Use Of Medicinal Plant In Keonjhar District.pdf

Use of medicinal plant in Keonjhar district Abstract: Studies of Juang tribe’s dependence of force for their livelihood security are few for Odisha.Ethnomedicinal observation in the district with a potential diversity of medicinal plants have been studied. The study yielded 20 plant species belonging to 18 families those were frequently used in the treatment of various diseases and ailments by the tribal people of Juang of Keonjhar district. The forest dwellers usually collect these rare plants from the nearby forest areas which are easily accessible and medicines are prepared under the guidance of Vaidyas. This communication throws a preliminary idea about the application of traditional medicines against various serious diseases and the plants screened by the Juang tribes to be used as medicine. INTRODUCTION

Keonjhar in Orissa in India is one of the idyllic retreat which attracts tourists from all over. If you wish to explore the unspoilt beauty of the vast acres of green forests in Orissa, then Keonjhar is your ideal destination. Located on the quiet hill side town of Orissa, Keonjhar is a beautiful tourist place. The History of Keonjhar Orissa is equally interesting. The district of Keonjhar was a princely state before it became a part of Orissa. The early History of Keonjhar Orissa still remains a bit vague. It is believed that Keonjhar was a part of the old Khijjinga territory with headquarters at Khijjinga Kota. This was identified with modern Khiching. Later on under the rule of Jyoti Bhanja in the first half of the 12th century A.D. it became a separate state. During the latter half of the 15th century, the Southern half was occupied by King Govinda Bhanja. During his rule Keonjhar in Orissa extended from Singbhum in the North to Sukinda in the South. In the east it extended from Mayurbhanj in the East to the borders of the States of Bonai, Pallahara and Anugul in the West. The History of Keonjhar Orissa states that during the rule of Pratap Balabhadra Bhanja in the 18th century, Tillo and Jujhpada were added to the State. Later on they were recognized as a part of the Keonjhar state granted by the East India Company to Raja Janardan Bhanj in 1804. After this there has been no changes in the Keonjhar's area. Although for some administrative reasons Tillo and Jujhpada were transferred to the districts of Baleshwar and Cuttack. Keonjhar in Orissa in India is an exciting option for Eco tourism in Orissa. There are a number of tribal communities who reside in the Keonjhar district that include names like Santhal, Oraon and Munda. There are some interesting tourist places in Keonjhar which includes the Jagannath Temple, the Vishnu Temple and the Ghaghra Falls. So plan a tour to Keonjhar Orissa and enjoy the breath taking beauty of the greenery around. Odisha being the costal state of Indian sub-continent lies between 170 48’-220 94’N latitude and 81024’ - 87029’ E longitude. This is one of the thickly populated states of India encompassing 30 districts where different group of people belonging to different tribe lives in harmony with nature. Odisha is the second largest tribal populated states in India. As many as 63 tribal communities inhabit in the state of Odisha and this diversity provides ample scope for ethnobiological studies. Botanical Survey of India has already carried out pioneering studies on the tribals of Odisha (1970-71). Saxena et al., studied the ethnobotany of Odisha while Das and Misra (1988) and Nayak et al., (2004) studied the medicinal plants of Koraput district and Kalahandi district respectively. Girach et al., (2001) worked on the medicinal plants of Bhadrak

district which are used in Unani system of medicine. Behera and Misra (2005) worked on the plants used by the Kondha tribes of Odisha in their health care. Odisha has a rich diversity of medicinal plants (Saxena & Dutta, 1975). But the areas of medicinal plants as well as ethnobotany including ethnomedicine are not so well documented and studied. Researches on medicinal plant diversity in Odisha especially ethnomedicine were not paid much attention during the course of time. Therefore it have great potentials to contribute to the sustainable livelihood of the Juang people living in the Keonjhar district by ensuring access to affordable traditional medicines for common ailments. As part of a comprehensive study this paper deals with the traditional uses of medicinal plants by the Juang tribes of Keonjhar district of Odisha.

Study area The studies were conducted in Gonasika panchayat region in Banspal Block of Keonjhar district as this is mainly dominated by Juang people. The district of Keonjhar lying between 21°1’ to 22°1’N latitude and 85°11’ to 86°22’ E longitude represents a panorama of millennia, both from the geographical and anthropological point of view. Spreading over an area of 8,240 sq km, it has waterfalls, roaring gorges, mountains and minerals. About half of the area is covered by forests i.e about 4043 sq km. Out of which 1838.02 sq km area comes under Reserve. OBSERVATIONS

1. Abrus precatorius: L. Syst. Nat. (ed.12).2:472.1767; Haines, Bot. Bihar and Orissa 2:259.1961; Ohashi in Hara & Williams, Enum. Fl.Pl. Nepal 2:103.1979; Saxena & Brahmam, Fl. Orissa 1:445.1994. (Fabaceae) Vernacular Name: Kaincha (O), Crab’s eye (E) Locality: Champanagar; F.N. 25 Uses: About 20 mg. of dry leaf powder is taken with cold water once daily for about 15 days to cure leucorrhoea. Freshly prepared and gently warmed leaf paste along with mustard oil is applied on the affected part to get relief from rheumatic pain. About 10 mg. of juice extract from seeds is taken orally twice daily for 2-3 days for abortion in early stage of conception.

2. Bael Bael can be used in the formulation of Ayurvedic medicine for loss of appetite. Baelextract oil is used to cure respiratory problems. Bael fruit is used in the preparation of candy, squash, toffee, pulp powder, and other eatable products. Aegle Marmelos is anti-inflammatory in nature. Bael or Aegle marmelos is a spiritual, religious and medicinal plant, native of India and Bangaladesh and spread throughout South East Asia. The fruit takes about 10 to 11 months to ripen. Wood Apple is a sweet, aromatic and astringent in nature. Bel has many benefits and uses such as to cure tuberculosis, hepatitis, dysentery, constipation, peptic ulcer, piles and many more, useful in worm infestation and stomach related problems. It’s one of the few Ayurvedic plants whose entire parts from root to leaves are used for different diseases. The fruit balances Kaph and Vata doshas, its roots improve digestion, leaves are good for pain, stem for heart and bel flower’s for curing of diarrhoea. Biological classification of Bael The scientific classification of bael is as below Kingdom: Plantae (Angiosperms) Order: Sapindales Family: Rutaceae Subfamily: Aurantioideae Tribe: Aurantieae Genus: Aegle Species: A. marmelos Binomial name: Aegle marmelos

Health benefits of Bael 

Bael for Tuberculosis: In Ayurveda, it is used for the treatment of tuberculosis.

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Bael for Gynecological disorders: The regular consumption of Bael helps to prevent gynecological related issues.

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Bael for Urinary diseases: Use of bel leads you to overcome the problems of urinary diseases.

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Bael for Diabetes prevention: It has bitter pungent, full of antioxidants and helps to stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin, which leads to lowering of blood sugar. The leaves can be used against diabetes.

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Bael for Digestive disorders: It supports intestinal biological formulations and protects the digestive system from ulceration, reduces the frequency of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), intestinal spasm thus beneficial in treating of dirrrhea, dysentery, and other infections of Elementary canal.

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Bael for Fever prevention: The leaf juice with honey is helpful in prevention of fever.

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Bael for Epilepsy: Flowers are uses as epilepsy tonic.

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Bael for Piles treatment: The extract of unripe bel fruit is helpful in curing of piles and hemorrhoids.

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Bael fights ulcer: Due to its soothing effects on the digestive system, it leads to reduce the acidity level in the stomach thus useful in combating ulcers like gastric ulcers, gastrodudenal ulcers, etc.

Uses of Bael 

Its juice is used to make drink and squashes, especially in summer season because of its sweet and pleasant nature.

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Bael tender leaves are used as salads.

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It cleans the atmosphere as it helps to purify the atmosphere by absorbing the harmful gases from the it.

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It is used to increase appetite.

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Its extract oil is used to cure respiratory problems.

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It is used in the preparation of candy, squash, toffee, pulp powder, and other eatable products.

Medicinal benefits of Bael Bel is known for its medicinal values because of the presence of many bio-chemical substance such as alkaloids, antioxidants, polysaccharides and essential oils.The fleshy inner product of bael is curative, pesticidal, nutritive as well as therapeutic in nature, which is used for the treatment of many diseases and disorders.Wood apple leaves are of therapeutic value and used in lowering of blood cholesterol.It is anti-inflammatory in nature. Its extracts when applied on the exposed area, help to cure inflammation.Bael’s roots are antidiarrhoetic, antidote to snake venom and anti-inflammatory for healing.

Bael juice benefits 

Bael juice is useful in curing of constipation because of its laxative properties.

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Bael juice gives great comfort in heartburn, acidity, hyperacidity and indigestion.

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If you are suffering from intestinal parasites, it is advisable to drink bael juice because of its antidote nature.

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Aegle marmelos juice is good for heart and brain. Bael juice mixed with Ghee, is beneficial in prevention of heart disease. It is also used as heart tonic.

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Chewing of raw leaves of Bael help to solve many gastric problems.

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Bael juice is rich in vitamin C, and good for scurvy treatment.

3. Basil (Tulsi) Basil (Tulsi) has many health and medicinal benefits. It is about 3-5 feet tall. The leaves which are 3-5 cm long have powerful fragrance. Basils are of three types-black basil, white basil and camphor basil. The flowering time of basil is winter and has seeds reddish-black in colour. Holy Basil is very important herbs and has many medicinal applications. Tulsi is used in the treatment of various diseases. Basil plant and its various parts are used in case of insect bite, fever, cardiac diseases, gynecological disorders, respiratory problems, skin disorders, etc. Basil has been used since the ancient times for different ailments. Holy basil is used as voice improver and acts as a germicide and bactericide. It is good to prevent malaria and an effective pain killer. In some texts, it is also known as healer of all diseases. In homeopathy, basil is very effective in the formation of breast during lactation.

Biological classification of tulsi Tulsi, commonly known as holy basil, is growing in popularity in medicinal and culinary circles. It has been used for centuries in India to flavour recipes as well as to help treat disease. Buttt, the secret is out! Western cultures are growing more and more curious about this plant and its extraordinary potential. Scientific name: Ocimum tenuiflorum Family: Lamiaceae Order: Lamiales Kingdom: Plantae Higher classification: Basil Did you know: Being extremely potential in assuring good health of humans, Tulsi must be grown by everyone at home? Health benefits of Tulsi Tulsi tea is a very important component of herbal teas and organic teas, which enhances a sense of well-being. Tulsi tea is a great stress buster and develops resistance against anxiety, tension and stress. It has good amount of antioxidants that helps to contend free radicals. It is one of the important alternatives of coffee and tea. Tulsi Tea good for vision, respiratory system, boost your immune system and stamina and maintain blood sugar level. There is no as such sideeffects of Green Tea. Use of Tulsi Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is well known for its use in Italian cuisine. It is one of the primary ingredients in pesto sauce. Basil is also commonly included in Indonesian, Thai, and Vietnamese cuisine. Basil is used in traditional Tamil and Ayurvedic medicine, which is a form of traditional medicine popular on the Indian subcontinent. There are a number of types of basil, which differ in taste and smell. Sweet basil (the most commercially available basil used in Italian food) has a strong clove scent because of its high concentration of the chemical agent eugenol.Alternatively, lime and lemon basil have a strong citrus scent due to their high concentration of limonene.

Medicinal benefits of Basil 

Anti-inflammatory

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Antioxidant

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Cancer-fighter

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Pain-reducer (analgesic)

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Fever-reducer (antipyretic)

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Diabetes-preventer

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Liver-protector (hepatoprotective)

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Blood vessel-protector

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Anti-stress solution

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Immune-booster

Basil contains antioxidant-rich volatile essential oils, which are considered hydrophobic. This means they don’t dissolve in water and are light and small enough to travel through the air and the pores within our skin. Basil’s volatile essential oils are what give the herb its distinct smell and taste, but they’re also responsible for the healing benefits of basil.

The benefits of basil leaves 

Tulsi is used as germicide, bactericide, deodorant, and anti-oedematous.

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Fresh juice of basil is instilled in ears to get relief from earache.

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Paste of basil and black pepper are used in case of insecticide.

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As a first aid, the paste of fresh leaves is used in case of bleeding.

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Basil juices along with honey remove hiccups.

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Basil extracted oil is used for painkiller.

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Basil leaves juice with honey is good for obese person. Obesity person should take this combination for a period of 2 to 3 months.

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The mix of Tulsi leaves and honey eases sore throat.

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Basil is very important for children as it acts like as weapon against cough, cold, diarrhoea, vomiting, etc.

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Tulsi is good for sore eyes and night-blindness. To have good result, 1 to 2 drops of basil juice are put into eyes.

4. Peppermint or pudina: Mint is a popular herb that can be used fresh or dried in many dishes and infusions. Mint oil is often used in toothpaste, gum, candy, and beauty products. The menthe, or mint, family refers to a group of around 15 to 20 plant species, including peppermint and spearmint. Mint has one of the highest antioxidant capacities of any food. Learning how to use fresh herbs and spices such as mint to add flavour when cooking can also help to cut down on sodium intake. This Medical News Today Knowledge Centre feature is part of a collection of articles on the health benefits of popular foods. It provides a nutritional breakdown of mint and looks at its possible health benefits, how to incorporate more mint into the diet, and any potential health risks associated with consuming mint. Menthol also has a cooling effect and can help relieve a sore throat, especially when combined with tea. Indigestion and gas: Mint is a calming and soothing herb that has been used for thousands of years to aid with upset stomach or indigestion. Biological classification of Peppermint or pudina The scientific name for peppermint (Mentha x piperita) is derived from the name Menthe, a Greek mythological nymph who transformed herself into the plant, and from the Latin piper meaning "pepper." DOMAIN: Eukarya (Eukaryotic) KINGDOM: Plantae (Plant) SUBKINGDOM: Tracheobionta (Vascular Plant) SUPERDIVISION: Spermatohyta (Seed Plant) PHYLUM: Angiospermophyta (Flowering Plant) CLASS: Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledon) ORDER: Lamiales FAMILY: Lamiaceae (Mint Family) GENUS: Mentha (Mint) SPECIES: Mentha x piperita (Peppermint)

Various name of Peppermint or pudina Peppermint. Peppermint (Mentha × piperita, also known as Mentha balsamea Wild.) is a hybrid mint, a cross between watermint and spearmint. Indigenous to Europe and the Middle East, the plant is now widely spread and cultivated in many regions of the world. It is occasionally found in the wild with its parent species. Health benefits of Peppermint or pudina 

Mint is the name for over a dozen plant species, including peppermint and spearmint that belong to the genus Mentha.

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These plants are particularly known for the cooling sensation they impart. They can be added to foods in both fresh and dried forms.

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Mint is a popular ingredient in several foods and beverages, ranging from teas and alcoholic drinks to sauces, salads and desserts.

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While eating the plant offers some health benefits, research shows that several of mint’s health benefits come from applying it to the skin, inhaling its aroma or taking it as a capsule.

Use of Peppermint or pudina A true botanical wonder, mint is a breeze to care for, and its pleasing aroma makes it a welcome addition to the garden. The best part about this easy-to-grow herb is its usefulness. Mint makes a delicious addition to meals, a healthful tea, a fragrant potpourri and an insect-deterring spray. This sweet-smelling plant also has soothing and anesthetic properties that make it a great fit for homemade body-care products. To grow mint, get a cutting from a friend or purchase a starter plant at a nursery. (Mint doesn’t reproduce true from seed.) Mint can actually be too easy to grow—it sometimes takes over the garden—so give this attractive ground cover plenty of room to spread, or plant it in a container. 1. All aBuzz: Growing mint will keep your yard and garden buzzing with beneficial insects. Mint is rich in nectar and pollen, and its small flower clusters keep these sweet treats easily accessible for helpful bugs such as honeybees and hoverflies. 2. Bug Off: While it attracts “good bugs,” mint also deters “bad bugs.” Repel ants and flies by growing pennyroyal mint right outside your door, or spray diluted peppermint essential oil (10 parts water to one part oil) around doorways and windows.

3. Flea Free: Keep pets free of bothersome fleas with this homemade repellent: Bundle 2 parts fresh spearmint, 1 part fresh thyme and 1 part fresh wormwood, and tuck it inside a small pillow. Place the pillow near your pet’s bed or another favourite resting place. 4. Room Refresher: Keep your home smelling fresh by adding a few drops of mint essential oil to your favourite homemade or unscented store-bought cleaner. Try this simple floor cleaning solution, good for wood, concrete or tile floors: Dilute a cup of white vinegar in a gallon of water and add 3 to 5 drops of mint essential oil. 5. Beverage Booster: Mint is refreshing in iced beverages. Add sprigs of fresh mint to a pitcher of water or plain iced tea, let it sit for 30 minutes or more, and serve it over ice. If you enjoy cocktails, mix fresh mint into homemade juleps or mojitos. 6. Veggie Revamp: Enjoy an interesting twist on a vegetable medley by adding fresh or dried chopped mint to peas, green beans, carrots or cauliflower during their last two minutes of cooking. 7. Divine Desserts: Mix 2 tablespoons finely chopped fresh mint leaves into chocolate chip cookie dough and bake as usual for wonderfully minty treats. 8. Breath Saver: You don’t have to rely on mint gum or candies to freshen your breath. A sprig of your favourite fresh mint variety will get rid of bad breath just as well. Simply pluck and Medicinal benefits of Peppermint or pudina 

Common cold: Mint contains menthol, a natural aromatic decongestant that helps to break up phlegm and mucus, making it easier to expel.8 Menthol also has a cooling effect and can help relieve a sore throat, especially when combined with tea.

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Indigestion and gas: Mint is a calming and soothing herb that has been used for thousands of years to aid with upset stomach or indigestion. Mint is thought to increase bile secretion and encourage bile flow, which helps to speed and ease digestion (and which may also support healthy cholesterol levels).9 Peppermint is also thought to relieve pain and discomfort from gas and bloating. Peppermint tea is a common home remedy for flatulence.

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): The use of peppermint oil has been found to be an effective and safe treatment for those suffering from abdominal pain or discomfort associated with IBS. 2,5Enteric-coated capsules are most effective and prevent the capsule from dissolving in the stomach, which could cause heartburn.

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In one double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 75% of patients with IBS who took enteric-coated peppermint oil capsules twice daily for 4 weeks had at least a 50% reduction in total IBS symptoms (compared to no significant change in patients taking a placebo).10

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Gastric ulcers: In a study in animals, menthol was found to help protect the lining of the stomach from the negative effects of indomethacin and ethanol, giving it a potential role in preventing gastric ulcers associated with alcohol consumption and regular use of painkillers.11

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Pain relief: Applying peppermint extract externally has been found to increase pain threshold in humans.12 Part of the bushmint family (Hyptis), Brazilian mint (Hyptis crenata) has been found to be as effective for pain relief as a synthetic aspirin-style drug indomethacin when taken as a "tea."

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Skin: When applied topically in oil, ointment or lotion, mint has the effect of calming and cooling skin affected by insect bites, rash or other reactions.

Benefits juice of Peppermint or pudina Menthol also has a cooling effect and can help relieve a sore throat, especially when combined with tea. Indigestion and gas: Mint is a calming and soothing herb that has been used for thousands of years to aid with upset stomach or indigestion. ... Peppermint tea is a common home remedy for flatulence. 5. Henna or Mehdi: Mehndi is a form of body art originating from the Indian subcontinent, in which decorative designs are created on a person's body, using a paste, created from the powdered dry leaves of the henna plant (Lawsonia inermis). Dating back to ancient India, mehndi is still a popular form of body art among the women of the Indian subcontinent, Africa and the Middle East.Mehndi is derived from the Sanskrit word mendhikā.[1] The use of mehndi and turmeric is described in the earliest Hindu Vedic ritual books. It was originally used for only women's palms and sometimes for men, but as time progressed, it was more common for men to wear it. Haldi (staining oneself with turmeric paste), as well as mehndi, are Vedic customs, intended to be a symbolic representation of the outer and the inner sun. Vedic customs are centered on the idea of "awakening the inner light". Traditional Indian designs are representations of the sun on the palm, which, in this context, is intended to represent the hands and feet. Mehendi has a great significance in performing classical dance like Bharatnatyam.

Practiced mainly in the Indian subcontinent, mehndi is the application of a temporary form of skin decoration, popularized in the West by Indian cinema and the entertainment industry, the people in Nepal, Bangladesh and the Maldives also use mehndi. Mehndi decorations became fashionable in the West in the late 1990s, where they are called henna tattoos. Mehndi

in

Indian

tradition

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typically

applied

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special

Hindu

weddings and Hindu festivals like Karva Chauth, Vat Purnima, Diwali, Bhai Dooj and Teej. In Hindufestivals, many women have Henna applied to their hands and feet and sometimes on the back of their shoulders too, as men have it applied on their arms, legs, back, and chest. For women, it is usually drawn on the palm, back of the hand and on feet, where the design will be clearest due to contrast with the lighter skin on these surfaces, which naturally contain less of the pigment melanin. Muslims in the Indian subcontinent also apply Mehndi during festivals such as Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha. Biological classification of Henna or Mehdi The Henna Plant (Lawsonia Inermis L) • Subkingdom: Tracheobionta • Superdivision: Spermatophyta • Division: Magnoliophyta • Class: Magnoliopsida • Subclass: Rosidae • Order: Myrtales • Family: Lythraceae • Genus: Lawsonia L • Species: Lawsonia Inermis L Health benefits of Mehendi 1. Relief from headaches: Henna flowers cure headaches caused by the heat of the sun. A plaster made of Henna flowers soaked in vinegar and applied over forehead relieves the headaches. 2. Eases arthritis pain: When henna is used on the hands, it helps to relax the body via the cooling effect it has on the nerves, thus reducing inflammation caused by arthritis symptoms.

2. Treats a variety of skin conditions: Traditional medicinal uses for henna include being used as a coagulant for open wounds and a poultice to sooth burns and eczema. Fresh leaves may be used as a topical antiseptic for fungal or bacterial skin infections, including ringworm. 3. Promotes healthy hair: Henna helps to improve hair health. It helps seal the hair cuticle, preventing breaking, and increasing the shine and appearance of the hair. It is also a natural treatment for dandruff. 4. Draws out fever: Henna leaves rolled into a ball with water, placed in the hand will help bring temperature down. 5. Promotes healthy gums: Chewing on henna leaves is said to reduce the risk of gum disease and treat mouth ulcers. 6. Reduces Pitta in the mind: The essential oil that is derived from Henna, also known as Hina, is used in India for religious ceremonies and prayer (Devotion). It is great for opening our psychic abilities, clairvoyance, and reducing anger and irritability. 7. Natural treatment for diaper rash: Sprinkle a little bit of henna powder on the inflamed area to reduce heat and irritation. 8. A cure for dysentery: Henna seeds can treat dysentery. Crush the henna seeds and mix it with ghee. Make small balls of the mix and swallow it with water to cure dysentery. Use of Henna or Mehdi Historically, henna has been used for severe diarrhoea caused by a parasite (amoebic dysentery), cancer, enlarged spleen, headache, jaundice, and skin conditions. These days, people take henna for stomach and intestinal ulcers. Henna is sometimes applied directly to the affected area for dandruff, eczema, scabies, fungal infections, and wounds. In manufacturing, henna is used in cosmetics, hair dyes, and hair care products; and as a dye for nails, hands, and clothing. People also use henna on the skin as temporary “tattoos.” Medicinal benefits of Henna or Mehdi Henna or Mehndi (Indian name) is a traditional medicinal plant. It is a middle-sized shrub with many branches with a height of 1.8-7.6m. The flowers have fragrance and are small in white or pinkish colour. This plant is a gift of nature for fashion in the eastern and western countries to colour their bodies and hair as well. The leaves are 1.3 -3.2 cm and numerous flowers of

Henna are less than 1.2 cm. The capsule contains many seeds. Indian women use it as a fashion in every occasion to dye the hair, decorate the palms, nail and feet. Men also use to dye their hair, beard, etc. 

The mehndi plant adds nutrition to the hair and clears dandruff.

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Lawsonia inermis is useful against heat stroke and used against a headache.

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Henna bark and root are used for the treatment of liver enlargement and jaundice.

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Mehndi leaves are soaked in water and drunken to cure cracking of nails and adds nutrition to the body.

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Lawsonia inermis powder with butter cures scabies, manage and swelling.

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It acts against hair loss and strengthens hair. Hence, henna is used as a natural agent for baldness.

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Because of the astringent nature of mehndi leaves, it is used to cure sunburn and other rashes in the body.

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People suffering from fever or high-temperature use as a home remedy for the treatment.

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It acts as a cooling agent when applied on the burns and wounds. It is also an effective sun block.

5. Neem The neem plant is a fast growing and long living tree, native to Burma in India. From there the neem tree has spread and is now grown all over the world.In India the neem medicinal plant is highly regarded because of its many uses and benefits...Neem, (Azadirachta indica), also called nim or margosa, fast-growing tree of the mahogany family (Meliaceae), valued as a medicinal plant, as a source of organic pesticides, and for its timber. Neem is likely native to the Indian subcontinent and to dry areas throughout South Asia. It has been introduced to parts of Africa, the Caribbean, and numerous counties in South and Central America. The plant has long been used in Ayurvedic and folk medicine and is used in cosmetics and in organic farming applications.

Biological classification of Neem Scientific name: Azadirachta indica Family: Meliaceae Order: Sapindales Kingdom: Plantae Higher classification: Azadirachta

Did you know: Neem oil is extracted from the bark of the neem tree? Health benefits of Neem Neem Tree, also known as 'Azadirachta indica' is a tree native to India. In Sanskrit, neem is arista, which means something that is perfect, imperishable and complete. Not only its leaves, but the tree's seeds, roots and bark also contain important compounds that have many medicinal and beauty properties. The tree is supposed to denote 'good health' in our Ayurveda. Neem is best known for its anti-aging properties. Due to its antioxidant properties, neem protects the skin from harmful UV rays, pollution and other environmental factors. The vitamins and fatty acids in neem improve and maintain the elasticity of the skin, reduce wrinkles and fine lines. This make you and your skin look rejuvenated and youthful. Neem is also beneficial in fighting against fungal infection. Its anti-fungal and anti-bacterial properties keep the harmful bacteria and fungi at bay. Thus, it protects the skin and keeps the skin related diseases away. Ayurveda, which follows the natural ways for treatment and medicine, has been using extracts of neem tree as a key ingredient, for good health and wellbeing. Here are some of the herbal remedies, health benefits and magical properties of neem... Use of Neem Nearly all parts of the neem tree are useful, and many of its medicinal and cosmetic uses are based on its antibacterial and antifungal properties. Neem is commonly used in shampoos for treating dandruff and in soaps or creams for skin conditions such as acne, psoriasis, and athlete’s foot. It is also a component in some toothpastes and mouthwashes, especially in the Indian subcontinent, and young twigs are used directly as crude toothbrushes in rural areas. Neem leaves have long been used as a traditional treatment for diabetes, and there is some clinical evidence suggesting that it may help control blood sugar levels. Neem oil and neem

bark and leaves are unsafe for consumption by pregnant women and can cause miscarriage. Oil extracted from the seeds can be used directly as an insect and mite repellent, insecticide, and fungicide and is the source of many commercial pesticide products, including dusts, granules, and concentrates. The primary active insecticidal ingredient, azadirachtin, works to disrupt the hormones involved with insect molting, preventing larvae from developing properly into adults, and is a feeding inhibitor. Neem oil can kill soft-bodied insects on contact and decreases mating and reproductive behaviours, reducing pest fecundity. As a fungicide, neem oil is used to control rust, black spot, mildew, scab, anthracnose, and blight. Given that neem oil breaks down quickly with exposure to ultraviolet light, repeated applications are often necessary. Neem-based pesticides generally have low toxicity for mammals and are common in organic farming applications. Medicinal benefits of Neem Neem leaf is used for leprosy, eye disorders, bloody nose, intestinal worms, stomach upset, loss of appetite, skin ulcers, diseases of the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease), fever, diabetes, gum disease (gingivitis), and liver problems. The leaf is also used for birth control and to cause abortions. Neem has an anti-inflammatory property which helps reduces acne. Azadirachta Indica also helps reduce skin blemishes. Neem is a rich source of Vitamin E which help repair damaged skin cells. Neem has scientifically proven antifungal property which helps treat fungal infections. Neem can prove useful in detoxification both internally and externally. Consumption of neem leaves or powder stimulates kidneys and liver increasing the metabolism and eliminating the toxins out of the body. Externally, neem scrubs or paste can be used to remove germs, bacteria, dirt, etc from your skin preventing rashes and skin diseases. Neem's anti-inflammatory properties help reduce inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract which helps reduce a series of diseases like constipation, stomach ulcer, flatulence, etc.

6. Chiraita Chirata is an herb. People use the parts that grow above the ground to make medicine. Chirata is used for fever, constipation, upset stomach, loss of appetite, intestinal worms, skin diseases, and cancer. Some people use it as “a bitter tonic. “In India, it has been used for malaria, when combined with the seeds of divi-divi (Guilandina bonducella).In manufacturing, chirata is used in alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. Swertia is a genus in the gentian family containing plants sometimes referred to as the fleaworts. Some species bear very showy purple and blue flowers. Plants of genus Frasers are sometimes considered part of

this genus, sometimes as a separate genus, and sometimes as synonymous. Chirata is a flowering herbaceous plant that grows up to a height of 3 to 4 feet in the northern mountainous region of India and Bhutan. The ancient Vedic text Charaka Samhita mentions about this plant and enlisted its medicinal benefits. It has a bitter, hot and pungent taste. Its scientific name is Swertia Chirata. Biological name of Chiraita Scientific name: Swertia Higher classification: Gentians Rank: Genus

Health benefits of Chiraita

 Lowers Fever Chirata has been seen to reduce fever caused due to cold and flu very efficiently. It also works on malarial fever, hysteria and convulsions. So the next time you feel unwell and run a temperature try having some chirata extract to get well sooner.  Protects the Liver Chirata has hepatoprotective properties in abundance. The word hepatoprotective is selfexplanatory (Hepato- related to liver + protective). It helps to get rid of toxins from the body and also contributes towards a healthy liver. It also helps in the regeneration of new liver cells.  Anti-parasitic Chirata helps to eliminate parasites like helminthes, roundworms, tapeworms and flukes from the body. It also helps to heal the symptoms caused due the parasite invasion in the

body. Diarrhoea, anaemia of the lungs and liver and other such terrible side effects can be treated using chirata.  Skin Care Chirata is the skins best friend. Their antioxidant property helps clear the skin. It comes handy in treating various skin conditions such as rashes, inflammation, itching, burning sensation and redness. It can also be diluted by mixing with water and used for cleaning oozing on the skin.  Cures Anaemia Chirata helps create more blood in the body. Anaemia can be treated using this plant. Anaemic conditions can lead to a list of health problems which can become serious to the extent of being life threatening. Anaemia is common in women as losing blood is a monthly affair for them. This takes a heavy toll on their body especially during and after pregnancy.  Checks Diabetes Diabetes is a lifestyle disease that has spread like wild fire due to increased stress, irregular food habits and improper lifestyle of this generation. Chirata helps reduce the amount of sugar present in the blood by stimulating the pancreatic cells to secrete more insulin.

Medicinal benefits of chiraita Chirata is an herb. People use the parts that grow above the ground to make medicine. Chirata is used for fever, constipation, Malaria upset stomach, loss of appetite, intestinal worms, skin diseases, and cancer. Some people use it as “a bitter tonic.” Side-Effects & Allergies of Chirata (Swertia Chirata) Chirata is an extremely bitter plant. Some people can’t stand the bitterness and may vomit as an effect of it. While chirata works miracles to lower blood sugar it should be kept in mind that the sugar level does not fall below the desired limit. This shall lead to hypoglycaemia which can affect your health badly. Watch out for sudden dizziness, numbness of hand and feet after consuming chirata or its extract. 7. Rauvolfia Rauvolfia (sometimes spelled Rauwolfia) is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, commonly known as devil peppers, in the dogbanefamily, Apocynaceae. The genus is named to

honour Leonhard Rauwolf. The genus can mainly be found in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Latin America, and various oceanic islands.

Scientific classification of Rauvolfia Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Order: Gentianales Family: Apocynaceae Tribe: Vinceae Genus: Rauvolfia Health benefits of Rauvolfia High blood pressure may also increase the risk of heart attacks. These problems may be less likely to occur if blood pressure is controlled. Rauwolfia alkaloids work by controlling nerve impulses along certain nerve pathways. As a result, they act on the heart and blood vessels to lower blood pressure.

Medicinal benefits of Rauvolfia 

Anxiety. Early research shows that Indian snakeroot can reduce anxiety in some people when used for about 20 days. It is not known if Indian snakeroot has any benefit when used for longer periods of time.

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High blood pressure. Early research shows that Indian snakeroot can reduce blood pressure in people with high blood pressure.

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Trouble sleeping (insomnia). Early research shows that taking Indian snakeroot along with two other herbs might help insomnia. It is not known if Indian snakeroot helps with insomnia when used alone.

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Constipation.

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Fever.

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Joint pain.

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Liver problems.

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Mental disorders such as schizophrenia.

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Mild high blood pressure.

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Nervousness.

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Spasms in the legs due to poor circulation.

8. Cinchona Cinchona is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae containing at least 23 species of trees and shrubs. They are native to the tropical Andean forests of western South America. A few species are reportedly naturalized in Central America, Jamaica, French Polynesia, Sulawesi, Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, and São Tomé and Príncipe off the coast of tropical Africa. Several species were sought after for their medicinal value and cultivated in India and Java where they also formed hybrids. The barks of several species yield quinine and other alkaloids that were the only effective treatments against malaria during the height of colonialism which made them of great economic and political importance. The synthesis of quinine in 1944, an increase in resistant forms of malaria, and alternate therapies ended the large-scale economic interest in their cultivation. Academic interest continues as cinchona alkaloids show promise in treating falciparum malaria which has evolved resistance to synthetic drugs. Cinchona plants belong to the family Rubiaceae and are large shrubs or small trees with evergreen foliage, growing 5–15 m (16–49 ft) in height. The leaves are opposite, rounded to lance late and 10–40 cm long. The flowers are white, pink or red, produced in terminal panicles. The fruit is a small capsule containing numerous seeds. Biological classification of Cinchona Scientific name: Cinchona Family: Rubiaceae Order: Gentian ales Kingdom: Plantae Higher classification: Madder family Did you know: The bark of the Cinchona family of trees contains quinine? Health benefits of Cinchona

Other uses are for cancer, mouth and throat diseases, enlarged spleen, and muscle cramps. Cinchona is used in eye lotions to numb pain, kill germs, and as an astringent. Cinchona extract is also applied to the skin for haemorrhoids, ulcers, stimulating hair growth, and managing varicose veins.

Medicinal benefits of Cinchona  It Reduces Fever Scientists say that cinchona possess antipyretic properties, which means it is capable of controlling fever. It’s just one of the many reasons why its quinine content is a revered treatment for malaria.  It Eases Painful and Swollen Joints Cinchona is also commonly employed for alleviating joints that are painful and inflamed. So in other words, it can be very beneficial for individuals who are suffering from osteoarthritis — cinchona can save them from the need to regularly depend on NSAIDs that are known to come with certain unfavourable side effects and risks. 9. Phyllanthus emblica(Amla) Phyllanthus emblica Linn. (syn. Emblica officinalis), commonly known as Indian gooseberry or amla, family Euphorbiaceae, is an important herbal drug used in unani (Graceo - arab) and ayurvedic systems of medicine. The plant is used both as a medicine and as a tonic to build up lost vitality and vigor. Amla is the greatest boon to the humanity and one of the effective traditional herbal medicines, which had been used to treat and manage diseases since the ancient times. Hardly any people are unaware about its importance and significance as it is associated with multiple health and medicinal benefits. Indian Gooseberry is the reservoir of minerals, vitamins and other bio-chemical substances. To some extent, it is bitter in taste but the ayurvedic marvel can be used in many forms such as eaten raw, juice, chutneys, pickles, Murabbas, and used with other recipes using its powder.

Scientific classification of amla Scientific name: Phyllanthus emblica Family: Phyllanthaceae Order: Malpighiales Kingdom: Plantae Higher classification: Leafflower Did you know: Amla can be eaten fresh, though the bitter taste is better offset with a sprinkle of salt? Use of amla Related articles 10 foods rich in antioxidants you need to have in your diet Spinach Benefits and Recipes: Why and what you need to be eating! It has eight times more vitamin C than an orange, twice the antioxidant power of acai berry and around 17 times that of a pomegranate. The humble Indian gooseberry, commonly known as amla, truly deserves its superfood status. The translucent green fruit, which derives its name from the Sanskrit word ‘Amlaki’ meaning “nectar of life”, can protect us against countless ailments, be it the common cold, cancer or infertility. Ayurveda doctors claim that amla can help balance the three doshas (Kapha/vista/pitta) in the body and eliminate the underlying cause of many diseases. If you are not already convinced, read this long list of amla’s health benefits and you would know why you should indulge in this sour treat daily. It helps fight the common cold The vitamin C in amla is absorbed more easily by the body compared to store-bought supplements. Mix two teaspoons of amla powder with two teaspoons of honey and have it three to four times a day for instant relief when you have a cold or a cough, or consume once daily for permanent protection.

It improves eyesight Studies have showed that the carotene in amla improves vision. Daily consumption has also been linked to improvement in overall eye health as amla can reduce cataract problem, intraocular tension (the pressure you feel) as well as prevent reddening, itching and watering of eyes. It burns fat This is the least talked-about yet most exciting benefit of amla. A protein present in amla helps prevent cravings. Regular consumers say drinking a glass of amla juice before a meal fills them up and make them eat less. Nutritionists say amla boosts metabolism too, making one shed weight faster. Amla has a high fibre content and acids like tannic which help relieve constipation and make you look less bloated. It builds immunity Amla’s antibacterial and astringent properties boost one’s immune system. A significant number of health problems including cancer are caused by oxidative damage –when body cells use oxygen, they leave harmful by-products called free radicals behind. Considering amla is a potent antioxidant agent, it can prevent and repair the damage. It beautifies hair Amla, like curry leaves, is a proven tonic for hair. It slows down graying, prevents dandruff, strengthens hair follicles and increases blood circulation to the scalp thereby improving hair growth. Amla also acts as a natural conditioner giving you soft shimmering locks. You could apply amla oil or mix amla powder into henna for a hair pack. It improves skin Amla is the best anti-ageing fruit. Drinking amla juice with honey every morning can give you blemish-free, healthy and glowing skin. It helps manage chronic conditions Amla is loaded with chromium which aids in reducing bad cholesterol and also helps stimulate insulin production, thereby reducing the blood glucose level of diabetics. Drinking amla juice early every morning or when one’s blood pressure is raised helps keep the blood pressure level under control, too.

It relieves pain Be it arthritis-related joint aches or painful mouth ulcers, amla can provide relief owing to its anti-inflammatory properties. For ulcers, you simply need to dilute amla juice in half cup of water and gargle with it. Benefits of Amla  Alma for hair: Amla is good to prevent hair loss, hair fall and plays a vital role in the overall health of hair.  Drinking of Amla juice is good to prevent hair fall, hair loss, and dandruff and split ends because of abundance in protein.  The mix of juices of amla and lemon when apply over the scalp and left it for 20 minutes followed by washing helps to strengthen the hair follicles and hair shaft. It also enhances hair lustre, colour and pigmentation.  Regular intake of Amla juice makes your hair darker and thicker and also prevent greying.  Applying the paste of amla helps to make your hair grow and dark colour.  Amla prevents baldness due to the presence of carotene and iron.  Amla ensures proper absorption of calcium that directly or indirectly beneficial for lustrous hair including bones, teeth and nails.  Amla for glowing skin: It is good for skin beauty.  The application of Amla juice over the face helps to fight wrinkles, pimples, acne etc.  Drinking of the juice is equally beneficial to make your skin glow. It makes your skin fresh by removing the dead cells when applied externally.  Amla to burn fat: Amla is good for weight loss, fat burning and those who are obese.  It has the higher level of amino acid that helps to shed unnecessary fats from the body.  Amla is diuretic in nature, means it increases the frequency and amount of urine thereby releasing of toxins, waste products from the body. Since urine is also composed of fat. Releasing more urine means shedding more fats from the body. 

Amla for eyes: Amla prevents many eye related problems such as cataract, nearsightedness, intra-ocular, vision improvement, etc. The presence of vitamin A and carotene overcomes many problems related with eyes.

10.Aloe Vera Aloe Vera is a succulent plant species of the genus Aloe. An evergreen perennial, it originates from the Arabian Peninsula but grows wild in tropical climates around the world and is cultivated for agricultural and medicinal uses. The species is also used for decorative purposes and grows successfully indoors as a potted plant. It is found in many consumer products including beverages, skin lotion, cosmetics, or ointments for minor burns and sunburns. There is little scientific evidence of the effectiveness or safety of Aloe Vera extracts for either cosmetic or medicinal purposes. Studies finding positive evidence are frequently contradicted by other studies.

Scientific classification of Aloe Vera Scientific name: Aloe vera Family: Asphodelaceae Order: Asparagales Kingdom: Plantae Higher classification: Aloes Did you know: The plant produces two substances: the aloe Vera gel, which is 96 percent water, and the latex, which is used as laxative. Use of Aloe Vera You can apply fresh aloe gel directly to your skin or follow a recipe to make a homemade beauty product. It can also be added to food, smoothies, and drinks. To make aloe juice, use 1 cup of liquid for every 2 tablespoons of aloe gel. Include any other ingredients, like fruit, and use a blender or food processor to mix up your drink. 1. Heals burns Due to its soothing, moisturizing, and cooling properties, aloe Vera is often used to treat burns. A 2013 study with 50 participants found that people who used aloe Vera gel to treat superficial and partial thickness burns showed better results than the group that used a 1 percent silver

sulfadiazine cream. The aloe Vera group showed earlier wound healing and pain relief. Plus, aloe Vera had the benefit of being inexpensive. 2. Improves digestive health Consuming aloe Vera may benefit your digestive tract and help to soothe and cure stomach ailments, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A 2018 review looked at three studies with 151 people. Results from the studies showed that aloe Vera significantly improved symptoms of IBS when compared to a placebo. No adverse effects were reported, though more research is needed using a larger study size. 3. Promotes oral health Aloe Vera toothpaste and mouthwash are natural options for improving oral hygiene and reducing plaque. Results of a 2017 study found that people who used an aloe vera toothpaste showed significant improvements to their oral health. The study included 40 adolescents who were divided into two groups. Each group used either an aloe vera toothpaste or a traditional toothpaste containing triclosan twice daily. 4. Clears acne Using fresh aloe on your face may help clear up acne. You can also purchase aloe products designed for acne, including cleansers, toners, and creams. These may have the extra benefit of containing other effective ingredients, too. Acne products made with aloe may be less irritating to the skin than traditional acne treatments. 5. Relieves anal fissures If you have anal fissures, applying an aloe Vera cream to the affected area several times throughout the day may help promote healing. Benefits of Aloe Vera

The medicinal claims made about Aloe Vera, as with many herbs and plants, are endless. Some are backed by rigorous scientific studies while others are not. This article focuses mainly on those that are backed by research.

1. Teeth and gums A study published in General Dentistry reported that Aloe vera in tooth gels is as effective as toothpaste in fighting cavities. The researchers compared the germ-fighting ability of an Aloe vera tooth gel with two popular toothpastes. They found that the gel was just as good, and in some cases even better than the commercial toothpastes at controlling cavity-causing oral bacteria. 2. Constipation Germany's regulatory agency for herbs - Commission E - approved the use of Aloe vera for the treatment of constipation. Dosages of 50-200 milligrams of Aloe latex are commonly taken in liquid or capsule form once daily for up to 10 days. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ruled in 2002 that there is not enough data on the safety and efficacy of Aloe products; so, in the U.S., they cannot be sold to treat constipation. 3. Diabetes-induced foot ulcers A study carried out at the Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, India, and published in the International Wound Journal looked at Aloe's ability to treat ulcers. 4. Depression, learning, and memory - an animal experiment A study published in Nutritional Neuroscience found that Aloe Vera reduced depression and improved memory in mice. After carrying out experiments on laboratory mice, they concluded: "Aloe Vera enhances learning and memory, and also alleviates depression in mice."

11. Garlic Garlic is a vegetable (Allium sativum) that belongs to the Allium class of bulb-shaped plants, which also includes onions, chives, leeks, and scallions. Garlic is used for flavouring in cooking and is unique because of its high sulphur content. In addition to sulphur, garlic also contains arginine, oligosaccharides, flavonoids, and selenium, all of which may be beneficial to health. The characteristic odor and flavour of garlic comes from sulphur compounds formed from allicin, the major precursor of garlic's bioactive compounds, which are formed when garlic bulbs are chopped, crushed, or damaged. Bioactive compounds are defined as substances in foods or dietary supplements, other than those needed to meet basic nutritional needs that are responsible for changes in health status. Scientific classification Garlic Energy: 148.9 Calories (per 100 g) Scientific name: Allium sativum Family: Amaryllidaceae Order: Asparagales Kingdom: Plantae Did you know: Cows that have fed on damsons give milk that tastes slightly of garlic, and butter made from this milk used to be very popular in 19th-century Switzerland? Use of Garlic Hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis). As people age, their arteries tend to lose their ability to stretch and flex. Garlic seems to reduce this effect. Taking a specific garlic powder supplement (Allicor, INAT-Farma, and Moscow, Russia) twice daily for 24 months seems to reduce how much hardening of the arteries progresses. Higher doses of this product seem to provide more benefits in women than men when taken over a four year period. Research with other products containing garlic along with other ingredients (Kyolic, Total Heart Health, Formula 108, Wakunga) have also shown benefits. Diabetes. Garlic seems to modestly reduce pre-meal blood sugar levels in people with or without diabetes. It seems to work best in people with diabetes, especially if it is taken for at least 3 months. It’s not known if garlic reduces post-meal blood sugar levels or HbA1c levels.

High cholesterol. While not all research agrees, the most reliable evidence suggests that taking garlic can reduce total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, "bad" cholesterol) by a small amount in people with high cholesterol levels. Garlic appears to work best if taken daily for more than 8 weeks. However, taking garlic doesn't help increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL, "good" cholesterol) or lower levels of other blood fats called triglycerides. High blood pressure. Taking garlic by mouth seems to reduce systolic blood pressure (the top number) by about 7-9 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) by about 4-6 mmHg in people with high blood pressure. Prostate cancer. Men in China who eat about one clove of garlic daily seem to have a 50% lower risk of developing prostate cancer. Also, population research shows that eating garlic may be associated with a reduced risk of developing prostate cancer. But other research suggests that eating garlic does not affect prostate cancer risk in men from Iran. Early clinical research suggests that taking garlic extract supplements might reduce the risk of prostate cancer or reduce symptoms associated with prostate cancer. Tick bites. People who consume high amounts of garlic over about an 8-week period seem to have a reduced number of tick bites. But it's not clear how garlic compares to commercially available tick repellents. Benefits of Garlic Lung cancer risk People who ate raw garlic at least twice a week during the 7 year study period had a 44 percentlower risk of developing lung cancer, according to a study conducted at the Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China. The researchers, who published their study in the journal Cancer Prevention Research, carried out face-to-face interviews with 1,424 lung cancer patients and 4,543 healthy individuals. They were asked about their diet and lifestyle, including questions on smoking and how often they ate garlic. Brain cancer Organo-sulfur compounds found in garlic have been identified as effective in destroying the cells in glioblastomas, a type of deadly brain tumor. Scientists at the Medical University of South Carolina reported in the journal Cancer that three pure organo-sulfur compounds from

garlic - DAS, DADS, and DATS - "demonstrated efficacy in eradicating brain cancer cells, but DATS proved to be the most effective."

Hip osteoarthritis Women whose diets were rich in allium vegetables had lower levels of osteoarthritis, a team at King's College London and the University of East Anglia, both in England, reported in the journal BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. Examples of allium vegetables include garlic, leeks, shallots, onions, and rakkyo. The study authors said their findings not only highlighted the possible impact of diet on osteoarthritis outcomes but also demonstrated the potential for using compounds that exist in garlic to develop treatments for the condition. Potentially a powerful antibiotic Diallyl sulfide, a compound in garlic, was 100 times more effective than two popular antibiotics in fighting the Campylobacter bacterium, according to a study published in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. The Campylobacter bacterium is one of the most common causes of intestinal infections. Senior author, Dr. Xiaonan Lu, from Washington State University, said, "This work is very exciting to me because it shows that this compound has the potential to reduce disease-causing bacteria in the environment and in our food supply." Heart protection Garlic may contain heart-protective chemicals. Diallyl trisulfide, a component of garlic oil, helps protect the heart during cardiac surgery and after a heart attack, researchers at Emory University School of Medicine found. They also believe diallyl trisulfide could be used as a treatment for heart failure.