Viral Carcinogenesis

Viral Carcinogenesis Solehah Jeffrey 0610108

Viruses infective Viruses cancer Cancers infectious??

Outline

1. Overview 2. HTLV-1 -Human T cell Leukemia

Virus Type 1 3. HPV-Human Papillomavirus 4. EBV- Epstein-Barr virus 5. KSHV/HHV-8 –Kaposi sarcoma Herpesvirus/ Human Herpes Virus-8 6. HBV – Hepatitis B Virus

Overview Viruses are responsible for 12.83% of human  cancers. Additional factors needed 

Peyton Rous

ONCOGENIC VIRUSES    

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RNA oncogenic viruses 0.03 (Leukemia) 1. HTLV-1 - Leukemia (0.03%) +5.3 (Cervical cancer) +1.0 (Burkitt’s Lymphoma, Hodgkin DNA oncogenic viruses Lymphoma, 1. HPV- Cervical cancer Nasopharyngeal ca., (5.3%) and B2. EBVBurkitt’s Lymphoma, Hodgkin cell Lymphoma ) Lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal ca., and B+1.5 (Kaposi Sarcoma) cell Lymphoma (1.0%) +5.0 (Liver cancer) 3. KSHV – Kaposi Sarcoma(1.5%) 4.=12.83% HBV – Liver cancer (5.0%) (total percentage of cancer caused by

HTLV-1 (Human T cell Leukemia Virus Type 1) 

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Transmission  Blood products  Breastfeedin g Strong tropism for  Sexual T-cells contact Adult cell leukemia/ lymphoma develops in only

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HTLV-I is endemic in The Caribbean  Japan  South America  parts of Africa 

HTLV-1 (Human T cell Leukemia Virus Type 1) Region called pX TAX protein IL-2

GMCSF IL-2 receptor

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) Over 60 genetically distinct types  HPV 16 : 64% of cervical cancer  HPV 18: 8% of cervical cancer  Risk factor:  5Th most  HPV 16 + HPV 18 = 72%  Smoking frequent  Benign warts : Type 1, of cervical cancer cancer in  Immune 2,4, 7 women  Genital warts with low malignant potential : suppression HPV 6 and 11  X-ray radiation 

HPV (Human Papillomavirus) 

E6

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HPV

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inactivates p53 tumor suppressor genes Degrade BAX

binds to Rb protein 

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E7

release of E2F transcriptio n factor

induce cellular DNA synthesis

EBV (Epstein-Barr virus)  

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90% of adults infected Establish a lifelong latency African form of Burkitt lymphoma (Malaria) B-cell lymphomas (Immune deficiency) Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Salted fish) Hodgkin lymphoma

EBV (Epstein-Barr virus) 

EBV

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LMP-1

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prevents apoptosis by activating BCL-2

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B-cell immortalization

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B-cell proliferation

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KSHV(Kaposi sarcoma Herpesvirus) or HHV-8 (Human Herpes Virus-8) 

Cancer of lymphatic endothelium

Kaposi sarcoma tumor

Spindle cells  Highly vascularabnormal dense and irregular blood vessels  Leak RBC 

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Kept under immunological control and only presents a problem during immunosuppression. Risk factors:

KSHV(Kaposi sarcomaHerpesvirus) or HHV-8 (Human Herpes Virus-8)

HBV (Hepatitis B virus) 

400 million infected worldwide

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Far east, south east Asia, and Africa 

Risk factors  smoking  superinfection with Hepatitis D virus 

HBV (Hepatitis B virus) HBV Produce a viral protein called HBx Directs inactivation of p53 Inhibition of apoptosis Cell immortalization

Conclusion …

Thank You !!

References Kumar, Cotran, Robbins (2003): Basic pathology Cooper, M. G. (1995): Oncogenes McCance, D. J. (1998): Human Tumor Viruses Haaheim, L.R., Pattison, J.R., Whitley,R.J. (2002): A practical guide to clinical virology Wyke, J: Viruses and cancer Howley. P.M (2001): Viral carcinogenesis Fline, S.J (2000): Principles of virology Neal, A.J. & Hoskin, P.J. (1997): Clinical oncology Gross, L (1983): Oncogenic viruses www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humant_papill omavirus http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/hpv.html www.rdoc.org.uk http://www.cdc.gov http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cervical_intraepithelial_neoplasia http://adv.webmd.com/event.ng