Visha And Its Therapeutic Imp

VISHA AND ITS THERAPEUTIC USES

Dr.Gaurav Desai 07/13/09

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CONTENTS • • • • • • • • • •

INTRODUCTION SOURCE OF VISHA QUALITIES OF VISHA TYPES OF VISHA USE OF VISHA QUALITIES OF VISHA USEFUL IN TREATMENT INDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS USING VISHA IN THEREPEUTICS MODERN CONCEPTS

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INTRODUCTION • • • • • •

Health is Wealth Diseases due to many factors Role of Physician Intervention Different types of treatments Ultimate goal Restore health Including use of Vishas in treatment

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SOURCE OF VISHA Mythological story Samudra Manthan Emergence of a Purusha Fierce looking Produced great discomfort in the world • Settled on the earth as Sthavara and Janghama visha • • • • •

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QUALITIES OF VISHA sÉbÉÑ Â¤ÉÇ AÉvÉÑ ÌuÉvÉSÇ urÉuÉÌrÉ

iÉϤhÉÇ ÌuÉMüÉÍxÉ xÉÔ¤ÉqÉç EwhÉ AÌlÉSãïvrÉ UxÉ -cÉ.ÍcÉ.23/24

AmÉÉÌMü -A¹ÉÇaÉç ¾ÒûSrÉ 35/7 07/13/09

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TYPES OF VISHA • Sthavara: Minerals and Metals Tamra, tuttha, Haratala, Manashila etc. Plant origin Visha : vatsanabha etc. Upavisha: Kuchala etc. • Janghama (Animal origin) Snakes, Insects, Spiders etc. (R.T 24)

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USE OF VISHA • rÉÉãaÉÉSÌmÉ ÌuÉwÉÇ iÉϤhÉqÉѨÉqÉÇ pÉãwÉeÉÇ pÉuÉãiÉç| pÉãwÉeÉÇ cÉÉÌmÉ SÒrÉÑï£üÇ iÉϤhÉÇ xÉÇmɱiÉã ÌuÉwÉqÉç|| cÉ.xÉÔ 1/126

• ÌuÉwÉÇ pÉuÉÌiÉ mÉÏrÉÑwÉÇ qÉɧÉrÉÉ ÌuÉÌlÉrÉÉãÎeÉiÉqÉç I 07/13/09

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QUALITIES OF VISHA HELPFUL IN TREATMENT • rÉÉãaÉuÉÉÌWû • mÉëqÉÉÍjÉ • ÌuÉwÉblÉ • UxÉÉrÉlÉ 07/13/09

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rÉÉãaÉuÉÉÌWû rÉÉãaÉɱÉãÌaÉlÉÉã aÉÑhÉÇ uÉWûiÉÏÌiÉ rÉÉãaÉuÉÉWûÉ:| cÉ¢ümÉÉÍhÉ( cÉ,ÍcÉ, 3/38-39)

urÉuÉÉÌrÉÇ cÉ ÌuÉMüÉÍxÉÇ cÉ xrÉÉixÉÔ¤ÉÇ NãûÌS qÉSÉuÉWûqÉç | AÉalÉãrÉÇ eÉÏÌuÉiÉWûUÇ rÉÉãaÉuÉÉÌWû xqÉ×iÉÇ 07/13/09

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Examples: • Use of small amount of Visha in Aindra rasayana in Cha. Chi. 1/3p/25 • Use of in kakodumbara mula kwatha along with Visha in treating kushta Ash. San. 48/31

• Use of Ksheera,Draksha,kapikachu,Vacha with Visha in Nashta Shukra Ash. San. 07/13/09

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mÉëqÉÉÍjÉ • ÌlÉeÉuÉÏrÉãïhÉ rÉSèSìurÉÇ xÉëÉãiÉÉãprÉÉã SÉãwÉxÉÇcÉrÉqÉç| ÌlÉUxrÉÌiÉ mÉëqÉÉÍjÉ xrÉɨɱjÉÉ qÉËUcÉÇ uÉcÉÉ|| -vÉÉ,xÉÇ,mÉÔ 4/23-24.

• Removes accumulated doshas from 07/13/09

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Examples: • Use of Gunja, karaveera, etc Sthavara Vishas in Sannipatodara

Ash.

Hru. Chi. 15/78

• Use of Sarpa Visha in Sannipatodara Ash. Hru. Chi. 15/79

• This is to carried out only with the consent of the relatives and authorities 07/13/09

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ÌuÉwÉblÉ • ÌuÉwÉã mÉëÌiÉÌuÉwÉÇ rÉÉãerÉÇ qÉl§ÉiÉl§ÉåUÍxÉkrÉÌiÉ| AiÉÏiÉã mÉÇcÉqÉã uÉãaÉã xÉmiÉqÉxrÉÉlÉÌiÉ¢üqÉã|| mÉëpÉÉãÌlÉïuÉã± mÉërÉiÉÉã lÉåuÉ uÉÉZrÉÉrÉ MüxrÉÍcÉiÉç|| -A,xÉÇ,E.48/2 • Sthavara and janghama Vishas act as antidotes of each other 07/13/09

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Examples: • vsÉãwqÉiÉÑsrÉaÉÑhÉÇ mÉëÉrÉ: ÎxjÉUqÉÔkuÉïaÉqÉÇ ÌuÉwÉqÉç| mÉëÉrÉ: ÌmɨÉaÉÑhÉårÉÑï£üqÉkÉÉãaÉÉÍqÉ cÉ eÉÇaÉqÉqÉç|| aÉÑhÉåËUÌiÉ ÌuÉmÉrÉïxiÉåÌlÉïWûiÉxiÉã mÉUxmÉUqÉç|| A,xÉÇ,E.48/4

• eÉÇaÉqÉÇ xrÉÉSkÉÉãpÉÉaÉqÉÔkuÉïpÉÉaÉÇ iÉÑ qÉÔsÉeÉqÉç| 07/13/09

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UxÉÉrÉlÉ sÉÉpÉÉãmÉÉrÉÉã ÌWû vÉxiÉÉlÉÉÇ UxÉÉÌSlÉÉÇ UxÉÉrÉlÉqÉç | cÉ, ÍcÉ,1.mÉÉ 1/8

UxÉÉrÉlÉÇ cÉ iÉiÉç ¥ÉãrÉÇ rÉeeÉUÉurÉÉÍkÉlÉÉvÉlÉqÉç| rÉjÉÉÅqÉ×iÉÉ ÂSliÉÏ cÉ aÉÑaaÉÑsÉÑ¶É WûUÏiÉMüÐ || vÉÉ, xÉÇ mÉë, 4/13-14 07/13/09

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Examples: AlrÉãwuÉÌmÉ cÉ UÉãaÉãwÉÑ vÉãwÉÉãmÉÉrÉmÉËU¤ÉrÉã| ÌuÉwÉÇ rÉÑÇeÉÏiÉÇ ÌlÉirÉÇ cÉ UxÉÉrÉlÉaÉuÉãÌwÉhÉ: || -A,xÉÇ,E, 48/46. vɧÉÑ mÉërÉÑ£üÉ ÎuSwÉiÉÉã aÉUÉ²É sÉÔiÉÉpÉÑeÉÇaÉÉZÉÑaÉhÉÉeeÉU ÉrÉÉ:| 07/13/09

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INDICATIONS • ÌuÉwÉmÉërÉÉãaÉÉWïû: bÉ×iÉÉãmÉxM×üiÉSãWûxrÉ ÌuÉvÉÑkSxrÉ ÌWûiÉÉÍvÉlÉ:| xÉÉÎiuÉMüxrÉÉãÌSiÉã pÉÉlÉÉå rÉÉãerÉÇ vÉÏiÉuÉxÉliÉrÉÉã:|| aÉëÏwqÉãmrÉÉirÉÌrÉMãü urÉÉkÉÉå…………..|| -A,xÉÇ,E.48/16

• Person habituated to ghrita bhojana • Person following a proper diet • Esp. in Sheeta rutu (Hemanta, Shishira, 07/13/09

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CONTRAINDICATIONS • ÌuÉwÉÉlÉWûÉï: lÉ cÉ uÉwÉÉïxÉÑ SÒÌSïlÉã| lÉ ¢üÉãkÉlÉã lÉ ÌmɨÉÉiÉãï lÉ ÎYsÉoÉã UÉeÉÌlÉ Ì²eÉã|| ¤ÉѨÉ×whÉÉ ´ÉqÉbÉqÉÉïkuÉurÉÉkrÉliÉUÌlÉmÉÏÌQûiÉã | aÉÍpÉïhÉÏoÉÉsÉuÉ×kSãwÉÑ lÉ Â¤ÉãwÉÑ lÉ qÉqÉïxÉÑ|| • Varsha • Pitta pradhana • Pregnancy, aged and children 07/13/09

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THINGS TO AVOID • AprÉxiÉãÌmÉ ÌuÉwÉã rɦÉɲeÉïlÉÏrÉÉlÉç ÌuÉuÉeÉïrÉãiÉç| MüOèuÉqsÉiÉåsÉsÉuÉhÉÌSuÉÉxuÉm lÉÉiÉmÉÉlÉsÉÉlÉç|| ¤ÉqɳÉÇ ÌuÉvÉãwÉhÉ pÉrÉÇ uÉÉÅeÉÏhÉïiÉ: xÉSÉ|| A.xÉÇ.E.48/18

• Katu, Amla, Lavana • Sleeping in the day • Exposure to winds, sunlight 07/13/09

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Concept of Anti Venom?? • rÉxiÉÑ xÉÇUÉãÌwÉiÉÉã pÉÉãaÉÏ kÉÔqÉÇ uÉY§ÉÉ̲qÉÑÇcÉÌiÉ| ShQûÉaÉëã ÌmÉÍvÉiÉÇ oÉkSèuÉÉ oÉWÒûvÉxiÉãlÉ SÇvÉrÉãiÉç| AvÉYrÉqÉaÉSåUlrÉåÌuÉïwÉmÉÏiÉÇ ÍcÉÌMüixÉMü| mÉÉrÉrÉãlqÉÉÇxÉcÉÔhÉïÇ iÉÇ ¥ÉÉiuÉÉ ÌuÉwÉoÉsÉÉoÉsÉqÉç|| 07/13/09

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USING VISHAS IN THERAPEUTICS • • • • • • • •

Steps involved are: Proper identification Collection of the therapeutically beneficial part Collection in the correct season Shodhana Proper storage Accurate dosage Anupana Diet and regimen

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IDENTIFICATION Plant Latin Name Part used • Vatsanabh Aconitun ferox Wall Kanda • Kuchala Strychnos nuxvomica Beeja • Ahiphena Opium Niryasa • Jayapala Croton tiglium Linn Beeja • Dhattura Datura metel Beeja • Bhanga Cannabis sativa Patra 07/13/09

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Cont... Plant Latin Name Part Used • Gunja Abrus precatorius Beeja • Bhallataka Semicarpus anacardium Beeja • Karaveera Neriun odorum Twak • Langali Gloriosa superba Kanda • Arka Calotropis gigentica Ksheera • Snuhi Euphorbia nerifolia Ksheera 07/13/09

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Cont... • Tamra

Naipala best variety

• Haratala

Patra Haratala best

• Manashila Shyamangi best variety • Naga 07/13/09

Kumara best 24

SHODHANA • E̬¹æUÉãwÉkÉæ: xÉÉkSïÇ Ì¢ürÉiÉã mÉãwÉhÉÉÌSMüqÉç qÉsÉÌuÉÎcNû¨ÉrÉã rɨÉÑ vÉÉãkÉlÉÇ iÉÌSWûÉãcrÉiÉã U.iÉ 2/52 • Process to remove impurities • Dravya can be used therapeutically after this process 07/13/09

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• Detailed shodhana procedures described for all dravyasincluding vishas. • E.g. Vatsanabha in gomutra Dhattura in godugdha Kuchala in kanji Haratala in Kushmanda swarasa Metals by quenching in Taila, 07/13/09

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DOSE • Of paramount importance • Administration in improper doses may prove fatal • Various factors involved in the fixing of dose • e.g. Vatsanabha 1/16th to 1/18th Ratti Ahiphena 1/4th to 1 Ratti Tamra Bhasma 1/8th to 1 Ratti Manashila 1/8th to ¼ ratti 07/13/09

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MODERN CONCEPT • Humans have used poison for a very long time • Socrates 399 B.C Killed • 3000 B.C Pharaoh Menes first person to conduct research into poisons • A papyrus (ancient Egyptian document) dated circa 1553 B.C. found in Luxor, Egypt, in 1872 lists 07/13/09

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CONT… • Paracelsus (1493-1541): "All things are poisons, for there is nothing without poisonous qualities. It is only the dose which makes a thing a poison. A lot kills, a little cures.“ • Even too much water can result in hyponatremia, a dilution of the blood’s salt content, which disrupts brain, heart, and muscle function 07/13/09

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CONT… • About the same time humans came to understand poisons, they set about looking for antidotes to them. • Development of anti venom • Use of poisonous molecules in appropriate doses for treating various conditions 07/13/09

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CONT… • Curare derivatives are currently used to induce neuromuscular blockade during surgery originally developed by indigenous people in South America as a potent poison • Physostigmine is an alkaloid of the Calabar bean originally used in West Africa as a potent poison in witchcraft trials 07/13/09

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CONT… • Belladonna alkaloid atropine : prevent bradycardia during surgery, to dilate the pupils in glaucoma. • Warfarin a potent rat poison(1948). In 1951, a military recruit survived a suicide attempt using warfarin, and researchers perceived that the agent, if properly titrated, could be used therapeutically as an anticoagulant. 07/13/09

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CONT… Botulinum • Botulinum is one of the most poisonous substances known • A gram of botulinum toxin, if dispersed and ingested could kill 20 million people • Botox(Dilute form) anti wrinkle therapy. • Also In Migraine, Cerebral palsy, 07/13/09

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CONT… Carbon Monoxide • This deadly gas kills thousands each year • Small amounts of carbon monoxide might alleviate symptoms of multiple sclerosis, a study in mice suggests • In small doses can prevent injury to blood vessels caused by surgery (Study being carried out) 07/13/09

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CONT… Hydrogen Sulphide • Can be lethal at high concentrations. • Yet researchers in Seattle reported that exposure to hydrogen sulfide gas can lower the heart rate, metabolism, and body temperature in lab mice • Suspended animation protection for humans after a heart attack or stroke, help people survive while waiting for an organ transplant 07/13/09

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CONT… • Epibatidine is the toxic chemical which a tropical frog arms itself against its predators • It is also a superb painkiller. Its two hundred times stronger than morphine • Biophysicists from the University at Buffalo are using a protein from the venom of the Chilean Rose tarantula 07/13/09

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CONT… • The venom from another arachnid is being used to help treat cancer. • Researchers at the Transmolecular Corporation in Cambridge, Mass., have isolated a protein that occurs in the venom of the Israeli yellow scorpion • Found to be useful in Gliomas: a type of brain cancer that's particularly 07/13/09

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REGULATIONS • The Poisons Act 1919 • Central Opium Rules 1934 • The Dangerous Drugs Act 1930 • Schedule E(1) of The Drug And Cosmetic Rules, 1945 07/13/09

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LIST OF POISONOUS SUBSTANCES • Drugs of vegetable origin: 2. Ahiphena Papaver somniferum Linn 3. Arka Calotropis gigantea Linn 4. Bhallataka Semicarpus anacardium Linn 5. Bhanga Cannabis sativa Linn 6. Danti Baliospermum montanum Mull 7. DhatturaDatura metel Linn 07/13/09

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Cont… 7. Gunja Abrus precatorius Linn 8. Jayapala Croton tiglium Linn 9. Karaveera Nerium indicum Mull 10. Langali Gloriosa superba Linn 11. Parasika Yavani Hyoscyamus inibar Linn 12. Snuhi Euphorbia nerifolia Linn 13. Vatsanabha Aconitum ferox 14. Vishamushti Strychnox 07/13/09

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Cont… • Drugs of Animal origin: 2. Sarpa Visha : Snake Poison • 5. 6. 7. 8.

Drugs of Mineral origin: Gauripashana Arsenic Haratala Arseno Sulphide Manashila Arseno Sulphide Parada Mercury

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Cont… 5. Rasa Karpura

Hudrargyri

subchloridum 6. Tuttha

Copper sulphate

7. Hingula

Cinnebar

8. Sindura

Red oxide of lead

9. Giri Sindura 07/13/09

Red oxide of Mercury 42

CONCLUSION • Poisonous substances can be effectively used in therapeutics • In Ayurveda, they are routinely used after proper processing • Esp. in chronic diseases when conventional treatment fails 07/13/09

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Cont… • Modern medicine also uses toxic molecules in treatment • Selection of right condition and dose essential

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REFERENCES • Charaka Samhita • Sushruta Samhita • Ashtang Sangraha • Ashtang Hridaya • Sharangdhara Samhita

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Cont… • Bhavaprakasha Nighantu • Rasatarangini • Ayurvediya Rasashastra Dr.S.N.Mishra • Manual on Drugs and Cosmetics • Internet (www.google.com) 07/13/09

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