Vitamin

vitamin

Active form

Function

Vitamin A (Chemical names Retinol) Vitamin D (Chemical names cholicalcifero l (animals) and ergocalcifero l)

Vitamin E (Chemical name αtocopherol)

Retinol, Retinal

Visual function

1,25 dihydroxy cholicalceferol

-Required for the absorption and utilization of calcium and phosphorous. - Growth and development of bones and teeth.

(1,25 DHCC)

Unoxidised α tocopherol

Vitamin K (Chemical name Phylloquino ne)

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Vitamin C (Chemical name Ascorbic acid)

Dehydro ascorbic acid

Fat soluble antioxidant. Protect cell membranes, lipids vitamin A and carotenes from oxidative damage. -Blood clotting. -Required by the liver for the formation of prothrombin - formation of new bones and in prevention of osteoporosis.

Water soluble antioxidant.

Deficiency disease Xerophthalmia (dry eyes), conjunctivitis, and night blindness, Day blindness - Rickets. - Ostomalacia in adults. - osteoporosis

Hemolysis, muscular weakness.

precursor

hypervitamin osis

β-carotene and retinol ester

An over dose of it may cause toxicity problems. Symptoms of toxicity include headache, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness

Ergosterol in plants & 7dehydrocholesterol in animals.

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Sources Fish liver oil, leafy vegetables sun light,

Hypercalcemia, calcification of kidneys

Live, egg yolk, milk

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Vegetable oils, fish oil, grains, leafy green vegetables. germ oil.

Hypoprothrombinae mia Vegetables,

fat malabsorption, Neonates
Scury disease

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intestinal bacterial flora

Abundant in citrus fruits.

Vitamin B1 (Chemical name Thiamin)

- serve as a coenzyme in oxidative decarboxylation of Q- keto acids, Thiamin pyrophosphat e (TPP)

(Chemical name Riboflavin)

vitamin

FMN and FAD

neurological problems ,

- carbohydrate metabolism

-Hydrogen carrier, -Essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates , fat and proteins. - production of energy.

Active form

Rice ,

chronic alcoholics ,

- transketolase reaction.

- including skeletal and cardiac muscles , liver kidney and brain

Vitamin B2

Beriberi ,

Meat , -------

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Peas ,

wet beriberi ,

Grain ,

dry beriberi

-Dairy products

Ariboflavinosis , Sore skin ,

Function

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Chelosis.

Deficiency disease

precurs or

hypervitami nosis

-Important at the time of extensive protein metabolism such as in pregnancy,lactation,anemia.

(Chemical name Cyanocobala min)

Methyl B12 and 5-deoxyadenocyl cobalamin.

Shifting of hydrogen

Sources

grains pellagra

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liver egg leafy green vegetables

- specific for the metabolism of tryptophan.

Vitamin B12

(liver, heart)

seeds

-Required for the metabolism of protein.

Pyridoxal phosphate.

-organ meats

-dark green vegetables.

-Transamination and deamination.

Vitamin B6 (Chemical name Pyridoxine)

Beans ,

-Megaloblastic anemia, -destruction of intrinsic factor

animal products -------

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(meat, liver, eggs ,milk)

- Some niacin is

-Hydrogen carrier. Niacin or Niacinamide

NAD/ NADP

-metabolism of carbohydrates, fatty acids , amino acids

produced in the body from tryptophan.

Pellagra

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- production of energy

Pantothenic acid

Coenzyme A

transfer of acetyl or acyl groups

Its deficiency is rare

animal tissues, -------

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Biotin

Carboxybiocytin

Carboxylation reactions.

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Folic acid

Tetrahydrofolate (THFA)

- essential for the biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine.

Hatem alsrour- King Saud University- College of Nursing

-megaloblastic anemia - breathlessness

- egg yolk, animal tissues, tomatoes, yeast

- cot death (SIDS) -transfer and utilization of single carbon

whole grains, cereals and legumes. - It is synthesized by intestinal bacterial flora.

-It is rare. -Consumption of raw egg can cause deficiency of biotin

- Yeast, liver, legumes, milk, meat and tryptophan containing foods

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green leafy vegetables, and grains and nuts. Liver and kidney