Unit 2b.3 And 2b.5
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Human beings are one of the most defenseless animals.
We lack sharp teeth, claws, speed, etc.
What we do have is a superior brain.
Make tools to compensate for what we don’t have.
Bones, animal teeth, stones, and wood are some materials used. It is believed that man first discovered gold and silver.
They found these metals beautiful, but too soft to be used for anything utilitarian (having a useful function).
About 10,000 years ago man discovered and used another metals- copper
Soft- used for decorations
Around 3800 B.C- man discovered tin Useless in its raw form Alloyed with Copper, a tough metal was created
Metal Alloys are a mixture containing two or more
metallic or non-metallic elements usually fused together when in a molten form.
Birth
of the Bronze age.
Eventually mankind discovered iron ore, and developed the techniques for extracted iron from that ore. Iron age was born around the 12th century B.C. Humans experimenting with iron forging techniques developed the first iron alloy- steel. Steel is an alloy between iron and carbon. Other metals are added to modern steel for strength and higher melting point.
How does the history of the discovery of metals relate to chemistry?
In the last unit you learned that the alkali metals were the most reactive metals. You also learned that most metals react with acid. Some of you may have also noticed a reaction between your unknown samples and the CuCl2 What determines how and with what a metal reacts?
One way to study the reactivity of metals is to test how they react with oxygen Oxygen is plentiful Need for combustion.
Copper vs. Magnesium Demo Compare this to gold.
Does Au tarnish easily?
Rank the reactivity of Au, Cu, and Mg? Which do you think will be used for jewelry, and for the wires and electrical contacts in expensive electronic devices, and car air bags?
Table on page 121 that ranks how reactive a metal is.
Notice that Lithium is at the top of the list Most reactive metal Never found free in nature Extracted by expensive electrometallurgical extraction Electricity passed though ore Expensive to store: highly reactive with air
Gold is at the bottom of the list Least reactive Used in jewelry, sensitive electrical components, art Can be found free in nature or in ore Extracted by heating ore
What determines how metals are found in nature? Reactivity
More reactive metals found in ores. Harder/ more difficult to process
Less reactive metals found “free” Easier to process
Refer to page 121 in textbook for Activity Series
An activity series can be used to predict whether or not a reaction will take place. In you last lab Unknown G was Zn metal. You all should have seen a reaction between the Zn and the CuCl2 solution. Look at Zn and Cu on the activity series table. Notice Zn is above Cu on the table
In general, atoms of a more reactive metal (higher on the table) will cause ions of a less reactive metal to be converted to its metallic form. Christmas Ornament Activity after Thanksgiving Break (maybe?).
Do you see the relationship between how reactive a metal is, and when it was discovered by man? Do you see the relationship between how reactive a metal is, and how difficult it is to extract?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
What trend in metallic reactivity to you see as you go from left to tight across a period? Where are the most reactive metals on the P.T.? Where are the least reactive metals found on the P.T.? Will iron metal react with a Lead (II) nitrate solution? Explain. Will platinum metal react with the lead (II) nitrate solution? Explain. Which are less expensive, more reactive or less reactive metals? Why would reactivity influence the price?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Finish Pre-lab MUST BE DONE IN NOTEBOOKS. Any
pre-labs done on loose paper will lose half of your points.
We lack sharp teeth, claws, speed, etc.
What we do have is a superior brain.
Make tools to compensate for what we don’t have.
Bones, animal teeth, stones, and wood are some materials used. It is believed that man first discovered gold and silver.
They found these metals beautiful, but too soft to be used for anything utilitarian (having a useful function).
About 10,000 years ago man discovered and used another metals- copper
Soft- used for decorations
Around 3800 B.C- man discovered tin Useless in its raw form Alloyed with Copper, a tough metal was created
Metal Alloys are a mixture containing two or more
metallic or non-metallic elements usually fused together when in a molten form.
Birth
of the Bronze age.
Eventually mankind discovered iron ore, and developed the techniques for extracted iron from that ore. Iron age was born around the 12th century B.C. Humans experimenting with iron forging techniques developed the first iron alloy- steel. Steel is an alloy between iron and carbon. Other metals are added to modern steel for strength and higher melting point.
How does the history of the discovery of metals relate to chemistry?
In the last unit you learned that the alkali metals were the most reactive metals. You also learned that most metals react with acid. Some of you may have also noticed a reaction between your unknown samples and the CuCl2 What determines how and with what a metal reacts?
One way to study the reactivity of metals is to test how they react with oxygen Oxygen is plentiful Need for combustion.
Copper vs. Magnesium Demo Compare this to gold.
Does Au tarnish easily?
Rank the reactivity of Au, Cu, and Mg? Which do you think will be used for jewelry, and for the wires and electrical contacts in expensive electronic devices, and car air bags?
Table on page 121 that ranks how reactive a metal is.
Notice that Lithium is at the top of the list Most reactive metal Never found free in nature Extracted by expensive electrometallurgical extraction Electricity passed though ore Expensive to store: highly reactive with air
Gold is at the bottom of the list Least reactive Used in jewelry, sensitive electrical components, art Can be found free in nature or in ore Extracted by heating ore
What determines how metals are found in nature? Reactivity
More reactive metals found in ores. Harder/ more difficult to process
Less reactive metals found “free” Easier to process
Refer to page 121 in textbook for Activity Series
An activity series can be used to predict whether or not a reaction will take place. In you last lab Unknown G was Zn metal. You all should have seen a reaction between the Zn and the CuCl2 solution. Look at Zn and Cu on the activity series table. Notice Zn is above Cu on the table
In general, atoms of a more reactive metal (higher on the table) will cause ions of a less reactive metal to be converted to its metallic form. Christmas Ornament Activity after Thanksgiving Break (maybe?).
Do you see the relationship between how reactive a metal is, and when it was discovered by man? Do you see the relationship between how reactive a metal is, and how difficult it is to extract?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
What trend in metallic reactivity to you see as you go from left to tight across a period? Where are the most reactive metals on the P.T.? Where are the least reactive metals found on the P.T.? Will iron metal react with a Lead (II) nitrate solution? Explain. Will platinum metal react with the lead (II) nitrate solution? Explain. Which are less expensive, more reactive or less reactive metals? Why would reactivity influence the price?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Finish Pre-lab MUST BE DONE IN NOTEBOOKS. Any
pre-labs done on loose paper will lose half of your points.
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