Uphando Nabafundi Besigaba Sesiseko

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Uphando ngezenzululwazi

UPHANDO nabaFundi besiGaba seSiseko

Inxalenye yeengcingane nezimvo ezikule ncwadana sisiqhamo esiqanduselwe yintsebenziswano ende ephakathi kwesibini sakwaKenyon, u-Alan kunye noViv. La maphuthi ahlathinye athi, sekulithuba encazelana ngothando lwemfundo yamabanga aphantsi kwakunye nophuhliso lootitshala. Ngokutsho kwabo, oku kusukela ngeminyaka yokugabuka kwenkungu, oo-1960, ngethuba bobabini beqalisa ukuhlohla eLondon, ukuza kuthi ga ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Oku kuncazelana ngezimvo kuqhubekile naseLovedale, e-Alice, kwaya kutsho nase-Cape College, e-Fort Beaufort, apho abo babesebenza nabo bekunye nabafundi babo babanceda ekuphuhliseni nangakumbi ezi ngcingane nasekuzisebenziseni kwiimeko nemixholo efanelekileyo. Umsebenzi othe walandela usenziwa kunye nootitshala eziklasini, uthe wawulola nangakumbi lo msebenzi ngokubhekiselele kwimfaneleko yawo. Uguqulelwe esiXhoseni ngu-NF Saliwa-Mogale noNkululeko Ndiki Ulungelelaniswe ngu Layout by Welma Odendaal

ISBN 978-0-9814425-2-5

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Iziqulatho Intshayelelo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Icandelo 1 Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza ukuba umkhenkce unyamalale? . . . . . 6 Ukuphanda ngoDongwe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Ukuphanda ngeSonka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

Icandelo 2 Ukuphanda ngezinambuzane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Ukuphanda ngezityalo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Icandelo 3 Zingaphi iindlela onokwenza ngazo ukuba ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite? . . . . . . . . . 36 Ukuphanda ngoTsalo noTyhilizo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Icandelo 4 Ukuphanda ngezimo zenyanga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Ukuphanda ngemozulu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Isiqukumbelo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Isihlomelo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

INkcazelo yeKharityhulamu yeSizwe INzululwazi yezeNdalo – isiGaba esisiSeko IsiPhumo sesiFundo 1 Uphando ngezenzululwazi

Abafundi basebenza ngokuzithemba ekufuneni ulwazi ngeziganeko zendalo; baphanda ulwalamano nokusombulula iingxaki kwiimeko zenzululwazi, kwezobuchwepheshe nakwezokusingqongileyo nendalo.

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Intshayelelo Ngonyaka ka-2004 ootitshala besiGaba esisiSeko bezikolo zamabanga aphantsi ezili-9 kwisithili soMzantsi baqalisa ukusebenzisana nePSP ukuzama ukwakha nokusungula uphando lwezeNzululwazi yezeNdalo kunye nabafundi babo, njengenxalenye yeProjekthi yeMSET, exhaswa ngezimali ngumbutho iShuttleworth Foundation. Le ncwadana sisiphumo sentsebenziswano yethu yeminyaka emithathu.

Yintoni equlathwe yile ncwadana? Kule ncwadana sidandalazise izigaba ezili-9 zophando esizenze kunye nabafundi. Ezi zigaba zophando ziqhube kakuhle kakhulu xa bezisenziwa nabafundi beBanga R ukuya kutsho kwiBanga 3. Kule ncwadana uya kufumana iingcebiso zokusebenzisa izinto ezifumaneka lula, mihla le eziya kukunceda ekwenzeni ezi zigaba zilithoba zophando kunye nabafundi eklasini yakho.

Indlela eyakhiwe ngayo le ncwadi Siqala ngokujolisa kwindima yokuhlatywa kwemibuzo. Emva kweli nqanaba ke, le ncwadana ithi yahlulwe ngokwamacandelo amane. Icandelo ngalinye lithi ligxile kwisolotya ngalinye leNkcazelo yeKharityhulamu yeSizwe ngokweNzululwazi yezeNdalo.

Umkhenkce, udongwe, nesonka

La masolotya ke ngala: O INkqunto (matter) neziNto ezinomsebenzi (material) O Ubomi neMpilo O I-Eneji neNguquko O IPlanethi yoMhlaba nokuNgaphaya kwayo. Icandelo lokuqala lijolise kwiNkqunto neziNto ezinomsebenzi. Kweli candelo uya kufumana izikhokelo zeendidi ezi-3 zophando: umkhenkce, udongwe, kunye nesonka.

Izinambuzane nezityalo

Kwicandelo lesibini elingoBomi neMpilo, sidandalazise iindidi ezi-2 zophando oya kuthi uzenze kunye nabafundi bakho: izilwanyana ezincinane kunye nezityalo. Icandelo lesithathu, elingeziNika-mandla okanye i-Eneji neNguquko, liqulathe iingcebiso zeendidi ezimbini zophando: umbane nentshukumo.

Umbane nentshukumo

Kwicandelo lokugqibela, elingePlanethi yoMhlaba nokuNgaphaya kwayo, sicebise ngeendlela ekunokuthi kuphandwe ngazo izimo zeNyanga kwakunye neMozulu.

Indlela yokusebenzisa le ncwadi Musa ukucinga ukuba kukho indlela enye kuphela efanelekileyo yokusebenzisa le ncwadi, ekukuqala kwiphepha lokuqala ukuya kwelokugqibela. Uvumelekile ukuba uqale naphi na apho uthanda khona. Khetha naluphi na uphando onokulwenza nabafundi bakho nonomdla kulo, nocinga ukuba luya kutsala umdla nakubo. Kananjalo kufuneka ukhethe into eya kuhambelana nomxholo okanye iprojekthi enisebenza ngayo eklasini okanye esikolweni sakho. Le ncwadana yenzelwe nje ukukuncedisa nokukunika isikhokelo. Ayenzelwanga ukuba ibe yimigqaliselo emiselweyo ekufuneka uyilandele. Landela iingcinga zakho, uzithembe wena buqu kunye nabafundi bakho.

INTSHAYELELO

Izimo zeNyanga kunye nemozulu

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Into ekuya kufuneka ukuba uyithathele ingqalelo yimozulu kwanexesha lonyaka ekufuneka uphande izihloko ezithile ngalo. Umzekelo, ubusika ingalixesha elingafanelekanga lokuphanda ngezityalo nezilwanyana ezincinane ngenxa yokunqongophala kwazo ngeli thuba. Siyathemba ukuba uya kuzifumanisa zilulutho nenkanyiselo ezi ngcebiso. Kambe, njengathi, siyathemba ukuba uya kuyifumanisa iNzululwazi yezeNdalo ingummandla wekharityhulamu omnandi nonomtsalane ukuphanda ngawo kunye nabafundi bakho. INzululwazi ingasisiseko esiluqilima nekhonkco elihlanganisa umsebenzi omhle odidiyelweyo ntlandlo zonke zommandla obanzi wekharityhulamu yesiGaba esisiSeko.

henkce? k m u i h p Usuka funo i m i nye i m Amanzi afika njani e i n u e l h ezu Kut h p a g etephini? a n a m ikhul a o g l a b la ntsi a komh h p hula k i e eminy ba? a Asuka l h phi am kom afu? ozo k n i i i a ph k u s i Z wu? e b m e n ane? b m u i n a nj Wenziwa Isuka phi imvula? Ku ilice theni i nya ba n nga je n g ama a xes manye ha? 4

nza e y e i n Yinto ? umbane

UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

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Sithe gqolo ukucebisa ngeendlela zokukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bacinge ze bavakalise imibuzo yabo, kwaye bangade bahlokozwe, belolwa okanye belotywa ukuze babuze imibuzoº

INTSHAYELELO

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Ukuhlatywa kwemibuzo Uya kufumanisa ukuba kule ncwadana sithe gqolo ukucebisa ngeendlela zokukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bacinge ze bavakalise imibuzo yabo, kwaye bangade bahlokozwe, belolwa okanye belotywa ukuze babuze imibuzo. Kananjalo masingoyikiswa kukuba abantwana baya kubuza imibuzo esiya kunzinyelwa kukuyiphendula. Akuyomfuneko ukuphendula yonke imibuzo abayibuzayo. Kumathuba amaninzi eklasini kuqheleke ukuba ibe ngootitshala ababuza imibuzo. Kambe, njengootitshala, silindele ukuba abafundi bethu bayiphendule imibuzo leyo. Sikholelwa ukuba kufuneka ibe ngabafundi ngokwabo abafumana amathuba okubuza imibuzo, ukuba ikharityhulamu isekelwe emntwaneni ngenene. Kufuneka ukuba siqinisekise ukuba abafundi bafumana intlaninge yamathuba okubuza imibuzo abanokuba banayo. Kambe kufuneka ukuba bafumane amathuba okuphanda imibuzo abanayo.

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ICANDELO 1 INkqunto neziNto ezinomsebenzi Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza ukuba umkhenkce unyamalale?

Indlela yokwenza umkhenkce unyamalale yayiluphando lokuqala esathi salwenza kunye nabafundi besiGaba esisiSeko kwiProjekthi yeMSET. Le yaba yindlela entle kakhulu yokuqalisa umsebenzi wethu, kwakunye nokuphandwa kwento phantse ngabo bonke abantwana. Umbuzo owawusentloko esaqala ngawo (Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza ukuba umkhenkce unyamalale?) wawuvuswa yimibuzo eyathi yachukunyiswa, isengwa ngootitshala kubafundi babo phambi kocweyo lukamasifundisane wokuqala.

Ukucwangcisa nokulungiselela ukwenza uphando Xa usenza olu phando kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba unamagaqa omkhenkce oneleyo, ukuze isibini ngasinye okanye iqelana elincinane labafundi abathathu libe nokuba negaqa lalo lomkhenkce. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba onke loo maqhekeza omkhenkce aphantse alingane. Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngendlela onokugcina ngayo loo maqhekeza omkhenkce engumkhenkce de kufikelele ixesha ofuna ukuwasebenzisa ngalo. Enye yezinto onokuzenza kukusebenzisa iflaski. Enye into esiyifumanisileyo yeyokuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba kufumaneke ezi glasi zeplastiki zilahlwayo ukuze isibini ngasinye sibe nokufaka iqhekeza laso lomkhenkce kule glasi.

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FOUNDATION PHASE SCIENCE

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Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abafundi banento yokwenza Sicebisa ukuba uzinike ithuba lokufundisisa uphando olu kwiintsuku ezimbini okanye kusuku olungaphambili kokwenziwa kwalo. Ngxaki zini ocinga ukuba abafundi bakho bangahlangana nazo? Yintoni ekunokufuneka uyenze ukunceda abafundi bakho? Ungaqinisekisa njani ukuba abafundi bakho ngabo ngokwabo abenza uphando? Lo ayingomsebenzi womboniso. Kufanele sibathembe abafundi ukuba bayakwazi ukufuna ulwazi, banesakhono sokuqamba nesiphiwo sokuyila. Kufanele ukuba ibe ngabo abenza uphando. Kufanele bazive bengabanini-msebenzi wophando olo. Eyakho indima ebalulekileyo kukubakhokela nokubanika inkxaso, xa uthe waqaphela ukuba bayaludinga uncedo lwakho. Xa luthe uphando olo lwaphuma apho bekungacingelwanga khona, yinto engenamsebenzi leyo. Omawukwenze nje kukuxelela abafundi ukuba mabaphinde balwenze uphando olo. Kakade ooSonzululwazi abalwenzi kanye kuphela uphando lwabo babe balugqibile. Bayahluka, baguqule iindlela zabo, bafanekise izinto ezithile, baphonononge oko bakwenzayo, kwakunye neziphumo zoko bakwenzileyo. Ngako oko ke abafundi bakho baya kuba baziphethe njengoosonzululwazi boqobo!

Yintoni ekulindeleke ukuba abafundi bakho bayenze? Uyabazi abafundi bakho. Zama ukuqikelela ukuba baya kwenza ntoni na. Chitha isithutyana nje sexesha uzama ukucinga ngoko bafanele ukuba bacinga ngako nabaya kuthi bakuzame, ukwenzela ukuba amaqhekeza abo omkhenkce anyibilike ngokukhawuleza. Oko kuya kukunceda kumalungiselelo akho. Into abantwana abagqibe nabaceba ukuyenza, mhlawumbi, ingabonakalisa ulwazi lwabo lwangaphambili nasele benalo. Umzekelo, abanye abantwana, mhlawumbi bangagqatsisa amaqhekeza abo omkhenkce ngelanga. Mhlawumbi abanye abafundi bangawabeka awabo amagaqa omkhenkce kwindawo emnyama elangeni. Ukanti abanye bangawacubha okanye bawahlafune awabo amagaqa omkhenkce. Abanye baba bafundi mhlawumbi bangazama ukunyibilikisa awabo amagaqa omkhenkce ngokuwaqhekeza phantsi, emhlabeni. Zama ukuvula ingqondo, ulindele nantoni na. Kufuneka ulindele ukuba abafundi bakho bangaphuma nalapho ubungacingelanga khona ngezinto abazenzayo.

Zeziphi iindlela ezilungileyo zokwenza ukuba umkhenkce unyamalale ngokupheleleyo? Xa siceba uphando, siqala ngokuzibuza imibuzo. Usuka phi umkhenkce? Uya phi umkhenkce? Ngokwale meko ke, umbuzo wethu ngowokuba, Zeziphi iindlela ezilungileyo zokwenza ukuba umkhenkce unyamalale ngokupheleleyo? Ngubani onokwenza ukuba elakhe igaqa lomkhenkce ibe lelona linyibilika ngokukhawuleza? Oku kuvakala ngathi lugqatso. UMSEBENZI 1 Qala ngokucela abafundi bakho ukuba bakungqonge. Ukuba unendawo ekuqundanwa kuyo kuhleliwe phantsi eklasini yakho, cela abafundi ukuba niye kuloo ndawo. Xa kuthe kanti ayikho indawo enjalo, ekhethekileyo yokufundela nokubalisa amabali eklasini yakho, cela abafundi ukuba badibanise izitulo zabo, ze bahlale phantsi ukuze kulungiselelwe ingxoxo.

Ungaqala mhlawumbi ngokubalisa ibali, okanye ngengxoxo malunga nemozulu, ngakumbi imini eshushu, ngxoxo leyo iya kukhokelela kubukho bamagaqa omkhenkce. Buza abafundi bakho ukuba yintoni na abayaziyo malunga nomkhenkce. Bhala phantsi iimpendulo zabo kwiphepha elikhulu lokubhala ngekoki okanye uzibhale ebhodini ngokungathi yindlu yezigcawu okanye yimaphu yocwangciso-zingcinga.

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2 IBanga R kunye neBanga 1 UMSEBENZI

Xa usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye iBanga 1, kufuneka ubanike imiyalelo ecacileyo malunga nokulandelayo ofuna bakwenze. Sicebisa ukuba kufuneka ubaxelele ngokungqalileyo nangenyameko into ekufuneka beyenzile. Baxelele ukuba iklasi yenu iza kuzama ukufumanisa ezona ndlela zilunge kakhulu nezona zikhawulezayo zokwenza ukuba amagaqa omkhenkce anyibilike. Emva koko ke baxelele ukuba ufuna basebenze ngokwezibini kwaye uza kunika isibini ngasinye iqhekeza lomkhenkce. Baxelele ukuba kuza kufuneka ukuba kuphunyelwe ngaphandle eklasini, kwaye ufuna bajonge ukuba ngowuphi na umntu oya kufumana ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokwenza umkhenkce ukuba unyamalale ngokupheleleyo. Bakhumbuze ukuba bazame ukucinga ngezona ndlela zikhawulezayo zokwenzeka koku. Khuphela ngaphandle abafundi bakho. Ungabaxelela ukuba bazikhethele amaqabane abaza kusebenza nawo okanye ubabele ngokwakho abantu ofuna ukuba basebenze nabo. Nika isibini ngasinye igaqa lomkhenkce eliseglasini yeplastiki elahlwayo. Kuya kufuneka ukuba wenze isigqibo malunga nokuba ikude kangakanani na nesikolo le ndawo ufuna nisebenzele kuyo. Mhlawumbi ungagqiba kwelokuba nisebenzele emabaleni okudlala ukwenzela ukuba ningaphazamisani nezinye iiklasi. Mhlawumbi ningakwazi nokusebenzela ecaleni nje kweklasi yenu. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba unakho ukwalusa isibini ngasinye kwesikwenzayo. Bakhuthaze abafundi bakho ukuba bacinge ngeendlela ezahlukileyo zokwenza ukuba imikhenkce yabo inyibilike. Xa sithe isininzi sabafundi bakho sakwazi ukunyibilikisa imikhenkce yaso, ungabaphindisela kwaseklasini ukuze nixoxe malunga noko nikwenzileyo kwanoko kuthe kwafunyaniswa.

IBanga 2 neBanga 3 Ukuba kuthe kanti abafundi bakho sele benonyaka okanye iminyaka emibini besesikolweni, sicebisa ukuba ubanike ithutyana lokwenza izicwangciso zokwenza uphando lwabo ngokwezigaba ezibini besebenza ngokwamaqela amancinane ezibini okanye ezithathu. O Okokuqala baxelele ukuba bachithe ithutyana elifutshane becinga okanye bethetha ngezinto abanokuzenza. O Emva koko ke bacele ukuba bazobe isicwangciso soko bafuna ukukwenza. Bakhuthaze ukuba baqikelele ngokunokuthi kwenzeke. Kufuneka ulaluse ze ulicuthe xa kuyimfuneko ixesha lale misebenzi mibini. Ukucinga kubalulekile, kodwa kuyafuneka ukuba abafundi babe nethuba lokusebenzisa iingcinga nezicwangciso zabo. Inqanaba elilandelayo kukubaxelela ukuba baqhube uphando lwabo. Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba ufuna baqwalasele oko kwenzekayo. Bakhumbuze ukuba babhale phantsi oko bakubonayo. Njengoko usebenza nabafundi abaselula, sicebisa ukuba ubakhuphele phandle abafundi bakho ukuze kwenziwe olu phando. Nika isibini ngasinye okanye isithathu ngasinye iqhekeza lomkhenkce elikwiglasi yeplastiki elahlwayo. Qinisekisa ukuba uyakwazi ukwalusa okwenziwa liqela ngalinye elincinane, kwaye uyafumaneka ukuze uqhube okanye ukhuthaze abo bafundi basokolayo. 8

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Lo gama abafundi belinde ukunyibilika kwamaqhekeza abo omkhenkce, kufuneka baqwalasele okwenzekayo ze banike ingxelo ngokuqhubekayo: ‘Iqhekeza elo linendawana ezinyibilikayo’; ‘Linyibilike icala’; ‘Linyibilike laphela’; njalo njalo. Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3 banokulinganisela ixesha elithathwe liqhekeza lomkhenkce ukunyibilika besebenzisa iiwotshi.

Yintoni esiyifundileyo? Qokelela abafundi bakho kwakhona ukuze kuqhutywe ingxoxo. Bakhumbuze ngokwabelana ngezicwangciso zabo. Babuze ukuba: O Yintoni ebebecinga ukuba iza kwenzeka phambi kokuba bazame ukunyibilikisa amaqhekeza omkhenkce abo? O Yintoni abayifumanisileyo? Bacinga ukuba kutheni kwenzeke loo nto nje? O Yintoni eyenza ukuba umkhenkce ukhawuleze kangaka ukunyamalala? O Amanzi lawo ingaba ayaphi? O Yintoni esiyifundileyo?

Ubunzululwazi boNyibiliko nokuvela koMphunga • Unyibiliko ligama esilinika inkqubo yokuguquka kwesiqina (solid) sibe lulwelo (liquid). Ibhotolo iyanyibilika. I-ayisikhrimu iyanyibilika. Itshokholethi iyanyibilika. Umkhenkce uyanyibilika. • Ukuvela komphunga luhlobo ekubizwa ngalo imo elandelayo yenguquko xa ulwelo lukhangeleka ngokungathi luyaguquka luba yirhasi okanye umphunga.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuphembelel a ukuba abafundi bakho bacinge nangakumbi.

Zama ukwenza abafundi bakho ukuba bacacise ngoko kwenzekayo nesizathu soko. Xa besenza oku, abafundi bakha ingcingane efuna ukuqinisekiswa okanye bakha ithiyori - malunga nesizathu sokwenzeka koko kwenzekayo. Kuya kuthini xa bathe abafundi bawuhlafuna umkhenkce? Xa kuthe kwenzeka oko, babuze abafundi ukuba, Ingaba umkhenkce lowo uye phi na? Ze emva koko kwenzeka ntoni na? Okokugqibela, ungababuza abafundi ukuba, Kwenzeka ntoni xa sibila? Le nto ingenza abafundi bakhe unxulumano namanye amava abo. Umzekelo, ingaba yoma njani impahla exhonywe ecingweni? Musa ukuzikhathaza ngokufumana iimpendulo ‘ezichanekileyo’. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuphembelela ukuba abafundi bakho bacinge nangakumbi. Le ngxoxo yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yophando. Ukhokela abafundi ukuba bacinge kwaye bacamngce ngoko bakwenzileyo, kwakunye noko bakufumanisileyo. Ubanceda ukuba bathethe ngamava nageengcinga zabo. Okona kufunda kunamandla kuveliswa okanye kuphuhliswa kukwenza (yinkqubo).

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Ukuphanda ngodongwe ‘Ibhokisana yamaqashiso’ – Ukuhlanganisa uLwimi nezeNzululwazi ‘Ibhokisana yamaqashiso’ okanye ‘Ingxowana yamaqashiso’ sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu nekuyimfuneko ukuba utitshala ngamnye wesikolo samabanga aphantsi abe naso. Yibhokisi okanye ingxowana enezinto ezahlukileyo ezininzi ngaphakathi. Injongo yayo yeyokuba umntu abe nakho ukufaka isandla sakhe ngaphakathi abambe okanye eve into engaphakathi, kungekho mntu ubonayo ukuba yintoni na leyo ibanjiweyo. Ibhokisana yejusi ebukhulu buziilitha ezi-5 ingasebenza kakuhle kakhulu. Kananjalo nebhokisi yamaphepha (enesiciko) engaphethanga nto ebinamaphepha okwenza iikopi isenokusetyenziswa. Le nto isebenza kakuhle kakhulu xa ibhokisi leyo igqojozwe macala omabini, ukuze abantwana babe nakho ukufaka izandla zozibini ebhokisini, ukuze babe nakho ukuyiva ngcono loo nto bayibambayo. Ungayisebenzisa ibhokisana yamaqashiso (ingxowana yamaqashiso) ukuze uphuhlise okanye wandise ukusetyenziswa kolwimi lokucacisa ngabafundi bakho. Kananjalo ungayisebenzisela iNyumerasi, ezeNzulul wazi kwakunye neZakhono zoBomi. Nanjengoko eli candelo lijolise kwiNkqunto neziNto ezinomsebenzi, ibhokisana yamaqashiso ixabiseke kakhulu ngokusebenziseka kwayo xa ufuna abafundi abancinane bacinge malunga neempawu zenkqunto nezinto ezinomsebenzi. Phambi kokuba usebenzise ibhokisana yamaqashiso nabafundi bakho, yenza isicwangciso sokuba yintoni na onokuyifaka kwibhokisana leyo ngeli thuba. Faka izinto eziqhelekileyo, izinto ezivakala ngokwahlukileyo nezineemo ezahlukileyo. Kubafundi beBanga 2 nele-3, zama ukubandakanya izinto ezihlanganisa iimvakalo kwakunye neemo ezahlukileyo. Umzekelo ungaquka ibhrashi yamazinyo, ibhola yentenetya, isikhuhli, ibhrashi yeenzipho, ilitye, ipensile okanye usiba, ikama.

Ukuphanda inkqunto ngokuyichukumisa Onke amaBanga Xa uza kuqala ukusebenzisa ibhokisana yamaqashiso okanye ingxowana yamaqashiso, qokelela abafundi, bakungqonge. Baxelele ukuba ufuna bamamele ngenyameko. Baxelele abantwana ukuba uza kubiza umntwana omnye ukuba azokufaka izandla zakhe ebhokisini, ukuze abambe into esebhokisini ze ayive ngesandla ukuba yintoni na. Qinisekisa ukuba abantwana bayaqonda ukuba akufuneki bazikhuphe izinto ebhokisini. Baza kusebenzisa izandla zabo kuphela ukuva ukuba yintoni leyo bayibambileyo. Xelela abafundi ukuba awufuni ukuba umntwana lowo ufake izandla ebhokisini axelele iklasi ngento ayibambileyo. Koko kuza kubuzwa imibuzo ukuzama ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba yintoni na loo nto ibanjiweyo. Umntu uza kuzama ukuqashela okanye aqikelele ngokukhokelwa ziimpendulo azinikayo zemibuzo leyo.

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Emva koko khetha umntwana abe mnye obemamele ngenyameko, ukuze eme ecaleni kwakho. Buza imibuzo eya kukuxelela okuthile ngesimo, ngemvakalo yoburhabaxa nobumpuluswa, ngokuqina kwakunye nomsebenzi wento leyo (ngamanye amagama malunga neempawu zento leyo). Umzekelo, O Imile njani le nto uyibambileyo? O Ingaba iqinile? O Ungakwazi ukuyicudisa? O Ucinga ukuba yenziwe ngantoni? Khumbula ukuba umntwana akasayi kuyibona into leyo. Uyaqashisela nje, esekele loo maqashiso kwinto ayibambileyo. Lo gama achukumisa into leyo, eyiphathaphatha usebenzisa ulwimi olucacisa loo nto ayivayo. Njengoko uqhubeka nokubuza imibuzo, yithi chu ukhuthaza ukuba iklasi le xa iyonke ibuze imibuzo nayo. Emva kokuba wena neklasi niqashele ngempumelelo ukuba yintoni na into yokuqala ethe yabanjwa, biza omnye umntwana ukuba eze ngaphambili aze kufuna into ebhokisini. Phinda ukhuthaze abafundi ukuba babuze imibuzo. Khuthaza umntwana lowo ubamba into esebhokisini ukuba aphendule imibuzo malunga naloo nto ayibambileyo. Yithi chu ukhuthaza abantwana ukuba babuze imibuzo efana naleyo ubuyibuzile. Baya kukonwabela ukubandakanyeka ze bawuthathele emagxeni abo umsebenzi lowo. Baya kufunda isakhono esibaluleke kakhulu sokubuza imibuzo esenga iimpendulo ezibalulekileyo.

Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3 Ungawandisa lo msebenzi nabafundi beBanga 2 kwakunye nabeBanga 3 ngokunika iqela ngalinye ibhokisi yamaqashiso enezinto ezithile ngaphakathi. Umntu ngamnye ufumana ithuba lokufaka izandla zakhe ebhokisini ukuze akhethe into ethile, ayichukumise ngenyameko (eyiphonononga), ze acacise ngayo (enika ingxelo). Umndilili weqela elo uzama ukuqashisela ukuba yintoni na le iphethwe ngulo mntu (ukutolika - kusenziwa uvalo-zikhewu) ngokubuza imibuzo.

Ukuphanda inkqunto ngokusebenzisa zonke iziva-mvo zethu Izinto oza kuzifuna

ibhokisana yamaqashiso ixabiseke kakhulu ngokusebenziseka kwayo xa ufuna abafundi abancinane bacinge malunga neempawu zenkqunto nezinto ezinomsebenzi

INKQUNTO NEZINTO EZINOMSEBENZI

O Isityana esincinane sodongwe olungumgubo owomileyo oluza kusetyenziswa liqela ngalinye O Idropha (dropper) encinane yeqela ngalinye O Iphetshana elibukhulu bungu-A3 elinemaphu yeengcinga ezotyiweyo yeqela ngalinye (kwiBanga 2 okanye kwiBanga 3) O Iikhrayoni ezinemibala emibini kwiqela ngalinye (kwiBanga 2 kunye neBanga 3) O Uxwebhu lwephepha lokubhala elinemigca yemaphu yeengcinga ezotyiweyo (iBanga R okanye iBanga 1) O Iikoki ezinemibala emibini (iBanga R okanye iBanga 1) Ungalufumana udongwe olungumgubo owomileyo kwivenkile ethengisa izinto zokuxonxa, okanye izinto zodongwe. (Uya kuyifumana idilesi yabathengisi eKapa kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 82.) Ukuba uneedropha ezincinane, abantwana bangadibanisa amanzi amancinane nolu dongwe lomileyo kwinxalenye yesibini yophando. 11

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Ukuphonononga kunye nokubhala ingxelo Nika iqela ngalinye uxwebhu lwephepha olunemigca yemaphu yeengcinga ebhalwe kulo kwakunye nesitya esincinane ekugalelwe kuso udongwe olungumgubo. Cela abafundi ukuba baphonononge olo dongwe. Bacele ukuba balukhe ngesandla udongwe olo, ukuze beve ukuba luvakala njani phakathi kweminwe yabo. Bacele ukuba baluthelekise kunye nezinye izinto ezifana nalo. Babuze abafundi ukuba, O Lukhangeleka njani udongwe? O Luvakala njani udongwe? O Ingaba ukhe wayibona na into efana nalo? Baxelele ukuba bathethe ngoko bakubonayo noko bakuvayo. Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 kunye nabeBanga 3, bacele ukuba bazibhale phantsi izinto abazibonayo kwimaphu yabo yeengcinga (imibala, uhlobo ezivakala ngalo, ubunzima nobulula bazo, njalo njalo). Ukanti ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R kunye nabeBanga 1 sicebisa ukuba uhamba-hambe phakathi kwamaqela la ukuze ujonge indlela abafundi bakho abaqhuba ngayo. Emva koko ke kuya kufuneka ukuba nibe nengxoxo yeklasi xa usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1, malunga noko bakubonileyo. Zibhale phantsi iimbono zabo kuxwebhu lwephepha elinemaphu yeengcinga obulucwangcisile. Enye yezinto onokuyenza kukunika iqela ngalinye isipha samagama abanokukhetha kuso kunye nesincamathelisimaphepha eludongeni. Le yinto eyenziwa ngootitshala baseNorthwood. Emva koko baye bacela abantwana ukuba bakhethe ze bancamathisele kwimaphu yeengcinga amagama abacinga ukuba acacisa ngokupheleleyo ukuguda noburhabaxa bento, umbala wayo, njalo, njalo.

Ukuxoxa nokunxibelelana Abafundi beBanga 2 kunye nabeBanga 3 Cela abafundi bakho ukuba bakuxelele ngabakufumanisileyo. Esi sisakhono esibalulekileyo senkqubo yezenzululwazi esiya kunceda abafundi bakho ukuba baphuhlise ukuzithemba ekumeni, bathethe ngaphambili kweklasi iyonke. Kananjalo baya kufunda ukumamela abanye xa bethethayo ze beve ukuba bathini na kwaye becinga ntoni abanye abafundi. Lo gama babelana ngeembono zabo abafundi, bhala phantsi loo magalelo abo kwimaphu yeengcinga esebhodini. Into esiyifumanisileyo yeyokuba iiklasi ezininzi zakwazi ukuqashela ukuba loo nto iviwayo iyintoni na kanye. Abafundi ababekhe bahlala emaphandleni nasezilalini, nokuba kungethuba leeholide, baba nakho ukwazi udongwe olomileyo.

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Ukuqikelela nokubhala ingxelo Phambi kokuba unikezele ngeedropha ezinamanzi, cela abafundi ukuba bacinge ngokuba O Kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba siye sagalela amaqabaza amancinane amanzi? O Ingaba amanzi aya kuluguqula njani udongwe olo? Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 kunye nabeBanga 3, bacele ukuba babhale phantsi iingqikelelo zabo ngombala omnye kwimaphu yeengcinga. Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R kunye nabeBanga 1, sebenzisa iikoki ukubhala iingqikelelo zabafundi bakho. Kwakhona, cela amaqela abafundi ukuba abelane ngeengcinga zawo neklasi iyonke, ze ubhale iingcinga zabo kwimaphu yengqondo esebhodini.

Ukuphanda, ukuqwalasela nokubhala ingxelo Ngoku ke nikezela iidropha kwakunye namanzana amancinane kwiqela ngalinye. Cela abafundi ukuba bagalele amaqabazana amancinane amanzi kumgubo lowo wodongwe. Baxelele ukuba ufuna babhale phantsi oko bakufumanisileyo kwimaphu yeengcinga ngombala owohlukileyo kulowo bebebhale ngawo iingqikelelo zabo. Buza abafundi ukuba bafumanise ntoni na. Emva koko ke bhala oko bakufumanisileyo kwimaphu yeengcinga esebhodini.

Ukunxibelelana Ukuguquka kweempawu zenkqunto Udongwe luhlobo lomhlaba ocolekileyo. Amaqhekezana omhlaba olu dongwe (amaqhekezanyana amancinane kakhulu) ngamaqhekeza amancinci kakhulu kwaye akanazigaqa. Iimpawu zodongwe olungumgubo ziyaguquka xa ludityaniswe nolwelo olunjengamanzi, noluthi luhlanganise amaqhekezana lawo. Amanzanyana amancinane agalelwe kudongwe angaveza udongwe olunokubunjwa luxonxwe. Ukongezwa kwamanzi amaninzi kuya kwenza intlama.

MATTER AND MATERIALS

Buza abafundi bakho ukuba, O Bebecinga (baqikelele) ukuba kuza kwenzeka ntoni? O Zinto zini iinguqu abazibonileyo okanye abazivileyo? O Kwenzeke ntoni emanzini? O Ingaba iingqikelelo zabo bezichanekile kusini na? O Faka iimbono zabafundi bakho kwakunye noko bakufumanisileyo kwimaphu yeengcinga yeqela lonke, usebenzisa umbala owahlukileyo wekoki.

Ingaba sifunde ntoni na? Ekugqibeleni, buza iklasi iyonke ukuba, “Yintoni esiyifundileyo apha?” Lunikezelo lwengxelo olubaluleke kakhulu olu kuba wenza iklasi yakho ukuba ivavanye uphando. Ungacela abafundi ukuba banike ingxelo ngoko bacinga ukuba bakufundile ngokuba bakuzobe. Cela abafundi beBanga 2 kunye nabeBanga 3 ukuba baleyibhelishe imifanekiso yabo. Musa ukuzikhathaza ngopelo lwamagama olungachanekanga. Into esifuna ukuyikhuthaza kukufundwa kokubhala okusaqalayo.

Ukwandisa uphando Ungawandisa amava abafundi bakho kwakunye nophando lodongwe ngokunika umfundi ngamnye udongwe ‘olumanzi’. Udongwe olumanzi lukhangeleka ngokwentlama kwaye ungalubumba ukuba lube yiloo nto ufuna lufane nayo. Udongwe oluyintlama alumanzanga kakhulu njengodaka. Lona lubuqina. Ungaluqhekeza okanye ulushicilele, ze ulubumbe lube yiloo nto uyifunayo. Nika umntwana ngamnye udongwanyana ze ucele ukuba balubumbe olo dongwe lufane neenyokana ezincinci ezenziwe ngodongwe olumanzi. Baxelele ukuba bathathe imilinganiselo yeenyokana zaba ze babhale phantsi ubude bazo kumaphetshana amancinane. Cela abafundi bakho ukuba baqikelele ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni na. Umzekelo, “Ucinga ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni kwinyokana yakho xa udongwe lomile? Ngoba?” Emva koko ke beka iinyokana ezo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo apho ziya koma ngokucothayo kwaye zingabikho ngozini yokuqhekeka. Zigqume iinyokana ezo ngento ebuplastiki ukuze zingomi ngokukhawuleza. Xa udongwe luthe loma ngokukhawuleza, luqhekeka ngokulula ze lophuke. Emva kwethuba, xa iinyokana ezo zomile, cela abafundi ukuba bathathe imilinganiselo yeenyokana zabo. Bangade bayilebhelishe nemizobo yabo. Ingaba iingqikelelo zabo zichanekile? Ingaba bacinga ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kwiinyoka zabo? Kutheni? 13

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Ukuphanda ngesonka

Izinto oza kuzifuna Sicebisa ukuba ungabi nabafundi abangaphezulu kwe-6 kwiqela ngalinye. Ukuba unabafundi aba-4 kwiqela ngalinye, loo nto iya kwenza ukuba abafundi babe namathuba ongezelelekileyo okuthabatha inxaxheba. Kwicandelo lokuqala lophando, kuya kufuneka ukuba ube umgubo wokuxova, igwele, iswekile, ityuwa, amanzi kunye ne-oli, kwakunye nesityana esincinane seqela ngalinye. Phambi kokuba uqalise ngolu phando kunye nabafundi bakho, galela esinye sezithako kwisityana esincinane ngasinye. Qinisekisa ukuba iqela ngalinye linento eyahlukileyo kwelinye. Le nto ibaluleke kakhulu. Akufuneki ukuba unike iqela elinye izithako zonke. Ufuna ukunika abafundi bakho into emangalisayo! Ukuba unike iqela ngalinye into eyahlukileyo kwelinye ukuze liyiphonononge ze liyiphande, kukho isizathu esisiso sokuba babelane ngoko bakubonileyo. Esi sisakhono senkqubo yezenzululwazi sokunxibelelana.

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Ukuphanda ngeempawu zezinto ezinomsebenzi Xa sele uzicwangcisile izitya ezo, nika iqela ngalinye isityana esincinci esinesithako esahlukileyo kudederhu lwezithako. Ukuba ufundisa abafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, nika iqela ngalinye iphetshana elibukhulu bungu-A3 kwakunye nosiba ukuze babhale phantsi oko bakuqapheleyo. Sicebise ngeminye imibuzo onokuthi uyibuze ukuze ubaphembelele ukuba baqwalasele kwaye bacinge ngenyameko malunga nento leyo isesityeni esisetafileni yabo. Kananjalo ufuna ukuba abantwana baqikelele ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni na xa bechintse amanzana okanye xa begalele amanzi amaninzi. O Ingaba ikhangeleka njani? Yintoni ebangela ukuba ucinge ngolo hlobo? O Ingaba ivakala njani xa uyichukumisa? O Ingaba ivakala njani xa uyijoja? O Ingaba ivakala njani xa uyingcamla? O Ingaba ucinga ukuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni xa uchintse amanzi kuyo? Ukanti, kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ugalele amanzi amaninzi? Cela abafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3 ukuba babhale phantsi oko bakubonileyo kwiphetshana obanike lona. Ukanti ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye beBanga 1, cela iqela ngalinye ukuba labelane nabanye ngoko bakuqapheleyo. Emva koko bhala phantsi oko bakubonileyo kwimaphu yeengcinga yeklasi esetshathini okanye esebhodini. Xa kuthe akwabikho mntu ucingayo ukuba kufaneleke ukuba kwenzeke ntoni na ngezi zithako xa zidibene zizonke, buza abafundi ukuba bacinga ukuba kungenziwa ntoni na ngezi zithako xa zidityanisiwe zonke. Sicinga ukuba kuya kubakho nokuba mnye umntu oya kucebisa ukuba kungenziwa isonka!

Sazi ntoni ngesonka? Phambi kokuba ubambe ingxoxo nabafundi bakho, chitha ixeshanyana ucinga ngento ocinga ukuba abafundi bakho bayayazi ngesonka. Kumakhaya amaninzi isonka sisenziwa rhoqo. Cinga ngeentlobo ezahlukileyo zezonka. Ingaba kwenziwa isonka esinjani ngamatheko akhethekileyo? Ingaba isonka sisetyenziswa njani kwimicimbi yenkolo kwakunye neyenkcubeko? Ingaba isonka siphekwa ngendlela enye? Kananjalo ungagqiba kwelokuba uqokelele izisongeli okanye amaphepha (iiplastiki zesonka, njl) zokufaka iintlobo zezonka ezahlukileyo ukuze ubonise iklasi yakho. Xa ugqibe ekwenzeni ingxoxo neklasi yakho, khangela uxwebhu lwephepha letshati kwakunye nekoki okanye ikhrayoni. Qokelela abafundi, bakungqonge, ze ubabuze ukuba bazi ntoni na ngesonka. Bhala phantsi yonke into abakuxelela yona ngokohlobo lwendlu yesigcawu okanye imaphu yeengcinga.

Musa ukulushiya olu phando kuba ningenaso isitovu se-onti esikolweni sakho. Nokuba uwenze onke amalungiselelo nabafundi, wayixova intlama, ungayibhaka/uyipheke intlama yesonka sakho ekhaya. Ngosuku olulandelayo ningabelana ngeso sonka eklasini.

INKQUNTO NEZINTO EZINOMSEBENZI

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Ukwenza isonka - ithuba lokwenza uhlanganiso Siyathemba ukuba uya kugqiba ekubeni wenze isonka esikolweni kunye nabafundi bakho. Olu phando yenye yezinto eziphume phambili kwiintlobo zophando esizenzileyo, kwaye sikonwabele xa sisonke ukulwenza. Kananjalo, ikwayindlela eyiyo yohlanganiso lwemimandla emithathu yokufunda yekharityhulamu yesiGaba esisiSeko: ILitheresi, IzaKhono zoBomi kunye neNyumerasi. Xa senza isonka nabafundi, kufuneka bathathe imilinganiselo yezixa zezithako, ubunzima kunye nexesha.

Izinto oza kuzifuna Kwiqela ngalinye kuya kufuneka ukuba kubekho: O isitya sokuxovela O iphini O ijagi okanye imagi, kunye O neemagi zokulinganisela okanye amacephe okulinganisela O umgubo wengqolowa O igwele O iswekile O ityuwa O i-oli kunye O namanzi Kananjalo usenokugqiba ekubeni ube nezinye izithako ezongezelelekileyo (amaqanda, ubisi, njl) ukwenzela ukuba amaqela abafundi abe nakho ukwenza iintlobo zezonka ezahlukileyo. Le ibe yinto eyenziwe nguJean Grooter wesikolo samabanga aphantsi, iMoravian Primary School, ePhillipi. Kananjalo ngumbono omhle ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abafundi banxibe uhlobo oluthile lwee-ovaroli. Oku kusenokwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kweeplastiki zenkunkuma ezivulwe imingxuma yentloko ngaphantsi, ze kugqojozwe imingxunyana emibini yeengalo emacaleni. Emva koko ke usenokujongisa iplastiki leyo yenkunkuma ezantsi, ze unxibise abafundi ezi lokhwana. A Khumbula ukuba iiplastiki zenkunkuma ezingagqojozwanga mingxuma zingabenza abantwana bafuthaniseleke.

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Ukwabelana ngokufunda Yenza ikopi yeresiphi, ze unike iqela ngalinye. Akukhathaliseki nokuba usebenza nabafundi abancinane kangakanani. Eyona nto siyifunayo kukuba baqhelane nokubona okubhaliweyo koko kubangqongileyo. Nakubeni nje oomama, oomakazi, oomakhulu noosisi babo besenokungazisebenzisi iiresiphi ezibhaliweyo xa bepheka, iresiphi lolunye uhlobo lombhalo oluyinxalenye yezicatshulwa ezibhaliweyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Nokuba ucinga ukuba oko iya kuba yinkcitha-xesha nje, kuba abafundi bakho “bengekakwazi okwangoku ukufunda”, sicebisa ukuba ubanike iresiphi. Le yenye yeendlela zokwenza ulwimi kunye nelitheresi ibe yinxalenye nento enomongo kolu phando. Yenza ikopi ebhalwe ngokucacileyo nakakhulu ukuze ixhonywe edongeni. Emva koko ke fundela abafundi bakho ngokuvakalayo iresiphi leyo. Bacele ukuba bafunde kwakhona iresiphi leyo kunye nawe.

Ukupheka/ukubhaka intlama yesonka Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngendlela isonka eso esiya kuphekwa ngayo. Izikolo ezininzi esisebenze nazo bezingenazo izitovu zokubhaka nokupheka izonka zabo. Kodwa ziye zenza amalungiselelo okwenza amagwinya, isonka esojiweyo, ukanti abanye bade beza nee-onti eziphathwayo eziklasini. Kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba uya kuyisombulula njani le ngxaki esikolweni sakho. Mhlawumbi, uya kugqiba ekubeni niyixove intlama ekuzeni kuphuma kwesikolo, ukwenzela ukuba uyithathe intlama leyo, ugoduke nayo ze uyibhake ngokwakho. Ungeza nezinto ezo ke uziphekileyo esikolweni, ukuze ubonise ngeziphumo ezo ze kwabelwane ngezonka ezo neklasi.

Ukuba uthathe intlama leyo wagoduka nayo, ukuze uyipheke, ungayipheka ngeendlela ezahlukileyo. Le nto inganinika ithuba lokuba nikwazi ukuthelekisa ukuguda noburhabaxa kwakunye nencasa kunye nevumba lezonka ezo.

Ukungcamla (kunye nokuvavanya) isonka esibhakiweyo Le yindlela entle yokuhlanganisa ulwimi kunye nophando lwakho lwezenzululwazi. Babele isonka phantse ngokulinganayo bonke abafundi bakho. Into oyifunayo kukuba umntwana ngamnye abe nento ayingcamleyo – ngokwaneleyo – ukuze akwazi ukucacisa ukuba injani na incasa yesonka eso kwaye yona inkangeleko yaso injani na. Kananjalo ufuna ukuba abafundi bakho bakwazi ukuthelekisa inkangeleko, ukuguda noburhabaxa kwakunye nencasa yezonka ezenzelwe ukuthengiswa. Kananjalo, ufuna bazi ukuba ingaba izonka ziyafana kusini na okanye kukho iintlobo zezonka ezahlukileyo na (oko kuthetha igwinya, isonka esojiweyo, isonka esimhlophe, isonka esimdaka, isonka esenziwe ngobisi, isonka esenziwe ngeqanda). Oku kuya kunika abafundi ithuba lokuqwalasela nokunika ingxelo koko bakuphononongileyo kunye nabakufumanisileyo. INKQUNTO NEZINTO EZINOMSEBENZI

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Xa umntwana ngamnye sele efumene iqhekeza lesonka, cela abantwana ukuba bawajonge ngenyameko lo maqhekeza. Babuze ukuba, O Ingaba iqhekeza elo lingachazwa njani? O Ingaba iqhekeza elo likhangeleka njani? Emva koko ke nika abantwana ithutyana lokuba bajonge ze bacinge kwaye bathethe nabanye abantwana. Ungazibhala phantsi izinto abazithethayo, okanye ungakuthatha oku njengengxoxo yomlomo. Emva koko ke babuze ukuba, O Ingaba isonka eso usiphetheyo sifana njani kunye nesonka sasevenkileni okanye emarikeni? O Ingaba ezi ntlobo zezonka zahluke njani? Kwakhona phinda unike abafundi bakho ixesha lokuqwalasela nokucinga ngamaqhekeza ezonka abawaphetheyo. Ukuba uzibhala phantsi izinto abazithethayo, bhala phantsi iimpendulo zale mibuzo kanjalo. Emva koko ke, buza iklasi yakho ukuba, O Ingaba injani incasa yesonka sakho? O Yintoni isizathu sokuba bacinge njalo? O Ingaba sivakala sirhabaxa okanye simpuluswa kusini na? Kwakhona nika abafundi bakho ithuba lokungcamla nokucinga ngezonka abanazo. Ukuba wenze iintlobo ezahlukileyo zezonka okanye upheke isonka ngeendlela ezahlukileyo, cela abafundi bakho ukuba bathelekise izonka ezahlukileyo, iindlela ezahlukileyo zokupheka izonka, kwakunye neencasa nokuguda noburhabaxa bezonka ezo.

Ukubhala phantsi into esiyifundileyo – Ukwabelana ngokubhala Emva koko, kufuneka ucamngce kunye neklasi yakho malunga noko nikwenze ninonke, kwakunye noko kufundiweyo. Thatha iphepha elikhulu ze uxelele abantwana ukuba ufuna bakuncede nibhale ngoko bakwenzileyo xa bebesenza izonka. O Bacele ukuba bakuxelele ukuba yintoni na abayenzileyo kuqala. Kufuneka ulungele ukulinda lo gama basacingayo. O Buza kwalo mbuzo mnye kwakhona ngendlela eyahlukileyo (umzekelo, Besiqale njani ukwenza isonka sethu?). O Xa omnye wabantwana enika uluvo, nokuba libinzana nje, mncome lo mntwana. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubakhuthaze abafundi bakho. Ukuba uluvo lwaloo mntwana asinto yakuqala ngqa abantwana abathe bayenza, bakhumbuze ukuba ufuna ukubhala yonke into abayenzileyo. Yintoni eyiyeyona yokuqala esiyenzileyo? O Khuthaza abafundi bakho ukuba bakunike izivakalisi ezizezabo kwakunye namagama angawabo zama kangangoko ukuba ungabhali ngokwamagama akho. Bhala oko abantwana bakuxelela kona. Emva kokuba ubhale zonke izivakalisi, cela abafundi ukuba bafunde izivakalisi kunye nawe. Lo gama usongeza izivakalisi, khuthaza abafundi ukuba bafunde kunye nawe konke oko ukubhalileyo. Lo gama ubaphembelelayo abafundi, zama ukubakhuthaza abantwana ukuba bacinge ngolandelelwano loko bakwenzileyo. 18

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Usakuba uzibhale phantsi zonke iintlobo zamava ngokwenziweyo, funda ngokuvakalayo konke okubhaliweyo othe wena kunye nabafundi bakho nakuyila. Buza abafundi ukuba ingaba bonwatyisiwe kusini na koko bathe bakuyila. Ingaba ulandelelwano lufanelekile? Ingaba bangacinga ngandlela yimbi ilungileyo yokuthetha ngento ethile? Eli lithuba elifanelekileyo lokuba wena kunye nabafundi bakho, manihlele nilungise iziphene koko bebekuyalela ukuba ukubhale. Le yinxalenye yenkqubo yokubhala. Abafundi bakho baza kuba becinga kwaye belinganisa ababhali bokwenene. Thatha umbala wekoki ongomnye okanye ikhrayoni enombala owahlukileyo ukuze wenze ingququ ngayo. Emva koko uya kubhala uluhlu olulungileyo nolungenaziphene, oza kuluxhoma kudonga lweklasi yakho. Ungaqalisa nencwadi yabafundi bakho yeeresiphi ezithandwayo kunye nabantwana abo.

Xa oosonzululwazi bechaza iintlobo zophando abalwenzayo, basebenzisa amagama anjengala alandelayo ukucacisa inkqubo yophando: Okokuqala, Phambi, Elandelayo, Emva koko, Ze, Okokugqibela.

Uluhlu lweenguqulelo KwezeNzululwazi sithi sicinge ngendlela iimpawu zezinto eziguquka ngayo. Xa sisenza isonka, kwaye sidibanisa izithako ezahlukileyo, iimpawu zezithako ezahlukileyo ziyaguquka. Iimpawu zezinto ziyaguquka xa sithe sazidibanisa, kananjalo iimpawu ziyaguquka xa zifakwe ebushushwini (xa ziphekiwe). Ukufakwa kwezinto ebushushwini (ukubhaka okanye ukupheka)kwenza iinguqu esingenakukwazi ukuzihlehlisa.

INKQUNTO NEZINTO EZINOMSEBENZI

Ukwabelana ngokubhala yindlela elungileyo yokubandakanya ukuziqhelanisa nokuziqeqesha okunomongo kwelitheresi kumsebenzi wezobunzululwazi eklasini yakho. Abantwana baya kuba nomdla ze bakulandele oko ukubhalayo noko bakufundayo kuba bebebandakanyeke ngokukuko kwinkqubo yokwenza isonka, kwaye nangenxa yokuba bebencedisile ekwakhiweni koko kubhaliweyo. Nokuba abafundi bakho basaqala ukufunda, oku ngamava anexabiso elikhulu, kwaye abantwana baya kufunda izifundo ezibalulekileyo ngokuphathelelene nokufunda, ukubhala kwakunye nezicatshulwa ezibhaliweyo.

Eminye imisebenzi yolwimi enokukhutshwa ngala mava

O Ukubhala imicu yezivakalisi emaphepheni ukuze abantwana bazibeke ngokokulandelelana kwazo, nto leyo ilandela uhlobo ebebenze ngalo oko bakwenzileyo. O Ukwenza incwadi malunga nendlela yokwenza isonka. O Ukufunda oko kubhalwe kwiipakethi zezithako esizisebenzise ekwenzeni isonka. O Ukuqokelela amabali kwakunye nemibongo malunga nesonka - (iilofu ezintlanu kunye neentlanzi ezintlanu zasebhayibhileni). O Ibali lesikhukukazi esincinane – ukugqala ngokwelitheresi- buza abafundi ukuba “xa ibiyihagu le ibibalisa (okanye esinye sezilwanyana), eli bali beliza kwahluka njani?” O Ukulanda umkhondo webali lesonka k Qala kwiqebengwana lesonka oya kuthi uze nalo eklasini ukuze abafundi babalise ibali lalo ukusuka kule meko likuyo bahlehle umva ukuya ekuqaleni. k Iqebengwana lisuka kwizilayi ezi-2 zezonka k Izilayi ezi-2 zezonka zisikwe kwilofu yesonka k Ivenkile ithenge ilofu yesonka kwivenkile ebhaka izonka. k Ilofu yesonka yabhakwa e-ontini. njl (inkqubo yobuchwepheshe yokuhlela nokwenziwa kwezinto ezinomsebenzi) O Khuthaza iklasi yakho ukuba izobe ze ibhale malunga neemeko ezahlukileyo apho izonka ezahlukileyo bezenziwe khona zaze zatyiwa khona.

Ukwandisa uphando Eminye imibuzo onokucinga ngayo kunye nabafundi

O Kwenzeka ntoni esonkeni – emva kwexesha elithile? – ukuba usifake ekhabhathini emnyama? – ukuba usishiye ze / ungasisongelanga? ukuba sithe samanziswa? O Kutheni ezinye iintlobo zesonka zingunda nje? Kukuthini ukungunda? Zeziphi ezinye izinto ezingundayo? O Singenza ntoni ngesonka? Singasigcada; isonka kunye nepudini yebhotolo ... 19

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ICANDELO 2 Ubomi neMpilo Ukuphanda ngezinambuzane Nokuba uziva njani na ngezinambuzane, siyathemba ukuba wena neklasi yakho niya kuphanda ngezi ntlobo zahlukileyo zezidalwa ezincinane ezifumaneka kwindawo enikuyo. Abantwana abancinane badla ngokuba nomdla kakhulu kwizidalwa ezincinane ezahlukileyo ezifumaneka endalweni kwaye izinambuzane zingumthombo omhle kakhulu notyebileyo wophando. Kuya kufuneka wenze isigqibo malunga nexesha lonyaka oya kukhetha ukuphanda ngalo ezi zidalwa. Thina ke siye sakhetha ukuphela kwehlobo nokuqala kokwindla, ngexesha lokwanda kwezidalwa ezincinane endalweni.

Kodwa eli ayilo xesha lokuphanda kuphela. Unokufumanisa ukuba ukuphela kwentwasahlobo nokuqala kwehlobo ikwalixesha elifanelekileyo.

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Zintoni izinambuzane? Sithetha ukuthini ‘ngezinambuzane’? Izinambuzane zizidalwa ezincinane, zikwabizwa ngokuba zirhorho ezincinci (mini-beasts). Ezi zinambuzane ziquka iintethe, iimpukane, oohlabamanzi, amabhungane, ooqongqothwane, iimbovane, izigcawu, iinkumba neenyekevu, imisundululu, amacilikishe, amalovane, oonqinishe, nayo nayiphi na into esisilwanyanana esincinane. Kodwa ke, ukuba siza kufunda ngezinambuzane kunye nabafundi abancinane, kukho izidalwa ezinokuba yingozi xa kuphandwa ngazo. Abantwana basenokuhlatywa okanye batyiwe zizo. Nakubeni nje sifuna ukukhuthaza abafundi bethu ukuba babe zimfunalwazi, asifuni ukuba babe sengozini. Kodwa oko asinakukusebenzisa njengesizathu sokuphepha lo mbandela wezobunzululwazi.

Ukwazisa ngophando Kukho iindlela ezahlukileyo onokwazisa ngazo olu phando. Ingayinto entle ukuba abafundi bakho bangalukhokela okanye ibe ngabo abahamba phambili kuphando olu. Ngamanye amagama, ukuba umntwana unesidalwa esincinane asifumeneyo, kufanele ukuba usisebenzise isidalwa eso. Isidalwa eso mayibe yindawo oza kuqala kuyo uphando, ukuze ke ulandelise ngokufunisela ngakumbi ngesidalwa eso kwakunye nezinye izidalwa jikelele.

Ukusebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 kwakunye nabeBanga 3 Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nephepha elikhulu kwakunye neekoki okanye iikhrayoni. Kufuneka ulungiselele uphando ngokubhala igama elithi, “izinambuzane” embindini wephepha, ze emva koko ukrwele imigca esuka apho embindini, uleyibhelishe, wenze into ebundlu yesigcawu / imaphu yeengcinga engqonge igama elo. Zama ukufumana imifanekiso okanye incwadi yemifanekiso engezinambuzane ukuze wabelane ngoku kunye nabafundi. Ungayixhoma imifanekiso leyo eludongeni lweklasi, okanye ubeke iincwadi kwitafile ekhethekileyo ukuze abafundi babe nokujonga kuyo ngokuthe cwaka xa sele bewugqibile umsebenzi. UBOMI NEMPILO

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Qala ngokuqokelela abafundi, bakungqonge. Ungasebenzisa ibali, umfanekiso, okanye isinambuzane esifunyenwe ngomnye wabantwana bakho, okanye izinambuzane ezahlukileyo ozikhethileyo othe wazifumana. Nokuba yeyiphi na indlela oyikhethayo yokuqalisa olu phando, xa usazisa isihloko, buza abafundi ukuba, O Sazi ntoni ngezinambuzane? O Zeziphi izinambuzane esizaziyo? Xa abantwana benika iimpendulo, bhala iimpendulo zabo kwimaphu yeengcinga obuyicwangcisile. Sebenzisa naluphi na ulwimi abafundi abakunika iimpedulo ngalo. Nokuba bayazixuba iilwimi kulungile. Ungasebenzisa eli thuba ukuphuhlisa nokwandisa ulwazi lwabafundi lolwimi lwabo lwenkobe okanye ulwimi olongezelelweyo.

Ukuqwalasela izinambuzane Okokuqala, kuwo onke amaBanga kuya kufuneka ukuba kubekho iipensile zokubhala namaphetshana okubhala ukwenzela ukuba abafundi bazobe oko bakubonayo. Xa kuthe kanti ufundisa abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3, unokukhetha ukuba wenze ntoni na. Usenokugxininisa kwisinambuzane esinye ngexesha, okanye ungacela iqela ngalinye ukuba liphande ngesidalwa esahlukileyo. Xa sele usithathile isigqibo sendlela oza kuluqala ngayo uphando, kuya kufuneka ukuba kuqokelelwe izinambuzane ezaneleyo ukuze iqela ngalinye libe nesinambuzane esisesalo eliza kukwazi ukusiqwalasela ngokulula. Ungazifumana ezinye iindidi zemizekelo yezinambuzane ngokwakho, okanye ungakhuphela ngaphandle abafundi ukuze babe nokuqokelela izinambuzane.

Xa usebenza nabafundi abancinane, kulungile ukuba ukhokele indlela abaqwalasela ngayo izinto.

iikritsi

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Xa usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1, sicebisa ukuba ugxininise kwisinambuzane esinye kwixesha ngalinye. Mhlawumbi kuza kufuneka ukuba uqokelele imizekelo yeso sidalwa ogqibe ukuba ugxininise kuso. Nokuba yintoni na othe wayifumana iya kuxhomekeka kwixesha lonyaka kwakunye nendawo isikolo sakho esikuyo. Naxa kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ukuba ufumane izidalwa ezoneleyo ukwenzela ukuba iqela ngalinye libe nakho ukuqwalasela izinambuzane ezimbalwa. Nokuba ufundisa liphi na iBanga, kwaye nokuba uziqokelele ngokwakho na izinambuzane okanye ziqokelelwe ngabafundi bakho, kuya kufuneka uzilungiselele ‘iihotele’ eziza kuhlala kuzo izinambuzane lo gama uphanda ngazo. Le nto idibana kakuhle kakhulu neTeknoloji kwaye unakho nokubandakanya abafundi ekwakhiweni kwezi ‘hotele’. Sifumanise ukuba iibhotile ezibukhulu buziilitha ezi-2 zeplastiki esele zisebenzile ezicocekileyo ziwufanele kakuhle kakhulu lo msebenzi. Ungasika ngobunono umphezulu, ze uphendulele okanye ugobe umphezulu ukuze izinambuzane sibe nakho ukuphefumla kodwa singakwazi ukuphuma ehotele phambi kokuba wena nabafundi niphande ngaso. Kananjalo ungasebenzisa iiplasitiki ezinomoya ngokwaneleyo zokufaka izinto kwizikhenkcezisi. Ungasigcina isinambuzane usuku ukuya kwezimbini phambi kokuba usikhulule sihambe.

Ukuqwalasela kunye nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3 Ukuba abafundi bakho ubaqokelelele ngokwakho izinambuzane, nikezela ngezimbalwa (zikwiihotele zazo) kwiqela ngalinye labafundi. Ukanti ukuba abafundi baziqokelelele izinambuzane zabo, banokuziqwalasela lo gama ziseziplastikini ezikhanyayo. Xelela abafundi ukuba baziqwalasele ngenyameko enkulu izinambuzane zabo. Baxelele ukuba ufuna bazobe oko bakubonayo. Kuya kufuneka ubanike ixesha elaneleyo lokwenza lo msebenzi abafundi ukuze babe nakho ukuzoba imifanekiso eqiqiweyo. Ukuzoba kufuna ukuba siqwalasele ngenyameko enkulu oko siza kukuzoba kwaye kunika ubungqina bendlela ubani ebeqwalasele ngenyameko ngayo loo nto ebeyiqwalasela, akukhathaliseki nokuba loo mntu ‘uzoba kakuhle kangakanani na’. Kananjalo ungacela abafundi ukuba baleyibhelishe imizobo yabo.

Ukuqwalasela kunye nabafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1 Xa usebenza nabafundi abancinane, kulungile ukuba ukhokele indlela abaqwalasela ngayo izinto. Okokuqala, kufuneka ubeke izinambuzane ezimbalwa kwitafile yeqela ngalinye ukuze abafundi babe nakho ukuqwalasela ezo zinambuzane. Emva koko ke abafundi kufuneka bakungqonge, ze ubaxelele ukuba ufuna baqwalasele ngenyameko enkulu izidalwa ezo uzibeke ezitafileni zabo. Bayalele abafundi ukuba baphindele kumaqela abo ze ubacele ukuba baqwalasele izinambuzane zabo, emva koko ke uya kuphinda ubabizele kuwe ukuze bakuxelele ngoko bakubonileyo. Hamba-hamba apha phakathi kwamaqela, uzama ukubonisa abafundi iimpawu ezahlukileyo zezinambuzane obakhuphele zona. Usakuba uqinisekisile ukuba abafundi bafumene ithuba elaneleyo lokuqwalasela izinambuzane, phinda ubasondeze kuwe. Buza iklasi iyonke ukuba ibone ntoni na, iyintoni na abayiqapheleyo ngezidalwa. Siqinisekile ukuba uya kufumanisa ukuba abantwana abancinane banomqwalasela omkhulu. Kodwa ke, mhlawumbi uza kufuna ukubakhombisa kwaye ugxininise umba othile. UBOMI NEMPILO

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Yile nto kanye eyenziwa nguCheryl Johannes wesikolo samabanga aphantsi, iNorthwood Primary School, ngethuba ephanda ngeentethe kunye nabafundi bakhe beBanga 1. UCheryl waye waxoxa ngeentethe nabafundi bakhe, waze wabathumela ezitafileni zabo ukuze baqwalasele iinkcukacha ezithile. Abafundi bathe bakufumana ithuba lokuphinda baqwalasele iintethe kwakhona, babuya nezinye izinto ezongezelelekileyo abazibonileyo nabathe banika ingxelo ngazo. Bhala oko abafundi bakuxelela kona kwimaphu yeengcinga nanjengoko uSarah Genever wenzayo nabafundi bakhe beBanga 1 eDietrich Moravian. Emva koko ke yalela abafundi bakho ukuba babuyele ezitafileni zabo, ze ubanike ixesha lokuzoba ngocoselelo oko bakubonileyo. Le nto asiyonto ‘nje elula’. Ukuzoba kungumsebenzi obalulekileyo nako, ngakumbi xa kwenziwa ngenkathalo nokuqiqa. Uya kumangaliswa yindlela abanye abantwana abawucoselela ngayo lo msebenzi. Xhoma eminye yemifanekiso yabantwana kudonga lweklasi yakho, okanye uncamathisele eminye yemifanekiso kwincwadi engezinambuzane.

Inyekevu

iphela

imbovane Ibhabhathane

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Ukuqokelela izinambuzane Ukuba uceba ukuvumela abafundi bakho ukuba baziqokelelele izinambuzane, kufuneka ubanike imiyalelo ecacileyo nengqingqwa phambi kokuba baye kukhangela izinambuzane. Kananjalo, usenokuxoxa ngezinto abafundi abasenokuzifumana xa beqokelela izinambuzane. Kufuneka ubakhumbuzile abantwana ukuba ezinye izinambuzane ziyaluma kwaye zinobungozi. Baxelele ukuba maze bangakuzami ukubamba iinyosi kunye noonomeva okanye izigcawu. Xa becinga ukuba isinambuzane esithile singanobungozi, bakhuthaze ukuba bacele uncedo kuwe. Khumbuza abafundi ukuba kufuneka balumke xa beqokelela iimbovane. Kananjalo, bakhumbuze ukuba ezinye zezigcawu zinobungozi kwaye bubulumko ukuba baziyeke izigcawu. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nento abantwana abaza kuqokelelela kuyo izinambuzane zabo. Sifumanise ukuba iiplastiki ezincinane ezikhanyayo zokukhenkcisa zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu.

Uqwalaselo olwandisiweyo Uya kufumana imizekelo kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 74 kwakunye nephepha 75.

Emva kolu phononongo lokuqala, siya kukhuthaza ukuba uziphande banzi izinambuzane. Qala ngokwenza enye ingxoxo kunye nabafundi bakho. Sicebisa ukuba uyilungiselele le ngxoxo ngokwenza iTshati ye-L-F-F (Loluphi uLwazi esele sinalo? Yintoni esiFuna ukuyazi? Yintoni esiyiFundileyo?), okanye iTshati ye-L-F-CN-F (Loluphi uLwazi esele sinalo? Yintoni esiFuna ukuyazi?Yintoni esiyiCingayo? Singayifumanisa Njani le nto? Yintoni esiyiFundileyo?). Le yindlela elungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba uphando okhokelela kulo abafundi lujolise kulwazi kwakunye nemidla yabo. Ekugqibeleni kophando ungabuza abafundi bakho ukuba bafumanise ntoni na, kwaye ungababuza nokuba yintoni na abacinga ukuba bayifundile. Ngako oko le yindlela yokubhala phantsi isicwangciso somsebenzi kwakunye nohlobo lomsebenzi lowo kujoliswe kuwo. Yalela abafundi beklasi yakho ukuba bakungqonge. Bazise abafundi bakho ngeTshati ye-L-F-C-N-F, ukuba zange uyisebenzise ngaphambili. Babuze ukuba bazi ntoni na ngesinambuzane esithile.

iTshati ye-L-F-C-N-F Ukucwangcisa nokuphanda nabafundi besiGaba esisiSeko Loluphi ULWAZI esele sinalo?

UBOMI NEMPILO

Yintoni ESIFUNA ukuyazi?

Yintoni ESIYICINGAYO?

Singayifumanisa NJANI le nto?

Yintoni ESIYIFUNDILEYO?

Bhala oko bakuxelela kona phantsi koludwe olunesihloko esithi, ‘Loluphi uLwazi esele sinalo?’ Uya kumangaliswa ziinkcukacha abaya kukunika zona abafundi kwakunye nabafundi abaya kukunika ezo nkcukacha. Emva koko ke buza abafundi bakho ukuba, ‘Yintoni esiFuna ukuyazi?’ Phinda ubhale phantsi yonke imibuzo abanayo abafundi okanye konke abafuna ukukufumanisa. Emva koko ke buza abafundi ukuba, ‘NiCinga ukuba singakufumanisa Njani oko sikufunayo?’ 25

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Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, mhlawumbi ungabacela abafundi ukuba basebenze ngokwamaqela, ukuze baqale ngokucwangcisa nokuceba oko bafuna ukukwenza. Babuze nendlela abanokufumana ngayo iimpendulo zemibuzo yabo. Ukanti, ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R nabeBanga 1, mhlawumbi ungakuxoxa oku neklasi xa iyonke, ze ubhale iingcinga neempendulo zabo kuxwebhu lwephepha olusebhodini.

Ezinye isidalwa ziyalala ngeenyanga zonyaka ezibandayo. Zithi zizimele kwaye imizimba yazo ingenzi nto ngeli thuba.

Eminye imibuzo enokubuzwa kuphando O O O O O O

Ingaba zenzani ezi zidalwa? Ucinga ukuba zitya ntoni? Ingaba zisela ntoni? Zizimela nini okanye ziphumla nini? Ingaba zizimela phi okanye ziphumla phi? Ingaba ziyaguquka ngokwemo zibe yenye into? Ingaba ziguquka njani?

Sifunde ntoni? Emva kokuba abafundi bakho benze uphando lwabo, cwangcisa ixesha lokuba kuxoxwe ngento abayifundileyo. Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, nika iqela ngalinye ithuba lokunika ingxelo yophando lwabo, into abaceba ukuyenza, into abathe bayenza xa bebephanda, oko bathe bakufumanisa, kwakunye noko bacinga ukuba bakufundile. Ukanti ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R kwakunye nabeBanga 1, baqokelelele ecaleni kwakho abafundi ukuze bakungqonge ze ubacele ukuba bacinge ngoko bagqiba kukwenza. Babuze ukuba, O Yintoni esiyenze kuqala? O Yintoni esilandelise ngayo? O Ze ke emva koko senza ntoni? O Leyo into ilandelwe yintoni? O Kuye kwenzeka ntoni ke? O Yintoni esiyifumanisileyo? Ngolu hlobo ke uya kube ukhuthaza abafundi bakho ukuba bacamngce ngala mava obunzululwazi, kwaye uyabakhuthaza ukuba bafunde belandelelanisa oko bakwenzileyo ngokolandelelwano olululo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwikhondo lakho xa ubhala kwezenzululwazi xa sele usesikolweni.

Ukwandisa uphando Yeyiphi imibuzo esingathanda ukuyibuza izinambuzane zethu? Lo gama izinambuzane ziseklasini yakho, mhlawumbi ungathanda ukubamba iingxoxo ezongezelelekileyo nabafundi bakho ngezinambuzane ezo. Mhlawumbi ungabuza abafundi ukuba mibuzo mini abanokuthanda ukuyibuza ezinye zezinambuzane. Uya kuthi ke ubhale imibuzo yabafundi bakho leyo. Le mibuzo ingasisiqalo sophando olongezelelekileyo, okanye imfunalwazi. Mhlawumbi ungamema uMququzeleli wezobuNzululwazi kwisikolo sakho ukuze azokuthetha nabantwana ze aphendule imibuzo yabo. Okanye ungamema utitshala wezenzululwazi wesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ukuze azokuthetha nabafundi bakho.

IiJenali zezeNzululwazi Nokuba usebenza nabafundi abancinci kakhulu, kufanele uzame ukucela abafundi bakho ukuba bagcine iiJenali zezeNzululwazi. Le yinto ayenzayo uKaren Gallas, oyititshala yabafundi beBanga 1 eMelika. Ekuqaleni konyaka ngamnye uthi anike 26

Nokuba usebenza nabafundi abancinci kakhulu, kufanele uzame ukucela abafundi bakho ukuba bagcine iijenali zezeNzululwazi.

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umfundi ngamnye wakhe weBanga 1 iJenali yezeNzululwazi. Abantwana abafundisayo bakuqhelile ukuba neejenali kwakwiBanga R. Bayazi ukuba ijenali ibanika indawo yokuzoba kwaye kulapho iingcinga kwanemibuzo ebalulekileyo banokuyibhala khona. “Kubantwana abaninzi inkqubo yokubhala kwijenali ibanika iqonga lokubuza imibuzo ze bazame ukuphendula loo mibuzo.” (NguGalas, 1994:80)

Ukwenza iincwadana ezincinane zengcaciso Emva kokuphanda ngezinambuzane, mhlawumbi ungathanda ukucela abafundi bakho ukuba benze incwadana encinane yengcaciso ngesinambuzane ngasinye abaphande ngaso. Iphepha ngalinye linganomzobo kwakunye nesivakalisi esisezantsi kwawo. Oku kwenziwa nguCheryl Johannes xa wayesebenza nabafundi bakhe beBanga 1 eNorthwood. Nakubeni nje abantwana abaninzi bengekakwazi ukufunda nokubhala okwangoku, banganakho ukubhala (ngokuzoba) amava kwaneengcinga zabo kwiijenali ngakumbi kweyobunzululwazi. UKaren Gallas ucacisa indlela abathi nabo bantwana basabhidekayo kokuqukwa zezobunzululwazi, abathi baqonde ngayo oko kwenziwayo kwezobunzululwazi ngokuzoba nokubhala kwiijenali zabo. Ngezantsi apha uya kubona eminye yemizekelo yomsebenzi wabafundi besiGaba sesiSeko esuka kwincwadi ebhalwe ngu-Ellen Doris eyaziwa ngokuba, yiDoing What Scientists Do: Children Learn to Investigate Their World. Kulo mzekelo, uya kuqaphela ukuba uJinja ubhale phantsi oko akubonileyo kwakunye neengcinga zakhe malunga nesitswele asityalileyo. Iijenali zinendima enkulu kakhulu nebalulekileyo eziyidlalayo ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda komntwana ngenzululwazi. Uya kufumana amaXwebhu amaPhepha okuPhonononga nonokuthi uwakopele abafundi bakho ukuze babhale (bazobe ze babhale) ngoko bakubonileyo nabaphande ngako, kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 65-73.

Inyekevu” esuka eNorthwood

UBOMI NEMPILO

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iStock Photos

Ukuphanda ngezityalo

Amalungiselelo Phambi kokuba uqalise uphando lwezityalo kunye nabafundi bakho, zama ukuchitha ixesha ekupheleni kosuku lwesikolo uhlola amabala esikolo. Ngamanye amaxesha siye sicinge ukuba azikho izityalo kwindawo ethile kokusingqongileyo. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwa kukuba sicinga ukuba izityalo ezo sizibonayo azinamsebenzi okanye azizihlanga. Kodwa siyakuqinisekisa ukuba uya kuba nakho ukufumana imbinana yezityalo ukuba uvule amehlo ngokwaneleyo. Ixesha lonyaka liya kuba nempembelelo koko ukufumanayo kumabala esikolo. Yingcingane elungileyo ukufumana ezinye iincwadi zezityalo zaseMzantsi Afrika ukuze uzibekelele kakuhle eklasini yakho. Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana iincwadi ezinjalo kwisikolo sakho, tyelela ithala leencwadi lasekuhlaleni. Buza igosa lethala leencwadi labantwana, ze ulicacisele ngokuba ufuna ukuphanda ngezityalo nabantwana bakho. Amanye amagosa kumathala eencwadi zabantwana aluncedo olukhulu, kwaye mhlawumbi angakunceda ukuba ufumane iincwadi ezifanelekileyo. Ungade ngelinye ixesha ufumane neencwadi ezinamabali enziwe ngemifanekiso. 28

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Zeziphi izityalo esizaziyo? Qala ngokwenza uluhlu lwazo zonke izityalo abafundi bakho abanokucinga ngazo. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube noxwebhu lwetshati kwakunye neekoki okanye iikhrayoni. Cela abafundi bakho ukuba bacimele okomzuzwana ze bacinge ngazo zonke izityalo abathe bazibona ngolo suku. Banike imizuzwana embalwa ukuba bathethe kunye noogxa babo ze babelane ngoko bakwaziyo. Emva koko ke cela abafundi bakho ukuba bakuxelele ngazo zonke izityalo abazaziyo kwakunye nezo banokuthi bacinge ngazo. Xa abantwana bekuxelela ngoko bakwaziyo, bhala iimpendulo zabo ngokoluhlu kuxwebhu lwetshati. Ukuba usondeze abafundi ecaleni kwakho, wonke umntu uya kuba nakho ukubona kakuhle yonke into oyibhalayo.

Xa sele unoluhlu olude, luphonononge uluhlu olo kunye nabafundi bakho ze ubacele ukuba bakuxelele ukuba zeziphi izityalo eziyimithi. Ziphawule ezo zityalo ziseluhlwini ngombala owahlukileyo wekoki okanye ikhrayoni. Ingaba kukho eminye imithi abafundi bakho abayaziyo okanye abanokucinga ngayo? Yongeza amagama aloo mithi kuluhlu lwakho.

Yintoni esinokuyifumana kumabala esikolo? Hlela abafundi bakho ngokwezibini ze ubakhuphe ukuze kuphandwe ngokukhula kumabala esikolo. Musa ukuchitha ixesha elide kakhulu ngaphandle. Eyona nto uyifuna kakhulu kukuba abafundi bathi jezu nje oko kungaphandle. Ufuna ukuba uqhubekeke nokwakha ukuqonda kwabo izityalo kokubangqongileyo. Usakuba uphindele eklasini, ungongeza amagama ezinye izityalo kuluhlu olwenze kunye neklasi yakho. Ukuba uthathe omnye umbala wekhrayoni okanye ikoki, uya kuba nengxelo yamanqanaba amathathu omsebenzi wokuqala. Oku kuya kukunika ingxelo yohlolo oluqhubekekayo.

Ufuna ukuba babhale phantsi malunga noko bakwaziyo ngezityalo, kwakunye noko bafuna ukukwazi. UBOMI NEMPILO

Sazi ntoni malunga nezityalo? Sifuna ukwazi ntoni? Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3 Nika iqela ngalinye uxwebhu lwephepha olubukhulu bungu-A4 oluneTshati ye-L-F-F (khangela kwiphepha 74). Cela abafundi bakho ukuba bachaze ukuba, Yintoni abayaziyo malunga nezityalo, kwakunye nokuba, Yintoni abafuna ukuyazi malunga nezityalo. Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba ufuna ukuba iqela ngalinye lizalise itshati obanike yona. Ufuna ukuba babhale phantsi malunga noko bakwaziyo ngezityalo, kwakunye noko bafuna ukukwazi. 29

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Basakuba abafundi bezalise izintlu ezimbini zetshati, ungaxelela iqela ngalinye ukuba babelane ngoko bakubhalileyo, okanye uxhome itshati yeqela ngalinye kudonga lweklasi. Le yinto abafundi beBanga 2 kwakunye nabeBanga 3 abanakho ukuyenza, bezenzela nje. Xelela abafundi ukuba akukho mfuneko yakuzihlupha ngopelo kwakunye nokubhala kakuhle. Into oyifunayo kukuba babeke izimvo ephepheni. Kambe ukuba basebenza ngokwamaqela, bafanele ukwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi nje kakuhle.

Ukucwangcisa nokuphanda nabafundi besiGaba esisiSeko

Loluphi ULWAZI esele sinalo?

Yintoni ESIFUNA ukuyazi?

Yintoni ESIYICING AYO?

Singayifuman isa NJANI le nto?

Yintoni ESIYIFUNDILE YO?

Abafundi beBanga R kwakunye nabeBanga 1 Ukuba ufundisa abafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1, yenza eli candelo kumsebenzi wakho. Qokelela abafundi ubayalele ukuba bakungqonge ze uxhome itshati ye-L-F-F enkulu ekuxwebhu lwephepha. Cela abafundi bakho ukuba bakuxelele ngayo yonke into abayaziyo ngezityalo. Uya kumangaliswa lulwazi abanalo abafundi abaninzi. Abantwana abakhe bahlala emaphandleni nasezilalini baqhele ukuba babe nobutyebi obungumangaliso bolwazi lwezityalo nezilwanyana. Bhala iinkcukacha abakunika zona abafundi phantsi koluhlu oluthi, Yintoni esiyaziyo ngeziTyalo. Emva koko ke cela abafundi ukuba bakuxelele ngezinto abanokuthanda ukuzazi ngezityalo. Phinda, ubhale imibuzo yabafundi etshatini, phantsi koluhlu oluthi, Yintoni esiFuna ukuyazi ngeziTyalo. Emva koko ke xhoma itshati edongeni ukuze abantwana babe nakho ukulujonga xa besenza uphando ngezityalo.

Ukuphononongwa nzulu kwesityalo Zininzi izinto onokukhetha ukuzenza kulo msebenzi wokuphonononga. Unakho ukuza nemizekelo yezityalo eklasini yakho ukuze iqela ngalinye libe nezityalo ezimbalwa eliza kuzijonga. Okanye, usenokucela abafundi ukuba bazame ukuza nesityalo, okanye imveliso yesityalo eklasini. Oku kungaquka iziqhamo, imifuno, iintyatyambo okanye into eyenziwe ngesityalo. Banike abafundi bakho ithuba lokucinga ukuba yintoni na abanokuza nayo. Uya kumangaliswa bubuninzi nokwahluka kwezinto abafundi bakho abaya kuza nazo, kwaye oku kuya kukukrobisa kubutyebi bolwazi esele benalo. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube noxwebhu lwephepha olungenanto lomntwana ngamnye kwakunye nezinto zokubhala. Zama ukucenga inqununu yesikolo sakho ukuba ithenge izinto zokubhala ezisemgangathweni ngakumbi ezokuzoba. Ukuzoba yindlela entle yokwenza ukuba abantwana babe nokuqwalasela izinto ngenyameko. Ke ngoko kulula ukuzoba ngeepensile ezibhala kancinci (ezinjenge-B, 2B,3B, njl) kunokuzoba ngeepensile ezigxininisayo (ezinjenge-H, 2H, 3H, njl) Gcina ezi pensile zibhala kancinane kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Nanini na ke xa ufuna abafundi ukuba baqwalasele into ethile ze bazobe, ungabanika izinto zokubhala ezilungileyo. Khuthaza abafundi bakho ukuba bayizobe loo nto bayenzayo. Le asinto yakugxajagxajiswa. Ukuzoba ngenyameko kuthatha ixesha. Nika abafundi bakho ixesha elaneleyo lokujonga ngocoselelo ezityalweni ukuze bazobe oko bakubonayo. Kananjalo basenokongeza nangayiphi na ingcaciso abanokuba bayayazi okanye imibuzo abasenokuba banayo ngesityalo eso. 30

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Basakuyigqiba imifanekiso yabo abafundi beklasi yakho, yixhome eludongeni. Nika abafundi bakho ithuba lokuba bajonge imisebenzi yoogxa babo. Into esiyifumanisileyo yeyokuba abantwana bafunda ukuyihlonipha imisebenzi yabanye xa benikwe iwonga lokwenza njalo kunye nembeko. Xa abafundi bejonga umsebenzi woogxa babo, bafunda izifundo ezibalulekileyo malunga nendlela eyahlukileyo yokwenza umsebenzi othile. Sicinga ngokwahlukileyo. Kanjalo imifanekiso iyakubonisa oku. Lo msebenzi uhlanganisa ubuGcisa neNkcubeko kunye nezeNzululwazi yezeNdalo. Kananjalo uya kuba nobungqina obuxabisekileyo nobulungileyo boko kunokwenziwa ngabafundi bakho.

Ukuphonononga amabala esikolo Phambi kokuba uthathe abafundi bakho ubase kuphononongo lwamabala esikolo, baxelele ukuba ufuna bajonge izityalo ngocoselelo nangenyameko. Baxelele ukuba ufuna bajonge izityalo ngocoselelo nangenyameko ukuze bafumane ubungqina bendlela izityalo ezenza ngayo ezinye izityalo. Yahlula-hlula abantwana bakho ngokwamaqela ze wabele iqela ngalinye ummandla othile wesikolo. Emva koko ke bakhuphele ngaphandle abantwana. Lo gama abafundi baphonononga izityalo, hamba-hamba apha phakathi kwamaqela. Mamela izinto abazixelela abanye malunga nezinto abaziqaphelayo. Nisakubuyela eklasini, kufuneka ubambe ingxoxo nabafundi bakho ukuze nabelane ngoko nikufumanisileyo. Buza abafundi ukuba, O Yintoni eniyifumanisileyo? O Niyawazi amagama ahlukileyo ezi zityalo? O Ingaba kukho izityalo ezinamagqabi atyiweyo? O Ingaba loo magqabi atyiwe ngubani? O Ingaba siyazi ukuba injani loo nto? O Ngubani obone iintyatyambo okanye iziqhamo, okanye imbewu? Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba bakhethe isityalo sibe sinye abaza kujolisa kuso. Abafundi beBanga 1 kwakunye nabeBanga 2 bangathatha imilinganiselo yobude nobubanzi bamagqabi. UBOMI NEMPILO

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Ingaba izityalo zizenza njani izityalo ezininzi? Enye yeendlela zokufumanisa ukuba izityalo zizenza njani ezinye izityalo kukucela abafundi bakho ukuba baqwalasele iziqhamo ezahlukileyo. Kufuneka uqokelele ilamuni, i-orenji okanye i-apile, idiliya kwakunye netumata. Amagaqana oosenza kwakunye nethanga anganomsebenzi omhle. Mhlawumbi ungathanda ukubandakanya neebhanana kwakunye namaqunube kuba ziziqhamo ezinomdla kakhulu ezo. (Imbewu yamaqunube ayibandakanywa njengesiqhamo!) Nika iqela ngalinye isiqhamo esinye ze usisike sibe ngamacala amabini. Cela abafundi ukuba baqwalasele imbewu okanye iinkozo ezingaphakathi. Emva koko ke buza abafundi ukuba, “Ingaba zonke izityalo zikhula kwezo nkozo ngalo lonke ixesha kusini na?” Uya kumangaliswa bubutyebi bolwazi abanalo abafundi. Abantwana abanamava okuhlala emaphandleni mhlawumbi banganento eninzi abayaziyo. O Ingaba esi sityalo sisuka phi? O Ingaba kwenzeka ntoni phambi koku? O Khona, ingaba kwenzeka ntoni phambi koko? O Phambi koko? O Ze kuthini ? O Ngoko ke yayinjani loo nto ekuqaleni? Ngolo hlobo ke ungenza abafundi bakho ukuba bazobe izigaba ezahlukileyo zesityalo esithile ze uzilandelelanise ngokohlobo ezifanele ukulandelelana ngalo, ukusuka kwindlela isityalo esaqala ngayo ukuza kuthi ga apho isityalo eso senza isityalo esitsha, okanye isityalo eso sife.

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Yintoni esiyifundileyo? Emva kophando chitha ixeshana nabafundi nicamngca ngoko abantwana bacinga ukuba bakufundile. Xoxani ngoko bakwenzileyo noko bakufumanisileyo. Nika ingxelo ngoko abafundi bakuxelele kona kwitshati ye-L-F-F yeklasi. Oku kuya kukunika ubungqina bento eyenziwe nguwe buqu kwakunye nabafundi bakho, ze kusebenze njengento eya kubakhumbuza.

Ezinye zezinto ekunokucingwa ngazo Yintoni ebangela ukuba amanzi abe luhlaza? Galela amanzi ejagini engenasiciko ze uwabeke ngasefesitileni. Wayeke loo manzi ukuze ade abe luhlaza. Emva koko ke uya kubuza abafundi ukuba, Yintoni eqhubekayo? Yintoni ebangele ukuba amanzi abe luhlaza? Singasifumanisa njani isizathu soko? Oko ke kuya kuzala izinto ezinomdla ekunokwenziwa uphando ngazo. Umzekelo, O Ungayihluza le nwebu iluhlaza ngephetshana elithambileyo? O Ingaba kuya kushiyeka ntoni xa amanzi lawo etshe onke angumphunga? O Ingaba ukuwabilisa amanzi lawo kungayibulala le nto iluhlaza? (Ingaba le nto iluhlaza iya kufa ze iye kuhlala ezantsi?) ukuba uyibulele, loo nto ithetha ukuba ibiphila!!

Ukukhulisa izinto Ezinye izityalo zikhula kumalungu esityalo. Umzekelo, isityalo sentyantyambo ethile yase-Afrika singakhula egqabini. Nqumla okanye usike igqabi esiqwini sesityalo. Faka igqabi ngentonga leyo kumhlatyana osengqayini yesityalo ze ugalele amanzi. Gcina igqabi elo kwindawo efudumeleyo nemnyama eklasini. Gcina umhlaba lowo ufumile. Igqabi elo liya kuhluma iingcambu eziya kungena emhlabeni. Isityalo setapile sikhula kwitapile ubuqu. Ukuba uthatha umntla womnqatha ze uwubeke esosini enamanzi, uya kuntshula ze isityalo somnqatha siqalise ukuhluma. Izityalo ezininzi zemveli ezinjengesityalo esinamagqabi anencindi njengonomaweni (isityalo esinamagqabi atyebileyo, nathi adumbe ngamanzi) sikhula njengehlumelo sikwisityalo esingumzali. Amanye amakhala akhula ngale ndlela.

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Izityalwanyana eziziinceke Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1, cela iqela labafundi ukuba bakhethe isityalo esikumabala esikolo ze basinonophele eso sityalo unyaka wonke. Xelela iqela ngalinye ukuba ligcine iintsuku namaxesha okunkcenkceshela nokuhlakulela okanye ukukhathalela eso sityalo. Abafundi bakho banokuzalisa itshati yenyanga (njengekhalenda) ze bazobe oko bakwenzileyo ngeentsuku ezifanelekileyo.

Qinisekisa ukuba abantwana basijonge ngomonde nangocoselelo isityalo eso kwaye baqaphela neenguqulelo ezenzekayo. Iingxoxo ezithe gqolo kunyaka jikelele ziya kubakhuthaza ukuba bahlale benomdla kwaye bekhumbula ukukhathalela isityalo sabo. Ekupheleni konyaka, unganceda iqela ngalinye ekuhlanganiseni imizobo yabo eyenziwe kumathuba ngamathuba enyakeni ukuze benze incwadi ngesityalo. Qinisekisa ukuba ubandakanya imizobo ebonakalisa izinto ezibalulekileyo ezenzekileyo okanye izinto abafundi abazibonileyo.

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Ukuhlikihla amagqabi Kuya kufuneka ube nephepha elingqindilili kwakunye neekhrayoni ezityebileyo (ezinombala oqaqambileyo oluhlaza, omdaka, otyheli, obomvu). Emva koko ke cela abafundi bakho ukuba bakuncedise ekuqokeleleni amagqabi awohlukileyo (kungcono kukhethwe kakhulu loo magqabi awe phantsi ezityalo) ukuze kwenziwe lo msetyenzana. Thathani loo magqabi niye nawo eklasini. Abantwana kufuneka babeke iphepha phezu kwegqabi, ze bahlikihle ngekhrayoni leyo ngaphezulu loo gama lona igqabi lingaphantsi. Umphandle nesakhiwo segqabi kufanele ubonakale. Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba basebenzise imiphezulu kwakunye nemiphantsi yamagqabi xa bekhuhlela imifanekiso yezakhiwo nemiphandle yamagqabi. Yintoni abayiqapheleyo? Yintoni abayifumanisileyo? Oku kufanele ukuba kuvuselele imibuzo enomdla kwakunye namagqabantshintshi ze kwakhe ulwazi lwendalo lokufuna amagama amacandelo nemigca nemithambo eyahlukileyo yezakhiwo zezityalo. Ngokuqinisekileyo oku kuya kukhokelela ekuhleleni nasekubekeleleni okucela umngeni.

Incwadi yethu yokuqala ngqa yezityalo Ekupheleni konyaka buza abafundi ukuba, O Yitoni esiyifundileyo? O Singayenza ngantoni incwadi yethu? O Singaquka ntoni kuloo ncwadi? O Yintoni emasingayifaki kuloo ncwadi? O Singakwenza njani oko? Iqela ngalinye labantwana abathathu lingacinga ngento ethile ze lizobe umfanekiso waso nasiphi na isityalo elisikhethileyo. Bencedwa ngutitshala wabo banokuhlanganisa onke amasolotya omsebenzi wabo ngohlobo olufanelekileyo. Ze ke emva koko bancede utitshala wabo kuncanyathiselwe inxalenye yomsebenzi emaphepheni encwadi.

UBOMI NEMPILO

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ICANDELO 3 I-Eneji neNguquko Zingaphi iindlela onokwenza ngazo ukuba ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite?

Kungenjalo, ungenza into eyenziwe ngootitshala besiGaba sesiSeko eNorthwood.

iStock Photos

Kukho iindlela eziliqela nezahlukileyo zokwazisa ngolu phando. Mhlawumbi ungawuvula ngengxoxo engobusuku nemini, naxa abantu befuna ukusebenzisa into enjengetotshi. Kungenjalo, ungabalisa ibali.

Intshayelelo Ngexesha lokudlala (lokutya) kusuku lophando, ootitshala bagquma iifesitile zegumbi lokufundela ngephepha elimnyama. Bathe, kananjalo beza neentlobo ngeentlobo zezibane esikolweni. Ootitshala baqala ke ngoko ukungenisa abantwana eklasini. Eklasini kwakumnyama ngolona hlobo. Wawungenakubona nesandla esi siphambi kobuso bakho! Bababuza abantwana ukuba yintoni na abayibonayo. Emva koko ke bababuza abantwana ukuba yintoni na abacinga ukuba inokubanceda ukuze babone. Abantwana beza neempendulo ezininzi ezahlukileyo, baza ke ootitshala bakhanyisa izibane kancinane, belayita isibane sibe sinye okanye zibe zibini ngexesha. Kudonga olungasemva, phakathi eklasini, ootitshala babexhome iinkwenkwezi kwiphepha elimnyama. Lo yayingumbono omhle ngolona hlobo!!

Naxa kunjalo, kumnandi ukukhe ngezinye iintsuku kuchithwe ixeshanyana kucwangciswa Ootitshala babahlalisa phantsi emethini abantwana baze bavula ingxoxo kwaye emalunga nezinto ezinokusinceda zisikhanyisele ebumnyameni xa kungekho kusenziwa zibane zakukhanyisa. Ekugqibeleni kubekho umntu oye wacebisa ukuba namalungisele singasebenzisa itotshi. lo okwenziwa Ngokwenene, le ibiyindlela enomdla ngokwenene yokwazisa olu phando, kwaye kwento sizive sinelunda kwaye sixhamla nelungelo elilodwa ngokuba sibekho, ukuza kuxhamla kula mava. Ngelishwa ke, ootitshala abakwazi ukwenza into efana nale ekhethekileyo yonke imihla. Naxa kunjalo, kumnandi ukukhe ngezinye iintsuku kuchithwe neyahlukileyo. ixeshanyana kucwangciswa kwaye kusenziwa namalungiselelo okwenziwa kwento ekhethekileyo neyahlukileyo. Iklasi yakho iya kuyithanda kakhulu le nto. 36

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Ukuphonononga iitotshi Izinto oza kuzifuna Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube netotshi ukuze kwenzeke le ngxoxo. Kananjalo sicebisa ukuba ube noxwebhu lwephepha oluyitshati yokubhala enomfanekiso olula wetotshi ozotywe embindini wephepha. Wuzobele lo mfanekiso imigcana engathi ziintambo zesigcawu okanye imaphu yeengcinga.

Ukuphonononga Buza abafundi bakho ngendlela abacinga ukuba itotshi isebenza ngayo. Ngawaphi amalungu etotshi? Yintoni eyenza ukuba ibhalbhu ilayite? Bhala iingcingane zabafundi kwimaphu yeengcinga. Sicinga ukuba uya kubafumanisa abantwana benolwazana ngokungaphakathi etotshini, nokuba abaqinisekanga ukuba itotshi leyo isebenza njani na. Njengoko iqhuba nje ingxoxo vula itotshi leyo, uyiqhaqhe ukwenzela ukuba abafundi bawubone umphakathi kwakunye namalahle ayo (ezi zinto ziqhele ukubizwa njengeebhetri) kunye nebhalbhu encinane engaphakathi. Buza abafundi bakho ukuba, Ingaba ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayita njani?

Ukufumanisa indlela elayita ngayo ibhalbhu yetotshi Izinto oza kuzifuna Iqela ngalinye liya kufuna, O ilahle(ibhetri) yetotshi engu-1,5v O ibhalbhu yetotshi O oogesi ababini abagqunywe ngeplastiki, ababude bungama-20 cm emnye Ungacela uMququzeleli wezobuNzululwazi esikolweni sakho ukuba athenge ezi zixhobo kwabakwaRutland Industries. Idilesi yalo mzi-mveliso ifumaneka kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 82. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iibhalbhu kunye namalahle ziyasebenza phambi kokuba uqalise uphando. • Qala ngokunika iqela ngalinye ugesi omnye • Uya kuthi ke kamva unike iqela ngalinye ugesi wesibini

Kuya kufuneka kananjalo ukuba unike iqela ngalinye, O uxwebhu lwephepha lokubhala O izimo zamalahle etotshi ezimibalabala ezi-5 O izimo zebhalbhu yetotshi ezi-5 O iPrestiki encinane kwakunye, O neepensile Abafundi bakho baya kuzisebenzisa ezi zinto ukuze banike ingxelo yoko bakufumanisileyo. Uya kufumana iphepha lezimo zamalahle etotshi, onokuthi ulikope ze ulisike, kwiphepha 76 elikwisiHlomelo. (Ezi zimo sizikope, sizisusela kumakhadi azuba.) Kananjalo uya kufumana iphepha lezimo zebhalbhu yetotshi elikwiphepha 77 elikwisiHlomelo, noya kuthi ulikope ze ulisike. (Ezi zimo zebhalbhu sizikope sizisusela kwikhadi elityheli.)

I-ENEJI NENGUQUKO

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Ukuphanda Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba uza kunika iqela ngalinye labafundi ilahle letotshi elingu-1,5v, ibhalbhu yetotshi kwakunye nogesi omde. Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba ufuna baphande indlela abanokwenza ngayo ibhalbhu yetotshi ukuba ilayite. Jikeleza apha phakathi kwamaqela abafundi uzame ukubona ukuba baqhuba njani na abafundi abo. Into esithe sayifumanisa kukuba abafundi baziimfunalwazi kwaye banomonde nozingiso. Sibakhuthazile xa bebezama iindlela ezahlukileyo zokuphanda. Ekusebenzeni kwabo ngomdla nokungatyhafi, siye saqaphela indlela entle abasebenzisana ngayo ekubambeni nasekuqiniseni oogesi, iibhetri, kunye neebhalbhu. Wonke umntu wayefuna ukuncedisa.

Ukunika ingxelo Emva nje kokuba iqela likwazile ukwenza ibhalbhu yalo yetotshi ukuba ilayite, banike, O izimo zamalahle etotshi ezizuba (bhlu) i-5 O izimo zebhalbhu zetotshi ezityheli ezi-5 O umcu omncinane wePrestiki, kunye O nephepha lokubhala Bonisa abafundi bakho indlela yokuncamathelisa isimo selahle letotshi elizuba kwiphepha labo ngendlela efanayo nendlela ebelibekwe ngayo, ukuze ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite. Emva koko ke, cela abafundi bakho ukuba bakubonise ukuba iphi na ibhalbhu. Ncamathelisa izimo zebhalbhu zetotshi ezityheli kwiphepha lakho, ngendlela efanayo nendlela ebibekwe ngayo ukuze ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite. Emva koko ke cela abafundi bakho ukuba bazobe indawo ehamba ugesi. Emva kokuba ubancedisile abafundi bakho ukuba benze umfanekiso woko bakwenzileyo, cela abafundi ukuba bafumane enye indlela yokwenza ukuba ibhalbhu ilayite. Baxelele ukuba zininzi iindlela zokwenza ibhalbhu ilayite, kwaye ufuna ukuba bafumane zibe ninzi kangangoko. Baxelele ukuba ufuna bakubize xa kukho abazifumeneyo. Sebenza ngolu hlobo nawo onke amaqela. Nokuba unabafundi abaninzi kangakanani na eklasini yakho, unokukwazi ukwenza olu phando kunye nabafundi abancinane. Khuthaza iqela ngalinye odlula kulo xa uhamba phakathi kwawo. Banike uncedo xa ucinga ukuba baxingile, kwaye naxa belufuna uncedo olo. Kodwa ke, kwangaxeshanye, zama ukubavumela abafundi ukuba bazenzele uphando. Nokuba urhalela kangakanani na ukuba yinxalenye yophando okanye ufuna ukubabonisa into amabayenze, MUSA ukungenelela. Bavumele abafundi ukuba bawenze ngokwabo umsebenzi wezandla wophando. Siqinisekile ukuba uya kumangaliswa yindlela yobunzululwazi abaziphethe ngayo nabaya kuthi bayibonakalise, nesakhono ofuna ukusibethelela. 38

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Ukunxibelelana Asakuba onke amaqela abafundi bakho efumene ngaphezulu kwendlela enye yokulayita ibhalbhu, nika iqela ngalinye ithuba lokwabelana nabanye abafundi ngendlela yabo engenye yokwenza ibhalbhu ilayite. Yima ecaleni kwabo bantwana bathethayo, ubanike inkxaso abayifunayo. Benze ukuba babonise ngomfanekiso woko bakwenzileyo. Lo ngummandla obaluleke kakhulu wophando. Amaqela ohlukileyo anokufumana iindlela ezahlukileyo zokwenza ukuba ibhalbhu ilayite.

Ukufumanisa iindlela ezininzi zokwenza ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite Nika abafundi bakho ixesha elaneleyo lokuzama ukufumana ezinye iindlela zokwenza ukuba ibhalbhu ilayite. Zintlanu ubuncinane iindlela zokwenza ukuba ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite. (Uya kuzifumana ezi ndlela kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 79.) Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3, zama ukubakhuthaza ukuba bazame ukuzifumana zontlanu ezi ndlela. Ukanti ukuba usebenza nabafundi abancinane, mhlawumbi usenokucinga ukuba lide kakhulu elo xesha balichithileyo, ngoko ke lanele. Ukanti unokukwazi ukunika ithuba lokuba abantwana bakwenze oku ngelinye ixesha. Kuya kuba nomdla ukufumanisa ukuba basazikhumbula kusini na iindlela zokwenza ibhalbhu ilayite, ebebeziveze kusuku lokuqala, okanye babe mhlawumbi beza neendlela ezintsha kraca. Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba babhale amagama abo kwimifanekiso abayenzileyo. Uze ke uyixhome le mifanekiso kudonga lweklasi.

Ukuphononongwa nzulu kwebhalbhu yetotshi Abafundi beBanga 2 kunye nabeBanga3 Kulo msetyenzana ufuna abafundi ukuba baqwalasele nzulu ibhalbhu yetotshi. Ingaba ikhangeleka njani ibhalbhu? Malungu mani okanye zinto zini ezikwiBhalbhu??

Ukulungiselela uphononongo

inkcenkce yokubamba

ibhalbhu

ncamathisa

iglu

I-ENEJI NENGUQUKO

zoba

Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, kuya kufuneka wenze imodeli yebhalbhu yetotshi enkulu (esibaca) engumacala-mabini 2D. (Sinikezile ngamalungu ale modeli kwiphepha 78 lesiHlomelo. Ungenza ikopi yale modeli ze uyisike. Kwakhona siphinde sasebenzisa ikhadi elityheli kwibhalbhu yetotshi saza sasebenzisa ikhadi elizuba kwilahle letotshi.) O Khupha ngokusika isimo esikhulu sebhalbhu. O Khupha ngokusika esinye isimo esiyinkcenkce esihlala ibhalbhu O Ncamathelisa ngeglu umphantsi webhalbhu kwicala lasekunene lesimo esibuxande ukuze ikwazi ukonela kunxantathu oqatywe mdaka. 39

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O Sebenzisa ikhrayoni enkulu emnyama okanye ikoki ukuzoba indawo ehamba oogesi abatyebileyo ababini, njengoko kubonakalisiwe. O Khupha ngokusika isimo esililiso elimbhoxo esincinane kumfanekiso omibalabala ovela kwimagazini ze usincamathelise phezu kwemigca emnyama oyizobileyo. (Oku kumele iliso leglasi elikhusela ukuba oogesi ababini abakhulu bangadibani.) O Yenza umsontwana ngenkatha yocingwana olubhityileyo, ze uwubophelele, udibanise zozibini iziphelo zemigca emnyama. Enye indlela kukugqobhozela iziphelo zenkatha leyo yocingwana ekhalibhodini, ze kusetyenziswe iteyiphu yokuncamathelisa ngecala elingafanelekanga (uzibophelele phantsi ngokuzigqwetha.) O Songela icala lasekhohlo lesimo esihlala ibhalbhu ngakwicala lasekunene. Ngoku ke imodeli yakho yebhalbhu yetotshi sele kukufutshane ukuba igqibeke. O Sebenzisa amaqhuqhuva ePrestiki amele amaqhuma elothe asemacaleni kule kasi, kwakunye nencam yenkcenkce equkumbele ibhalbhu yetotshi. O Qaba ngombala omdaka isimo setrapeziyam esiphakathi kwikasi yenkcenkce kwakunye nencam yenkcenkce yelahle letotshi. Oku kubonakalisa inwebu yeplastiki eyahlula isilinda okanye iqokobhe lenkcenkce kwincam yenkcenkce.

Ikhoyili

Gobela ngaphakathi

isincamathelisi umthunzi

Le modeli yenziwe ukuze ubonakalise uhlobo acwangciswe ngalo amalungu angaphakathi ebhalbhu. Oko kwenzekayo ngaphakathi kwebhalbhu yokulayita kuya kuhlala kungumnqa kubafundi ngaphandle kokuba babe bacinge ngamalungu nokuba ingaba ucwangciso loogesi lwenziwe njani ngaphakathi, ze babe nethuba lokufumanisa olo bekelelo loogesi.

Ukusebenza nabafundi Zoba umfanekiso wobuso ebhodini. Buza abafundi ukuba, O Mpawu zini okanye malungu mani asebusweni? Ngawaphi amalungu ohlukileyo asebusweni? Nokuba abafundi bancinci kangakanani na baya kuba nakho ukukunika iimbono zabo. Ngethuba bekunika iingcinga zabo, zoba amalungu ze uleyibhelishe ilungu ngalinye. O Ke ngoku xelela abafundi bakho ukuba ufuna benze kwalo nto inye kwibhalbhu yetotshi. O Ngawaphi amalungu okanye iimpawu zebhalbhu? Nika abafundi imizuzwana embalwa yokuba baqwalaselise ngocoselelo. Lo gama besenza oko, zoba umphandle webhalbhu yetotshi. Xa sele ucinga ukuba abafundi banazo iinkcukacha abanazo, bacele ukuba bakuxelele oko bakubonayo. Zoba ze uleyibhelishe loo malungu okanye ezo ndawo xa bathe bamana bekuxelela amalungu abawaqapheleyo.

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Umbane Umbane luhlobo oluthile lwe-eneji. Kumbane we-eneji singafumana oku kulandelayo: • i-eneji efudumezayo (izitovu kunye nezifudumezi) • i-eneji yezandi (oonomathotholo, iiselula, amaqhosha okunkqonkqoza), kwakunye • ne-eneji yeentshukumo (iphiko elihamba ngombane lokuphozisa ubushushu, imoto yokudlala).

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Qala ngokubonisa ngebhola engqukuva yeglasi ze ubuze le mibuzo, O Yintoni esiyibonayo apha? O Sibona ntoni ngaphakathi kule bhola yeglasi? O Sibona ntoni phakathi kwala macingwana makhulu mabini? O Sibona ntoni emazantsi / ngasesikhondweni, phakathi kwala macingo mabini? O Yintoni engezantsi kwebhalbhu yeglasi? O Yintoni esiyiqaphelayo kwelinye icala elineqokobhe lekcenkce, ngaphezulu? O Yintoni esezantsi kwebhalbhu yetotshi? O Yintoni esiyiqaphelayo phakathi kweqokobhe lenkcenkce kunye nesikhondo seqokobhe lenkcenkce? O Ingaba ikho enye into eniyiqapheleyo? O Emva koko ke xhoma iimodeli zebhalbhu yetotshi ozenzileyo. Buza abafundi bakho ukuba, O Nicinga ukuba siya kufumana ntoni xa sithe salivula eli qokobhe lenkcenkce? O Yintoni enokuba ingaphakathi? O Ingaba ezi ngcingo zimbini zingaphakathi ziya phi? Nika abafundi bakho ixesha lokucinga. Mabaqikelele ukuba amacingo lawo abekelelwe njani? Bakhuthaze ukuba baqashele ngokuqiqileyo. Emva koko ke vula imodeli yakho ze ubabonise indlela olunye ucingo oludityaniswe ngayo ngelothe kwiqokobhe lenkcenkce, kwanendlela olunye ucingo oluya ngayo kwincam yenkcenkce esemazantsi ebhalbhu yetotshi. Ke ngoku sebenzisa imodeli yakho ukubonakalisa indlela epheleleyo yokuhamba kombane ukuze ibhalbhu ilayite. Umbane ukhululekile ukuba mawuhambe ngokupheleleyo kuloo ndlela yawo igqibeleleyo. Uthi uhambe ukusuka kwilahle letotshi, uhamba ngocingo uye kwiqokobhe lenkcenkce, ze ke emva koko uye kutsho kugesi omkhulu. Ukusuka apho uhamba ngocingwana oluncinane. Oku kuthi kwenze olu cingwana lulayite, ze ubuyele umva usiya komnye ugesi omkhulu ukuya kwilahle letotshi kwakhona.

Yintoni esiyifundileyo? Okokugqibela, zinike ixesha kunye nabafundi bakho ukuze nicinge banzi ngala mava. Sebenzisa imaphu yeengcinga obuyiyile ekuqaleni kolu phando xa ubuyalela abafundi bakho ukuba baphonononge itotshi ngocoselelo, ze bacinge ngendlela esebenza ngayo. Hlaziyani imaphu yeengcinga kunye nabafundi bakho nifunda zonke ezo zinto zisemaphini. Emva koko ke yalela abafundi bakho ukuba bathethe malunga noko bakwenzileyo kwakunye noko bakufumanisileyo xa ubunike iqela ngalinye ilahle letotshi kwakunye nebhalbhu yetotshi. Zama ukukhuthaza abo bafundi bathandabuzayo nabangathathi nxaxheba ngokupheleleyo. I-ENEJI NENGUQUKO

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Yintoni oya kuyifuna Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube neemagazini ezoneleyo ezindala ukuze kubekho ubuncinane imagazini enye phakathi kwabantwana ababini. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nezinto ezininzi ezifanelekileyo eziya kwaziwa ngabantwana bakho, nezikhoyo kumakhaya abo nakubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. Zama ukuqinisekisa ukuba unezinto ezahlukileyo ezininzi ukuze ube nakho ukunika abafundi bakho amava ohlukileyo ukuze ugxininise indlela utsalo, utyhilizo nojijo oluyinxalenye ngayo yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.

iStock Photos

Ukuphanda ngoTsalo noTyhilizo

Siye saquka intlama yokudlala, udongwe, iibhaluni, amatye, ubunkcenkcarha, ubuplangana, ilastiki, isilingi, iPrestiki, isiponji, iibhola ezincinane ezithambileyo, isipringi, iphepha, iimbombozi zeplastiki ezingenanto nezineziciko ezijijwayo xa zivulwa naxa zivalwa, iimbombozi ezingenanto ezineziciko ezicinezelwayo nezitsalwayo xa zivulwa naxa zivalwa, njalonjalo. Faka zonke ezi zinto uziqokeleleyo kwibhokisi okanye kwibhaskithi enkulu ukuze ube nakho ukuzifumana kakuhle xa uza kwenza isigaba sokuqala sophando. Qinisekisa ukuba unamabhastile ambalwa, iibhaluni ezimbalwa, iimoto zokudlala ezimbalwa, amaplanga agudileyo ambalwa, kwakunye neebhloko ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Xa kuthe kanti wabe usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, sicebisa ukuba ufune iiteyiphu zokuthatha imilinganiselo okanye iirula ezinde. 42

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Ukwazisa uphando Utsalo notyhilizo yinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Liyinene elavakaliswa ngu-Audrey Dryding ngethuba ekwakubanjwe ucweyo lukamasifundisane, apho wathi, “Yonke into esiyenzayo ibandakanya utsalo, utyhilizo, okanye ujijo!” Sifumene incwadi yamabali emifanekiso neya kulwazisa kakuhle olu phando: isiBhadlalala seMbukumbuku yoMnqathe oyiTheniphu oMkhulukazi. Le yintsomi yaseRashiya eyayibhalwe ngu-Leo Tolstoy. Sisebenzise inguqulelo eyayihonjiswe ngu-Helen Oxenbury. Kweli bali kukho indoda endala eyatyala iminqathana ebizwa ngokuba zitheniphu. Enye yeetheniphu yaye yakhula yasisibhadlalala esikhulukazi, yaza yathi le ndoda xa izama ukuyitsala, ayakwazi. Ke ngoko yabiza umfazi wayo. Yade yabiza umzukulwana wayo ekugqibeleni kwakunye nenani elivakalayo lezilwanyana ukuba ancedwe ukukhupha iitheniphu emhlabeni, kwaza kwathi ngelingeni bazikhupha. Ulwimi olusetyenziswe kweli bali lulula kakhulu kwaye kukho uphinda-phindo oluninzi. Ngako oko ke eli bali lisilungele kakhulu isiGaba esisiSeko. Uya kulifumana eli bali kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 80.

Sityhiliza xa kutheni ze sitsale xa kutheni? Usakuba ulifundile okanye ubabalisele abafundi bakho ibali obulikhethile, ncokola nabafundi bakho ngotyhilizo notsalo. Babuze ukuba, O Sityhiliza xa kutheni? O Sitsala xa kutheni? Ungabacela ukuba bashenxise okanye bahambise izinto ezahlukileyo eklasini. Umzekelo, unokucela omnye wabantwana ukuba avule ifestile okanye ucango. Xa umntwana esenza oku, mbuze ukuba, “wenza ntoni? Ingaba uyatyhiliza okanye uyatsala?” Okanye endaweni yokubuza lo mntwana usebenzayo, xelela abanye abafundi ukuba baqwalasele ngenyameko. Loo gama umntwana evula okanye evala ifestile okanye ucango, buza iklasi le xa iyonke ukuba, “Ingaba wenzani lo mfundi? Ingaba uyatsala okanye uyatyhiliza?” Emva koko, thatha ibhokisi okanye ibhaskithi obufake kuyo izinto ezahlukileyo obuziqokelele. Nika iqela ngalinye izinto ezininzi ezahlukileyo. Xelela abantwana ukuba ufuna benze uphando ngezinto ekufuneka bezityhilizile, kwakunye nezo kufuneka bezitsalile. Kulindeleke nakanjani ukuba igama elithi, jija kuya kuthethwa ngalo kwesi sithuba. Umzekelo, xa sikhama ilaphu (siyajija), kuba le nto yindibanisela yokutyhiliza (ngesandla esinye) kwakunye nokutsala (ngesinye isandla).

Isipha samagama Kuya kufuneka ube namaphepha ama-3 amakhulu aziitshati kwakunye neekoki okanye ikhrayoni ukuze wenze loo msebenzi. Embindini wetshati nganye kufuneka ubhale la magama alandelayo: O Tyhala O Tsala O Jija I-ENEJI NENGUQUKO

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Faka igama ngalinye kwisangqa, ngohlobo obuya kwenza ngalo xa usenza imaphu yeengcinga. Kodwa ke ngoku, endaweni yokwenza imaphu yeengcinga uya kuba usenza isipha samagama. Injongo zezokwenza abafundi ukuba bacinge ngawo onke amagama(mhlawumbi azizenzi ezininzi) athi abandakanye intshukumo echazwa ligama elisephepheni. Ukuba uthe wabhala igama elithi Tyhala embindini wephepha, zama ukuxelela abafundi ukuba bacinge ngawo onke amagama abandakanya ukutyhala. Le yindlela enamandla kakhulu yokwenza abafundi bakho ukuba bacinge ngamagama ukuze bandise kwaye baphuhlise isigama sabo. Lo gama bacinga ngezenzo ezibandakanya ezi ntshukumo zintathu, ubabeka emendweni, ubalungiselela umsebenzi oza kulandela.

Ukukhangela imizekelo yotyhalo notsalo O Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube neemagazini ezininzi ezindala ukuze wenze lo msebenzi. Kufuneka ubuncinane ukuba ube neemagazini ezinokwenela xa unokunika isibini sabantwana imagazini enye abanokuthi bajonge kuyo. Kananjalo kufuneka ubuncinane ukuba ube nezikere ezinokwenela xa uthe wanika isibini isikere esinye ukuze babolekisane ngaso. O Yalela abafundi bakho ukuba bajonge imifanekiso abanokuthi kuyo babone izenzo zotsalo okanye ezotyhalo. Ukuba usebenza nabafundi abaselula kakhulu, ungabacela nje ukuba bakhangele imifanekiso enotyhalo. Okanye bangavele nje bajonge imifanekiso enotsalo. O Xa abantwana bakho benika ingxelo kwaye bebonisa nangemifanekiso yabo, bonke abantwana baya kuyibona yonke imifanekiso kwaye kuya kubakho imifanekiso yabantu okanye eyezinto ezityhalayo, ze eminye imifanekiso ibe yeyabantu okanye izinto ezitsalayo.

Abantwana abadala bangaleyibhelisha intshukumo nganye.

Izikhundla zokusebenzela ezahlukileyo Enye indlela onokunika ngayo abafundi bakho amava okuphanda atyebileyo kukumisela ‘izikhundla zokusebenzela’ ezahlukileyo. Nakubeni nje le nto ibandakanya ukucwangcisa ngocoselelo namalungiselelo anabileyo, ikwayindlela enomdla kakhulu yokunika abafundi bakho amava atyebileyo. Loo nto nje iyodwa ithetha ukuba baya kuba bandakanyeka kwiintlobo zophando ezahlukileyo kodwa kube kujoliswe kwinto enye efanayo. Xa abafundi benika ingxelo ngoko bakwenzileyo, abo bafunda kunye nabo eklasini baya kufuna ukuva ukuba zinto zini na ezenziwa ngamanye amaqela. Okokuqala, kufuneka ufunde ezi ntlobo zophando zicetyiswe ngezantsi apha. Emva koko kufuneka uqokelele izixhobo nezinto oya kuzifuna. Khumbula ukuba wenza uphando lwezeNzululwazi kunye nabafundi bakho. Zama ukuthetha-thethana noMququzeleli wezeNzululwazi okanye iNqununu yakho malunga nokuthengwa kwezinye izixhobo. Izikolo zinebhajethi yokuthenga izixhobo eziza kusetyenziselwa ukufunda nokufundisa.

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1 Yintoni efuna ukutyhalwa, yintoni efuna ukutsalwa ze ibe yintoni efunda ukujijwa?

INDAWO YOKUSEBENZELA

Kuya kufuneka ukuba uqokelele izinto abaziqhelileyo abafundi bakho. Khangela okufumana ekhayeni lakho kunye naseklasini yakho. Mhlawumbi usenokuquka ibhotile yesiselo yeplastiki enesiciko esijijwayo, nokuba yinto enesiciko esicinezelwayo xa sivalwa ze sitsalwe xa sivulwa, usiba / ipensile, irhabha, isipeliti samaphepha, iibhola ezithambileyo ezincinane, umtya, isilingi, iibhaluni, iPrestiki, intlama yokudlala, amatye, into eyenziwe ngenkcenkce okanye intsimbi, into eyenziwe ngeplanga, isipringi, njalo-njalo. Faka zonke izixhobo ezo kwibhokisi enkulu kangangoko nengenzulu kuyaphi (isiciko sebhokisi yamaphepha okwenza iikopi singawufanela kakuhle kakhulu lo msebenzi) ukwenzela ukuba iqela labantwana libe nokufikelela ngokulula kwizinto ezikhoyo ukuze bakwazi ukuyibona nantoni na ukuba ingaba ifuna ukutsalwa, ukutyhalwa okanye ukujijwa kusini na. Yintoni efuna ukuTyhalwa? Yintoni efuna ukuTsalwa? Yintoni efuna ukuJijwa? Phanda ngoko ukufumana ebhokisini. Zinto zini ezifuna ukutyhalwa? Zihlanganise ndawonye Zinto zini ezifuna ukutsalwa? Zihlanganise ndawonye Zinto zini ezifuna ukujijwa? Zihlanganise ndawonye Zoba into nganye efuna ukutyhalwa kuluhlu loTyhalo. Zoba into nganye efuna ukutsalwa kuluhlu loTsalo. Zoba into nganye efuna ukujijwa kuluhlu loJijo.

Utyhalo

uTsalo

uJijo

Cela abafundi ukuba baphande ngezixhobo ezo ukuze bafumanise ukuba ingaba zifuna ukutyhalwa, ukutsalwa okanye ukujijwa kusini na. Baxelele ukuba ufuna bahlele izinto ezo ngokwamaqela amathathu: ezo kufuneka sizityhale, ezo kufuneka sizitsale kunye nezo kufuneka sizijije. Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, ungenza amaKhadi oMsebenzi anemiyalelo. Ukanti, ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye iBanga 1, mhlawumbi kuya kufuneka ubanike imiyalelo ngomlomo.

Umzekelo weKhadi loMsebenzi Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, ungacela abafundi bakho ukuba babhale phantsi ingxelo yoko bakufumanisileyo. Mhlawumbi usenokubanika itheyibhuli enezintlu ezi-3 ukuze babhale into nganye kuluhlu olufanelekileyo, okanye ungabacela ukuba bazobe oko bakufumanisileyo.

Umzekelo wetheyibhuli Ngokunjalo, abafundi beBanga R nabeBanga 1 banakho ukubhala ingxelo ngoko bakufumanisileyo ngokuzoba into nganye phantsi koluhlu olunye kwezi zintathu. Xa kufuneka abafundi benike ingxelo ngoko bakufumanisileyo oko kuya kubenza babenento ebhalwe phantsi ukuze bazikhumbuze ngayo. I-ENEJI NENGUQUKO

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2 Yintoni eyenza ukuba inqwelo yokudlala ibaleke ngesantya esiphezulu? INDAWO YOKUSEBENZELA

Apha kuya kufuneka ukuba ube neenqwelo zokudlala ezincinane ezintandathu. Ungazifumana ezi ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kwivenkile ekudederhu lweevenkile. Zidla ngokufumaneka ngantathu okanye ngane, nto leyo izenza zibe phantsi kakhulu ngexabiso. Kodwa ke, nceda uzame ukukhetha iintlobo ezahlukileyo zeenqwelo, ii-4x4 kunye nezigadla. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantwana baza kucinga ngokuba O yintoni ebangela ukuba enye inqwelo ibaleke kakhulu kunenye? Okanye O yintoni eyenza ukuba iinqwelo zishiyane ngokomgama ezifikelela kuwo kodwa zibe bezityhilizwe ngokufanayo.

Indima yoku-1

O Phawula iindawo apha eklasini, apho iqela ngalinye liza kwenza khona lo msebenzi. O Phawula umgca ekuza kuqalwa kuwo ukuze abafundi baluqale kuwo ugqatso. O Xelela amaqela abafundi ukuba ufuna bafumane eyona nqwelo ibaleka kakhulu. O Babonise ngokucacileyo abafundi ukuba kufanele “bazibekisele” phi iinqwelo zabo. O Baxelele ukuba kufuneka baqinisekise ukuba bonke baqala emgceni omnye ngexesha elinye. O Baxelele ukuba kufuneka kubekho umntwana omnye oza kubaxelela ukuba baqalise nini na ukubalekisa. O Uya kuthi ke unike umntwana ngamnye oseqeleni inqwelo eyiyeyakhe. O Nje esakuthi umlawuli-lugqatso, “Maziye”, umntwana ngamnye kufuneka ayityhilize kanye inqwelo yakhe ukwenzela ukuba iqengqeleke. O Yeyiphi inqwelo ehambe ngesantya esiphezulu? Kutheni? O Yeyiphi inqwelo ehambe umgama omde? Bacinga ukuba kutheni kwenzeke loo nto nje? O Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3 bangathatha imilinganiselo yemigama ehanjwe zezo nqwelo.

Indima yesi-2 Kwindima yesibini yophando, kuza kufuneka wenze ithambeka. Ungasebenzisa ibhloko enye okanye ezimbini ukuze uthambekise elinye icala lebhodi eqinileyo okanye iplanga. Nalapha ke kuya kufuneka ukhethe indawo eklasini ukuze abafundi ‘babalekise’ iinqwelo zabo. O Xelela abafundi ukuba kufuneka ukuba babolekisane ngokuyeka iinqwelo zabo zibaleke bengakhange babe bazityhilizile. O Yeyiphi eyona nqwelo ihambe umgama omde? Kutheni becinga olo hlobo nje? O Bacele ukuba babhale phantsi ingcaciso leyo. Abafundi beBanga 1 bangayizoba inqwelo ehambe umgama omde. Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3 bangazalisa itheyibhuli.

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O Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3 bangathatha imilinganiselo yemigama ehanjwe ziinqwelo zabo ukusuka ezantsi ethambekeni. O Yalela iqela ukuba liphinda-phinde uphando lwalo amatyeli amaninzi. Cela abantwana ukuba babhale phantsi zonke iziphumo kwityeli ngalinye. O Ukuba bayabutshintsha ubude bethambeka, oko kuya kwenza wuphi umahluko. Ingaba iinqwelo zihamba umgama omde? Bakhuthaze abafundi bakho ukuba bacacise nawuphi na umahluko. O Ukuba abantwana babeka ibhloko yeplanga ekupheleni kwethambeka, ingaba oko kuya kuzimisa iinqwelo? Okanye ingaba iinqwelo ezo ziya kuwutyhiliza loo mqobo? Kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba bongeze omnye umqobo?

Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, qinisekisa ukuba babhala phantsi ingxelo yoko bakufumanisileyo. Banokukwenza oku ngokuzoba, okanye ngokwetheyibhuli okanye benze igrafu. O Yeyiphi inqwelo ehambe owona mgama mde xa bekungekho thambeka? O Yeyiphi inqwelo ehambe owona mgama mde xa besebenzise ithambeka abantwana? O Xa abafundi benika ingxelo yoko bakufumanisileyo kwiklasi yakho xa iyonke, babuze ukuba, O Yintoni eyenza iinqwelo zihambe ngokukhawuleza? O Ingaba iinqwelo zihamba ngokukhawuleza xa zibekwe ethambekeni? O Ingaba ukuthambekisa kakhulu okanye kancinci kwethambeka kwenza umahluko? Ucinga ukuba inokuba yintoni isizathu soku?

Amabhastile

Ungalenza njani ukuba ibhastile lihambe? Yintoni omawuyenze ukuze ibhastile lihambe? Fumana iindlela ezahlukileyo zokwenza ukuba ibhastile lihambe. Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ingcono kunezinye? Kutheni le yona indlela ingcono kunezinye?

Kananjalo banokucinga ngokuba ubani angakwazi njani ukutyhiliza iimoto ezi-2 ngohlobo olufanayo.

3 Ukuqalisa ukuhamba nokuma INDAWO YOKUSEBENZELA

Kolu phando, kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nengxowana yamabhastile kwakunye nemicingana yokusela. Nika iqela ngalinye labafundi amabhastile ze ubavumele ukuba badlale ngawo okwethutyana. Emva koko ke bacele abafundi bakho ukuba baphande ngendlela abakuwenza ngayo amabhastile lawo ukuba ahambe.

Babuze ukuba, O Ungalenza njani ukuba ibhastile lihambe? O Yintoni omawuyenze ukuze ibhastile lihambe? O Ingaba kukho iindlela ezahlukileyo zokwenza ukuba ibhastile lihambe. O Ingaba kukho indlela engcono kunezinye? O Ucinga ukuba yintoni isizathu soko? Nika abafundi bakho ithutyana lokucinga ngeendlela zokwenza ukuba amabhastile abo ahambe. Emva koko ke bakhuthaze ukuba bacinge ngoko bakwenzayo, ze bacinge nangoko banokukwenza ukuze bamise amabhastile abo.

I-ENEJI NENGUQUKO

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Babuze ukuba, O Zingaphi iindlela onokuzifumana zokumisa ibhastile? O Yeyiphi eyona ndlela isebenza ngcono kunezinye? O Yintoni eyenza into ukuba iqalise ukuhamba? Emva koko ke landelisa ngokunika abafundi bakho imicingana yokusela, ze ubacele ukuba basebenzise imicingana yabo yokusela ukwenza ukuba amabhastile abo ahambe. Ingaba bangayisebenzisa kusini na imicingana yabo ukumisa amabhastile abo? Nika abantwana ithutyana lokufunisela nokuzama oko, ze bafumane iindlela ezininzi kangangoko banakho zokusebenzisa imicingana yabo yokusela ukuzama ukuhambisa amabhastile abo kwakunye nokuwamisa.

4 Yintoni etsalwa ngoomazibuthe (ngeetshowukhi)

INDAWO YOKUSEBENZELA

Kuza kufuneka uqokelele izinto ezininzi ezahlukileyo ekusetyenziswe izinto ezahlukileyo ukuzenza. Zama ukuqokelela izinto ezininzi ezahlukileyo neziqhele ukubonwa ngabafundi koko kubangqongileyo, njengakumakhaya abo, okanye esikolweni. Zifake ezi zinto zahlukileyo etreyini enkulu okanye esicikweni sebhokisi esingenzulwanga, ukuze bonke abafundi abaseqeleni babe nakho ukufikelela kuzo ukuze baphande ngeempawu zazo. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka ukuba umfundi ngamnye abe nomazibuthe (itshowukhi) wakhe. Kulunge kakhulu ukuba bonke abantwana abaseqeleni baphande ngexesha elinye, ukuze kungabikho mntwana ulinda ithuba elilelakhe ukuze asebenzise umazibuthe. Beka itreyi enezinto ezahlukileyo etafileni, ze unike umntwana ngamnye umazibuthe wakhe. Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba baphande ngazo zonke izinto ezahlukileyo ukuze bafumanise zonke izinto ezitsalwa ngumazibuthe, okanye izinto umazibuthe ancamathelayo kuzo. Cela abafundi ukuba benze iintlanti ezimbini. Kufuneka benze ubuhlanti bazo zonke izinto umazibuthe ozitsalayo okanye oncamathelayo kuzo. Emva koko ke kufuneka benza obunye ubuhlanti bazo zonke izinto ezikhoyo ongazitsaliyo umazibuthe okanye ongancamatheliyo kuzo. Cela abafundi bakho ukuba babhale phantsi ingxelo yoko bakufumanisileyo ngokwemizobo okanye bakwenze oko ngokwetheyibhuli enezintlu ezimbini.

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Kwakhona, ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, ungabhala imiyalelo kwiKhadi loMsebenzi. Fakela imibuzwana embalwa, enjengale: O Omnye umazibuthe uya kutsalela izinto ezithile kuwo. Zinto zini ozitsalela kuwo? O Zinto zini ongazitsaliyo? O Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uthathe oomazibuthe ababini wababeka kwiindawo ezimbini ezahlukileyo kodwa zibe zisondelelene? O Guqula omnye umazibuthe umbeke ngelinye icala. Kwenzeka ntoni ke ngoku?

Oomazibuthe Omnye umazibuthe uya kutsalela izinto ezithile kuwo. Zinto zini ozitsalela kuwo? Zinto zini ongazitsaliyo? Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uthathe oomazibuthe aba-2, wababeka kwiindawo ezimbini ezahlukileyo kodwa zibe zisondelelene? Guqula omnye umazibuthe umbeke ngelinye icala. Kwenzeka ntoni ke ngoku?

Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R kunye nabeBanga 1, qinisekisa ukuba uchitha ixesha elininzi ngokwaneleyo uhamba apha phakathi kwabo, ubaxhasa kwaye ubakhuthaza abantwana abo. Qinisekisa ukuba nabo ngokwabo bayibhala phantsi ingxelo yoko bakufumanisileyo. Nkqu nabantwana abancinane banokukuzoba oko bakufumanisileyo kuphando abalwenzileyo.

Utsalo notyhalo yinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.

I-ENEJI NENGUQUKO

Ilizwi lokugqibela Nanjengoko sithe safumanisa kucweyo lukamasifundisane, utsalo notyhalo yinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ootitshala ababini abebeyinxalenye yeprojekthi basebenzise isifundo seMfundo yoLolongomizimba ukunikezela ngophando lotsalo notyhilizo kubafundi babo. Oku kwakunomdla ngolona hlobo kwaye kubonakalise ngokucacileyo indlela utsalo notyhalo oluyinxalenye ngayo kuzo zonke iintshukumo esithi sizenze.

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ICANDELO 4 IPlanethi yoMhlaba nokuNgaphaya kwayo

Ukuphanda ngezimo zeNyanga Elinye lamasolotya ekharityhulamu yezeNzululwazi yezeNdalo lijolise kwiPlanethi yoMhlaba nokuNgaphaya kwayo. Ngamanye amazwi, sikhuthazwa ukuba siphande ze sifumanise ngakumbi ngoMhlaba kwakunye nesibhakabhaka. Kwakudala-dala abantu babesoloko benomdla kwaye bethabathekile koko bakubona esibhakabhakeni, ngexesha lasemini kwakunye nangexesha lasebusuku. Iinyanga zithiywe ngokobume beenkwenkwezi (izinkwenkwezi) umzekelo, inyanga kaJuni inikwe igama likaPleiades nebizwa njengeSilimela esiXhoseni. Kwiinkcubeko ezininzi kubaliswa amabali ukucacisa ngeqela elithile leenkwenkwezi.

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IKhalenda yokuJonga iNyanga ICawe

UMvulo

ULwesibini

ULwesithathu

ULwesine

ULwesihlanu

UMgqibelo

Olu phando lujolise kwizimo ezahlukileyo zeNyanga. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ubenze abafundi ukuba baphonononge iNyanga isithuba esingangeentsuku ezingama-30. Kodwa ke ukuba bathe babonakalisa umdla, qhubekeka nolo phononongo lweNyanga ixesha elingaphezulu koko. Sivuyiswe kakhulu kukuba sifumanise ukuba nkqu nabafundi beBanga 1 ekuqaleni konyaka babanakho ukuhlala besemdleni xa beqhuba uphononongo oluthatha ixesha elide. Kananjalo bathe banakho ukubhala phantsi oko bakubonileyo!

Yintoni oya kuyifuna Yintoni oya kuyifuna? Sinikezele ngomzekelo weKhalenda yokuJonga iNyanga kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 83 nesicebisa ukuba ulikope ze ulandisele abafundi bakho elo phepha ukuze babhale phantsi oko bakubonayo. Kananjalo senze incwadi ende egoso-goso njengendlela eyongezelelweyo yokubhala

iCawa

Mvulo

Lwesibini

Lwesithathu

Lwesine

Lwesihlanu

Ikota yokuqala

ingxelo yendlela iNyanga ekhangeleka ngayo. Sithe kananjalo sabeka iKhalenda yeNyanga yase-Afrika ebonakalisa ukuguquka kwezimo zenyanga kunyaka wonke. Ezi khalenda ziveliswa kwaye zifumaneka kwaClip-Clop, oyinkampani encinane yaseKapa. Uya kuzifumana iinkcukacha zoqhagamshelwano nale nkampani kwiphepha 82 elikwisiHlomelo. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka ucinge ngexesha lonyaka ofuna ukwenza ngalo olu phando. Siphonononge izimo zeNyanga ngekota yokuqala yonyaka, ngexesha apho isibhakabhaka siqhele ukungabinamafu eNtshona Koloni. Kuya kufuneka ucinge ngexesha apho kuqhele ukungabikho mafu esibhakabhakeni ukuze wena nabafundi bakho nibe nokuphonononga kakuhle. Ingakhathaza kakhulu into yokuba kubekho amafu amaninzi ze abantwana bangabinakho ukubona inyanga.

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Yintoni esiyaziyo ngeNyanga? Okokuqala, fumanisa ukuba yintoni na abayaziyo abafundi bakho ngeNyanga. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nephepha elikhulu eliyitshati kwakunye neekoki okanye iikhrayoni. Embindini wetshati leyo bhala igama elithi iNyanga, ze ulizobele elo gama kwisangqa. Emva koko ke fakela imigca wenze imaphu yeengcinga (isakhiwo sokuceba ingqiqo) engoko abafundi bakho bakuxelela kona. Qokelela abafundi ukuze bakungqonge ze ubabuze ukuba bangakuxelela ntoni na ngeNyanga. Ungalindela ukuba bakuxelele izinto ezifana nezi: O INyaga ayisoloko imile ngokufanayo. Ngamanye amaxesha ibusangqa esibubhola. O Ngamanye amaxesha iliceba elimile ngokwebhanana, njengecala leorenji, okanye njengebhola yombhoxo! (Kule ndawo uya kufumana ithuba elihle lokunxulumanisa ulwimi lwezibalo.) O Abanye abantwana mhlawumbi bangathi iNyanga ayisoloko imi ndaweni nye. Ikhangeleka ngokungathi iyahamba. (Nakubeni ke iNyanga ikhangeleka ngokungathi iyahamba ngokwesiqingatha sesangqa sesazinge icanda isibhakabhaka ebusuku, ngokwenene nangenyaniso ihamba ngokucotha okukhulu. Kuthatha iintsuku ezingama 291/4 ukuhamba kweNyanga ijikeleze umhlaba wonke. Kukujikeleza komhlaba okwenza ukuba inyanga ikhangeleke ngokungathi ihamba ngokukhawuleza.) O Abantwana bangakuxelela ukuba inyanga iyaphuma yenyuke ze itshone njengelanga kwiiyure ezingama-24. (Eyona nto yenza oku kukuba umhlaba ujikeleza kanye ngeeyure ezingama 24. Le nto ayenziwa kukuba lilanga kunye neNyanga ezihambayo.) O Kananjalo usenokulindela ukuba abanye babantwana banokukuxelela ngemifanekiso eyahlukileyo abayibona kubuso benyanga. Sifumanise ukuba abanye abantwana bathi babone umfazi othwele inyanda entloko, obeleke usana emqolo ehamba nenja ecaleni kwakhe. Omnye wabantwana usixelele ukuba wabona ihashe! O Kananjalo abantwana basenokuthetha ngemibala yeNyanga. Sifumanise ukuba abantwana bachaphazele imibala enjengobusilivere, bugolide kwakunye nebubomvarha nobu-orenji.

umvundla 52

umfazi

uqongqothwane

Abanye abantwana bathi babone umfazi othwele inyanda entloko, obeleke usana emqolo ehamba nenja ecaleni kwakhe. Omnye wabantwana usixelele ukuba wabona ihashe! UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

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Yintoni esifuna ukuyazi ngeNyanga? Okulandelayo, fumanisa kubafundi bakho ukuba yintoni abafuna ukuyazi ngeNyanga. Sebenzisa iphepha elikhulu letshati elingenanto ze ubhale ekuqaleni ukuba yintoni esifuna ukuyazi ngeNyanga. Emva koko ke bhala phantsi imibuzo yabafundi bakho. Eminye yemibuzo enokubuzwa ngabantwana bakho isenokuquka: O Kwenzeka ntoni eNyangeni? O Yintoni iNyanga? O Kunjani eNyangeni? O Ingaba ungawubona umhlaba xa useNyangeni? O Kutheni iNyanga ikhangeleka yahlukile nje ebusuku? O Ucinga ukuba ikude kangakanani iNyanga kuthi? O Singazifumana njani iimpendulo? Awunakho ukuphanda ngayo yonke imibuzo yabafundi bakho. Kodwa unganakho ukuphanda ngeminye yale mibuzo. Ngamanye amaxesha, unokufumana iincwadi kwithala leencwadi lengingqi yakho neziya kuphendula eminye yemibuzo yabafundi bakho. Kananjalo ungenza amalungiselelo otyelelo oluya kwiziko elingemicimbi yeplanethi. Uya kuyifumana inombolo kunye nedilesi kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 82. Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba xa befuna ukufumanisa ngakumbi ngokuqhubeka eNyangeni, kuya kufuneka ukuba baqwalasele iNyanga urhatya ngalunye kwiivekana ezimbalwa ezizayo. Xhoma edongeni ikopi eyandisiweyo yeKhalenda yokujonga iNyanga (khangela kwiphepha 83) ze ucele abafundi bakho ukuba baqinisekise ukuba bayayiqwalasela iNyanga ngorhatya. Bakhumbuze ukuba uza kubabuza ngosuku olulandelayo ukuba babone ntoni na, kwaye kuza kufuneka bekuxelele ubume beNyanga ukuba bebunjani na. Emva koko ke, kwiiveki ezintlanu ezilandelayo, khumbuza abafundi bakho emva kosuku ngalunye ukuba ufuna baqwalasele iNyanga. Baxelele ukuba ulindele ukuba bakunike ingxelo yoko bakuqwalaseleyo kusuku ngalunye olulandelayo. Ngosuku ngalunye kufuneka uyalele abafundi ukuba bazobe kwiKhalenda yokujonga iNyanga oko bakubonileyo kubusuku obudlulileyo.

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Ngokuthe chu, wena kunye nabafundi bakho niya kubona isimbo esenzekayo. Kambe ukuba niyaqhubeka nophononongo iiveki ezintlanu, abafundi baya kubona ukuba eso simbo siya phindaphindana. Mhlawumbi ayingabo bonke abafundi bakho abaya kukhumbula ukuqwalasela iNyanga. Kodwa abanye kubo baya kukhumbula. Kambe siyakuqinisekisa ukuba uya kufumanisa ukuba ngokuye kuhamba ixesha, nenani labantwana abakhumbulayo ukujonga iNyanga liyakwanda.

Ukusebenza nabafundi beBanga 1 USukaina Mitchell ongutitshala wabafundi beBanga 1 kule projekthi wabenza abafundi bakhe ababeqala isikolo iivekana nje ezimbalwa, ukuba benze uphononongo olude lwenyanga. Ngoncedo lukaSuaina, aba bantwana bancinane bathi babhala phantsi oko bakufumanisileyo kwiKhalenda yokujonga iNyanga kwanakwincwadi egosogoso. USukaina wathi kananjalo wasebenzisa olu phando ukuze alunxulumanise nezimo okanye izakhiwo, nto leyo yenza uhlanganiso lweMathematika kunye nophando lwezeNzululwazi yezeNdalo.

Ezinye zezinto onokucinga ngazo ze uzixoxe nabafundi bakho

O Ungacebisa abafundi bakho ukuba babuze kwiintsapho zabo ngezinto ezaziwayo ngeNyanga. Baya kuthi ke babelane ngezi nkcukacha kunye neklasi yabo. Ezi nkcukacha zinokuquka ubucukubhede benkcubeko (ulwazi nenkolo) malunga neNyanga. Umzekelo, abanye abantu bakholelwa ukuba elona xesha lilungileyo lokutyala kuxa iNyanga inkulu. Aba bantu bakholelwa ukuba imbewu ayikhuli kakuhle xa ityalwe ngexesha apho iNyanga incipha khona. O Abanye abantu bathi xa iNyanga ikwindawo ethile, loo nto ithetha ukuba kuza kunetha. O Kutheni izinja zikhonkotha xa kukho iNyanga epheleleyo?

INyanga INyanga inezimo. Sibona iNyanga kuba ibonakalisa ukukhanya kweLanga

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Ukuphanda ngemozulu

Ekuqaleni kwale projekthi, ootitshala babuza abafundi babo ukuba bangathanda ukwazi okanye ukufumanisa ntoni na ngehlabathi labo. Phakathi kwemibuzo eyabuzwa ngabantwana, emininzi kuyo yaba ngezimanga zendalo. O Ingaba amafu ayahamba-hamba ngokwenene? Njani?(iBanga 1) O Yintoni eyenza umbane? (iBanga 2) O Yintoni eyenza iindudumo? Kutheni zingxola kangaka? (iBanga 2) O Ingaba amafu asuka phi? (iBanga 3) Le mibuzo singayiphendula ngokuba, uphando lwethu lwethoba lujolise kwiMozulu. Zininzi iindlela onokwazisa ngazo iMozulu njengento ekujoliswa kuyo yophando. Esi sihloko ungasinxulumanisa nokuguquka kwamaXesha oNyaka, okanye ungaphanda ngemozulu njengesandiso somsebenzi wokubhalwa kwemozulu neklasi yakho.

Enye indlela onokuqala ngayo Ukuba ugqibe ekubeni unxulumanise iMozulu namaXesha oNyaka, sicebisa ukuba uqale ngokwenza ingxoxo malunga namaXesha oNyaka. Cela abafundi bakho ukuba bacinge ngokuba injani na imozulu ngethuba usenza uphando. Babuze ukuba ibinjani na kwezi veki zimbalwa ziphelileyo (ibishushu, ibibanda, bekunetha, bekukho umoya, bekutshisa ilanga, njalo-njalo).

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Landelisa ngokubuza abafundi bakho ukuba: O Ingaba kuqalisa nini ukukhanya kusasa? O Ingaba kurhatyela nini? Ingaba kuqala (malunga) naliphi ixesha ukuba mnyama ngokuhlwa? Bhala konke oko abafundi bakuxelela kona kwiphepha elikhulu eliyitshati. Oku ungakwenza ngokwemaphu yeengcinga, okanye ngokwetheyibhuli. Ukuba usebenza nabafundi abancinci kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubhale ingcaciso yabafundi ngendlela ecacileyo, kwaye ukwenza Umfanekiso yeyona nto ikhethekayo. Ukuba wenza uluhlu, qinisekisa ukuba into oyibhalileyo inkulu kwaye icacile. Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, ungacela abafundi bakho ukuba baqaphele ze babhale phantsi ixesha ekuqala ngalo ukukhanya, kwakunye nexesha ekuqala ngalo ukubamnyama. Kananjalo banokukhangela imozulu nakumaphephandaba. Oku ke kungajolisa kubusuku nemini.

Enye indlela onokwenza ngayo Ukuba ugqibe ekubeni wandise ukubhalwa nokuthathwa kwemozulu kwemihla ngemihla ngabafundi bakho, usenakho ukubamba ingxoxo. Buza abafundi bakho ukuba, O Ingaba umoya usoloko usiya kwicala elinye? O Ngawaphi amagama awohlukileyo abantu abawasebenzisayo xa bethetha ngeentshukumo zomoya? (umzekelo: impepho, inkanyamba). Ungenza nezipha zamagama zala mgama. O Ingaba sifumana imvula engakanani ngeveki/ngenyanga (kweli xesha enyakeni)? O Ingaba izithunzi zethu zisoloko zilingana 56

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Ukusebenza nabafundi beBanga R Ngentseni yenye intwasahlobo, uNigel ongutitshala weBanga R eLondon, wathatha abafundi bakhe, wabakhuphela phandle ukuze bazobele izithunzi zabanye kumaphepha amakhulu. Abantwana bayiqaba imifanekiso leyo yezithunzi, ze bazisika, ze zaxhonywa eludongeni. Kwiveki ezimbalwa ezilandelayo, uNigel wabakhuphela phandle kwakhona abantwana bakhe. Kweli tyeli wabakhuphela phandle emini emaqanda. Bathi bakuphumela phandle abantwana, abazibona izithunzi zabo. Kweli tyeli izithunzi zazizifutshane kakhulu. Abanye babantwana babekhathazekile yile nto! Wathi uNigel asakuxelela oogxa bakhe kamva emsebenzini, omnye wootitshala wesiGaba esiPhakathi wathi, “intle kakhulu ke loo nto! Kuba ngoku uza kukwazi ukucacisa ukuba kutheni izithunzi zabo zizincinci okanye ‘ziphele emehlweni’.” “Hayi khona,” watsho uNigel. “Andinakuyenza konke loo nto. Ndifuna ukuba bacinge ngoko, kuza kuthi ke xa sele bebadadlanyana kwaye befunda ngentshukumo zoMhlaba, la mava aza kubanceda ukuba baqonde.” Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Sifuna ukuba abafundi bethu bahlale becinga. Kuye kuthi ke kamva bafunde ngezizathu ezibangela ukuba izithunzi zabo zikhangeleke zisithi shwaka. Abafundi beBanga 2 nabeBanga 3 bangathatha imilinganiselo yezithunzi zabo. Ngokwenza oko uya kube uhlanganisa uphando lwakho lwenzululwazi kwakunye neziBalo.

Ukuba ufundisa abafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1, ungenza le nto yenziwa nguNigel, uyalele abafundi bakho ukuba bazobele izithunzi zabanye ze uzixhome eludongeni lweklasi yakho. Abantwana bangathatha imilinganiselo yezithunzi zabo besebenzisa iinyawo nezandla zabo.

Ukuphanda ngemozulu Kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe isigqibo malunga nokuba ufuna ukuba olu phando luqhube ixesha elingakanani. Mhlawumbi ungagqiba kwelokuba ufuna ukuba abafundi bakho baphande ngemozulu isithuba esingangenyanga. Okanye bangaqhubekeka nophando ikota yonke. Nguwe omakazikhethele. Into ebalulekileyo yeyokuba ukhuthaze abafundi bakho ukuba “bacinge ze basebenze njengosonzululwazi” (nguSkamp, 1998)

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Benza ntoni ke oosonzululwazi? Bayaphonononga ze babhale phantsi oko Thetha nabafundi bakubonayo rhoqo ngexesha elimiselweyo. Ukuba ufuna ukukhuthaza abafundi bakho malunga bakho ukuba bacinge ze benze njengoosonzululwazi, kufuneka wenze abafundi nendlela bakho ukuba babhale phantsi oko bakubonileyo ngemozulu kathathu ngemini. Xoxa nabafundi bakho malunga noko ufuna ukuba bakwenze. Bakhuthaze ooSonzululwazi ukuba bacinge ngamaxesha afanelekileyo abaza kuqaphela ngawo imozulu. abasebenza ngayo. Emva koko ke seka amaxesha amathathu osuku apho abantwana baya Baxelele ukuba ufuna kukhangela imozulu rhoqo kwisithuba sexesha elisekiweyo. ukuba bacinge

Iibhodi zokucwangcisa uphando

malunga noko banokukufumanisa kwakunye noko banokuthatha imilinganiselo yako.

Xa uxoxa ngendlela oza kulwenza ngayo uphando kunye nabafundi bakho, mhlawumbi ungakufumanisa kubalulekile ukuba usebenzise ‘ibhodi yokucwangcisa’ kunye nabafundi bakho. Sifumene imizekelo emihle emibini yebhodi yokucwangcisa kwincwadi esuka e-Australia, ethi Teaching Primary Science Constructively (nguSkamp, 1998:44) Abantwana babhala iimpendulo zabo kwimicu yamaphepha ze basebenzise isincamathelisi sokuwancamathisela ebhodini.

IBHODI YOKUCWANGCISA UPHANDO Isikhokelo esikwikhadi eliqinileyo elineplastiki engasemva encamathelayo eyenza ukuba ibhodi ibe nokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona.

Umbuzo

Yeyiphi iswekile enyibilika ngokukhawuleza?

Kwenzeke ntoni? Yintoni endinokuyiguqula?

Uhlobo lweswekile – iswekile ecolekileyo, iswekile emdaka, iswekile erhabaxa, iswekile engamagaqa

Singayigcina ngcono njani? Imibuzo enika inkxaso ebantwaneni xa becwangcisa uphando lwabo.

Yintoni endinokuyilinganisela?

Ikhawuleza kangakanani na iswekile ukunyibilika – ixesha

Siya kufuna ntoni? Yintoni endinokuyigcina ifana?

Isixa samanzi, ubushushu nokubanda kwamanzi, isixa seswekile, ukuzamisa

Siya kwenza ntoni? Le bhodi ingasetyenziswa ngumntu omnye okanye ngamaqela amancinane. Ibhodi enkulu ingenzelwa ukusetyenziswa yiklasi xa iyonke.

Ndingazibhala njani iziphumo zam?

Uhlobo lweswekile Ixesha elithatyathwe yiswekile ukunyibilika

Yintoni endiza kuyifuna?

UIswekile, ijagi yokulinganisela, amanzi, icephe, iwotshi

Uthini umbuzo?

Indlu yocwangciso lwesihloko esingezinto ezizakusetyenziswa

(Ithatyathelwe kuGoldsworthy noFeasey ka 1994)

Ungasebenzisa enye yeebhodi zokucwangcisa, okanye ungathabatha enye uyilungelelanise ze uyisebenzise eklasini yakho. Thetha nabafundi bakho malunga nendlela ooSonzululwazi abasebenza ngayo. Baxelele ukuba ufuna ukuba bacinge malunga noko banokukufumanisa kwakunye noko banokuthatha imilinganiselo yako. Ungasebenzisa le mibuzo ilandelayo ukukhokela ingxoxo: O Yintoni esinokuthatha imilinganiselo yayo? (Icala oya kulo umoya; isixa semvula; ubude nobukhulu besithunzi) O Ingaba kukho into ekuya kufuneka siyiguqule? (Indawo esithatha imilinganiselo kuyo) O Ingaba siya kuzibhala njani iziphumo zethu? (Kwitshati / kwigrafu) O Yintoni esiya kuyifuna? (isalatha-moya / unobonisela womoya; igeyiji yemvula; iphepha kunye netshokhwe / iikhrayoni / iipensile) 58

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Ukuqwalasela nokubhala ingxelo yemozulu Abafundi beBanga 2 kwakunye nabeBanga 3 Emva kwentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu zokuphononnga nokubhala ingxelo ngeenkcukacha zemozulu, ungenza uluhlu lwamagama lokubolekisana. Oku kuya kwenza abafundi ukuba babolekisane ngokukhangela imozulu ze babhale phantsi ingxelo yoko bakuqwalaseleyo kwiTshati yeMozulu. (Uya kufumana umzekelo wetshati yeMozulu kwisiHlomelo esikwiphepha 84.) Emva kweveki, khuthaza abafundi bakho ukuba bajonge izimbo zemozulu. Bacele ukuba baqashele ukuba iza kuba njani na imozulu ngosuku olulandelayo okanye ngempelaveki leyo ilandelayo. Khuthaza iklasi yakho ukuba imamele ingxelo yemozulu kanomathotholo okanye babukele ingxelo yemozulu kumabonakude. Bacele ukuba bamamele / babukele amaqondo aphezulu namaqondo asezantsi obushushu kuqikelelo lwemozulu yaseKapa, kwakunye necala oya ngakulo umoya. Abantwana bangakhangela ukuba uqikelelo olo lwemozulu luchanekile kusini na, oko bekwenza kunye neklasi yabo / bangakhangela ukuba lichanekile kusini na icala oya ngakulo umoya. Kananjalo bangathatha umlinganiselo wemvula ngegeyiji yemvula abazenzele yona. (Siquke imiyalelo yokwenziwa kwegeyiji apha ngezantsi.) Kananjalo abantwana bangajonga uqikelelo lwemozulu kumaphephandaba. Ayingawo onke amaphephandaba asekuhlaleni aquka uqikelelo lwemozulu lwempelaveki. Mhlawumbi wena kunye nabantwana bakho ningaqhagamshelana ne-ofisi yephephandaba elo ukuze nibacele ukuba baquke ingcaciso engoqikelelo lwemozulu. Uqikelelo lwemozulu olukwiphephandaba leCape Times lucace kakuhle kakhulu.

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Enye indlela yokwenza isalathisi-moya Zinto zini oza kuzifuna

O Umntla womlenze wekawusi osuka kwiikawusi ezingamagusha O Uswazana olubhityileyo (isikhonkwane esingenantloko esimalunga nama-80 okanye nama-90 eesentimitha ubude) O Ucingo olubhityileyo (olubude bumalunga nama-75 eesentimitha O Ibhotile (ekuza kumiswa kuyo uswazana olo)

1. Nweba amagusha kancinci ukuze abe makhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuze umoya ukwazi ukuvutheleka kuwo. 2. Thungela ucingo lugqobhozele kumphezulu womlenze wamagusha njengoko ubunokwenza ngenaliti xa uthunga ngokwezitishi ilaphu elithile. 3. Qinisekisa ukuba wenza isangqa. 4. Jijela icala elifutshane locingo kwicala elide. 5. Jijela icala elide locingo kumphezulu woswazana. 6. Faka uswazana ebhotileni.

7. Khetha indawo evulelekileyo kumabala esikolo apho isalathisimoya sakho siya kukhuseleka khona. Faka ibhotile leyo ibambeke kumngxunyana ongenzulu kuyaphi emhlabeni. 8. Qinisekisa ukuba umlomo wesalathisi-moya esifakwe kuswazana uvulekile.

Enye indlela yokwenza igeyiji yemvula Zinto zini oza kuzifuna Ibhotile yeplastiki enomphantsi osicaba kwakunye namacala asicaba 1. Sika, ukhuphe umphezulu webhotile ze uwuguqule umphezulu lowo uwenze ifanele. Faka ‘ifanele’ leyo kwasebhotileni ngokobufanele bayo. 2. Ungacela abafundi bakho ukuba benze iimpawu emacaleni ebhotile ngokweesentimitha ngekoki engacinywa ngamanzi. 3. Khetha indawo evulelekileyo kumabala esikolo apho igeyiji yakho yemvula iya kukhuseleka khona. Faka igeyiji leyo emngxunyeni ze ibambeke emhlabeni. 4. Ngentsasa nganye (xa bekukhe kwanetha) cela abafundi bakho ukuba bayisuse ibhotile leyo ze bakhangele ukuba ingakanani na imvula abayiqokeleleyo ebhotileni. Basakugqiba ukubhala isixa semvula eso, bacele ukuba bawakhuphe amanzi lawo emvula, ze baphinde bayifake igeyiji yemvula kwindawo yayo. 60

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Ukwandisa uphando Ungalwandisa olu phando ngokujolisa kwizimanga zendalo yengingqi, umzekelo, izandyondyo zemvula ebusika, imililo yamadlelo ehlotyeni. Okanye mhlawumbi unganqwenela ukuseka ingxaki njengengxam yophando lwabafundi. Enye yeendlela ezihamba phambili onokwenza ngayo oku kukusebenzisa imifanekiso.

Ukusebenzisa imifanekiso nabafundi Kuya kufuneka ukuba uqokelele imifanekiso yemizekelo eyahlukileyo yemozulu ukuze uyisebenzise nabafundi bakho. Kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nemifanekiso engama-20 ubuncinane. Kananjalo kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nephepha elikhulu elinetshati kwakunye nekoki. Qala ngokukhetha umfanekiso omnye ukubonisa ukuba ufuna ukuba abafundi bakho benze ntoni na. Xhoma umfanekiso lowo kwitshati esephepheni. Qokelela abafundi ukuze beme ecaleni kwakho, bakungqonge ze bathethe ngomfanekiso lowo. Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga R okanye abeBanga 1, bhala amagqabantshintshi abakunika wona ngokwemaphu yeengcinga, ujikeleza umfanekiso lowo.

Ukuba usebenza nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, bacele ukuba bacinge ngemibuzo abanokuyibuza ngokuphathelele kumfanekiso lowo. Bhala imibuzo yabo ngokwemaphu yeengcinga / ngokweentambo zesigcawu ezingqonge umfanekiso. Besakuba becinge ngemibuzo embalwa abafundi bakho beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3, zama ukubacela ukuba bacinge ngeempendulo ezithile zemibuzo yabo. IPLANETHI YOMHLABA NOKUNGAPHAYA KWAYO

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Umsebenzi owongezelekileyo kunye nabafundi beBanga 2 okanye abeBanga 3

Okokuqala, sasaza imifanekiso phezu kwetafile. Emva koko ke xelela iklasi yakho ukuba ufuna umntu ngamnye ukuba makajonge emifanekisweni, kwaye ufuna umntu ngamnye ukuba akhethe into ibenye eyiyeyona ayithanda kakhulu. Kodwa yibethelele into yokuba akukho mntu uvumelekileyo ukuba makawuthathele kuye umfanekiso lowo awugcine. Kufuneka bayibeke imifanekiso leyo yabo etafileni. O Emva koko ke kufuneka umntwana ngamnye akhethe iqabane ze azise iqabane elo ngomfanekiso awukhethileyo. Loo nto ke iya kuthetha ukuba isibini ngasinye sixoxa ngemifanekiso emibini. O Emva koko ke eso sibini kufuneka sidibane nesinye isibini ukuze kwabelwane ngezimvo ngokuphathelele kule mifanekiso mine bayikhethileyo. O Emva koku, iqela ngalinye lezine kufuneka likhethe umfanekiso omnye kuphela kuleyo mine. Baxelele abafundi bakho ukuba baza kusebenza ngalo mfanekiso mnye njengeqela. Le nkqubo ibhida kakhulu, kodwa kumnandi ukuyenza. Abantwana kufuneka bacinge ze bathathe izigqibo. Kuya kufuneka bathetha-thethane xa baza kukhetha umfanekiso omnye kuphela. Ukanti ukuba kuthe kwakho iqela elililelinye elifuna ukusebenzisa lo mfanekiso mnye, loo nto ithetha ukuba kufuneka kuthethwathethwane kwakhona. Abafundi bakho baya kuzifuna kakhulu ezi zakhono kubomi babo. Ke ngoku cela abafundi ukuba baxoxe ngomfanekiso lowo bawukhethileyo. Nika iqela ngalinye uxwebhu lwephepha kwakunye neqhekeza lePrestiki ukuze bancamathisele umfanekiso lowo ephepheni. Kananjalo iqela ngalinye liya kufuna ikhrayoni okanye usiba. Xelela abafundi bakho ukuba bacinge ngayo yonke imibuzo abanokucinga ngayo. Bacele ukuba bacinge ngemibuzo eqala ngoYintoni, Phi, Nini, Njani kwakunye noKutheni. Baxelele ukuba babhale phantsi imibuzo yabo. Asakuba onke amaqela ekwazile ukubhala eminye yemibuzo, xelela amaqela lawo ukuba abelane ngezimvo ngomfanekiso kwakunye nemibuzo yawo kunye neklasi xa iyonke. Kananjalo usenokucela iklasi, okanye iqela elahlukileyo ukuba licinge ngeempendulo ezinokunikwa kwimibuzo leyo ibuzwe liqela elo.

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Ukucinga ngezandyondyo zemvula nezikhukula Kwenzeka ntoni xa kukho izandyondyo zemvula? O Ziba yintoni iziphumo? O Ucinga ukuba abantu baziva njani? O Yintoni abanokuyenza ukunqanda ukhukhuliseko? O Ingaba yintoni ababeyenza mandulo? O Zolwakhiwo kokusingqongileyo – indledlana yeenyawo eyakhiweyo – indawo yokuhamba iinqwelo O Abafundi beBanga 3 banokubhalela iBhunga leSixeko.

Yintoni esiyifundileyo? Lisakuphela ixesha lolu phando, kufuneka ubambe ingxoxo kunye nabafundi ze nithethe ngokuba yintoni efundwe yiklasi. Jongani ibhodi yocwangciso ebeniyisebenzisile kunye nabafundi bakho kolu phando. Cela abafundi bakho ukuba bathethe ze banike ingxelo ngeziphumo zophando. Yintoni abayifumanisileyo? Yintoni abayifundileyo? Yeyiphi enye into abanokuthanda ukuyazi? Banokufumanisa njani ngayo? Le yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kolu phando. Yinto abathi ooSonzululwazi bayenze xa besenza uphando lwabo. Ukuba sizimisele malunga nokwenza abafundi bethu bacinge ze benze izenzo ezenziwa ngooSonzululwazi, asikwazi ukuyityeshela le ndawo.

Le mifanekiso iyafumaneka kwa-PSP

IPLANETHI YOMHLABA NOKUNGAPHAYA KWAYO

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Isiqukumbelo Sithemba ukuba uya kuyifumana le ncwadana iluncedo olukhulu, ze ibe nempembelelo kuwe ekwabelaneni kwakho nabafundi bakho ngezeNzululwazi. Sithemba ukuba ulonwabele uphando obulwenza nabafundi bakho. Kambe sikwathemba ukuba iingcebiso esizenzileyo zikukhuthazile ukuze uphande eminye imibuzo abanayo abafundi bakho. Siyazi ukuba ootitshala abaninzi besiGaba sesiSeko bayabakhuthaza abafundi babo ukuba baphonononge kwaye bafunde ngehlabathi labo. Le nto ibaluleke kakhulu. Abantwana abancinane bathe qwa kwaye banomdla kakhulu ngokubangqongileyo. Kufuneka sivule isithuba kusuku oluxakekileyo lwesikolo, kwaye sidale namathuba okuba abafundi bethu balandele imibuzo yabo kwaye bahlole nangakumbi ngenkxaso yethu. Kule ncwadana sicebise ngeendlela zokuhlanganisa uphando kunye neminye imimandla yokufunda. Ikharityhulamu yesizwe isicela ukuba sihlanganise imimandla yokufunda. Kambe ezeNzululwazi zisinika amathuba amaninzi natyebileyo okunxulumanisa iLitheresi kwakunye neNyumerasi. Singakwazi ukuba sibalise amabali siwafake kuphando lwezeNzululwazi. EzeNzululwazi zisinika isigama kwakunye namathuba okuba sandise kwaye siphuhlise ukusetyenziswa kolwimi ngabafundi. Xa kuthethwa ngokuphuhlisa nokwandiswa kolwimi kwakunye nelitheresi kubafundi bethu, oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka sibanike izicatshulwa ezinomdla nezinyanisekileyo abaza kusebenza ngazo. EzeNzululwazi ziveza kwaye zinike umxholo nomongo wezi zicatshulwa. Kambe uphando oluninzi lufuna ukuba silinganise kwaye sisebenzise neengqiqo zamanani kunye nezakhono. Ukuba abafundi bethu beSigaba sesiSeko sibanika ummandla nesithuba sokuhlola ze baphande ngehlabathi labo, baya kuba nomdla kakhulu kwaye balonwabele eli solotya lekharityhulamu. Kananjalo siya kube sibalungiselela amava azayo kwiNzululwazi yezeNdalo abaya kuhlangana nawo kwikhondo labo lasesikolweni. Kambe kwazi bani? Mhlawumbi omnye wabantwana esibafundisayo angaphela enguSonzululwazi obalulekileyo kwixa elizayo. Into ebalulekileyo nengamandla kukuba masibavulele amathuba sibaxhase xa bephonononga kwaye behlola, bekwafunisela nangehlabathi labo

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ISIHLOMELO A m a p h e p h a o k u p h o n o n o n g a – isiXhosa Igama loSonzululwazi Ndajonga

.........................................

.................................................. Ndaqaphela ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................

ISIHLOMELO

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Igama loSonzululwazi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ndajonga

..................................................

Ndabona .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... 66

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Endikuqapheleyo Umhla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ndajonga .......................................................... .......................................................... Umfanekiso wento endiyibonileyo

Nazi izinto endiziqapheleyo: .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ISIHLOMELO

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A m a p h e p h a o k u p h o n o n o n g a – English Name of Scientist I looked at

............................................

.................................................

I noticed .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... 68

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Observation Date

...................

I looked at .......................................................... .......................................................... A picture of what I saw

Here are some things I noticed: .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ISIHLOMELO

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Name of Scientist I looked at

...........................................

................................................. I noticed ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................

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A m a p h e p h a o k u p h o n o n o n g a – Afrikaans

Naam van Wetenskaplike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ek kyk na

.................................................. Ek het opgemerk ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................

ISIHLOMELO

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Naam van Wetenskaplike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ek kyk na

..................................................

Ek het opgemerk .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... 72

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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Waarneming Datum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ek kyk na .......................................................... .......................................................... ’n Prent van wat ek sien

Hier is ’n paar dinge wat ek opgemerk het .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ISIHLOMELO

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74

Yintoni ESIFUNA ukuyazi?

Yintoni ESIYIFUNDILEYO?

9/13/09 4:41 PM

iTshati ye-L-F-C-N-F

Loluphi ULWAZI esele sinalo?

Ukucwangcisa nokuphanda nabafundi besiGaba sesiSeko

iTshati ye-L-F-F

FPSc Xhosa2 Page 74

UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

ISIHLOMELO

Loluphi ULWAZI esele sinalo?

Yintoni ESIFUNA ukuyazi?

Yintoni ESIYICINGAYO?

Singayifumanisa NJANI le nto?

Yintoni ESIYIFUNDILEYO?

Ukucwangcisa nokuphanda nabafundi besiGaba esisisiSeko

iTshati ye-L-F-C-N-F

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Amalahle etotshi

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Iibhalbhu zetotshi

ISIHLOMELO

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Imodeli yebhalbhu yetotshi

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Iindlela ezintlanu zokwenza ukuba ibhalbhu yetotshi ilayite

Mhlawumbi bangazifumanisa ezi ndlela ngokunokwabo ngokumana bezama.

Kodwa hayi le

Okanye le

Kukhangeleka ngokungathi abaqondi ukuba ibhalbhu ingalayita nokuba ilaliswe ngecala. Ukuba kuthe kanti unabafundi abazikisayo ukucinga eklasini yakho, mhlawumbi ungafumana iqela elinye okanye amabini azichanayo nezi iindlela.

ISIHLOMELO

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isiBhadlalala seMbukumbuku yoMnqathe oMkhulu Ngokubhalwa nguLeo Tolstoy

Kudala-dala kwaye kukho ixhego elithile elatyala igaqana lomnqathe othile obizwa ngokuba yitheniphu Khula, “Khula theniphu encinane, khula ube mnandi. Khula, khula, khula theniphu encinane, khula womelele.” Yenjenjalo ke nayo itheniphu ukukhula, yakhula yamnandi kwaye yomelela, yasisibhadlalala esikhulukazi. Kwathi ngenye imini, eli xhego laya kuyitsala itheniphu yalo. Layitsala, layitsala, kodwa ayatsho ukutsaleka itheniphu. Ixhego laye labiza ixhegokazi lalo. Ixhegokazi laye latsala ixhego. Ixhego laze latsala itheniphu. Baphinda batsala kwakhona, ayaze yatsho itheniphu ukuza. Ixhegokazi laqonda ukuba malibize umzukulwana walo. Umzukulwana watsala ixhegwazana. Lona ixhegwazana latsala ixhego. Ixhego lona latsala itheniphu. Baphinda batsala, batsala, kodwa ayaze itsho ukuphuma itheniphhu. Umzukulwana wabiza inja yakhe emnyama. Inja yatsala umzukulwana. Umzukulwana watsala ixhegwazana. Ixhegwazana latsala ixhego. Ixhego latsala itheniphu. Baphinda batsala, batsala, ayatsho ukuza itheniphu. Inja yabiza ikati. Ikati yatsala inja. Inja yatsala umzukulwana. Umzukulwana watsala ixhegwazana. Laza ke ixhegwazana latsala ixhego. Xhego elo latsala itheniphu. Baqhubeka betsala, batsala, batsala, kodwa nkqi ukuphuma itheniphu. Ikati yabiza impuku. Impuku yatsala ikati. Ikati yatsala inja. Inja yatsala umzukulwana. Umzukulwana watsala ixhegwazana. Laza ke ixhegwazana latsala ixhego. Xhego elo latsala itheniphu. Ngelingeni bhuncu, phumiyane loo mbukumbuku yetheniphu.

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AmaKhadi oMsebenzi

Zinto zini ezifuna ukuTyhalwa? Zinto zini ezifuna ukuTsalwa? Zinto zini ezifuna ukuJijwa? Phanda ngoko ukufumana ebhokisini. Zinto zini ezifuna ukutyhalwa? Zihlanganise ndawonye Zinto zini ezifuna ukutsalwa? Zihlanganise ndawonye Zinto zini ezifuna ukujijwa? Zihlanganise ndawonye Zoba into nganye efuna ukutyhalwa kuluhlu loTyhalo. Zoba into nganye efuna ukutsalwa kuluhlu loTsalo. Zoba into nganye efuna ukujijwa kuluhlu loJijo.

Yeyiphi eyona nqwelo ibaleka umgama omde? Makubekho umntu oza kuba ngumbekisi. Bonke abanye abantu aba mabathathe iinqwelo ibenye umntu ngamnye. Bekani iinqwelo zenu kumgca ekuqaliswa kuwo. Asakuthi umbekisi, “Maziye!” wonke umntu makayithi nti nje kubekanye inqwelo yakhe. Yeyiphi eyona nqwelo ibaleka ngesantya esikhulu? Kutheni? Yeyiphi eyona inqwelo ibaleka umgama omde? Kutheni? Ihambe umgama ongakanani inqwelo nganye? Linganisela umgama obalekwe yinqwelo nganye ngeteyiphu yokuthatha imilinganiselo. ISIHLOMELO

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Amabhastile Ungalenza njani ukuba ibhastile lihambe? Yintoni omawuyenze ukuze ibhastile lihambe? Fumana iindlela ezahlukileyo zokwenza ukuba ibhastile lihambe. Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ingcono kunezinye? Kutheni le yona indlela ingcono kunezinye?

Iidilesi eziluncedo Clay Supplier Kiln Contracts (Pty) Ltd 11 Celie Road Retreat 7945 Cape Town Tel: (021) 701-6682 Science Equipment Rutland Industries PO Box 27036 Benrose 2011 Johannesburg Tel: (011) 618-3646 Fax: (011) 614-9810 Kirstenbosch Outreach Greening Programme Tel: (021) 799-874; (021) 799-8670

82

Clip-Clop Fiona & Chris Berensford PO Box 2735 Clareinch 7740 Cape Town Tel: (021 671 6686 Fax: (088) 021 671 6686 Planetarium Iziko South African Museum 25 Queen Victoria Street Gardens 8001 Cape Town Tel: (021) 481-3822 South African Astronomical Observatory Observatory Road Observatory 7935 Cape Town Tel: (021) 447-0025

UPHANDO NABAFUNDI BESIGABA SESISEKO

ICawe

UMvulo

ISIHLOMELO

ULwesibini

ULwesithathu

ULwesine

IKhalenda yokuJonga iNyanga ULwesihlanu

UMgqibelo

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83

84

Yintoni eyona nto yenzekileyo Uqikelelo Yintoni eyona nto yenzekileyo

Uqikelelo

Yintoni eyona nto yenzekileyo Uqikelelo Yintoni eyona nto yenzekileyo

Uqikelelo

Yintoni eyona nto yenzekileyo Uqikelelo Yintoni eyona nto yenzekileyo

Uqikelelo

Yintoni eyona nto yenzekileyo Uqikelelo Yintoni eyona nto yenzekileyo

ULwesine

ULwesihlanu

4:41 PM

Uqikelelo

ULwesithathu

9/13/09

Yintoni eyona nto yenzekileyo Uqikelelo Yintoni eyona nto yenzekileyo

Uqikelelo

ULwesibini

Uqikelelo Yintoni Uqikelelo Yintoni Uqikelelo Yintoni Uqikelelo Yintoni Uqikelelo Yintoni eyona nto eyona nto eyona nto eyona nto eyona nto yenzekileyo yenzekileyo yenzekileyo yenzekileyo yenzekileyo

UMvulo

Imozulu yethu

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IsiPhumo sesiFundo: UPhando lwezeNzululwazi Abafundi basebenza ngokuzithemba ekufuneni ulwazi ngezenzeko zendalo; baphanda ulwalamano nokusombulula iingxaki kwiimeko zenzululwazi, kwezobuchwepheshe nakwezommandla obangqongileyo.

Izinga leBanga R

Izinga leBanga 1

Izinga leBanga 2

Izinga leBanga 3

Umfundi ucwangcisa uphando njengelungu leqela.

Umfundi usebenzisa izinto ezikhethwe liqela ukuze abe nokuthetha ngesicwangciso seqela

Ukucwangcisa uphando Umfundi unenxaxheba ayithabathayo ekucwangcisweni komsebenzi wophando.

Umfundi ucwangcisa uphando ngokuzimeleyo.

Ukwenza uphando nokuqokelela iinkcukacha Umfundi uthabatha Umfundi uthabatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi inxaxheba ocwangcisiweyo. ngokuzimeleyo kumsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo.

Umfundi uthatha inxaxheba ngokuzimeleyo okanye njengelungu leqela kumsebenzi ocwangcisiweyo.

Umfundi uthabatha inxaxheba ngokwakhayo emsebenzini kwaye eyiqonda injongo yawo.

Ukuhluza iinkcukacha nokuthetha ngeziphumo Umfundi ucinga ze athethe ngoko kwenziweyo.

ISIHLOMELO

Umfundi ucinga ngoko kwenziweyo ze athethe ngoko kufunyanisiweyo.

Umfundi ubonakalisa ze acacise oko bekunqwenelwa nendlela okwenziwe ngayo.

Umfundi ucacisa ze acamngce ngezenzo ebezinqwenelwa, nokuba ingaba ibikho indlela yokufezekiswa kwesicwangciso kusini na.

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Iingqiqo kwakunye nolwazi olungundoqo lweNzululwazi yezeNdalo kwisiGaba seSiseko

INkqunto (Matter) neziNto ezinomsebenzi Iimpawu kwakunye nemisebenzi yezinto ezinomsebenzi

Ubume, indlela ezisabela ngayo kwakunye neenguqu zezinto ezinomsebenzi

Inkcazelo: Singazihlela izinto ezinomsebenzi ngeempawu zazo ukuze sifumanise iintlobo kwakunye nezimbo zazo. Iimpawu zimisela indlela yokukhethwa kwezinto ezinomsebenzi, zikhethelwa imisebenzi ethile.

Inkcazelo: Singazihlaziya izinto ezinomsebenzi ngeendlela esikhetha ngazo, siqhutywa kukuqonda kwethu izakhiwo zazo ezikwiqondo elisezantsi.

O Izinto ezinomsebenzi zineempawu ezahlukileyo ezinjengoburhabaxa nokuguda, umbala, amandla kwakunye nobunzima, kwaye zinokuhlelwa ngokwezi mpawu. “Senza izinto ngezinto ezinomsebenzi ezineempawu esizifunayo.”

O Into ingaxutywa nenye into kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inguqu zingabonakala, ezinjengokunyibilika kwesiqina okanye ukuvela komnye umbala xa kuhonjiswa ukutya ngombala/xa kuxutywe iipeyinti ezahlukileyo.

Ubomi neMpilo Iinkqubo zobomi kwakunye nempilo entle

Inkcazelo: Izinto eziphilayo kuqukwa abantu, kunye neziphili ezincinane ezingabonakaliyo, zingaqondwa kuphela ngokweenkqubo zobomi, iiyunithi ezisetyenziswayo kwakunye nezixokelelwano.

Ubudlelwane kokusingqongileyo

Iyantlukwano kwizityalo nezilwanyana endalweni, iinguqu kwakunye nokuqhubekela phambili

Inkcazelo: Iziphili ezikwisixokelelwano sendalo ukuze ziphile zixhomekeke kubukho beemeko ezingenabomi kwakunye nonxulumano lwazo nezinye iziphili.

Inkcazelo: Iyantlukwano enkulu kwizimo zobomi ingaqondwa xa kulandelwa imbali yenguqu kokusingqongileyo kwakunye neempawu zezityalo nezilwanyana kwihlabathi lonke kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.

O Amalungu emizimba yethu O Sixhomekeke kwizityalo amaninzi ayafumaneka kwaye nakwizilwanyana ukuze ayafana namalungu amaninzi sifumane ukutya kwaye sithi emizimba yezilwanyana, sifuye izilwanyana ze sityale njengeembambo, iintloko, izityalo ezithile ukuze sivune amehlo, iindlebe, iinyawo, ngexesha elifanelekileyo. kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi O Sibona iyantlukwano izilwanyana ziwasebenzisela la ngokweenkcubeko zabantu malungu imisebenzi efanayo ngokuphathelele kukutya nesiwasebenzisela yona abantu abakutyayo. awethu amalungu. O Ezinye izilwanyana O Izilwanyana kwakunye ezinjengeempukane nezityalo zineemfuno ezifanayo kwakunye namakhalane nezethu, njengokutya, amanzi zithwala iintsholongwane kunye nomoya. ezenza abantu bagule.

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O Kukho izilwanyana nezityalo ezininzi ezahlukileyo ezinezinto ezininzi nezibonakalayo ezahluke ngazo, kodwa zibe zinezinto ezifana ngazo, nezithi zihlelwe ngokwezi zinto zifana ngazo. O Izityalo nezilwanyana ziyatshintsha ngokokukhula kwazo, ngokokuhamba kweminyaka nangokutshintsha kwamaxesha onyaka.

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I-Eneji neNguquko Izikhupheli-eneji kwakunye neenkqubo

I-Eneji kwakunye noPhuhliso eMzantsi Afrika

Inkcazelo: I-eneji ikhutshelwa ngokweenkqubo zebhayoloji okanye ezendalo, ukusuka kwimithombo ye-eneji. Kukho ezinye iintlobo ze-eneji ezithi zinqongophale ukuba singazisebenzisa ngenxa yohlobo lwesikhupheli-eneji ngasinye, yiyo loo nto ke kufuneka siyazile indlela yokulawula

isikhupheli-eneji ngasinye.

O Xa sisithi ‘siziva sine-eneji eninzi’, sithetha ukuba siziva sinamandla kwaye silungele ukwenza iintshukumo ezithile ngokukhawuleza okanye senze umsebenzi omninzi.

O Abantu abangafumani kutya kwaneleyo okanye abo bangafumani ntlobo zokutya ezilungileyo, basoloko beziva bedangele okanye bediniwe kwaye bengenamandla.

Inkcazelo: Kukho imithombo ye-eneji embalwa apho kufumaneka i-eneji khona, ngoko ke uphuhliso olusisigxina lwamazwe akummandla wethu luxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni ngobulumko kwemithombo ye-eneji.

IPlanethi yoMhlaba nokuNgaphaya kwayo Indawo yethu kwindawo ekujikeleza kuyo ihlabathi

I-atmosfera nemozulu

Umhlaba oGuqukayo

Inkcazelo: Iplanethi yethu yinxalenye encinane kwisixokelelwano esikhulu selanga nezijikelezi zalo kwingqumba enkulu yeenkwenkwezi esemajukujukwini.

Inkcazelo: I-atmosfera sisixokelelwano esinxibelelana nomhlaba, amachweba kunye neelwandle ze sithumele ieneji kunye namanzi ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye.

Inkcazelo: Umhlaba wenziwe ngezinto ezinomsebenzi ezithe gqolo ukuguqulwa zizinto ezithile ezinamandla ezingaphezulu nangaphantsi komhlaba.

O Kukho izinto ezininzi ezahlukileyo ezinokubonwa esibhakabhakeni. Imizekelo yazo ziintaka, amafu, iinqwelo-moya, ilanga, iinkwenkwezi, inyanga, iplanethi kwakunye neziphekepheke. Zonke ezi zinto zineempawu, iindawo ezikuzo kwakunye neentshukumo ezizenzayo ekunokuphandwa ngazo ukuze kufunyaniswe izimbo zazo, ulwalamano kwakunye nobume bazo.

O Imozulu itshintsha mihla le O Umhlaba kwakunye namatye kwaye iguquka ngendlela ayehluka ngokwenkangeleko, apha enokuqikeleleka ngokuguda noburhabaxa ngamanye amaxesha ze ukusuka kwenye indawo ibhalwe phantsi. Kodwa ukuya kwenye. Ngophando, kukho izehlo zemozulu abafundi bangafumanisa engaqhelekanga ukuba umhlaba othile ezinjengezikhukhula, ukhukuliseka lula kunomnye, izaqhwithi, iinkanyamba ngeli xa kolunye uhlobo nezichotho ezithi zibe lomhlaba kukhula ngcono nempembelelo kwimpilo izityalo kunolunye uhlobo. yabantu. Bangaphanda ngokuba zeziphi ezinye iimeko ezibandakanyekayo koku okanye ezidala le yantlukwano.

ISIHLOMELO

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Ootitshala besiGaba sesiSeko abathe bathabatha inxaxheba kule projekthi iqhube iminyaka emi-3 ALPINE Ms Lavona Allies Ms Cheryl Bocks Ms Valencia Daniels Ms Shahida Davids Ms Audrey Dryding Ms Ida George Ms Zelma Johnson Ms Faldielah Khatieb Ms Sukaina Mitchell Ms Rosina Pontac Ms Belinda Tarantal Ms Magdelena Weitz Ms Linda Wildeman DIETRICH MORAVIAN Ms Kathleen Boltney Ms Jean Cloete Ms Sarah Genever Ms Teresa Jacobus HILLWOOD Ms G Basson Ms Maria Botha Ms Kathleen Bouwer Ms Felicia Clayton (Klein) Ms Wilma Cloete Ms Martha Damons Ms Martha Julies Ms Marlene Levine (Esterhuizen) Ms E Manasse Ms Reginette Marais Ms C Matthews Ms Freda Mellem Ms Marlene Morgan INTSHINGA Ms Nonkosi Daweti Ms N Madlingozi Ms Maureen Makiva Ms L Matiwane Ms N Matrose

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Ms Mgumane Ms T Ngudle Ms Mandisa Peko Ms Rorwana

Ms Petersen Ms Jackie Roman Ms Sharifa Smith Ms Anna-Marie Willemse

LINGE Ms Ntombizodwa Galo Ms Nomonde Gxabela Ms Noxolo Hina Ms Nothemba Jay Ms Mandisa Lali Ms Alicia Lupuwana Ms Nozuko Maqungo Ms Nonyameko Ncosani Ms Ntombomzi Ntozini Ms Vinah Qhina Ms Ntombi Veleko Ms Nombulelo Xhego

PHILIPPI K (ZANEMFUNDO) Ms Ntombodidi Cabane Ms Nosipho Dondolo Ms Hombakazi Kula Ms Nokuthula Mandindi Ms Lillian Mankayi Ms Phumza Mgetu Ms Mutiwe Mguzulo Ms Nozuko Mtshekexe Ms Ntombizilungile Ndzube Ms Thobeka Notshulwana Ms Nomvuyiseko Ntshonga Ms Feziwe Nyengane Ms Nontombizanele Potwana Ms Theliswa Sibawu Ms Bulelwa Sibozo Ms Nomaindia Sotondashe

NOMLINGANISELO Ms Nontobeko Malotana Ms Nomonde Manyelana Ms Nonkumbulelo Mayeki Ms Nontombi Mdani Ms Patiswa Mpetsheni Ms CN Msebe Ms NC Ndevana Ms TC Nontulo Ms Ntamo Ms Lindiwe Plam Ms N Windvoel Ms NM Yekiso NORTHWOOD Ms R Adams Ms Bonita Daries Ms De Bryn Ms Avril Dixon Ms Danree Hector Ms H Hull Ms Cheryl Johannes Ms Amina Patel

UKHANYO Ms Zola Bonga Ms Lumka Gcuze Ms L Jafta Ms Bulelwa Koni Ms Phumzile Luthuli Ms Bongiwe Mtintsilana Ms Ndileka Mvandaba Ms Siphokazi Ntinga Ms Nosipho Nyaba Ms Linda Nyengane Ms Dolly Pudumo Ms Kholeka Sishuba Ms Thozama Songwiqi Ms Nobalindi Yukutwana

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ITRASTI YENKQUBO YEZENZULULWAZI YEZABAMABANGA APHANTSI ENTSHONA KOLONI (I-PSP) I-PSP ngumbutho woqeqesho lwemfundo kwasele besemsebenzini onika inkxaso ootitshala bezikolo zamabanga aphantsi ngakumbi izikolo ezisezilokishini zeleNtshona Koloni, kummandla wokufunda wezeNzululwazi yezeNdalo kwakunye neminye imimandla yokufunda ehambelana nawo. Lo mbutho uzinze e-Edith Stephens Wetland Park, ePhillipi, ekufutshane neendawo ezininzi ezihlala uluntu oluhluphekayo kwelaseKapa. I-PSP isebenze ukusuka ngo-1984 kwaye sele yakhe intsebenziswano nobudlelwane obuhle nezikolo zamabanga aphantsi ezingama-200 kuzo zonke iindawo ezineeelokishi, kuqukwa iindawo zasemaphandleni zaseBoland kunye nezaseWest Coast. Ngaphezulu kwe-1050 lootitshala bamaBanga 4 ukuya kwele-7 kunye nabantwana abangama-126, 000 bazuze lukhulu kumsebenzi wePSP. I-PSP isebenza kwiimeko apho ootitshala nabantwana abaninzi kufuneka bengasebenzisanga ulwimi lwabo lwenkobe, okanye isiNgesi kubo ilulwimi olongezelelekileyo lokuqala okanye olwesibini. Ngako oko ke sikwasebenzela nokulola izakhono zonxibelelwano zabafudi lo gama sijolise kwimimandla yokufunda enxulumene nezobunzululwazi kunye nezendalo nokusingqongileyo. Okwakaloku nje I-PSP inabasebenza abali-10 esebenza ngabo. IINKCUKACHA ZONXIBELELWANO Western Cape Primary Science Programme (PSP) Edith Stephens Wetland Park Lansdowne Road Philippi, Cape Flats, 7785 P.O. Box 24158 Lansdowne 7779 South Africa Tel: (021) 6919039 - Fax: (021) 6916350 e-mail: [email protected] (website: www.psp.org.za) NPO: 015-822 Registration Number: IT2806/99

ISBN 978-0-9814425-2-5