Trigger Point rESWT
Kristiansand 25-27 august 2006 © Kosub/Thieme 2004
Soft Shockwave Therapy Dr. med. Martin Kosub
MD, Orthopaedist chiropractice, naturopathy, outpatient surgery, sports medicine, rehabilitation, acupuncture, paediatric chiropractice
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Mechanical Trigger Point Therapy • musculature: – largest single organ
• 50% of body weight
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Case Report • Patient I.L. ♀
– Date of birth: 26.09.1942 – Disc operation (Nucleotomia, Hemilaminectomia 10/2001) – For the last 18 months aches and pains in the left leg again, in the L5 segment, with paraesthesia, no reduction in muscular strength – Sitting for long periods was painful © Kosub/Thieme 2004
Case Report • MRI 16.04.2004
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Case Report • Therapy
– segmental injections – anti-inflammatory infusions – chiropractice – physiotherapy (pelvic torsion) – CT controlled blockades root L5/S1 left., – facette joint L5/S1 • ►worsening of symptoms
– hospitalisation © Kosub/Thieme 2004
Case Report • hospitalisation: 6.-16.04.2004 – Diagnosis: Postdiscectomiesyndrome I°
• • • • • • •
minimal invasive spinal therapy lumbar root blockades twice daily lumbar epidural anaesthetic facette injections physiotherapy back training electrotherapeutics
►no recovery! © Kosub/Thieme 2004
TP Shockwave
aus Travell + Simons „Handbuch der Muskeltriggerpunkte
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Trigger Points
Dr. Janet G. Travell (1901-1997)
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Trigger Point
aus Travell + Simons „Handbuch der Muskeltriggerpunkte
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Trigger Point • Neuromuscular Disease – approx. 100 maximal contracted Sarkomers (equal to one motor end-plate) – Permanent recurring contractions because of depolarisation of the postsynaptic membrane
• (end-plate noise)
– Endurance contraction – increasing demand of metabolism – Constriction of the capillary network, lack of blood supply • (contraction of more than 30-50% of the maximum power disrupts the vessel flow in a muscle)
– Energy crisis—production of vasoactive agents that irritate the nociceptors aus Travell + Simons „Handbuch der Muskeltriggerpunkte
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Trigger Point
• latent trigger points (no identification of the pain, no spontaneous pain) • active trigger points (identification of the pain, rest pain) • satellite trigger point
aus Travell + Simons „Handbuch der Muskeltriggerpunkte
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Referred Pain
aus Travell + Simons „Handbuch der Muskeltriggerpunkte
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Satellite Trigger Point
aus Travell + Simons „Handbuch der Muskeltriggerpunkte
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
“Taut Bands” and Trigger Points
Taut Band Local Twitch © Kosub/Thieme 2004
Findings
1.) pressure provocation, taut band a.) pressure pain on knot (disappears after treatment) b.) local and referred pain 2.) identification of activated pain a.) yes: active trigger point b.) no: latent trigger point 3.) referred sensory phenomena 4.) local twitch during strong palpation or tweaking of the muscle (spinal reflex) 5.) reduced range of motion, reduced tensibility (Screening) 6.) pain provocation by extension of the muscle 7.) painful contraction 8.) muscular weakness
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Concerning Innervation • Trochanter-tendinosis
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Concerning Innervation •
L5 – M. gluteus medius, M. gluteus maximus, M. gluteus minimus – M. tensor fasciae latae
N. glutaeus superior
– – – – –
M. piriformis M. biceps femoris M. iliocostalis lumborum M. obturatorius internus Mm. intertransversarii lat. + med. lumborum – Mm. multifidi lumborum – Various other thigh and lower leg muscles – not M. vastus lateralis, medialis and intermedius (L4)
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Trochanter-Tendinosis
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Vertebral Reflex Syndrome (Goodheart, 1987 , Walther 2000, Leaf, 1996)
• Vertebral Dysfunction – soft tissue dysfunction:
• • • • •
hypertonia myotendinoses lymphatic congestion circulatory dysfunction imbalance of the acupuncture pathways
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Therapy • Treating releasing factors
– joint disorders (Greenman) – causes of nerve irritation (structural damage)
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Spray and Stretch
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Trigger Shockwave
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Soft Shockwave Therapy
– experience report: Lohse-Busch, Bad Krozingen – percussion-technique by R. Fulham / Goodheart – 2002: development of the Facilitated Oscillatory Release (FOR) (Zachary J. Comeaux) – V.T. Nazarov: application of vibrations to stimulate the muscular fibres
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Effect of TST Hypothesis mechanical: spindle-cells golgi-tendon-organ transient denervation of nerve endings acute pain treatment
chemical: First increase, after 6 weeks release of substance P and endorphines Anti-inflammatory and analgetic effect
Blocking of the enzyme COX II
reactive: hyperaemia increased metabolism neoplasm of vessels
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Technique
palpation for locating the trigger-point (TP) treatment of tigger-points: frequency 15 Hz rate of impulses 400600 pressure 1.2 – 2.8 bar
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Smoothing Smooth out the muscle
frequency 15 Hz rate of impulses total 1000-2000 pessure 1.2 – 2.2 bar
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
Treating Key Lesions Algorithm of Lumbalgia
• • • • • •
M. rectus abdominis M. quadratus lumborum M. glutaeus minimus bds. M. glutaeus medius bds. M. iliopsoas M. piriformis (nach Buchmann)
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
M. rectus abdominis
from Travell + Simons „Handbuch der Muskeltriggerpunkte
© Kosub/Thieme 2004
M. rectus abdominis
© Kosub/Thieme 2004