Traditional India - 1-22-07

1-22-07 I.V.C. 2700-1200 bc Marshall Bannerjee Mohenjo-Daro Harappa Lothal Rupar Kalibangan

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Only known Neolithic culture in India India’s 1st greatest civilization comes around 200 yrs after they die o Indus Valley Civilization 2700-1200bc  Senith lasted btw 2400-1500bc  Not much rain in this area  Indus river supplied water • River based economy • Irrigation/canals ect. • Survived b/c coorperative agriculture  Important things about IVC • John Marshall (brit) & Bannerjee (ind) started digging mounds in India. o 1922 realized it was IVC o by end of 1930s, realized was 700 miles long. o Large towns and small o Mohenjo-daro- “mound of the dead” o 400 miles north is Harappa co-capital of IVC o culture from on end to the other is uniformed (art, architecture, ect is the same. o Lothal- seaport town that could have been part of the IVC o Rupar- another city found in hill  Debated that it is part of the IVC o Kalibangan- in Uttar Pradesh, another city o iVC is probably bigger than we thought o IVD may also be incorrect b/c some cities have nothing to do with river  2 Major Cities  Mohenjo-Daro – Harappa • ½ mile wide • roots are flat, kiln bricks o b/c little rainfall • middle of town-fortress on hill • town built around

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HQ of political/local admin. Homes have yards (front/back) Sidewalk Every ½ block a watchman & light post Plenty of water from river Caravan serais- resting place for travelers Health conscience people Underground sewage system Landfills Economy o Rural agricultural based? o Civilizations was urban but maybe agriculturally based Everyone worked together Rulers thought to be priests/kings, who ruled from citadels Found water houses in basement Supplies distributed to all Laws were religious obligations to follow; everyone mostly content IVC put river to good use Large bodies of water/part of Arabian Sea. International trade all the way to Crete Used the wheel; domestication of animals o Indications of sophisticated civilization o Didn’t domesticate the horse but had elephants Not vegetarians Killed goats, sheep, antelope, deer, ect. w/ bow and arrow, knives Grew corn, wheat, barely but didn’t grow rice Cotton clothes, very common Bronze Age Technology