Urban.docx

ARCH 523 Urban Planning X Urban Design Abstract [Draw your reader in with an engaging abstract. It is typically a short summary of the document. When you’re ready to add your content, just click here and start typing.]

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URBAN DESIGN  Is the design of town and cities, streets and spaces. It is the collaborative and multi-disciplinary process of shaping the shaping the physical setting for life in cities, towns and villages; the art of making places; design in an urban context. Urban design of buildings, groups of buildings, spaces and landscape, and the establishment of frameworks and processes that facilitate successful development. The art of creating and shaping cities in town. Urban Design involves the arrangement and design of buildings, public spaces, transport systems, services, and amenities. Urban design is the process of giving form, shape, and character to groups of buildings, to whole neighborhoods, and the city. It is a framework that orders the elements into a framework of streets, squares, and blocks. Urban design blends architecture, landscape architecture, and city planning together to make urban areas functional and attractive. Urban design is about making connections between people and places, movements and urban form, nature and the built fabric. Urban design draws together the many strands of place-making, environmental stewardship, social equity and economic viability into the creation of places with distinct beauty and identity. Urban design is derived form but transcends planning and transportation policy, architectural design, development economics, engineering and landscape. It

draws these and other strands together creating a vision for an area and then deploying the resources and skills needed to bring the vision to life. Peter Webber defines urban design as the “the process of moulding the form of the city through time”. Jerry Spencer has describe it as ‘creating the theatre of the public life’. To Carmona, Health, Oc and Tiesdell it is ‘the process of making better places for people then would otherwise be produced’. The urban designer Doug Paterson has defined urban design as ‘merging civitas and the urbs: building the values and ideals of a civilized place into the structure of a city’. Peter Batchelor and David Lewis define urban design as ‘design in an urban context’. They use the word design ‘not in its traditional narrow sense, but in a much broader way. Economic projections, packaging new developments, negotiating public/private financial partnership, setting up guidelines and standards for historic revitalization, forming non-profit corporations that combine citizens with public and private sector financing resources, all are considered as design’. In other words of the writer and critic Peter Buchanan: ‘Urban design is about how to recapture certain of the qualities (qualities which we experience as well as those we see) that we associate with the traditional city: a sense of order, place, continuity, richness pf experience, completeness and belonging. Urban design lies somewhere between the broad-brush abstractions of planning and the concrete specifics of architecture. It implies a notion of citizenship: life in the public realm. It is not just about space, but time as well. Much of what passes for urban design is conceived only for one moment. Good urban design is more than just knitting together the townscape. Urban designers should be configuring a rich network in which buildings comes and go: a framework of transport, built fabric and other features, which will create natural locations for things. Urban design structures activities. Some urban designers define urban design as ‘the design of the spaces between buildings’, presumably to

distinguish it from architecture, which they define as the design of the buildings themselves. This definition excludes urban design’s proper concern with the structure of a place; it ignores the fact that to a significant extent the characteristics of the spaces between buildings are determined by the building themselves; and it encourages architects In any tendency they may have to ignores the context in which they are designing. The question of where urban design should or does fit into the landscape of urban professions – whether it should be regarded as a distinct profession itself, or as a way of thinking, or as common ground between a number of professions or between a wide range of people involved in urban change, for example -- is widely discussed.

Urban design operates at 3 scales: The region city and town

The neighborhood district and corridor

The block street andbuilding

Urban Planning  Urban planning is a technical and political process concerned with the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks.[1. Urban planning deals with physical layout of human settlements.[2] The primary concern is the public welfare,[1][2] which includes considerations of efficiency, sanitation, protection and use of the environment,[1] as well as effects on social and economic activities.[3] Urban planning is considered an interdisciplinary field that includes social, engineering and design sciences. It is closely related to the field of urban design and some urban planners provide designs for streets, parks, buildings and other urban areas.[4] Urban planning is also referred to as urban and regional planning, regional planning, town planning, city planning, rural planning, urban development or some combination in various areas worldwide. Urban planning guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural areas. Although predominantly concerned with the planning of settlements and communities, urban planning is also responsible for the planning and development of water use and resources, rural and agricultural land, parks and conserving areas of natural environmental significance. Practitioners of urban planning are concerned with research and analysis, strategic thinking, architecture, urban design, public consultation, policy recommendations, implementation and management.[2] Enforcement methodologies include governmental zoning, planning permissions, and building codes,[1] as well as private easements and restrictive covenants.[5]

Urban planners work with the cognate fields of architecture, landscape architecture, civil engineering, and public administration to achieve strategic, policy and sustainability goals. Early urban planners were often members of these cognate fields. Today urban planning is a separate, independent professional discipline. The discipline is the broader category that includes different sub-fields such as land-use planning, zoning, economic development, environmental planning, and transportation planning.[6] Urban planning, design and regulation of the uses of space that focus on the physical form, economic functions, and social impacts of the urban environment and on the location of different activities within it. Because urban planning draws upon engineering, architectural, and social and political concerns, it is variously a technical profession, an endeavour involving political will and public participation, and an academic discipline. Urban planning concerns itself with both the development of open land (“greenfields sites”) and the revitalization of existing parts of the city, thereby involving goal setting, data collection and analysis, forecasting, design, strategic thinking, and public consultation. Increasingly, the technology of geographic information systems (GIS) has been used to map the existing urban system and to project the consequences of changes. In the late 20th century the term sustainable development came to represent an ideal outcome in the sum of all planning goals. As advocated by the United Nations-sponsored World Commission on Environment and Development in Our Common Future (1987), sustainability refers to “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” While there is widespread consensus on this general goal, most major planning decisions involve trade-offs between subsidiary objectives and thus frequently involve conflict. The modern origins of urban planning lie in a social movement for urban reform that arose in the latter part of the 19th century as a reaction against the disorder of the industrial city. Many visionaries of the period sought an ideal city, yet practical considerations of adequate sanitation, movement of goods and people, and provision of amenities also drove the desire for planning. Contemporary planners seek to balance the conflicting demands of social equity, economic growth, environmental sensitivity, and aesthetic appeal. The result of the planning process may be a formal master plan for an entire city or metropolitan area, a neighbourhood plan, a project plan, or a set of policy alternatives. Successful implementation of a plan usually requires

entrepreneurship and political astuteness on the part of planners and their sponsors, despite efforts to insulate planning from politics. While based in government, planning increasingly involves private-sector participation in “public-private partnerships.”

Urban planning as a process 

Cyclic as a whole and consists of a large number of cyclical process

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Doesn’t occur isolation

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Complex exercise at any scale

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Involvement of all stakeholders is a must

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Requires through research and investigations for executions

Planning in a cycle 

The cycle covers all areas of planning and brings them together into a coherent, unified process

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It is vital that our plans be practical, well focused, resilient and cost effective

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It is vital to learn from one’s mistake in the planning and attempts must be made tp avoid the mistakes in the future planning

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Cyclic planning enables management of different projects upto a desired level of complexity.