parked the prototype in a dark  corner, with a piece of cloth covering the solar  panel. A day later it was caught in an attempt to  very slowly wriggle free! But it is still a very primitive  beast, not at all capable of looking after itself in a  randomly chosen environment.  Is there a future in this, one may wonder. Will  something like the Bat-mobile ever lead to a useful  kind of wild robot, or is it just a toy, a dead end as  far as the development of robots is concerned?  What will a real robot come to look like? Certainly  not like Commander Data from Star Trek. There will  always be cheaper ways to make something that so  closely resembles a man. 

Many chores we would gladly have a robot  do - vacuuming the house, mowing the grass - demand something smaller, equipped with  tools for the job. Even better would be a  robot with more than one body: a collective  organism. Then if you had a larger house or  lawn, you wouldn't need another model, just  more of the same robot. The advantage isn't  just cheaper mass production. A collective  organism never breaks down! The many little sub-robots divide the work between them,  and automatically take over from one that  stops. The robot as a whole continues, even  if most of his `body' is defective. It will just  mow or vacuum a bit slower. And repair is  easy. You just buy a few more sub-robots.  Small and simple really do have the future.