Unal Turkey Earthquake Power Point Presentation

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Dr. Z.Gül Ünal Yildiz Technical University Faculty of Architecture Restoration Department National Commitee Member of ICOMOS/TURKEY 1994 US/ICOMOS Intern Member of GEA Search and Rescue Team - Turkey

1 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Marmara Earthquake - 1999 2

New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Marmara Earthquake - August 17 1999 17,840 lost their lives and 43,530 were injured Approximately 77,000 buildings were severely damaged The disaster affected directly or indirectly around 16 million people. 10-15 billion USD primary economy loss 3 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Marmara Earthquake - 1999

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New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Marmara Earthquake – 1999 photo. mehmet cansoy 5 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Marmara Earthquake - 1999

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New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Marmara Earthquake - 1999

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New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Marmara Earthquake - 1999 photo. mehmet cansoy 8 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

9 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Marmara Earthquake – 1999 photo. necmiye cansoy 10 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Earthquake damage in Istanbul Historical Peninsula (illustration date unknown) 11

New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

TURKEY and EARTHQUAKE in FIGURES The frequency of an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.5 in Richter scale: 0.76 (6th in the world) Yearly average population living through the disaster : 2,745,757 (8th in the world) Loss of life in ratio with population (million) : 15,58 (4th in the world) 12 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

A. Factors Increasing the Destructive Effects of Marmara Earthquake `99

13 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Unplanned and uncontrolled development of new settlement areas

14 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Higher population density in these large settlements with uncontrolled development

15 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Failure to apply the earthquake regulations in constructions in regions with a high risk of disaster

16 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Failure to work on risk reduction on present buildings, including the historic buildings in the region,

17 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Due to the fact that the works related to disaster management are not widely spread, local authorities and NGOs are not equipped adequately for disasters 18 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Not having a national emergency action plan and having problems in distribution of actual roles

19 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

B. Disaster Management Problems Faced After the Disaster Marmara Earthquake

20 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

During the first few hours, the communication with the disaster area is disabled

21 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Due to the problems in the main transportation axes, search and rescue teams and aids can not arrive the disaster area fast enough

22 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Incoordination of operations of different search and rescue teams

23 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Inefficiency in search and rescue operations due to lighting problems during nights

24 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Delay in official procedures and permissions for aid

25 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Inadequate logistic supports at the first phase

26 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Completing legal procedures for aid and rehabilitation in these areas; coordinating, organizing and auditing these, and rehabilitation works after the disaster 27 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

A reliable inventory of loss of life and property was not made because the data of the situation before the disaster was not efficient

28 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

LEGAL REGULATIONS REALIZED COUNTRYWIDE Law of Mandatory Earthquake Insurance – law 587 Date - 1999 Aim - Authority of Natural Disasters Insurances is founded with the support of the Turkish Government and The World Bank. The aim is to solve the problem of earthquake insurance in developing countries with a high risk of disaster, and to reduce the loss through insurance. Partner - The World Bank 29 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

LEGAL REGULATIONS REALIZED COUNTRYWIDE

Law of Professional Competency - law 601 Date - 2000 Aim - To audit the professional competency of civil engineers and architects that work directly on construction through exams

30 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

LEGAL REGULATIONS REALIZED COUNTRYWIDE Law of Building Inspection - law 4721 Date: 2001 Aim: Regulating the quality building production

31 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

LEGAL REGULATIONS REALIZED COUNTRYWIDE Establishment of Disaster and Emergency Management Directorate Aim: It aims to gather all powers related to risk and crisis management and reduction of damage during a disaster that could take place in the country, under one institution. Accordingly, it is suggested to establish the Disaster and Emergency Management Directorate which joins three important institutions on disasters in Turkey, under Prime Ministry. Date: The law is being voted in The Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM) 32 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

PROJECTS REALISED FOR ISTANBUL ISMEP - Istanbul Seismic Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project Date: It went in effect in February 2006, and its application has begun. Aim: To initiate the process of preparation of Istanbul for an earthquake which is expected to happen within 10-20 years. The project carries out studies with the major titles: - Preparation for emergencies, - Reduction of seismic hazards in public spaces, - Reinforcement of building foundations. It is aimed to execute risk reduction in heritage sites and historic buildings, reinforcement for earthquake, development of response plan in the context of this project. Partner : JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) 33 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

ISMEP Istanbul Seismic Risk Mitigation and Emergency Preparedness Project

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Communicati on systems

INFRAINFRASTRUCTURE Seaport, airport

SUPER STRUCTURE Public buildings

Road, bridge Emergency Information System Development of capacity of interventions

Natural gas Electricity Water Sewage Other

Industrial estates and buildings HousesOffices

HISTORIC BUILDINGS

LEGISLATIONLEGISLATIONRESEARCHES

Ministry of Culture

Law for Construction Zoning and Urban Development

Gen. Dir. of Foundations

Bld Reinforcement Regulation

Metropolitan Municipality

Ground Rehabilitation Regulation

TGNA Private ownership

Natural Disasters Insurance Foundation

EDUCATION & PARTICIPATION Public awareness Decision makers Civil servants Private sector

Construction Zoning Rights Transfer

• Inventory • Priority • Multi-disaster risk evaluation • Cooperation (Historians, architects, applications abroad, international agreements) • Pilot schemes

Law of Building Inspection Condominium Law Researches

• Socio-economical • Participation Tendency

• Environmental Impact

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New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

PROJECTS REALISED FOR ISTANBUL Earthquake Master Plan for Istanbul Date: July 2003 Aim: It aims to create a strategic document in order to reduce physical, social and public vulnerability in case of a probable earthquake in Istanbul. Under the coordination of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, four major universities of the country came together and created this plan. It is being tested in Zeytinburnu, which houses Istanbul’s significant historic buildings. Partners: Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul Technical University, Middle East Technical University, Boğaziçi University, JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) 35 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

PROJECTS REALISED FOR ISTANBUL İstanbul Office of Governor, Directorate of Istanbul Provincial Disaster Management Center Aim - A unit which has been organised to operate non-stop for 24 hours, in case of emergency, in order to coordinate teams which perform disaster prevention legally, and following up and controlling these services. Date - Founded in January 1st, 2000

36 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

To establish a new organisation, under Ministry of Culture and Tourism, which will serve in disaster mitigation and management in Cultural Heritage

37 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

The inventory of the historic buildings and sites should be prepared without taking ownership into consideration

38 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

All the data related to the historical buildings should be gathered in an “Information System for Disaster Mitigation of Cultural Heritage” generated in this institution, which is also kept in an emergency data processing center in another physical space and which can be activated from various physical spaces in case of a disaster 39 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

The earthquake performance evaluation studies, especially in historic buildings should be expedited and the buildings with intervention priorities should be determined

40 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

The condition of the buildings should be controlled periodically

41 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Special security precautions should be taken especially in historic buildings with functions creating a high risk of terror attacks and if possible the functions of these buildings should be changed

42 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Special interest groups of specialists Who can evaluate the condition of the historic buildings after the disaster, if possible international, should be formed and these groups should be coordinated in the case of emergency

43 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Maps of traditional construction systems according to regions in country should be created in order to help the international search and rescue teams, who are unfamiliar to the region’s traditional construction system, during the disaster response

44 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Marmara Earthquake – 1999

“Disaster is virtue’s opportunity” Seneca 45 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY

12th US/ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM March 11 - 15, 2009 in New Orleans, USA PRESERVATION IN PERIL Disaster Preparedness, Rapid Response, and Sustainable Recovery in the 21st Century

Selected Bibliography Bayer J.L., Varí , “Afet Sigortası Tasarımında Model Temelli Bir Sosyal Paydaş Yaklaşımı”, pp: 117-118, Afet Risk Yönetimi, Marmara Üniversitesi Kent Sorunları ve Yerel Yönetimler Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi & World Bank Yayını, Istanbu 2007. Donaldson, M.W., “The Firs Ten Days: Emergency Response and Protection Strategies for the Preservation of Historic Structures”, pp: 25-28, Disaster Management Programs for Historic Sites, Editors; Spennemann,H.R. D., Look W.D., Digital Edition 2004. Keleş, R., “Afet Yönetimi Açısından Türkiye’de Merkezi ve Yerel Yönetim”, pp: 18-22, Afet Risk Yönetimi, Marmara Üniversitesi Kent Sorunları ve Yerel Yönetimler Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi & World Bank Yayını, Istanbu 2007. Ekin-Erkan, N., Güner A., Demeret Katerin., “Risk Azaltılmasında Yerel Yönetimlerin Rolü”,pp: 3-5, Afet Risk Yönetimi, Marmara Üniversitesi Kent Sorunları ve Yerel Yönetimler Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi & World Bank Yayını, Istanbu 2007. Yazıcı Çakın o., İlkışık O.M., Aslaner E., İmer P., Tolak E., Yelkenci S., “Dünya Büyükşehirleri’nden Bazıları İle İstanbul’un Risk ve Afet Yönetim Sistemlerinin Karşılaştırılması – A Comperison of Disaster Risk Management Systems Between Selected Mega Cities and Istanbul”, pp: 723-724, International Earthquake Symposium Kocaeli 22- 26 October 2007, TURKEY. www.tepav.org.tr/tur/admin/dosyabul/upload/istanbulsismikriskinazaltilmasiveacildurumhazirlik.ppt 46 New Approaches and Regulations in Cultural Heritage and Disaster Management after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake Istanbul -Turkey Case Z. GÜL ÜNAL – ICOMOS/TURKEY