Transactional Analysis

TRANSACTIONA L ANALYSIS by Eric Berne Submitted by: Alpa Goel Harshika Shah Pallavi Bisht Smriti Jha Tushar Tejawat

Agenda • • • • • • •

TA Definition TA States –PAC Type 1, 2 – crossed and complimentary Angular and duplex transition Procedures & rituals Past times Games

Transactional Analysis • Transaction Unit of social intercourse • Transaction = Transactional Stimulus + Transactional Response • Transaction analysis: Studying & diagnosing which ego state implemented the stimulus and response • By Eric Berne, the psychologist

The EGO States • Three ego states that are based on childhood experiences and role models • Separate and distinct source of behavior The three states are – Parent – Adult – Child

Parent Ego state – “SHOULD” • Parental values and opinions are stored in this ego state • May be expressed towards others as prejudicial, critical, and nurturing behavior • Parental messages continue to influence the inner child

Adult – “Dispassionate” • Oriented toward current reality and the objective gathering of information • Organized, adaptable, intelligent, and tests reality, estimating probabilities

Child – “Child again !!!” • All the impulses that come naturally to an infant • Intuitive, creative, spontaneous • Feelings of happiness, anxiety, fear, withdrawal etc

The EGO states • We all operate from all the 3 states • Awareness of transactions and ego states help us gain a conscious control over how we interact with people • In healthy professional relationships, people transact preferably in adult state

Paren t

Paren t

Adult

Adult

Child

Child

Child

Agen t

Responde nt Type 1

se on

Adult

Re sp

Respon se

St im

Stimul us Adult

Paren t

ul u

Paren t

s

Complementary Transactions

Child

Agen t

Respondent Type 2

Stimul us

Child

Paren t

Adult

Adult

Responde nt Type 1

Adult

Stimulu s Child

Agen t

Paren t

on

Paren t

Re sp

Adult

on sp Re se

Paren t

se

Crossed Transactions

Child

Child

Agen t

Respondent Type 2

Ulterior Transactions

Paren t

Paren t

Paren t

Paren t

Adult

Adult

Social Level

Child

Child

Psychological Child Level

Buyer

Cowbo y A Duplex Transaction

Social level

Adult

Ps

Child

yc a l ho l o lev gi el c

Salesm an An Angular Transaction

Adult

Girl

Procedures & Rituals • Procedure: A series of simple complementary Adult transactions directed towards manipulation of reality • Ritual: A series of simple complementary transactions programmed by external social forces • Procedures are programmed by Adult and Rituals are parentally patterned

Pastimes • Typically played at parties or during the waiting periods • Have specific aspect of exclusiveness • Form basis of selection of acquaintances and may lead to friendship

Games • A series of moves with a snare • 2 characteristics: the ulterior quality and the payoff • Stages in a Game: – I Degree Game: socially acceptable to the agent. – II Degree Game: no permanent irremediable damage arises but the player will conceal it from the public. – III Degree Game: is played for keeps and ends in surgery, courtroom and morgue

Games People Play • • • • • • •

Life Games Marital Games Party Games Sexual games Boardroom Games Good Games Underworld Games

PARTY GAMES

“WHY DON’T YOU? YES, BUT….”

‘See if you can find a solution I can’t find fault with’ • Agent wins if he’s able to stand off solutions till others give up • Aim: Not to get suggestions but to reject them • Ulterior: inadequate Child <--> wise Parent Parent: I can make you grateful for my help Child: Go ahead and try • Advantages: Internal - Reassurance surrender

External - Avoid

MARITAL GAMES

“CORNER”

‘Refusal to play game of the other’ • Aim: To corner the other person by taking literal meaning of words • Manipulative • Functions as barrier to intimacy • Ulterior: Child <--> Child • Advantages: Internal – Secret feeling of triumph External – Avoid intimacy

LIFE GAMES

Now I have got you, you Son of a Bitch

Now I have got you, you Son of a Bitch • Finding situations to vent the pent up furies. • Whenever meets with any injustice, receives them with delight and exploits them • Forgets the actual provocation but remembers the ensuing battle • Response: why does it always happens with me?

Good Games • Difficult to interpret • Contributes to well being of both the parties • Homely Sage

SEXUAL GAMES

RAP

Rapo • First degree - involves White mildly flirting with Black. Once he's committed himself to the pursuit, the game is over and White has won. The payoff is being found attractive. • Second degree - the payoff comes from the enjoyment of rejecting Black's advances ("Buzz off Buster"). White leads him into a much more serious commitment, and enjoys watching his discomfort at being rejected. • Third degree - ends in a false accusation of rape. White leads Black into a compromising

physical

position

before

claiming

criminal

assault

or

permanent psychological damage. She usually involves a number of other players at this stage.

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