Trace Elements 1

Properties

Absorption

Transport

Storage Excretion Function

IRON Well conserved; 90% recycled 3-5 g; 30 % TOTAL IRON BINDING CAPACITY 1. HEME iron  porphyrin complex 2. NON-HEME  Fe2+ (by gastric juice) 1. Mucosal Tf + Apf = FERRITIN (intes’l lumen to mucosal cells) 2. Serum Tf – carries Fe3+ (mucosal cells to tissues) 1. FERRITIN – readily mobilized 2. HEMOSIDERIN – not mobilized  LIVER, BM, SPLEEN and MXs 1. Bleeding 2. Feces, sweat 3. Exfoliation 1. O2 transport – Hb and Mb 2. Oxidative Prod. of ATP via REDOX (Fe2+  Fe3+) – cytochromes 3. P450 system – H20 insol.  sol. 4. Immune system a. neutrophils, WBC b. Tf and Lacto Tf 5. Cognitive Performance

COPPER

100 – 150 g

Iodine 75 % thyroid gland 25% lactating mammary gland 20-30 g

Fluoride

2.5 mg

1. assoc. w/ METALLOTHIONEIN

1. bounded to ALBUMIN

1. bound to CERULOPLASMIN  BRAIN, HEART, LIVER and Kidneys 1. Bile 1. Coenzyme a. cyt c oxidase b. SOD c. tyrosinase d. lysyl oxidase 2. O2 of Fe2+ before transport 3. Collagen Cross-linking 4. mito ENERGY production 5. ANTI-OXIDANT 6. synth. of Melanin and Catecholamine

1. integral part of TH

1. resistance to dental caries 2. FLUORAPATITE – replaced OH group in Ca2+ P04salts - less absorbed < hydroxyapatite