Wheat Production

13

Stripe rust (yellow rust)

Puccinia glumarum (P. striiformis)

on culms and leaf sheaths; later, the pustules turn black grains become shrivelled

varieties, e.g. ‘Malvshree (HI8381), Vidisha (DL-803-3), Vidisha (DL-788-2), GW-273, Atal (K-9644), Malvratna (HD-4672), etc

Mosaic mottling of leaves sometimes associated with flecking; also infects oats and wheat

Tolerant varieties Raj-3765, PBW_343, Ganga (HD-2643), Rajeshwari (HP-1744), Shresth (HD-2687), VL-804, Gangotri (K-9162), etc. Seed treatment (2.6 g/kg) and spray (3.2 kg/ha) with Oxycarboxin

14

Leaf rust (brown rust)

Puccinia recondite

Round or oblong, orange, scattered pustules on loaves and sometimes on leaf sheaths; later, pustules turn black and remain covered with a thin membrane

Grow resistant varieties like ‘Malvshree (HI-8381), vidisha (DL-803-3), Raj – 3765), PBW-343, Ganga (HD-2643), Rajeswari (HP1744), Vidisha (DL-788-2), GW-273, Narendra Wheat (NW-1012), Narendra Wheat (NW-1014), Shresth (HD2687), Malavshakti (HI8498), Malavratna (HD4672), HD-2733, VL-804, Gangotri (K-9162)’, etc.; compound RH-124 is specific for this disease; Zineb and Dithane M-45 spray (3kg/ha)

1 5

Powdery mildew

Erysiphe graminis

White to dark powdery masses appear on all aerial parts of the plant

16

Mosaic streak

Virus

Chlorotic leaves

Dust with finely powdered sulphur @ 15-20 kg per hectare ; grow resistant varieties; soil treatment with Benomyl (600-1000g/100kg) Sow resistant varieties, e.g. ‘Ridley’, ‘N.P-803’, ‘N. P.809’, ‘E 4647’, ‘E 0003’ ‘E 6831’

17

Yellow dwarf

Virus

18

Earcockle

Anguina tritici

19

Tandu (Yellow ear rot)

Corynebacterium tritici and nematodes

General yellowing and dwarfing; also infects oats and wheat Leaf blades generally twisted; infected ears are shorter and remain green longer; awns are more spreading; affected grains transformed into one or more small galls Leaves of affected plants curl; a bright yellow slimy ooze appears on leaves and inflorescence; inflorescence agglutinized, and no seeds formed ; grains transformed into small

Anguina tritici complex

streaks

on

Resistant varieties ‘Sun’, ‘Red Russian’ Use clean seed, free from galls for sewing; remove galls by sieving or by floatation in 20% salt solution; rogue out diseased plants Use clean seed, free from galls for sewing; remove galls by sieving or by floatation in 20% salt solution; rogue out diseased plants

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ADDITIONAL SPECIFIC TECHNOLOGY RECOMMENDED FOR CULTIVATION OF WHEAT

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ZeroTillage (ZT) Technology Rice-Wheat is one of the major cropping systems that occupied approximately 10.5 million hectares area in the Indo-gangatic plains. The factors responsible for the success of the systems are good economic return, available marketing infrastructure and less risk associated in the cultivation of these crops. It is well known that for better production, the sowing of Wheat should take place well in time. If the sowing of Wheat is delayed beyond 25th November, the yield of Wheat decreases @ about 30 kg/ ha/day. It has been observed that the major area which is covered under the Rice-Wheat Cropping system, the sowing of Wheat is going to be delayed due to multiple reasons viz, preparations of field, uncertain rain fall and harvesting in traditional methods. Out of these, the field preparation is one of the most important reason, which causes delay in Wheat sowing. In general, farmers execute 4-6 tractor operations in various parts of Indo-Gangatic plains depending on soil types, with various implements to prepare the field for sowing of Wheat. In zero-tillage, without any field preparation, Wheat is sown directly after the harvest of Rice using a specially designed seed -cum -fertilizer drill. Under timely sown conditions, zero tillage can save field preparation costs of around Rs.2,000 - 2,500/- per hectare. General instructions and precautions while using Zero-till-fertilizer-seed-drill (i)

At

the

time

of

sowing,

there

should

be

proper

moisture

in

the

held.

(ii) Rice should be harvested near the ground and the left -over stubble should not be more than 15 cms. in height and field should be free from weeds. (iii) At the time of sowing the seed drill should be lifted up or lower down very slowly to avoid by choking of furrow opener by soil, otherwise seed and fertilizer will not drill in the furrow. (iv) If Rice crop is harvested by combine, then Rice straw should be thrown out from the field or it may he burned. (v) To avoid lose due to bird and loose smut, seed should he treated with Vitavax/ Bavistin @ 2.5 gm per Kg of Wheat seed. (vi) The requirement of seed under Zero tillage has been found to be around 20-25% higher as compared to conventional practices and the optimum seed rate is 140-I50 kg/ha. (vii)

Sowing

depth

should

be

maintained

about

5

to

6

cms.

(viii) The method can he used in almost all type of soil expect very heavy clay soils. (ix) Light planker may be used behind the Zero tillage machine, if after sowing the seed remain viable in the slit made by the zero till drill, will germinate and there is no need to cover them. The Machine The Zero Tillage machine developed by GBPUA&T, Pantnagar is suitable to sow crop immediately after the Rice harvest without going in for field preparation. In this machine, the knife type tines are used for cutting open the slits in the soil to place seed at appropriate depth. The machine has balancing wheel on one side and a rigid driving - cum- balancing wheel on the other side. As the