Toc
This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Report DMCA
Overview
Download & View Toc as PDF for free.
More details
- Words: 1,280
- Pages: 6
Contents PART ONE Chapter 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8
OVERVIEW
Introduction
What Operating Systems Do 3 Computer-System Organization 6 Computer-System Architecture 12 Operating-System Structure 18 Operating-System Operations 20 Process Management 23 Memory Management 24 Storage Management 25
Chapter 2
Operating-System Services 49 User Operating-System Interface 52 System Calls 55 Types of System Calls 58 System Programs 66 Operating-System Design and Implementation 68 2.7 Operating-System Structure 70
PART TWO 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
Protection and Security 29 Distributed Systems 30 Special-Purpose Systems 32 Computing Environments 34 Open-Source Operating Systems Summary 40 Exercises 42 Bibliographical Notes 46
37
Operating-System Structures
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
Chapter 3
1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14
2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12
Virtual Machines 76 Operating-System Debugging 84 Operating-System Generation 88 System Boot 89 Summary 90 Exercises 91 Bibliographical Notes 98
PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Processes
Process Concept 101 Process Scheduling 105 Operations on Processes 110 Interprocess Communication 116 Examples of IPC Systems 123
3.6 Communication in Client – Server Systems 128 3.7 Summary 140 Exercises 141 Bibliographical Notes 152 xvii
xviii
Contents
Chapter 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4
Overview 153 Multithreading Models Thread Libraries 159 Threading Issues 165
Chapter 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
171
5.6 Operating System Examples 5.7 Algorithm Evaluation 213 5.8 Summary 217 Exercises 218 Bibliographical Notes 223
206
Process Synchronization 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10
Monitors 244 Synchronization Examples 252 Atomic Transactions 257 Summary 267 Exercises 267 Bibliographical Notes 280
Deadlocks
PART THREE
8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5
200
System Model 283 Deadlock Characterization 285 Methods for Handling Deadlocks Deadlock Prevention 291 Deadlock Avoidance 294
Chapter 8
4.5 Operating-System Examples 4.6 Summary 174 Exercises 174 Bibliographical Notes 182
CPU Scheduling
Background 225 The Critical-Section Problem 227 Peterson’s Solution 229 Synchronization Hardware 231 Semaphores 234 Classic Problems of Synchronization 239
Chapter 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5
157
Basic Concepts 183 Scheduling Criteria 187 Scheduling Algorithms 188 Thread Scheduling 199 Multiple-Processor Scheduling
Chapter 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
Threads
290
7.6 Deadlock Detection 301 7.7 Recovery from Deadlock 304 7.8 Summary 306 Exercises 307 Bibliographical Notes 311
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Main Memory
Background 315 Swapping 322 Contiguous Memory Allocation 324 Paging 328 Structure of the Page Table 337
8.6 Segmentation 342 8.7 Example: The Intel Pentium 345 8.8 Summary 349 Exercises 350 Bibliographical Notes 354
Contents
Chapter 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7
xix
Virtual Memory 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11
Background 357 Demand Paging 361 Copy-on-Write 367 Page Replacement 369 Allocation of Frames 382 Thrashing 386 Memory-Mapped Files 390
PART FOUR
Allocating Kernel Memory 396 Other Considerations 399 Operating-System Examples 405 Summary 407 Exercises 409 Bibliographical Notes 417
STORAGE MANAGEMENT
Chapter 10 File-System Interface 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5
File Concept 421 Access Methods 430 Directory and Disk Structure File-System Mounting 444 File Sharing 446
433
10.6 Protection 451 10.7 Summary 456 Exercises 457 Bibliographical Notes 459
Chapter 11 File-System Implementation 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6
File-System Structure 461 File-System Implementation 464 Directory Implementation 470 Allocation Methods 471 Free-Space Management 479 Efficiency and Performance 482
11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10
Recovery 486 NFS 490 Example: The WAFL File System Summary 498 Exercises 499 Bibliographical Notes 502
496
Chapter 12 Mass-Storage Structure 12.1 Overview of Mass-Storage Structure 505 12.2 Disk Structure 508 12.3 Disk Attachment 509 12.4 Disk Scheduling 510 12.5 Disk Management 516 12.6 Swap-Space Management 520
12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10
RAID Structure 522 Stable-Storage Implementation 533 Tertiary-Storage Structure 534 Summary 543 Exercises 545 Bibliographical Notes 552
Chapter 13 I/O Systems 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5
Overview 555 I/O Hardware 556 Application I/O Interface 565 Kernel I/O Subsystem 571 Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations 578
13.6 STREAMS 580 13.7 Performance 582 13.8 Summary 585 Exercises 586 Bibliographical Notes 588
xx
Contents
PART FIVE Chapter 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6
Protection
14.7 Revocation of Access Rights 606 Goals of Protection 591 14.8 Capability-Based Systems 607 Principles of Protection 592 14.9 Language-Based Protection 610 Domain of Protection 593 14.10 Summary 615 Access Matrix 598 Exercises 616 Implementation of Access Matrix 602 Bibliographical Notes 618 Access Control 605
Chapter 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7
PROTECTION AND SECURITY
Security
15.8 Computer-Security The Security Problem 621 Classifications 662 Program Threats 625 15.9 An Example: Windows XP 664 System and Network Threats 633 Cryptography as a Security Tool 638 15.10 Summary 665 Exercises 666 User Authentication 649 Bibliographical Notes 668 Implementing Security Defenses 654 Firewalling to Protect Systems and Networks 661
PART SIX Chapter 16
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Distributed System Structures
16.1 Motivation 673 16.2 Types of Networkbased Operating Systems 675 16.3 Network Structure 679 16.4 Network Topology 683 16.5 Communication Structure 684 16.6 Communication Protocols 690
Chapter 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5
18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5
Robustness 694 Design Issues 697 An Example: Networking 699 Summary 701 Exercises 701 Bibliographical Notes 704
Distributed File Systems
Background 705 Naming and Transparency 707 Remote File Access 710 Stateful Versus Stateless Service 715 File Replication 716
Chapter 18
16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10
17.6 An Example: AFS 718 17.7 Summary 723 Exercises 724 Bibliographical Notes 725
Distributed Coordination
Event Ordering 727 Mutual Exclusion 730 Atomicity 733 Concurrency Control 736 Deadlock Handling 740
18.6 Election Algorithms 747 18.7 Reaching Agreement 750 18.8 Summary 752 Exercises 753 Bibliographical Notes 755
Contents
PART SEVEN
SPECIAL P - URPOSE SYSTEMS
Chapter 19 Real-Time Systems 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4
19.5 Real-Time CPU Scheduling 768 19.6 An Example: VxWorks 5.x 774 19.7 Summary 776 Exercises 777 Bibliographical Notes 778
Overview 759 System Characteristics 760 Features of Real-Time Kernels 762 Implementing Real-Time Operating Systems 764
Chapter 20 Multimedia Systems 20.6 Network Management 789 20.7 An Example: CineBlitz 792 20.8 Summary 795 Exercises 795 Bibliographical Notes 797
20.1 What Is Multimedia? 779 20.2 Compression 782 20.3 Requirements of Multimedia Kernels 784 20.4 CPU Scheduling 786 20.5 Disk Scheduling 787
PART EIGHT
CASE STUDIES
Chapter 21 The Linux System 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7
21.8 21.9 21.10 21.11 21.12
Linux History 801 Design Principles 806 Kernel Modules 809 Process Management 812 Scheduling 815 Memory Management 820 File Systems 828
Input and Output 834 Interprocess Communication 837 Network Structure 838 Security 840 Summary 843 Exercises 844 Bibliographical Notes 845
Chapter 22 Windows XP 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5
History 847 Design Principles 849 System Components 851 Environmental Subsystems File System 878
874
22.6 Networking 886 22.7 Programmer Interface 892 22.8 Summary 900 Exercises 900 Bibliographical Notes 901
Chapter 23 Influential Operating Systems 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.8
Feature Migration 903 Early Systems 904 Atlas 911 XDS-940 912 THE 913 RC 4000 913 CTSS 914 MULTICS 915
23.9 23.10 23.11 23.12
IBM OS/360 915 TOPS-20 917 CP/M and MS/DOS 917 Macintosh Operating System and Windows 918 23.13 Mach 919 23.14 Other Systems 920 Exercises 921
xxi
xxii
Contents
PART NINE Appendix A A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6
APPENDICES
BSD UNIX (contents online) A.7 A.8 A.9 A.10
UNIX History A1 Design Principles A6 Programmer Interface A8 User Interface A15 Process Management A18 Memory Management A22
File System A24 I/O System A32 Interprocess Communication A35 Summary A40 Exercises A41 Bibliographical Notes A42
Appendix B The Mach System (contents online) B.1 B.2 B.3 B.4 B.5
History of the Mach System B1 Design Principles B3 System Components B4 Process Management B7 Interprocess Communication B13
B.6 Memory Management B18 B.7 Programmer Interface B23 B.8 Summary B24 Exercises B25 Bibliographical Notes B26
Appendix C Windows 2000 (contents online) C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4 C.5
History C1 Design Principles C2 System Components C3 Environmental Subsystems File System C21
Bibliography 923 Credits 955 Index 957
C19
C.6 Networking C28 C.7 Programmer Interface C33 C.8 Summary C40 Exercises C40 Bibliographical Notes C41
OVERVIEW
Introduction
What Operating Systems Do 3 Computer-System Organization 6 Computer-System Architecture 12 Operating-System Structure 18 Operating-System Operations 20 Process Management 23 Memory Management 24 Storage Management 25
Chapter 2
Operating-System Services 49 User Operating-System Interface 52 System Calls 55 Types of System Calls 58 System Programs 66 Operating-System Design and Implementation 68 2.7 Operating-System Structure 70
PART TWO 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
Protection and Security 29 Distributed Systems 30 Special-Purpose Systems 32 Computing Environments 34 Open-Source Operating Systems Summary 40 Exercises 42 Bibliographical Notes 46
37
Operating-System Structures
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6
Chapter 3
1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14
2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12
Virtual Machines 76 Operating-System Debugging 84 Operating-System Generation 88 System Boot 89 Summary 90 Exercises 91 Bibliographical Notes 98
PROCESS MANAGEMENT
Processes
Process Concept 101 Process Scheduling 105 Operations on Processes 110 Interprocess Communication 116 Examples of IPC Systems 123
3.6 Communication in Client – Server Systems 128 3.7 Summary 140 Exercises 141 Bibliographical Notes 152 xvii
xviii
Contents
Chapter 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4
Overview 153 Multithreading Models Thread Libraries 159 Threading Issues 165
Chapter 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5
171
5.6 Operating System Examples 5.7 Algorithm Evaluation 213 5.8 Summary 217 Exercises 218 Bibliographical Notes 223
206
Process Synchronization 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10
Monitors 244 Synchronization Examples 252 Atomic Transactions 257 Summary 267 Exercises 267 Bibliographical Notes 280
Deadlocks
PART THREE
8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5
200
System Model 283 Deadlock Characterization 285 Methods for Handling Deadlocks Deadlock Prevention 291 Deadlock Avoidance 294
Chapter 8
4.5 Operating-System Examples 4.6 Summary 174 Exercises 174 Bibliographical Notes 182
CPU Scheduling
Background 225 The Critical-Section Problem 227 Peterson’s Solution 229 Synchronization Hardware 231 Semaphores 234 Classic Problems of Synchronization 239
Chapter 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5
157
Basic Concepts 183 Scheduling Criteria 187 Scheduling Algorithms 188 Thread Scheduling 199 Multiple-Processor Scheduling
Chapter 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
Threads
290
7.6 Deadlock Detection 301 7.7 Recovery from Deadlock 304 7.8 Summary 306 Exercises 307 Bibliographical Notes 311
MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Main Memory
Background 315 Swapping 322 Contiguous Memory Allocation 324 Paging 328 Structure of the Page Table 337
8.6 Segmentation 342 8.7 Example: The Intel Pentium 345 8.8 Summary 349 Exercises 350 Bibliographical Notes 354
Contents
Chapter 9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7
xix
Virtual Memory 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11
Background 357 Demand Paging 361 Copy-on-Write 367 Page Replacement 369 Allocation of Frames 382 Thrashing 386 Memory-Mapped Files 390
PART FOUR
Allocating Kernel Memory 396 Other Considerations 399 Operating-System Examples 405 Summary 407 Exercises 409 Bibliographical Notes 417
STORAGE MANAGEMENT
Chapter 10 File-System Interface 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5
File Concept 421 Access Methods 430 Directory and Disk Structure File-System Mounting 444 File Sharing 446
433
10.6 Protection 451 10.7 Summary 456 Exercises 457 Bibliographical Notes 459
Chapter 11 File-System Implementation 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6
File-System Structure 461 File-System Implementation 464 Directory Implementation 470 Allocation Methods 471 Free-Space Management 479 Efficiency and Performance 482
11.7 11.8 11.9 11.10
Recovery 486 NFS 490 Example: The WAFL File System Summary 498 Exercises 499 Bibliographical Notes 502
496
Chapter 12 Mass-Storage Structure 12.1 Overview of Mass-Storage Structure 505 12.2 Disk Structure 508 12.3 Disk Attachment 509 12.4 Disk Scheduling 510 12.5 Disk Management 516 12.6 Swap-Space Management 520
12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10
RAID Structure 522 Stable-Storage Implementation 533 Tertiary-Storage Structure 534 Summary 543 Exercises 545 Bibliographical Notes 552
Chapter 13 I/O Systems 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5
Overview 555 I/O Hardware 556 Application I/O Interface 565 Kernel I/O Subsystem 571 Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations 578
13.6 STREAMS 580 13.7 Performance 582 13.8 Summary 585 Exercises 586 Bibliographical Notes 588
xx
Contents
PART FIVE Chapter 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6
Protection
14.7 Revocation of Access Rights 606 Goals of Protection 591 14.8 Capability-Based Systems 607 Principles of Protection 592 14.9 Language-Based Protection 610 Domain of Protection 593 14.10 Summary 615 Access Matrix 598 Exercises 616 Implementation of Access Matrix 602 Bibliographical Notes 618 Access Control 605
Chapter 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7
PROTECTION AND SECURITY
Security
15.8 Computer-Security The Security Problem 621 Classifications 662 Program Threats 625 15.9 An Example: Windows XP 664 System and Network Threats 633 Cryptography as a Security Tool 638 15.10 Summary 665 Exercises 666 User Authentication 649 Bibliographical Notes 668 Implementing Security Defenses 654 Firewalling to Protect Systems and Networks 661
PART SIX Chapter 16
DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS Distributed System Structures
16.1 Motivation 673 16.2 Types of Networkbased Operating Systems 675 16.3 Network Structure 679 16.4 Network Topology 683 16.5 Communication Structure 684 16.6 Communication Protocols 690
Chapter 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 17.5
18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5
Robustness 694 Design Issues 697 An Example: Networking 699 Summary 701 Exercises 701 Bibliographical Notes 704
Distributed File Systems
Background 705 Naming and Transparency 707 Remote File Access 710 Stateful Versus Stateless Service 715 File Replication 716
Chapter 18
16.7 16.8 16.9 16.10
17.6 An Example: AFS 718 17.7 Summary 723 Exercises 724 Bibliographical Notes 725
Distributed Coordination
Event Ordering 727 Mutual Exclusion 730 Atomicity 733 Concurrency Control 736 Deadlock Handling 740
18.6 Election Algorithms 747 18.7 Reaching Agreement 750 18.8 Summary 752 Exercises 753 Bibliographical Notes 755
Contents
PART SEVEN
SPECIAL P - URPOSE SYSTEMS
Chapter 19 Real-Time Systems 19.1 19.2 19.3 19.4
19.5 Real-Time CPU Scheduling 768 19.6 An Example: VxWorks 5.x 774 19.7 Summary 776 Exercises 777 Bibliographical Notes 778
Overview 759 System Characteristics 760 Features of Real-Time Kernels 762 Implementing Real-Time Operating Systems 764
Chapter 20 Multimedia Systems 20.6 Network Management 789 20.7 An Example: CineBlitz 792 20.8 Summary 795 Exercises 795 Bibliographical Notes 797
20.1 What Is Multimedia? 779 20.2 Compression 782 20.3 Requirements of Multimedia Kernels 784 20.4 CPU Scheduling 786 20.5 Disk Scheduling 787
PART EIGHT
CASE STUDIES
Chapter 21 The Linux System 21.1 21.2 21.3 21.4 21.5 21.6 21.7
21.8 21.9 21.10 21.11 21.12
Linux History 801 Design Principles 806 Kernel Modules 809 Process Management 812 Scheduling 815 Memory Management 820 File Systems 828
Input and Output 834 Interprocess Communication 837 Network Structure 838 Security 840 Summary 843 Exercises 844 Bibliographical Notes 845
Chapter 22 Windows XP 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5
History 847 Design Principles 849 System Components 851 Environmental Subsystems File System 878
874
22.6 Networking 886 22.7 Programmer Interface 892 22.8 Summary 900 Exercises 900 Bibliographical Notes 901
Chapter 23 Influential Operating Systems 23.1 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.5 23.6 23.7 23.8
Feature Migration 903 Early Systems 904 Atlas 911 XDS-940 912 THE 913 RC 4000 913 CTSS 914 MULTICS 915
23.9 23.10 23.11 23.12
IBM OS/360 915 TOPS-20 917 CP/M and MS/DOS 917 Macintosh Operating System and Windows 918 23.13 Mach 919 23.14 Other Systems 920 Exercises 921
xxi
xxii
Contents
PART NINE Appendix A A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6
APPENDICES
BSD UNIX (contents online) A.7 A.8 A.9 A.10
UNIX History A1 Design Principles A6 Programmer Interface A8 User Interface A15 Process Management A18 Memory Management A22
File System A24 I/O System A32 Interprocess Communication A35 Summary A40 Exercises A41 Bibliographical Notes A42
Appendix B The Mach System (contents online) B.1 B.2 B.3 B.4 B.5
History of the Mach System B1 Design Principles B3 System Components B4 Process Management B7 Interprocess Communication B13
B.6 Memory Management B18 B.7 Programmer Interface B23 B.8 Summary B24 Exercises B25 Bibliographical Notes B26
Appendix C Windows 2000 (contents online) C.1 C.2 C.3 C.4 C.5
History C1 Design Principles C2 System Components C3 Environmental Subsystems File System C21
Bibliography 923 Credits 955 Index 957
C19
C.6 Networking C28 C.7 Programmer Interface C33 C.8 Summary C40 Exercises C40 Bibliographical Notes C41
Related Documents
Toc Toc Toc
June 2020 24
Toc
August 2019 65
Toc
November 2019 42
Toc
November 2019 38
Toc
May 2020 29
Toc
October 2019 35More Documents from ""
Undrestanding Computer Hardware
November 2019 18
Toc
November 2019 21
Windown Introduction
November 2019 12
How Stuff Works Processor Management
November 2019 8
Quantum Computer
November 2019 12