Vitamin Deficiencies & Excess
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VIT. B1 B2 B3
DAILY REQ.
SOURCES
• 0.5 mg/d.
• MFEM. • All legumes, nuts, whole grain cereals & oil seeds. • 0.5 mg/d. for inf. • As B1. • 1 mg/d. for ch. • 5 mg/d.
o Diarrhea, dementia & dermatitis. • Irritability, convulsions, hypochromic anaemia, peripheral neuritis in patients receiving isoniazid & oxaluria.
B6
B12
• 50 μg/d.
• GLV.
• 0.5 μg/d.
• Muscles, organ meat, EFM & cheese.
• Dermatitis & seborrhea (inactivated by avidin in raw egg white).
• 30 mg/d. for inf. • 50 mg/d. for ch.
• Citrus fruits, tomatoes, cabbage & GLV (cooking has a destructive effect).
• Scurvy:
• 1000-2000 IU/d.
• Retinol in animal food: Liver, MFEM.
C
• Carotenes (provitamin) in plants: Dark GV.
A
D E K
• 400-800 U/d. • 1500 U/d. for prematures. • 5 mg/d. • 5 μg/d for inf. • 15 μg /d. for ch.
• Fish liver oil, vitamin D fortified milk & exposure to sunlight (ultraviolet rays). • Germ oils of seeds, GLV, nuts & legumes. • GLV & liver.
MFEM = Meat, Fish, Eggs & Milk.
• Skin flushing, itching & hepatosplenomegaly. • Sensory neuropathy.
• Megaloplastic anaemia. • Juvenile pernicious anaemia.
• Yeasts, animal products & synthesized in intestine.
BIOTIN
EXCESS
o Dry: Polyneuritis. o Wet: HF. • Angular stomatitis, cheilosis, glossitis & photophobia.
• Pellagra:
• As B1.
• 0.6 mg/d.
F.A.
DEFICIENCY • Beri-beri:
o Subperiosteal haemorrhage, rosaries, bleeding gums, haemorrhage & poor wound healing. • Ocular manifestations: o Night blindness. o Dry conjunctiva & cornea (xerosis). o Keratomalacia & photophobia. • Other manifestations: o Retarded growth. o Impaired resistance to infection.
• Rickets.
• Haemolysis in prematures. • Haemorrhage.
• Oxaluria.
• Acute: o Pseudo-tumor cerebri. • Chronic: o Slow growth. o Anorexia. o Hepatosplenomegaly. o ↑ ICT. o Carotenemia. o Drying & cracking of skin. • Nausea, weight loss. • Polyurea, nocturia. • Calcification of soft tissues. • • Synthetic analogues may produce hyperbilirubinaemia in prematures.
GLV = Green Leafy Vegetables. Esnips.com/user/ma7moud
v Photophobia: 1. B2. 2. A.
v Dermatitis: 1. B3. 2. Biotin.
v Hemorrhage: 1. C. 2. E. 3. K.
v Neuropathy:
1. B1 (poly-neuritis). 2. B6 (peripheral neuritis) in deficiency & (sensory neuropathy) in excess.
v Hepato-spleno-megaly: 1. B3 excess. 2. A excess.
Esnips.com/user/ma7moud
DAILY REQ.
SOURCES
• 0.5 mg/d.
• MFEM. • All legumes, nuts, whole grain cereals & oil seeds. • 0.5 mg/d. for inf. • As B1. • 1 mg/d. for ch. • 5 mg/d.
o Diarrhea, dementia & dermatitis. • Irritability, convulsions, hypochromic anaemia, peripheral neuritis in patients receiving isoniazid & oxaluria.
B6
B12
• 50 μg/d.
• GLV.
• 0.5 μg/d.
• Muscles, organ meat, EFM & cheese.
• Dermatitis & seborrhea (inactivated by avidin in raw egg white).
• 30 mg/d. for inf. • 50 mg/d. for ch.
• Citrus fruits, tomatoes, cabbage & GLV (cooking has a destructive effect).
• Scurvy:
• 1000-2000 IU/d.
• Retinol in animal food: Liver, MFEM.
C
• Carotenes (provitamin) in plants: Dark GV.
A
D E K
• 400-800 U/d. • 1500 U/d. for prematures. • 5 mg/d. • 5 μg/d for inf. • 15 μg /d. for ch.
• Fish liver oil, vitamin D fortified milk & exposure to sunlight (ultraviolet rays). • Germ oils of seeds, GLV, nuts & legumes. • GLV & liver.
MFEM = Meat, Fish, Eggs & Milk.
• Skin flushing, itching & hepatosplenomegaly. • Sensory neuropathy.
• Megaloplastic anaemia. • Juvenile pernicious anaemia.
• Yeasts, animal products & synthesized in intestine.
BIOTIN
EXCESS
o Dry: Polyneuritis. o Wet: HF. • Angular stomatitis, cheilosis, glossitis & photophobia.
• Pellagra:
• As B1.
• 0.6 mg/d.
F.A.
DEFICIENCY • Beri-beri:
o Subperiosteal haemorrhage, rosaries, bleeding gums, haemorrhage & poor wound healing. • Ocular manifestations: o Night blindness. o Dry conjunctiva & cornea (xerosis). o Keratomalacia & photophobia. • Other manifestations: o Retarded growth. o Impaired resistance to infection.
• Rickets.
• Haemolysis in prematures. • Haemorrhage.
• Oxaluria.
• Acute: o Pseudo-tumor cerebri. • Chronic: o Slow growth. o Anorexia. o Hepatosplenomegaly. o ↑ ICT. o Carotenemia. o Drying & cracking of skin. • Nausea, weight loss. • Polyurea, nocturia. • Calcification of soft tissues. • • Synthetic analogues may produce hyperbilirubinaemia in prematures.
GLV = Green Leafy Vegetables. Esnips.com/user/ma7moud
v Photophobia: 1. B2. 2. A.
v Dermatitis: 1. B3. 2. Biotin.
v Hemorrhage: 1. C. 2. E. 3. K.
v Neuropathy:
1. B1 (poly-neuritis). 2. B6 (peripheral neuritis) in deficiency & (sensory neuropathy) in excess.
v Hepato-spleno-megaly: 1. B3 excess. 2. A excess.
Esnips.com/user/ma7moud
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