Trauma Burns

Trauma Burns

BURN Is the damage caused to skin and deeper body structures by heat (flames, scald, contact w/ heat), electrical, chemical or radiation.

Factors Determining the Severity of Burns Depth Size Location (involving critical areas) Age Px Medical Condition Temperature Exposure to the source

Depthness or Degree Superficial or 1st Degree Partial Thickness or 2nd Degree Full-thickness or 3rd Degree

Criteria for Critical Burns Involving Critical Areas Mouth and Nose Multiple Areas Breathing Difficulty Very Young or Old Px Chemical, Electrical or Explosion

Types of Burns Scalding Flame Airway Smoke Inhalation Electrical Sunburn

Scalds Treatment 

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Immediately flush the burn area w/ water (under a tap or hose for up to 20min) If no water is readily available, remover clothing immediately as clothing soaked w/ hot liquids retains heat Evaluate how serious the scald is and call “911” for medical assistance

Flame Burns Treatment 

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Smother the flames w/ a coat or blanket, get the px on the floor or ground (Stop, Drop, and Roll) Prevent the px from running If water is available, immediately cool the burn area w/ water (under a tap or hose for up to 20min) If no water is available, remove smouldering clothing (if it is not stuck to the skin) but avoid pulling clothing across the burnt face Cover the burn area with a loose, clean, dry cloth to prevent contamination Do not break blisters or apply lotions, ointments, creams or powder Evaluate how serious the burn is and call “911” for medical assistance

Airway Burns Treatment 

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If face or front of the trunk is burnt, there could be burns to the airway There is a risk of swelling or air passage, leading to difficult of breathing Immediately call “911” because airway compromise may occur

Smoke Inhalation Urgent treatment is required w/ care of the airway, breathing and circulation When o2 in the air is used up by fire, or replaced by other gases, the oxygen level in the air will be dangerously low Spasm in the air passages as a result of irritation by smoke or gases Severe burns to the air passages causing swelling and obstruction Px will show signs and symptoms of lack of o2. He may also be confused or even unconscious

Smoke Inhalation Treatment  

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Immediately call “911” Remove the person from the fire or smoke area only if you can do it safely. Open a door and rig a lifeline around your waist so a bystander can pull you to safety A casualty who has inhaled smoke may stop breathing. As soon as the px is removed from the smoke atmosphere, assess ABC’s If necessary, perform Rescue Breathing or CPR

Electrical Burn Electrical burns can be more severe than they first appear, w/ extensive damage to deeper tissues They frequently show “entry” and “exit” burns at the point of contact

Electrical Burn Treatment    

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Immediately call “911” Check for “Danger” Turn off the electricity supply if possible Avoid any direct contact w/ the skin of the px or any conducting material touching the px until he is disconnected Once the area is safe, check the ABC’s If necessary, perform Rescue Breathing or CPR

Chemical Burn Treatment 

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Flood affected area w/ water for 20 – 30min Remove contaminated clothing If possible, identify the chemical for possible subsequent neutralization Call “911” for medical assistance Avoid contact w/ the chemical

Note: There are special FA measures for some corrosive chemicals

Sunburn Exposure to ultraviolet rays in natural sunlight is the main cause of sunburn General skin damage and eventually skin cancer develops The signs and symptoms of sunburn are pain, redness, and fever

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