Training Of Thesis.docx

SUPERVISED INDUDTRIAL TRAINING (i & ii) REPORT B.TECH MECHANICAL BATCH 15-A

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

UNIVERSITY SUPERVISOR: ENGR. RAFAY RUSHAIL INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISOR: MAAZ HUSSAIN

SUBMITTED BY: M. SHAKEEL STUDENT ID:

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

TABLE OF CONTENTS  Certificate

page # I

 Acknowledgment

page # II

 Abstract

page # III

 Introduction of industry

page # 01

 Reporting periods

page # 07

 Tasks and activities performed

page # 08

 Plans for the future

page # 21

 Academic experience

page # 22

 Academic subjects related to field

page # 23

 Activities & changes in job responsibilities

page # 25

 Tools and equipment used in training

page # 31

 Conclusion

page # 33

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CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the work present in this thesis entitled Supervised industrial training has been carried out by Mr. Muhammad Junaid under our supervision. The work is genuine, original and, in our opinion, suitable for submission to the Indus University for the award of degree of B.TECH in Mechanical.

UNIVERSITY SUPERVISOR ___________________________________________ ENGR. RAFAY RUSHAIL Lecturer Faculty of Engineering Science & Technology Indus University Pakistan

INDUSTRIAL SUPERVISOR ___________________________________________ Engr. MAAZ HUSSAIN Project Engineer MultiCon Engineers

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Firstly, Thanks to Allah SWT and all praises to Allah for his blessings and strength in accomplishment of our project. I am highly indebted to Mr. Maaz Hussain for his invaluable advice, constant supervision and guidance and for his support. I would like to thank him for giving me this excellent opportunity to perform supervised industrial training under his kind supervision. Many thanks to Mr

who showed great zeal in helping me and providing us the

conceptual and theoretical clarity in various areas. We would like to convey our sincere gratitude to him. . .

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ABSTRACT:

This paper expresses the knowledge based on training programs within the industry. The information gathered and discerned in this paper will explore the training period, introduction of industry and academic experience of the engineering students in industry and will give an insight on effectiveness of training in industry. Training is the activity that is designed to provide learners with the knowledge and skills needed for their jobs. Formal education from academic institutions is basically the proper venue for acquiring appropriate knowledge and skills necessary for future employment. Training is part of the tertiary curriculum which connects the gap between theory and practice as well as between classroom education and real industry life.

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Introduction of industry:

MultiCon Engineers is an organization capable of handling design and contracting solutions of Civil, Interior & Electrical Works under one roof. The setup is led by a team of professionals who have vast experience in respective fields. It is a firm proficient of managing complete electrical planning and execution interior designing, Trunkey furnishing of houses, offices, commercial buildings, factories etc. Having an experience of more than 38 years, with qualified and experienced personnel on hand to handle the assignments in accordance with the demands of the site circumstances. The working groups on an assignment have the command at his profession and can execute the same with full confidence and responsibility. The team works under the leader of Ex-multinational Company ALSTOM/AEG Engineer experienced with international consultants has further enhanced the capabilities. The trained and skilled team & Associates Engineers further strengthens the grip over their jobs assignments.

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The PakistanNavy reporting name PN is the naval warfare uniform service branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces. It came into its modern existence from the Royal Indian Navy that ceased to exist following the partition of British India through a parliamentary act that establish the independence of Pakistan from the United Kingdom on 14 August of 1947.

Its primary objective and mission statement is to ensure the defense of sea lines of communications of Pakistan and safeguarding the maritime interests by executing national policies through the exercise of military effect, diplomatic and humanitarian activities in support of these objectives In addition to its war service, the Navy has mobilized its war assets to oversee to conduct the humanitarian rescue operations at home as well as taking participation in multinational task forces mandated by the United Nations to prevent seaborne terrorism and privacy off the coasts.

Introduction of industry:

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The Pakistan Navy is a volunteer force which has been in mainly in conflict with neighboring India twice on

its

sea

borders,

and

has

been repeatedly

deployed in Indian Ocean to act as a military advisory in the Arab states and other friendly nations during the events of multinational conflict as part of its commitment to the United Nations. Overall manpower strength in the Navy is supported

by

the

various

branches

within

the

Navy,

including

the Aviation, Marines and the Maritime Security Agency the coast guard branch within the Navy.Since its commencement on 14 August of 1947, the defensive role of the Navy has expanded from securing the sea lines and becoming the custodian of Pakistan's second strike capability with an ability to launch underwater missile system to target enemy positions.

The Constitution of Pakistan establishes the role of the President of Pakistan as an elected civilian Commander-in-Chief, and the Navy is commanded by the appointed Chief of Naval Staff, by statue a four-star rank admiral, who is a senior member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee is appointed by the Prime Minister and confirmed by the President of Pakistan. The Pakistan Navy is currently in command under Admiral Zafar Mahmood Abbasi who appointed on 7 October 2017.

Introduction of industry:

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Combatant commands: The Pakistan Navy has six major combatant commands



Commander of Pakistan Naval Fleet (COMPAK):

The

command

heads

the

surface,

sub

surface

and

aviation

commands. COMPAK is headquartered in Karachi, Sind. Previously, it included the 25th and 18th Destroyer Squadron (with Gearing class D16O, D164-168).



Commander Naval Air Arm (COMNAV):



Looks after the Naval air stations, and is the commander of the Naval Aviation, reporting into COMPAK.



Commander Submarine Squadron (COMSUBS):

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

Looks after the submarine operations, and is the commander of the submarine commanders, reporting into COMPAK.



Commander Karachi (COMKAR):



The Commander Karachi is responsible for the command of the shore establishment, naval facilities within Karachi. The COMKAR also provide services and training facilities for the Navy. The COMKAR also looks after the military protocol at Karachi. This command's responsibilities also include harbordefense.



Commander COAST (COMCOAST):



The special command of SSG(N), Marines and Coastal stations.



Commander Central Punjab (COMCEP):

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

Looks after the naval and marine assets stationed in Punjab, and Southern skirts of Sindh.



Commander Logistics (COMLOG):



This command looks after the repair, maintenance and logistic infrastructure of PN.



Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST) Conducts all types of operational training at Sea.





Commander North (COMNOR):

Looks after the Naval installations in the north of Pakistan. The COMNOR commands the naval facilities in North-west Pakistan, Azad Kashmir, and Northern Areas of Pakistan. The COMNOR is also a major part of Pakistan's Northern Naval Command.



Commander WEST (COMWEST ):

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

Looks after the Naval installations in the west of Pakistan. The naval bases are ormara, pasniGwadar and jiwani. The COMWEST is a major component of the Western Naval Command of Pakistan Navy.

Headquarters: The single headquarter for the Navy, the Navy NHQ, is located in Islamabad at the neighborhoods of the Army GHQ, in the vicinity of Joint Staff Headquarters. The NHQ function also includes the Judge Advocate General Corps of Navy, and the Comptroller of Civilian Personnel, the Hydrographer of the Navy (HPN) of the Hydrographic Corps; the Engineer-in-Chief of Naval Engineering Corps (NEC); Surgeon General of Navy; Quartermaster General of the Navy.

REPORTING PERIOD:

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Join Pakistan NAVY mechanical transport workshop on 15 February 2018 for supervised industrial training (i) of 7th semester. This was consist of 6 month and 24 weeks which ends on 15 august 2018. After semester break I rejoin the workshop on 3 September 2018 for supervised industrial training (ii) of 8th semester. This was also consist of 6 month and 24 weeks and ends on 15 February 2019.

Industrial supervisor gives me an opportunity to perform each task for two weeks. In 7th semester initiallysupervisor engages me on engine performance tests after some time he shift me to engine shop. In 8th semester supervisor initially engages me on office work to learn “how to maintain the record of vehicles.” After that he shifts me to workshop to observe different jobs related to maintenance of vehicles.

TASKS &ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN 7TH SEM:

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1ST ACTIVITY: How to carry out compression test of petrol engine. Procedure is as follows:

STEP 1 Remove the fuel pump and fuel-injection fuses. Disconnect the main wire to the coil and spark plug wires; remove spark plugs. STEP 2 Start the threaded end of the compression gauge in a spark plug hole by hand. STEP 3 Turn the ignition on, depress the throttle, and crank the engine four revolutions. This should result in a stable reading; if not, crank up to 10 revolutions, but do the same with all cylinders. STEP 4 Mark the pressure reading for each cylinder on the valve cover in chalk, then move to the next cylinder. TIP For a cylinder below 100 psi, pour 1 teaspoon of engine oil into the plug hole and retest. If the reading jumps, the piston rings are worn. If not, think valve problems.

2ndACTIVITY: How to carry out vacuum test of petrol engine.Procedure is as follows: FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

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1. Connect the vacuum gauge hose as close to the intake manifold as possible and start the engine. 2. Run the engine long enough to reach normal operating temperature. 3. Note the location and action of the vacuum gauge needle.compare the reading with repair manual.

3rdACTIVITY: How to check the average or TMPG (total miles per gallon).procedure is as follows:

1. Remove diesel supply line and put it in a 4 liter gallon filled with diesel. 2. Note the kilometers on odometer. 3. Start driving vehicle up to the end of diesel i.e. 40 km. 4. Note the kilometers driven divide it by 4. 5. So our vehicle average is 10 km/l. 6. Normalize the fuel supply system.

4thACTIVITY: How to check the lubrication system. Procedure is as follows: FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

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1. Firstly ensure that the engine is cool enough to work on. Apply the handbrake, chock the wheels and put the transmission in neutral or park. Now locate the oil pressure or temperature sender – situated in the engine block and often near the sump. Remove the switch and be prepared with an oil drip tray to catch any oil 2. Now attach the oil pressure gauge to the adaptor and check the engine oil level before starting the vehicle and allowing it to reach operating temperature. 3. Consult a service manual to determine what RPM the test should be performed at, and what pressure your engine should maintain. If necessary, have an assistant hold the engine at this RPM while you take a reading. 4. Once you have taken the reading, switch the engine off and allow it to cool before removing the oil pressure test gauge, and re-installing the oil pressure sensor. 5. Top up the oil as necessary.

5th ACTIVITY: How to check the cooling system procedure is as follows:

1. Check the coolant level in reservoir. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

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2. Check radiator pressure cap and radiator. 3. Check upper and lower hoses of coolant. 4. Check water pump 5. Check thermostat.

6th ACTIVITY: How to remove engine auxiliary components to remove engine from vehicle. 1. Drain coolant and remove radiator from engine. 2. Remove all electrical connection from engine 3. Remove A/C compressor and generator from engine. 4. Remove fuel supply and return line. 5. Drain oil from engine.

7th ACTIVITY: How to remove transmission and clutch system from engine. 1. Remove self starter. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

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2. Remove propeller shaft. 3. Remove gear shifting cables. And clutch release cylinder. 4. Unplug transmission bolts and remove transmission from engine. 5. Unplug clutch cover bolts and check clutch plate and pressure plate.

8th ACTIVITY: How to remove engine from vehicle with help of hydraulic jack. 1. Pull the hand brake on and put stopper behind wheels. 2. Fasten a sling on engine securely. 3. Put sling in hydraulic jack. 4. Lift jack slowly and check engine is clear. 5. Put the engine on engine dismantling stand.

9th ACTIVITY: How to remove cylinder head from engine on dismantling stand. 1. Remove tappet cover or top cover. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

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2. Remove rocker arm assembly. 3. Remove cam shaft. 4. Remove all heater plugs and injectors. 5. Unplug all bolts of cylinder head. 6. Lift cylinder head carefully. And check gasket.

10th ACTIVITY: How to remove lubrication system components. 1. Remove oil filter. 2. Remove oil gallery plugs. 3. Turn the engine upward and Unplug all bolts of oil sump. and remove oil sump from engine. 4. Unplug bolts of oil pump and check oil pump.

11th ACTIVITY: How to remove piston from cylinder block. 1. Turn the engine and bring no 2 & 3 piston on top. 2. Remove the nut of no 1& 4 cylinder bearing cap. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

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3. Tap the connecting rod towards the top of engine. Hold the piston care fully. 4. Similarly turn the engine 360 degree and remove bearing cap of 2 and 3 no cylinder. 5. Tap connecting rod slowly and collect piston from the top of engine.

12th ACTIVITY: How to remove crankshaft. 1. Remove front end rear end covers. 2. Remove flywheel from engine. 3. Remove oil spray nozzle. 4. Unplug all bolts of bearing cap or main journal and remove caps. 5. Remove crankshaft carefully. 6. Check crankshaft journal for wear and tear.

TASKS &ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN 8TH SEM:

1st ACTIVITY:

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How to maintain log book of vehicle. 1. Writing about parts replaced and fault explanation. 2. Maintaining Oil change history. 3. Class change of vehicle. 4. Tire change history. 5. Battery change history.

2nd ACTIVITY: How to maintain VDRA (vehicle daily running accountability). 1. Writing daily running in kilometers. 2. Writing daily fuel consumption. 3. Writing daily oil consumption. 4. Writing driver name and rank. 5. Nature of duty.

3rdACTIVITY: How to perform electrical checkup of vehicle. 1. Checking head light parking, low and high beam operation. 2. Checking fog light operation . FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

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3. Checking rear parking light operation. 4. Checking brake light operation. 5. Check wiper operation and condition. 6. Battery charging and condition. 7. Checking indicator and hazard light operation.

4thACTIVITY: How to check the performance of A/C system. 1. Ensure compressor is working. 2. Check the amount of refrigerant by watching sight glass. 3. Check fan operation. 4. Check system for any leakage. 5. Check the temperature of passenger compartment by putting thermal gauge.

5thACTIVITY: How to tune up petrol engine. 1. Remove ignition coil and check the condition of spark plugs. 2. replace air filter. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

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3. Check and clean carburetor or throttle assembly. 4. Check fan belt condition. 5. replace cabin air filter. 6. Change engine oil.

6thACTIVITY: How to tune up diesel engine. 1. Check air filter. 2. Replace diesel filter. 3. Check heater plugs. 4. Change engine oil. 5. Check fan belt and coolant condition. 6. Replace cabin air filter.

7thACTIVITY: How to perform wheel alignment of vehicle.

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1. Park the vehicle in wheel alignment bay. 2. Lock the steering with steering lock tool. 3. Adjust the software with vehicle model and maker. 4. Take run out. 5. Check the camber. 6. Check the caster. 7. Check toe in and toe out.

8thACTIVITY: How to lubricate the components of suspension system. 1. Park vehicle on hoist and lift the hoist. 2. Fill grease gun with synthetic grease. 3. Loose the nipple of ball joints lubricate it by pumping 5 shots of gun. 4. Loose the nipple of upper and lower arm and lubricate it by pumping 5 shots of gun. 5. Lubricate the link rod, stabilizer bar, D-bush etc

9thACTIVITY: How to lubricate the components of steering system.

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1. Park vehicle on hoist and lift hoist. 2. Check steering linkage. 3. Lubricate universal joint. 4. Lubricate ball joint. 5. Lubricate tie rod, rack end, and steering pinion and steering rack.

10thACTIVITY: How to check starting system of vehicle. 1. Check ignition switch. 2. Check starting relay. 3. Check battery. 4. Check self starter 5. Check starter pinion. 6. Check fly wheel gear teeth.

11thACTIVITY: How to check the charging system. 1. Check alternator belt. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

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2. Check alternator. 3. Check voltage regulator. 4. Check wire harness of the system. 5. Check battery.

12thACTIVITY: How to check ignition system of the engine. 1. Check ignition switch. 2. Check ignition coil. 3. Check C.B point. 4. Check high tension leads. 5. Check spark plugs.

PLANS FOR FUTURE :

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Pakistan NAVY mechanical transport workshop is a complete workshop. This workshop is fully equipped and very well managed. I would like to serve such kind of workshop as an assistant manager. It will be honor for me to join this workshop. I would like to make some improvements in this workshop. Few suggestions are as under:  Record should be computerized.  Training sessions should be arranged for staff.  Work order should be generated before vehicle enters workshop.  Machine shop should be fully equipped.  Engine test bench should be arranged to check engine on test bench.

ACADEMIC EXPERIENCE :

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Formal education from academic institutions is basically the proper venue for acquiring appropriate knowledge and skills necessary for future employment. Training is part of the tertiary curriculum which connects the gap between theory and practice as well as between classroom education and real industry life.Training has specific goals of improving one's capability, capacity, productivity and performance. It forms the core of apprenticeships and provides the backbone of content at institutes of technology. People within many professions and occupations may refer to training as professional development. With industrial relevance we mean that the education prepares students so that they are ready to cope with industry. It is also important that students are aware of the challenges and proven techniques related to industry.

ACADEMIC SUBJECTS RELATED TO FIELD WORK:

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In academic session we cover more than 30 subjects. Each one has their own importance but there were some subjects that helped me a lot in field work. In classes we got theoretical concept of machines. In industrial training I see a lot of them practically which clear my theoretical concept. Some of these subjects and their real life experience are as follows:

 In 6th semester we cover a course namely “metrology and gauging” plays an important role in industrial training. We learn about micrometer, vernier caliper, dial gauge etc in this course. We use all of these measuring instruments during industrial training.

 In 5th semester we cover a subject namely “Internal combustion engine” is one of the most important subject of mechanical. This subject is the base of mechanical. In order to strong my base I dedicated supervised industrial training (i) t0 internal combustion shop of the workshop. IC shop is responsible for overhauling of petrol and diesel engine.

 In 6th semester we cover a subject namely “Refrigeration and air conditioning” is another important subject of mechanical. I pay special

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attention towards car A/C to clear my concept about vapor compression cycle.

 In 5th semester we cover a subject namely “Instrumentation and control” is the base of modern engine control system. I pay special attention towards transducers, sensors actuators, and other instruments such as oddo meter, Tacho meter, Speedo meter, etc.

 In 2nd semester we cover a subject namely “Applied Thermodynamics” is another mechanical most important subject. In IC shop I know the difference between Otto cycle and diesel cycle.

ACTIVITIES OR CHANGES IN JOB RESPONSIBILITY : FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

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In supervised industrial training (i) which start from 15 February 2018 Assistant manager asks about my interest. I show my interest in engines then he directly engages me with section supervisor Muhammad Imran-ul-Hassan of IC shop. After introduction he provides me safety shoes, helmet, gloves, and uniform. Supervisor suggests me that you have to perform each activity or task for one fortnight (two weeks). This training ends on 15 august 2018.

 In 1st activity “compression test of petrol engine” which start from15 February 2018 and end on 28 February 2018. In this activity initial two days I observe the procedure and helped senior by providing him tools. Next three days I perform only dismantling task. Next week I perform complete task.  In 2nd activity “vacuum test of petrol engine” which start from 1 st march 2018 and ends on 15 March 2018. In this activity initial three days I observe procedure and note down readings. Next two days perform dismantling task. Next week I perform complete task.

 In 3rd activity “TMPG of engine” which start on 16 March 2018 and ends on 28 March 2018. I was completely involved in the procedure.

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 In 4th activity “how to check lubrication system” which start from 29 March 2018 and ends on 12 April 2018. In first week I change engine oil and note down readings. In 2nd week I perform oil pressure test and housekeeping job.

 In 5th activity “how to check cooling system of engine” which start from 13 April 2018 and ends on 27 April 2018.In first week I perform coolant top up and hoses change job. In 2nd week I diagnose overheating problems.

 In 6th activity “how to remove engine auxiliary components” which start from 28 April and ends on 11 may 2018. In first week I observed how to remove auxiliary components of engine. In 2nd week I perform on job training.

 In 7th activity “how to remove transmission from engine” which start from 12 may and ends on 25 may 2018. In first week I observe how to remove transmission from engine. In 2nd week I observed how to check clutch components.

 In 8th activity “how to remove engine” which start from 26 May 2018 and ends on 8 Jun 2018. In first week I observe how to engage hydraulic jack to engine. In 2nd week I pump and control jack movement.

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 In 9TH activity “how to remove cylinder head” which start from 11 Jun 2018 and ends on 24 Jun 2018. In first week I worked on removing inlet and exhaust manifold. In 2nd week I remove diesel lines and injectors.

 In 10th activity “how to remove components of lubrication system” which start from 25 Jun 2018 and ends on 15 July 2018. In first week I only remove oil filter. In 2nd week I worked on oil pump and oil gallery.

 In 11th activity “how to remove piston from cylinder block” which start from 16 July and ends on 30 July 2018. In first week I only check the alignment of connecting rod and perform housekeeping job. In 2nd week I remove piston from block.

 In 12th activity “how to remove crank shaft” which start from 31 July and ends on 15 August 2018. In first week I observe how to remove crank shaft. In 2nd week I worked on removal of crank shaft.

ACTIVITIES OR CHANGES IN JOB RESPONSIBILITY : In supervised industrial training (ii) when I rejoin workshop on 3 September 2018 Assistant manager show me all the sections of workshop and suggest me to work at FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

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least one fortnight in each section. I follow his suggestion and work each fortnight in all sections of the workshop. Assistant manager engages me with section supervisor Muhammad Imran-ul-Hassan of IC shop as we have good understanding in previous semester. After introduction he provides me safety shoes, helmet, gloves, and uniform. I really enjoy supervised industrial training (ii) in supervision of Muhammad Imran-ul-Hassan. This training ends on 15 February 2019.  In 1st activity of supervised industrial training (ii) “how to maintain log book” which start from 3 September 2018 and ends on 16 September 2018. First week I observe how to find different sections of log book. In 2 nd week I start entries in log book.

 In 2nd activity “how to maintain VDRA (vehicle daily running accountability)” which start from 17 September 2018 and ends on 30 September 2018. In first week I write record of vehicle mileage. In 2 nd week I enter the record of fuel consumption and oil consumption.

 In 3rd activity “how to perform electrical checkup” which start from 1 st October 2018 and ends on 14 October 2018. In first two days I observe how to perform electrical checkup. Next three days I perform exterior checkup. Next week I perform all electrical checkup.

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 In 4th activity “how to check the performance of car A/C” which start from 15 October 2018 and ends on 28 October 2018. In first week I only check leakage with the help of soap solution. In next week I perform complete A/C checkup.

 In 5th activity “how to tune up petrol engine” which start from 29 October 2018 and ends on 11 November 2018. In first week I only replace air and cabin air filter. Next week I perform complete tuning.

 In 6th activity “how to tune up diesel engine” which start from 12 November 2018 and ends on 25 November 2018. In first week I change air and cabin filter. Next week I perform complete tuning.

 In 7th activity “how to perform wheel alignment” which start from 26 November 2018 and ends on 09 December 2018. First week I observe how to park vehicle on wheel alignment bay. Next week I observe how to perform wheel alignment.

 In 8th activity “how to lubricate components of suspension system.” Which start from 11 December 2018 and ends on 23 December 2018. In first week I observe which parts to be lubricated. In next week I lubricate components. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (FEST)

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 In 9th activity “how to lubricate components of steering system” which start from 24 December 2018 and ends on 6 January 2019. In first week I observe how to lift the vehicle. In next week I perform lubrication job.

 1n 10th activity “how to check starting system” which start from 7 January 2019 and end on 20 January 2019. In first week I check only battery condition. In next week I observe how to check self starter etc.

 In 11th activity “how to check charging system” which start from 21 January 2019 and ends on 3 February 2019. In first week I perform battery and fan belt check. In next week I observe how to check other components.

 In 12th activity “how to check ignition system” which start from 04 February 2019 and ends on 15 February 2019. In first week I check spark plugs. In next week I check ignition coil and C.B point.

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS USED IN TRAINING

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s.no Name of tool

use

01

Ring spanner is used to

Ring spanner

picture

lose or tight bolts. It fully grips the bolt and can be used to fully tight bolts. 02

Open end spanner

Open end spanner is used there where ring spanner cannot be used such as pipes, hoses etc

03

Combination

This

spanner

is

the

spanner

combination of ring and open end spanner.

04

Adjustable spanner Adjustable

spanner

is

used there where we do not know the actual size of the bolts. It cannot be used to fully tight the bolts.

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05

Socket

set

extension bars

with Socket set is used to open or tight bolts that are at angle or deep inside.

06

Different types of Different types of pliers pliers

are used for different purpose such nose pliers cutter pliers combination pliers etc

07

Screw drivers

Screw drivers is used to lose or tight screws. In vehicle most

common

screws are Philip screws. flat screw driver is also used

for

different

purposes.

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CONCLUSION :

I have a strong opinion that the industrial training was advantageous for me. In my opinion, industrial training can help in reforming and grooming students in their profession and can produce better engineers. It is suggested that academic institutes should take keen interest in arranging such trainings in industries. So that students will get a better chance to work in a market oriented professional environment compared to their academic institute laboratory.

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