THL Credit Inc. N-2 6/1/2009 Section 1: N-2 (FORM N-2) As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
, 2009 Securities Act Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, DC 20549
FORM N-2 Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 Pre-Effective Amendment No. ¨ Post-Effective Amendment No. ¨
THL Credit, Inc. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
100 Federal Street, 31st Floor Boston, MA 02110 (Address of Principal Executive Offices)
(800) 450-4424 (Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
James K. Hunt THL Credit, Inc. 100 Federal Street, 31st Floor Boston, MA 02110 (Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copies to: Richard T. Prins Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP Four Times Square New York, NY 10036 (212) 735-3000
Paul K. Risko John A. MacKinnon Sidley Austin LLP 787 Seventh Avenue New York, NY 10019 (212) 839-5300
APPROXIMATE DATE OF PROPOSED PUBLIC OFFERING: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any securities being registered on this form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan, check the following box. o CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Title of Securities Being Registered
Amount Being Registered (1)
Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Unit
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(2)
Amount of Registration Fee
$
$300,000,000
$16,740
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share (1) (2)
Includes the underwriters’ over-allotment option. Estimated pursuant to Rule 457(o) solely for the purpose of determining the registration fee.
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that the Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such dates as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
PROSPECTUS The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the Securities and Exchange Commission declares our registration statement effective. This prosectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion Preliminary Prospectus dated
, 2009
Shares
THL Credit, Inc. Common Stock We are a newly organized, externally-managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company that intends to file an election to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Our investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation, primarily through the origination of privately negotiated investments in debt and equity securities in middle-market companies. We anticipate that our portfolio will be primarily comprised of investments in mezzanine loans made to middle-market companies. We will be managed by our investment advisor THL Credit Advisors, L.P., which will also provide the administrative services necessary for us to operate. Because we are newly organized, our shares have no history of public trading. We intend to apply to have our common stock approved for quotation on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “TCRD.” This prospectus contains important information you should know before investing in our common stock. Please read it carefully before you invest and keep it for future reference. Upon completion of this offering, we will file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information about us with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We maintain a website at http://www. and intend to make all of our annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other publicly filed information available, free of charge, on or through our website. You may also obtain such information by contacting us at THL Credit, Inc., 100 Federal Street, 31st floor, Boston, MA 02110, or by calling us at (800) 450-4424. The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a website at http://www.sec.gov where such information is available without charge upon request. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider information contained on our website to be part of this prospectus. Shares of closed-end investment companies, which are structured similarly to us, frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value. This risk is likely to apply to our shares of common stock as well and may be greater for investors expecting to sell their shares in a relatively short period after completion of the public offering.
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk, including credit risk and the risk of the use of leverage. Before buying any shares of our common stock, you should read the discussion of the material risks of investing in our common stock in “Risks” beginning on page 11 of this prospectus.
Public offering price
Per Share $
Total $
Sales load (underwriting discount and commission) Proceeds, before expenses, to us(1)
$ $ $ $
(1)
We estimate that we will incur expenses of approximately $
in connection with this offering.
We have granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to additional shares of our common stock at the public offering price, less the sales load, within 30 days of the date of this prospectus solely to cover over-allotments, if any. If the underwriters exercise this option in full, the total price to the public, sales load and proceeds will be $ ,$ , and $ , respectively. See “Underwriting.” Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or
determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The underwriters expect to deliver the shares on or about
, 2009.
Merrill Lynch & Co.
Citi
The date of this prospectus is
Deutsche Bank Securities
, 2009.
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Prospectus Summary
1
The Offering
6
Fees and Expenses
9
Risks
11
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
24
Use of Proceeds
26
Distributions
27
The Company
28
Management of the Company
37
Certain Relationships
41
The Advisor
42
Determination of Net Asset Value
49
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
52
Description of Shares
53
Shares Eligible for Future Sale
56
Regulation
57
Brokerage Allocations and Other Practices
61
Tax Matters
62
Underwriting
67
Custodian and Transfer Agent
72
Legal Matters
72
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
72
Additional Information
72
Privacy Principles
72 ________________
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus. Our business, financial condition and prospects may have changed since that date.
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary highlights some of the information in this prospectus. It is not complete and may not contain all of the information that you may want to consider before investing in our common stock. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including “Risks.” Throughout this prospectus, we refer to THL Credit, Inc. as the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our;” THL Credit Advisors, L.P. as “THL Credit Advisors,” the “Advisor” or the “Administrator” and Thomas H. Lee Partners, L.P. as “THL Partners.”
THL Credit, Inc. We are a newly organized, externally-managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company that intends to file an election to be regulated as a business development company, or BDC, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, which we refer to as the 1940 Act. In addition, for tax purposes we intend to elect to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, which we refer to as the Code. Our investment activities are managed by THL Credit Advisors and supervised by our board of directors, a majority of whom are independent of THL Credit Advisors and its affiliates. As a BDC, we are required to comply with certain regulatory requirements. See “Regulation.”
Our investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation, primarily through investments in privately negotiated debt and equity securities of middle-market companies. We invest primarily in private subordinated debt, which in many cases includes an associated equity component such as warrants or other similar securities. In certain instances we will also make direct equity investments. We define middle-market companies to mean both public and privately-held companies with annual revenues of between $50 million and $500 million and with annual minimum earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, of $10 million. We expect to generate returns through a combination of contractual interest payments on debt investments, equity appreciation (through options, warrants, conversion rights or direct equity investments) and origination and similar fees.
We believe there are significant opportunities to finance middle-market companies that require capital for growth and acquisitions. We also believe that, as a result of the current credit crisis, a significant investment opportunity exists to invest in middle-market companies requiring subordinated loans, often referred to as mezzanine loans, to recapitalize their balance sheets. Additionally, we do not intend to invest in start-up companies, operationally distressed situations or companies with speculative business plans. Furthermore, we may invest throughout an entity’s capital structure, which may include senior secured loans, common and preferred equity, options and warrants, high-yield bonds and other structured securities. In addition, we may from time to time invest up to 30% of our assets opportunistically in other types of investments, including securities of larger public companies and foreign securities. We anticipate that, over time, our investment portfolio will consist primarily of investments in mezzanine loans.
It is also our belief that a combination of sponsored and unsponsored mezzanine investments is important to having the most attractive opportunities across investment cycles. Although we will invest in both sponsored and unsponsored companies, our origination efforts will emphasize investments in unsponsored companies.
Unsponsored companies are either micro cap public companies or privately-held companies typically owned and controlled by entrepreneurs rather than private equity firms. We believe that unsponsored middle-market companies represent the largest and most attractive mezzanine investment opportunity for two primary reasons: (1) the number of unsponsored companies far exceeds the number of sponsored companies; and (2) over the next several years the demand for junior capital by unsponsored companies is expected to outweigh the demand for junior capital by private equity firms in the leverage buyout, or LBO, business. We also believe that investments in unsponsored companies will provide for the most attractive economics, alignment of interests with management and the greatest control for us as an investor.
With respect to sponsored transactions, we expect the demand for leveraged buyouts to remain significantly reduced from prior years. This, we believe, will be primarily the result of reduced senior lending from banks and collateralized loan obligations. However, we do expect significant demand from sponsors who need to recapitalize the balance sheets of certain of their portfolio companies or, in certain situations, acquire portfolio companies.
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We do not anticipate borrowing money for investment purposes at this time. However, we may borrow money within the levels permitted by the 1940 Act when the terms and conditions available are favorable to long-term investing and well-aligned with our investment strategy and portfolio composition. In determining whether to borrow money, we will analyze the maturity, covenant package and rate structure of the proposed borrowings as well as the risks of such borrowings compared to our investment outlook.
THL Credit Advisors, L.P. Our investment activities are managed by our investment advisor, THL Credit Advisors. THL Credit Advisors is responsible for sourcing potential investments, conducting research on prospective investments, analyzing investment opportunities, structuring our investments, and monitoring our investments and portfolio companies on an ongoing basis. THL Credit Advisors is led by James K. Hunt and Sam W. Tillinghast, who, along with Gregory S. Hammer, Christopher F. Ochs and W. Hunter Stropp, constitute its principals. We refer to these individuals collectively as the THL Credit Principals. The THL Credit Principals, together with Terrence W. Olson, our Chief Financial Officer, and other investment professionals make up our investment team.
Before joining an affiliate of THL Credit Advisors two years ago, the THL Credit Principals, who have 20 years of investment experience on average, have been responsible for over $40 billion in investments, which included identifying, evaluating, structuring, managing and monitoring mezzanine debt, leveraged loans, high-yield bonds, private placements and private equity investments. The THL Credit Principals have worked together extensively in the past and have invested through multiple business and credit cycles, investing across the entire capital structure with the objective of generating attractive, long-term, risk-adjusted returns. The THL Credit Principals bring a unique investment perspective and skill set by virtue of their complementary, collective experience as both debt and equity investors. In addition, they bring an active equity ownership mentality and intend to focus on adding value to portfolio companies through board representation, when possible, active monitoring and direct dialogue with management.
Through an affiliated entity, the employees of THL Credit Advisors currently manage THL Credit Opportunities, L.P., a private credit opportunities fund with approximately $171 million in drawn capital and undrawn capital commitments and a three-year remaining investment period. THL Credit Advisors is exploring structures to enable investors in THL Credit Opportunities, L.P. to cancel their undrawn capital commitments (less a reserve for follow-on investments) in THL Credit Opportunities, L.P. to the extent they purchase shares from us in connection with this offering. Upon completion of this offering, it is expected that THL Credit Opportunities, L.P. will restrict its activities to its current portfolio, which consists of seven investments in primarily senior secured loans, and making follow-on investments and that the THL Credit Principals and remainder of the team will focus their efforts on our business although THL Credit Advisors is not restricted from managing additional investment funds in the future.
THL Credit Advisors also serves as our administrator and leases office space to us and provides us with equipment and office services. The tasks of our administrator include overseeing our financial records, preparing reports to our stockholders and reports filed with the SEC and generally monitoring the payment of our expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to us by others.
We expect to benefit from THL Credit Advisors' relationship with THL Partners. Founded in 1974, THL Partners is one of the oldest and largest private equity investment firms in the United States. Since its establishment, THL Partners has raised approximately $22 billion of equity capital and together with its affiliates, completed acquisitions of more than 100 businesses and over 200 add-on transactions, with an aggregate purchase price in excess of $125 billion. THL Partners focuses its high value-added strategy on growth businesses and seeks to partner with the best managers in an industry to build great companies. THL Credit Advisors will have access to the contacts and industry knowledge of THL Partners’ investment team to enhance its transaction sourcing capabilities and will also be able to consult with the THL Partners team on specific industry issues, trends and other matters to complement our investment process.
Market opportunity We intend to invest primarily in private subordinated debt investments of middle-market companies. Because the general economic climate and financial markets have deteriorated since the summer of 2007, we believe opportunities to
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invest in solid, underserved middle-market companies remain plentiful. We believe the environment for investing in middle-market companies is attractive for several reasons, including:
Consolidation among commercial banks has reduced the focus on middle-market business. We believe that many senior lenders have de-emphasized their service and product offerings to middle-market companies in favor of lending to large corporate clients, managing capital markets transactions and providing other non-credit services to their customers. Further, many financial institutions and traditional lenders are faced with constrained balance sheets and are requiring existing borrowers to reduce leverage.
Middle-market companies are increasingly seeking lenders with long-term permanent capital for debt and equity capital. We believe that many middle-market companies prefer to execute transactions with private capital providers such as us, rather than execute high-yield bond or equity transactions in the public markets, which may necessitate increased financial and regulatory compliance and reporting obligations. Further, we believe many middle-market companies are inclined to seek capital from a small number of providers with access to permanent capital that can satisfy their specific needs and can serve as value-added financial partners with an understanding of, and longer-term view oriented towards the growth of such businesses.
The current market environment may mean more favorable terms for investments in middle-market companies. We believe the tight supply of all forms of credit due to deleveraging by banks, hedge funds and structured investment vehicles, such as CLOs, will remain for years and that this situation provides a promising environment in which to originate mezzanine investments. This has resulted in mezzanine investments being characterized by lower leverage multiples, higher current returns, greater opportunity for equity appreciation, better prepayment protection, tighter deal structures and more meaningful financial covenants.
Investment strategy Our investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation, primarily through investments in privately negotiated debt and equity securities of middle-market companies. We invest primarily in private subordinated debt, which in many cases includes an associated equity component such as warrants or other similar securities. In certain instances we will also make direct equity investments. We have a preference for investments where our capital will be used to support organic growth, acquisitions, or market or product expansion, and where the shareholders’ capital stays in the company, rather than transactions which involve change of control or dividend recapitalization. As such, our investment advisor will target companies with strong operators or management teams which maintain a strong alignment of interests in their business and are seeking capital to grow the company. In these situations, we expect a substantial portion of the shareholders’ net worth will be subordinated to our debt instrument, reinforcing this alignment of interests.
Our strategy includes an intensive and proactive sourcing of transactions by our investment advisor who will target investments in both sponsored and unsponsored middle-market companies. Sponsored investments will be sourced via THL Credit Advisors’ long-standing relationships and ongoing development of new relationships with referral sources and equity sponsors who view our investment advisor as a partner in the transaction, rather than simply a source of capital to leverage their returns. Unsponsored investments will largely be sourced from a variety of regional and local intermediaries rather than large commercial or investment banks.
We believe a strategy focused on mezzanine debt in middle-market companies has a number of compelling attributes. First, the market for these instruments is relatively inefficient, allowing an experienced investor an opportunity to produce high risk-adjusted returns. Second, downside risk can be managed through an extensive credit-oriented underwriting process, creative structuring techniques and intensive portfolio monitoring. We believe private mezzanine investments generally involve the highest level of credit and legal due diligence among debt or credit asset classes. Lastly, compared with equity investments, returns on mezzanine loans tend to be less volatile given the substantial current return component and seniority in the capital structure relative to equity.
3
Competitive advantages We believe we possess the following competitive advantages over many other capital providers to middle-market companies:
Highly experienced management team. Before joining an affiliate of THL Credit Advisors two years ago, the THL Credit Principals, who have 20 years of investment experience on average, have been responsible for over $40 billion in investments, which included identifying, evaluating, structuring, managing and monitoring mezzanine debt, leveraged loans, high-yield bonds, private placements and private equity investments. The THL Credit Principals have worked together extensively in the past and have invested through multiple business and credit cycles, investing across the entire capital structure with the objective of generating attractive, long-term, risk-adjusted returns. Significant to executing on the Company’s strategy will be the THL Credit Principals’ unique investment perspective and skill-set by virtue of their complementary collective experience as both debt and equity investors. In addition, the THL Credit Principals bring an active equity ownership mentality and intend to focus on adding value to portfolio companies through board representation, active monitoring and direct dialogue with management.
National middle-market origination platform. With offices in Boston, Houston and Los Angeles, THL Credit Advisors has deep and diverse national origination relationships in the mezzanine and private equity markets. These relationships provide an important channel through which our investment advisor expects to generate deal flow consistent with our investment strategy. Members of THL Credit Advisors’ investment team have relationships with investment bankers, commercial bankers (national, regional and local), lawyers, accountants and business brokers as well as access to the extensive network of THL Partners. THL Credit Advisors actively utilizes these relationships and networks to source and execute attractive investments, and maintains a database and set of reports where the details of all potential investment opportunities are tracked. Further, we believe the investment history and long-standing reputation of the THL Credit Advisors investment team members in the market allow THL Credit Advisors an early look at new investment opportunities.
Ability to Execute Unsponsored Mezzanine Transactions. THL Credit Advisors believes it is one of the few credit market participants that possesses the extensive experience and resources to source unsponsored mezzanine transactions. Furthermore, THL Credit Advisors has the capability to perform the rigorous in-house due diligence, structuring and monitoring capabilities necessary to execute such transactions.
Disciplined investment process with focus on preservation of capital. Capital preservation is fundamental to our investment advisor’s investment approach and process. A rigorous due diligence and disciplined investment process is employed, including conducting fundamental, bottom-up research for each investment opportunity, and utilizing analysts, consultants and other professionals to supplement THL Credit Advisors’ work. Our investment advisor’s due diligence process includes a full analysis of the company’s management, industry, market and competitive positioning, financials and valuation.
No legacy portfolio. As a newly created vehicle, we are not adversely affected by deteriorating credit quality of investments held in any legacy portfolios. We believe this provides us with a significant competitive advantage as we will be able to deploy our available capital into investments that have been structured and priced to reflect current rather than historical market conditions. Additionally, our efforts can be more focused on sourcing and accessing new investments.
Company Information Our administrative and executive offices are located at 100 Federal Street, 31st Floor, Boston, MA 02110, and our telephone number is (800) 450-4424. We maintain a website at http://www. . Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider information contained on our website to be part of this prospectus.
4
Risks Investing in our Company involves a high degree of risk. See “Risks” beginning on page 11 of this prospectus for a more detailed discussion of the material risks you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common stock.
5
THE OFFERING The Offering
We are offering shares of our common stock through a group of underwriters (the “underwriters”). We have granted to the underwriters an overallotment option to purchase up to additional shares of our common stock to cover over-allotments, if any. We are concurrently offering shares of our common stock at the initial public offering price directly to some of our employees and to investors in THL Credit Opportunities, L.P. pursuant to this prospectus. These shares are included in the shares being sold pursuant to this prospectus. Since these shares are being sold directly by us and not through the underwriters, no underwriting discount or commission will be paid to the underwriters for these shares.
Common Stock Outstanding After this Offering
shares, excluding shares of common stock issuable pursuant to the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters.
Proposed NASDAQ Global Select Market Symbol
“TCRD”
Use of Proceeds
The net proceeds of the offering are estimated to be approximately $ million (approximately $ million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional shares in full) after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds to make investments in portfolio companies in accordance with our investment objective and for general corporate purposes. Pending such investments, we will invest the remaining net proceeds of this offering primarily in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities and other high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. These securities may have lower yields than our other investments and accordingly may result in lower distributions, if any, during such period. See “Use of Proceeds.”
Investment Management Agreement
We have entered into an investment management agreement with THL Credit Advisors, under which THL Credit Advisors, subject to the overall supervision of our board of directors, manages our day-to-day operations and provides investment advisory services to us. For providing these services, THL Credit Advisors receives a base management fee from us at an annual rate of 1.5% of our gross assets, including any assets acquired with the proceeds of leverage. The investment management agreement also provides that THL Credit Advisors or its affiliates may be entitled to an incentive fee under certain circumstances. The incentive fee has two components, which are independent of each other, with the result that one component may be payable even if the other is not. Under the first component we will pay THL Credit Advisors each quarter 15.0% of the amount by which our accrued net income for the quarter after expenses and excluding the effect of any realized capital gains and losses and any unrealized appreciation and depreciation for the quarter exceeds 2.0% (which is 8.0% annualized) of our net assets at the end of the immediately preceding calendar quarter, subject to a "catch-up" feature. Under the second component of the incentive fee, we will pay THL Credit Advisors at the end of each calendar year 15.0% of our realized capital gains from inception through the end of that year, computed net of all realized capital losses and all unrealized depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees. The second component of the incentive fee is not subject to any minimum return to stockholders. The investment management agreement provides that
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we will reimburse THL Credit Advisors for costs and expenses incurred by THL Credit Advisors for office space rental, office equipment and utilities allocable to the performance by THL Credit Advisors of its duties under that agreement; various non-overhead expenses such as due diligence, monitoring and enforcement of our rights; any costs and expenses incurred by THL Credit Advisors relating to any non-investment advisory, administrative or operating services provided by THL Credit Advisors to us. See “The Advisor—Investment Management Agreement.” Distributions
We intend to distribute quarterly dividends to stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution. Our quarterly distributions, if any, will be determined by our board of directors.
Taxation
We intend to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a RIC. As a RIC, we generally will not have to pay corporate-level federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that we distribute to our stockholders as dividends. To maintain our RIC status and obtain favorable RIC tax treatment, we must meet specified source-of-income and asset diversification requirements and distribute annually at least 90% of our ordinary income and realized net shortterm capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any. See “Distributions” and “Tax Matters.”
Custodian and Transfer Agent
State Street Bank and Trust Company, or State Street, serves as our Custodian and Transfer Agent. See “Custodian and Transfer Agent.”
Borrowings
We do not anticipate borrowing money to make investments at this time. However, we may borrow money or issue debt securities within the levels permitted by the 1940 Act when the terms and conditions available are favorable to long-term investing and well-aligned with our investment strategy and portfolio composition in an effort to increase returns to our common stockholders. Borrowing involves significant risks. See “Risks.”
Trading at a Discount
Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a discount to their net asset value. The possibility that our shares may trade at a discount to our net asset value is separate and distinct from the risk that our net asset value per share may decline. Our net asset value immediately following this offering will reflect reductions resulting from the sales load and the amount of the organization and offering expenses paid by us. This risk may have a greater effect on investors expecting to sell their shares soon after completion of the public offering, and our shares may be more appropriate for long-term investors than for investors with shorter investment horizons. We cannot predict whether our shares will trade above, at or below net asset value.
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
We are adopting a dividend reinvestment plan for our stockholders. This will be an “opt in” dividend reinvestment plan. As a result, if we declare a cash dividend or other distribution, each stockholder that has not “opted in” to our dividend reinvestment plan will receive cash dividends, rather than having their dividends automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock. Stockholders who receive distributions in the form of shares of common stock will be subject to the same federal, state and local tax consequences as if they received their distributions in cash. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”
Anti-Takeover Provisions
Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws, as well as certain statutory and regulatory requirements, contain certain provisions that
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may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us. These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change in control in circumstances that could give the holders of our common stock the opportunity to realize a premium over the market price for our common stock. See “Description of Shares.” In addition, our board of directors will be divided into three classes with the term of one class expiring at each annual meeting of stockholders. This structure is intended to provide us with a greater likelihood of continuity of management. A staggered board of directors also may serve to deter hostile takeovers or proxy contests, as may certain other measures we have adopted. See “Description of Shares.” Administrator
Under a separate administration agreement, THL Credit Advisors also serves as our administrator. As Administrator, THL Credit Advisors oversees our financial records, prepares reports to our stockholders and reports filed with the SEC, leases office space to us, provides us with equipment and office services and generally monitors the payment of our expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to us by others. We reimburse the Administrator for its costs in providing these services.
Available Information
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form N-2 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, which contains additional information about us and the shares of our common stock being offered by this prospectus. After completion of this offering, we will be obligated to file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. This information will be available at the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. and on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. We maintain a website at http://www. and intend to make all of our annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other publicly filed information available, free of charge, on or through our website. You may also obtain such information by contacting us at 100 Federal Street, 31st Floor, Boston, MA 02110, or by calling us at (800) 450-4424. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and you should not consider information contained on our website to be part of this prospectus.
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FEES AND EXPENSES
The following table is intended to assist you in understanding the costs and expenses that an investor in this offering will bear directly or indirectly. However, we caution you that some of the percentages indicated in the table below are estimates and may vary. The following table and example should not be considered a representation of our future expenses. Actual expenses may be greater or less than shown. Except where the context suggests otherwise, whenever this prospectus contains a reference to fees or expenses paid by “you” or “us” or that “we” will pay fees or expenses, stockholders will indirectly bear such fees or expenses as investors in the Company. Stockholder Transaction Expenses Sales Load (as a percentage of offering price) Offering Expenses (as a percentage of offering price) Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees
% % None
(1) (2) (3)
%
Total Stockholder Transaction Expenses (as a percentage of offering price)
Estimated Annual Expenses (as a Percentage of Net Assets Attributable to Common Shares) Base Management Fees Incentive Fees Payable Under the Investment Management Agreement Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds Other Expenses
1.50% 0.00% None %
(4) (5) (6)
%
Total Annual Expenses (estimated)
(4)(6)
Example The following example demonstrates the projected dollar amount of total cumulative expenses that would be incurred over various periods with respect to a hypothetical investment in our common stock. In calculating the following expense amounts, we have assumed that we have no indebtedness and our annual operating expenses remain at the levels set forth in the table above.
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5% annual return
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
$
$
$
10 Years
$
While the example assumes, as required by the SEC, a 5% annual return, our performance will vary and may result in a return greater or less than 5%. The incentive fee under our investment management agreement is unlikely to be significant assuming a 5% annual return and is not included in the example. If we achieve sufficient returns on our investments, including through the realization of capital gains, to trigger an incentive fee of a material amount, our distributions to our common stockholders and our expenses would likely be higher. In addition, while the example assumes reinvestment of all dividends and other distributions at net asset value, participants in our dividend reinvestment plan will receive a number of shares of our common stock determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the distribution payable to a participant by the market price per share of our common stock at the close of trading on the valuation date for the distribution. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan” for additional information regarding our dividend reinvestment plan.
(1)
The underwriting discount and commission with respect to shares sold in this offering, which are one-time fees to the underwriters in connection with this offering, are the only sales load being paid in connection with this offering.
(2)
Amount reflects estimated offering expenses of approximately $
(3)
The expenses of the dividend reinvestment plan are included in “ other expenses.” See “ Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”
(4)
Our base management fee under the investment management agreement is based on our gross assets and is payable quarterly in arrears. See “ The Advisor—
.
Investment Management Agreement.”
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(5)
Based on our current business plan, we anticipate that substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering will be used within 12-18 months in accordance with our investment objective. We expect that during this period we will not have any capital gains and that the amount of our interest income will not exceed the quarterly minimum hurdle rate discussed below. As a result, we do not anticipate paying any incentive fees in the first year after the completion of this offering. The incentive fee consists of two components: The first component, which is payable quarterly in arrears, will equal 15.0% of the excess, if any, of our “ Pre-Incentive Fee Net Investment Income” over a 2.0% quarterly (8.0% annualized) hurdle rate and a "catch-up" provision measured as of the end of each calendar quarter. Under this provision, in any calendar quarter, our investment adviser receives no incentive fee until our net investment income equals the hurdle rate of 2.0% but then receives, as a “ catch-up,” 100% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income with respect to that portion of such pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.353%. The effect of this provision is that, if pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 2.353% in any calendar quarter, our investment adviser will receive 15% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income as if a hurdle rate did not apply. The first component of the incentive fee will be computed and paid on income that may include interest that is accrued but not yet received in cash. The second component of the incentive fee will equal 15.0% of our “ Incentive Fee Capital Gains,” if any, which will equal our realized capital gains on a cumulative basis from inception through the end of each calendar year, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis, less the aggregate amount of any previously paid capital gain incentive fees. The second component of the incentive fee will be payable, in arrears, at the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the investment management agreement, as of the termination date), commencing with the year ending December 31, 2009. For a more detailed discussion of the calculation of this fee, see “ The Advisor–Investment Management Agreement.”
(6)
Includes estimated organizational expenses of $ (which are non-recurring) and our overhead expenses, including payments under the administration agreement based on our projected allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the administration agreement. See “ The Advisor —Administration Agreement.”
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RISKS
Before you invest in our common stock, you should be aware of various risks, including those described below. You should carefully consider these risk factors, together with all of the other information included in this prospectus, before you decide whether to make an investment in our common stock. The risks set out below are not the only risks we face. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, our net asset value and the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Certain risks in the current environment Capital markets are currently in a period of disruption and instability. These market conditions have materially and adversely affected debt and equity capital markets in the United States and abroad, which has had and could continue to result in a negative impact on our business and operations. We believe that beginning in 2007, the global capital markets entered into a period of disruption as evidenced by a lack of liquidity in the debt capital markets, significant write-offs in the financial services sector, the re-pricing of credit risk in the broadly syndicated credit market and the failure of certain major financial institutions. Despite actions of the United States federal government and foreign governments, these events have contributed to worsening general economic conditions that are materially and adversely impacting the broader financial and credit markets and reducing the availability of debt and equity capital for the market as a whole and financial services firms in particular. These conditions could continue for a prolonged period of time or worsen in the future. While these conditions persist, we and other companies in the financial services sector may be required to, or may choose to, seek access to alternative markets for debt and equity capital. Equity capital may be difficult to raise because, subject to some limited exceptions, we are not generally able to issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. In addition, the debt capital that will be available, if at all, may be at a higher cost, and on less favorable terms and conditions in the future. Conversely, the portfolio companies in which we will invest may not be able to service or refinance their debt, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition as we would experience reduced income or even losses. The inability to raise capital and the risk of portfolio company defaults may have a negative effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Risks related to our business We may suffer credit losses. Investment in middle-market companies is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk of credit loss, and therefore our securities may not be suitable for someone with a low tolerance for risk. These risks are likely to increase during an economic recession, such as the current economic recession that the U.S. and many other economies have been experiencing.
If we use borrowed funds or the proceeds of preferred stock to make investments, we will be exposed to risks typically associated with leverage which will increase the risk of investing in us. We may borrow money and may issue debt securities or preferred stock to leverage our capital structure, which is generally considered a speculative investment technique. As a result:
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our common shares would be exposed to incremental risk of loss; therefore, a decrease in the value of our investments would have a greater negative impact on the value of our common shares than if we did not use leverage;
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if we do not appropriately match the assets and liabilities of our business, adverse changes in interest rates could reduce or eliminate the incremental income we make with the proceeds of any leverage;
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our ability to pay dividends on our common stock may be restricted if our asset coverage ratio, as provided in the 1940 Act, is not at least 200% and any amounts used to service indebtedness or preferred stock would not be available for such dividends;
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any credit facility would be subject to periodic renewal by our lenders, whose continued participation cannot be guaranteed;
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such securities would be governed by an indenture or other instrument containing covenants restricting our operating flexibility;
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we, and indirectly our stockholders, bear the cost of issuing and paying interest or dividends on such securities; and
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any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of our common shares.
Under the provisions of the 1940 Act, we are permitted, as a BDC, to issue senior securities only in amounts such that our asset coverage ratio equals at least 200% after each issuance of senior securities. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test and we may be required to sell a portion of our investments and, depending on the nature of our leverage, repay a portion of our senior securities at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous.
The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business. We anticipate that our investments generally will be made in private companies. Substantially all of these securities will be subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or will be otherwise less liquid than publicly traded securities. The illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell such investments if the need arises. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we may realize significantly less than the value at which we had previously recorded our investments. In addition, we may face other restrictions on our ability to liquidate an investment in a portfolio company to the extent that we or an affiliated manager has material non-public information regarding such portfolio company.
A substantial portion of our portfolio investments may be recorded at fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of our board of directors and, as a result, there may be uncertainty regarding the value of our portfolio investments. The debt and equity securities in which we invest for which market quotations are not readily available will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of our board of directors. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of our investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a readily available market value existed for such investments, and the differences could be material. Our net asset value could be adversely affected if our determinations regarding the fair value of our investments were materially higher than the values that we ultimately realize upon the disposal of such investments.
We will be exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates. General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact on our investments, the value of our common stock and our rate of return on invested capital. A reduction in the interest rates on new investments relative to interest rates on current investments could also have an adverse impact on our net interest income. An increase in interest rates could decrease the value of any investments we hold which earn fixed interest rates, including subordinated loans, senior and junior secured and unsecured debt securities and loans and high-yield bonds, and also could increase our interest expense, thereby decreasing our net income. Also, an increase in interest rates available to investors could make investment in our common stock less attractive if we are not able to increase our dividend rate, which could reduce the value of our common stock.
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If THL Credit Advisors is unable to manage our investments effectively, we may be unable to achieve our investment objective. Our ability to achieve our investment objective will depend on our ability to manage our business, which will depend, in turn, on the ability of THL Credit Advisors to identify, invest in and monitor companies that meet our investment criteria. Accomplishing this result largely will be a function of THL Credit Advisors’ investment process and, in conjunction with its role as Administrator, its ability to provide competent, attentive and efficient services to us.
THL Credit Advisors’ senior management team is also the senior management team for an affiliate of THL Credit Advisors. This affiliate manages a private credit opportunities fund that currently consists of seven investments primarily in senior secured loans. They may also be required to provide managerial assistance to our portfolio companies. These demands on their time may distract them or slow our rate of investment. Any failure to manage our business effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may experience fluctuations in our periodic operating results. We could experience fluctuations in our periodic operating results due to a number of factors, including the interest rates payable on the debt securities we acquire, the default rate on such securities, the level of our expenses (including the interest rates payable on our borrowings), the dividend rates payable on preferred stock we issue, variations in and the timing of the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or losses, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets and general economic conditions. As a result of these factors, results for any period should not be relied upon as being indicative of performance in future periods.
Because we are a new company with no operating history, our income may be substantially lower than when our portfolio is fully invested and therefore our ability to make distributions may be limited. We were incorporated on May 26, 2009 and have not yet commenced operations. We are subject to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new business, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objective and that the value of your investment could decline substantially. We anticipate that it will take us up to 12-18 months to invest substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering in accordance with our investment objective. During this period, we will invest a declining portion of the net proceeds of this offering in short-term investments, such as cash and cash equivalents, which we expect will earn yields substantially lower than the interest income that we anticipate receiving in respect of investments in mezzanine loans, senior secured loans and equity securities. As a result, any distributions we make during this period may be substantially lower than the distributions that we expect to pay when our portfolio is fully invested.
Any failure on our part to maintain our status as a BDC would reduce our operating flexibility. If we fail to qualify as a BDC, we might be regulated as a closed-end investment company under the 1940 Act, which would subject us to substantially more regulatory restrictions under the 1940 Act and correspondingly decrease our operating flexibility.
There is a risk that we may not make distributions and that we may become subject to corporate-level income tax if we do not make sufficient distributions under the Code. We cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or periodically increase our dividend rate.
As a BDC, we are required to carry our investments at market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of our board of directors. Decreases in the market values or fair values of our investments will be recorded as unrealized depreciation. Any unrealized depreciation in our investment portfolio could be an indication of a portfolio company’s potential inability to meet its repayment obligations to us. This could result in realized losses in the future and ultimately in reductions of our income available for distribution in future periods.
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To qualify as a RIC under the Code, we must meet certain source-of-income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. The annual distribution requirement for a RIC is satisfied if we distribute at least 90% of our ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any, to our stockholders on an annual basis. To the extent we use debt financing or preferred stock, we may become subject to certain asset coverage ratio requirements and other financial covenants under the terms of our debt or preferred stock, and could in some circumstances also become subject to similar requirements under the 1940 Act, that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to qualify as a RIC. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify as a RIC and, thus, may be subject to corporate-level income tax. To qualify as a RIC, we must also meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each calendar quarter. Failure to meet these tests may result in our having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of RIC status. Because we anticipate that most of our investments will be in private companies, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and may result in substantial losses. If we fail to qualify as a RIC for any reason and become subject to corporate-level income tax, the resulting corporate-level income taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of our distributions.
We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income. For federal income tax purposes, we may include in income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as original issue discount, which may arise if we receive warrants in connection with the making of a loan or possibly in other circumstances, or payment-in-kind interest, which represents contractual interest added to the loan balance and due at the end of the loan term. Such original issue discount, which could be significant relative to our overall investment activities, or increases in loan balances as a result of payment-in-kind arrangements are included in income before we receive any corresponding cash payments. We also may be required to include in income certain other amounts that we do not receive in cash.
That part of the incentive fee payable by us that relates to our net investment income is computed and paid on income that may include interest that has been accrued but not yet received in cash. If a portfolio company defaults on a loan, it is possible that accrued interest previously used in the calculation of the incentive fee will become uncollectible. Consequently, we may make incentive fee payments on income accruals that we may not collect in the future and with respect to which we do not have a clawback right against our investment advisor.
Since in certain cases we may recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty meeting the tax requirement to distribute at least 90% of our ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net longterm capital losses, if any, to maintain our status as a RIC. Accordingly, we may have to sell some of our investments at times we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or reduce new investment originations to meet these distribution requirements.
The highly competitive market in which we operate may limit our investment opportunities. A number of entities compete with us to make the types of investments that we make. We compete with public and private funds, commercial and investment banks, commercial financing companies, and, to the extent they provide an alternative form of financing, private equity funds. Additionally, because competition for investment opportunities generally has increased among alternative investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, those entities have begun to invest in areas in which they have not traditionally invested. As a result of these new entrants, competition for investment opportunities intensified in recent years and may intensify further in the future. Some of our existing and potential competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than us. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions and valuation requirements that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC. We cannot assure you that the competitive pressures we face will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, as a result of this existing and potentially increasing competition, we may not be able to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities from time to time, and we can offer no assurance that we will be able to identify and make investments that are consistent with our investment objective.
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We do not seek to compete primarily based on the interest rates we offer, and we believe that some of our competitors make loans with interest rates that are comparable to or lower than the rates we offer.
We may lose investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure. If we match our competitors’ pricing, terms and structure, we may experience decreased net interest income and increased risk of credit loss.
The lack of experience of our investment advisor and its management in operating under the constraints imposed on us as a BDC may hinder the achievement of our investment objectives. The 1940 Act imposes numerous constraints on the operations of BDCs. For example, BDCs are required to invest at least 70% of their total assets primarily in securities of private or certain U.S. public companies outside of certain financial institutions, cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities and other high quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. THL Credit Advisors does not have experience investing under these constraints. These constraints, among others, may hinder THL Credit Advisors’ ability to take advantage of attractive investment opportunities and to achieve our investment objectives.
We are dependent upon senior management personnel of our investment advisor for our future success, and if our investment advisor is unable to retain qualified personnel or if our investment advisor loses any member of its senior management team, our ability to achieve our investment objective could be significantly harmed. We depend on the members of senior management of THL Credit Advisors, particularly its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer, James K. Hunt, and its President and Chief Operating Officer, Sam W. Tillinghast, as well as other key personnel for the identification, final selection, structuring, closing and monitoring of our investments. These employees of THL Credit Advisors have critical industry experience and relationships that we will rely on to implement our business plan. Our future success depends on the continued service of the THL Credit Principals and the rest of our investment advisor’s senior management team. The departure of any of the members of THL Credit Advisors’ senior management or a significant number of the members of its investment team could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objective. As a result, we may not be able to operate our business as we expect, and our ability to compete could be harmed, which could cause our operating results to suffer. In addition, we can offer no assurance that THL Credit Advisors will remain our investment advisor or our administrator.
Because we expect to distribute substantially all of our net investment income and net realized capital gains to our stockholders, we will need additional capital to finance our growth and such capital may not be available on favorable terms or at all. We intend to elect to be taxed for federal income tax purposes as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. If we meet certain requirements, including source of income, asset diversification and distribution requirements, and if we continue to qualify as a BDC, we will continue to qualify to be a RIC under the Code and will not have to pay corporate-level taxes on income we distribute to our stockholders as dividends, allowing us to substantially reduce or eliminate our corporate-level tax liability. As a BDC, we are generally required to meet a coverage ratio of total assets to total senior securities, which includes all of our borrowings and any preferred stock we may issue in the future, of at least 200% at the time we issue any debt or preferred stock. This requirement limits the amount of our leverage. Because we will continue to need capital to grow our investment portfolio, this limitation may prevent us from incurring debt or preferred stock and require us to raise additional equity at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. We cannot assure you that debt and equity financing will be available to us on favorable terms, or at all, and debt financings may be restricted by the terms of any of our outstanding borrowings. In addition, as a BDC, we are generally not permitted to issue common stock priced below net asset value without stockholder approval. If additional funds are not available to us, we could be forced to curtail or cease new lending and investment activities, and our net asset value could decline.
Our board of directors may change our investment objective, operating policies and strategies without prior notice or stockholder approval. Our board of directors has the authority to modify or waive certain of our operating policies and strategies without prior notice and without stockholder approval (except as required by the 1940 Act). However, absent stockholder approval, we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or withdraw our election as, a BDC. We cannot predict the effect any changes to our current operating policies and strategies would have on our business, operating results or value of
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our stock. Nevertheless, the effects could adversely affect our business and impact our ability to make distributions and cause you to lose all or part of your investment.
Our investment advisor and its affiliates, senior management and employees have certain conflicts of interest. Our investment advisor, its senior management and employees serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of entities that operate in the same or a related line of business. Accordingly, these individuals may have obligations to investors in those entities or funds, the fulfillment of which might not be in our best interests or the best interests of our stockholders. In addition, certain of the personnel employed by our investment advisor or focused on our business may change in ways that are detrimental to our business.
Risks related to our investments We intend to invest primarily in mezzanine debt and we may not realize gains from our equity investments. When we invest in mezzanine debt, we may acquire warrants or other equity securities as well. In addition, we may invest directly in the equity securities of portfolio companies. Our goal is ultimately to dispose of such equity interests and realize gains upon our disposition of such interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests, and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
Our investments in prospective private and middle-market portfolio companies may be risky, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Investment in private and middle-market companies involves a number of significant risks. Generally, little public information exists about these companies, and we are required to rely on the ability of THL Credit Advisors’ investment professionals to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investing in these companies. If we are unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision, and we may lose money on our investments. Middle-market companies may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt securities that we hold, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of our realizing any guarantees we may have obtained in connection with our investment. In addition, they typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors’ actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. Additionally, middle-market companies are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons; therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our portfolio company and, in turn, on us. Middle-market companies also generally have less predictable operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position. In addition, our executive officers, directors and our investment advisor may, in the ordinary course of business, be named as defendants in litigation arising from our investments in the portfolio companies.
Economic recessions or downturns could impair our portfolio companies and harm our operating results. The U.S. and most other economies have entered a recessionary period, which may be prolonged and severe. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. These events could prevent us from increasing investments and harm our operating results.
A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize our portfolio company’s ability to meet its obligations under the debt securities that we hold. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting portfolio company. In addition, if one of our portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, even though we or one of our affiliates may have structured our interest in such portfolio company as senior debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which we actually provided managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a
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bankruptcy court might re-characterize our debt holding as equity and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to claims of other creditors.
It is anticipated that our portfolio will contain a limited number of portfolio companies, which may subject us to a greater risk of significant loss if any of these companies were to default on its obligations under any of its debt securities. We anticipate having a limited number of investments in our portfolio and consequentially the aggregate returns we realize may be significantly adversely affected if a small number of investments perform poorly or if we need to write down the value of any one investment. Beyond our income tax diversification requirements, we do not have fixed guidelines for diversification, and our portfolio could contain relatively few portfolio companies.
We may not be in a position to exercise control over our portfolio companies or to prevent decisions by management of our portfolio companies that could decrease the value of our investments. We do not generally intend to take controlling equity positions in our portfolio companies. To the extent that we do not hold a controlling equity interest in a portfolio company, we are subject to the risk that such portfolio company may make business decisions with which we disagree, and the stockholders and management of such portfolio company may take risks or otherwise act in ways that are adverse to our interests. Due to the lack of liquidity for the debt and equity investments that we typically hold in our portfolio companies, we may not be able to dispose of our investments in the event we disagree with the actions of a portfolio company, and may therefore suffer a decrease in the value of our investments.
In addition, we may not be in a position to control any portfolio company by investing in its debt securities. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a portfolio company in which we invest may make business decisions with which we disagree and the management of such company, as representatives of the holders of their common equity, may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our interests as debt investors.
Our portfolio companies may incur debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies. We intend to invest primarily in mezzanine debt issued by our portfolio companies. The portfolio companies usually have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt that ranks equally with, or senior to, the debt securities in which we invest. By their terms, such debt instruments may provide that the holders are entitled to receive payment of interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments in respect of the debt securities in which we invest. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of debt instruments ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company would typically be entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution in respect of our investment. After repaying such senior creditors, such portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of debt ranking equally with debt securities in which we invest, we would have to share any distributions on an equal and ratable basis with other creditors holding such debt in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company. Additionally, certain loans that we make to portfolio companies may be secured on a second priority basis by the same collateral securing senior secured debt of such companies. The first priority liens on the collateral will secure the portfolio company’s obligations under any outstanding senior debt and may secure certain other future debt that may be permitted to be incurred by the portfolio company under the agreements governing the loans. The holders of obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral will generally control the liquidation of and be entitled to receive proceeds from any realization of the collateral to repay their obligations in full before us. In addition, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from the sale or sales of all of the collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the loan obligations secured by the second priority liens after payment in full of all obligations secured by the first priority liens on the collateral. If such proceeds are not sufficient to repay amounts outstanding under the loan obligations secured by the second priority liens, then we, to the extent not repaid from the proceeds of the sale of the collateral, will only have an unsecured claim against the portfolio company’s remaining assets, if any.
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The rights we may have with respect to the collateral securing the loans we make to our portfolio companies with senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements that we enter into with the holders of senior debt. Under such an intercreditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the obligations secured by the first priority liens: the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral; the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings; the approval of amendments to collateral documents; releases of liens on the collateral; and waivers of past defaults under collateral documents. We may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if our rights are adversely affected.
Our failure to make follow-on investments in our portfolio companies could impair the value of our portfolio. Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, we may make additional investments in that portfolio company as “follow-on” investments in order to: (1) increase or maintain in whole or in part our equity ownership percentage; (2) exercise warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in the original or subsequent financing or (3) attempt to preserve or enhance the value of our initial investment.
We have the discretion to make any follow-on investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. We may elect not to make follow-on investments or otherwise lack sufficient funds to make those investments. Our failure to make follow-on investments may, in some circumstances, jeopardize the continued viability of a portfolio company and our initial investment, or may result in a missed opportunity for us to increase our participation in a successful operation. Even if we have sufficient capital to make a desired follow-on investment, we may elect not to make such follow-on investment because we may not want to increase our concentration of risk, because we prefer other opportunities, because we are inhibited by compliance with BDC requirements or because we desire to maintain our tax status.
Our ability to invest in public companies may be limited in certain circumstances. To maintain our status as a BDC, we are not permitted to acquire any assets other than “qualifying assets” specified in the 1940 Act unless, at the time the acquisition is made, at least 70% of our total assets are qualifying assets (with certain limited exceptions). Subject to certain exceptions for follow-on investments and distressed companies, an investment in an issuer that has outstanding securities listed on a national securities exchange may be treated as qualifying assets only if such issuer has a market capitalization that is less than $250 million at the time of such investment.
Our incentive fee may induce our investment advisor to make certain investments, including speculative investments. The incentive fee payable by us to THL Credit Advisors may create an incentive for THL Credit Advisors to make investments on our behalf that are risky or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangement. The way in which the incentive fee payable to THL Credit Advisors is determined, which is calculated separately in two components as a percentage of the interest and other ordinary income in excess of a quarterly minimum hurdle rate and as a percentage of the realized gain on invested capital, may encourage our THL Credit Advisors to use leverage or take additional risk to increase the return on our investments. Under certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would disfavor the holders of our common stock, including investors in this offering, securities convertible into our common stock or warrants representing rights to purchase our common stock or securities convertible into our common stock. In addition, THL Credit Advisors receives the incentive fee based, in part, upon net capital gains realized on our investments. Unlike the portion of the incentive fee based on income, there is no minimum level of gain applicable to the portion of the incentive fee based on net capital gains. As a result, THL Credit Advisors may have an incentive to invest more in investments that are likely to result in capital gains as compared to income producing securities. This practice could result in our investing in more speculative securities than would otherwise be the case, which could result in higher investment losses, particularly during economic downturns.
The incentive fee payable by us to THL Credit Advisors also may create an incentive for it to invest on our behalf in instruments that have a deferred interest feature. Under these investments, we would accrue the interest over the life of the investment but would not receive the cash income from the investment until the end of the term. Our net investment income used to calculate the income portion of our investment fee, however, includes accrued interest. Thus, a portion of this incentive fee would be based on income that we have not yet received in cash and may never receive if there is a default.
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We may invest, to the extent permitted by law, in the securities and instruments of other investment companies, including private funds, and, to the extent we so invest, we will bear our ratable share of any such investment company’s expenses, including management and performance fees. We will also remain obligated to pay management and incentive fees to THL Credit Advisors with respect to the assets invested in the securities and instruments of other investment companies. With respect to each of these investments, each of our common stockholders will bear his or her share of the management and incentive fee of THL Credit Advisors as well as indirectly bear the management and performance fees and other expenses of any investment companies in which we invest.
We may be obligated to pay our investment advisor incentive compensation even if we incur a loss and may pay more than 15% of our net capital gains because we cannot recover payments made in previous years. Our investment advisor will be entitled to incentive compensation for each fiscal quarter in an amount equal to a percentage of the excess of our investment income for that quarter (before deducting incentive compensation, net operating losses and certain other items) above a threshold return for that quarter. Our pre-incentive fee net investment income for incentive compensation purposes excludes realized and unrealized capital losses that we may incur in the fiscal quarter, even if such capital losses result in a net loss on our statement of operations for that quarter. Thus, we may be required to pay our investment advisor incentive compensation for a fiscal quarter even if there is a decline in the value of our portfolio or we incur a net loss for that quarter. If we pay an incentive fee of 15% of our realized capital gains (net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation on a cumulative basis) and thereafter experience additional realized capital losses or unrealized capital depreciation, we will not be able to recover any portion of the incentive fee previously paid.
Our investments in foreign securities may involve significant risks in addition to the risks inherent in U.S. investments. Our investment strategy contemplates that a portion of our investments may be in securities of foreign companies. Investing in foreign companies may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks include changes in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes, less liquid markets and less available information than is generally the case in the United States, higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility.
Although it is anticipated that most of our investments will be denominated in U.S. dollars, our investments that are denominated in a foreign currency will be subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency may change in relation to the U.S. dollar. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation and political developments. We may employ hedging techniques to minimize these risks, but we can offer no assurance that we will, in fact, hedge currency risk or, that if we do, such strategies will be effective. As a result, a change in currency exchange rates may adversely affect our profitability.
Hedging transactions may expose us to additional risks. We may engage in currency or interest rate hedging transactions. If we engage in hedging transactions, we may expose ourselves to risks associated with such transactions. We may utilize instruments such as forward contracts, currency options and interest rate swaps, caps, collars and floors to seek to hedge against fluctuations in the relative values of our portfolio positions from changes in currency exchange rates and market interest rates. Hedging against a decline in the values of our portfolio positions does not eliminate the possibility of fluctuations in the values of such positions or prevent losses if the values of such positions decline. However, such hedging can establish other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thereby offsetting the decline in the value of such portfolio positions. Such hedging transaction may also limit the opportunity for gain if the values of the underlying portfolio positions should increase. Moreover, it may not be possible to hedge against an exchange rate or interest rate fluctuation that is so generally anticipated that we are not able to enter into a hedging transaction at an acceptable price.
While we may enter into transactions to seek to reduce currency exchange rate and interest rate risks, unanticipated changes in currency exchange rates or interest rates may result in poorer overall investment performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio positions being hedged may vary. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we may not seek or be able to establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Any such imperfect correlation may prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us to
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risk of loss. In addition, it may not be possible to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies because the value of those securities is likely to fluctuate as a result of factors not related to currency fluctuations.
Risks related to our operations as a BDC Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates will be restricted. We are prohibited under the 1940 Act from participating in certain transactions with certain of our affiliates without the prior approval of our independent directors and, in some cases, of the SEC. Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our outstanding voting securities will be our affiliate for purposes of the 1940 Act and we are generally prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to such affiliate, absent the prior approval of our independent directors. The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain of our affiliates, which could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times), without prior approval of our independent directors and, in some cases, of the SEC. We are prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to any person who owns more than 25% of our voting securities or certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons, absent the prior approval of the SEC. Similar restrictions limit our ability to transact business with our officers or directors or their affiliates.
Regulations governing our operation as a BDC may limit our ability to, and the way in which we, raise additional capital, which could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations. Our business may in the future require a substantial amount of capital in addition to the proceeds of this offering. We may acquire additional capital from the issuance of senior securities (including debt and preferred stock), the issuance of additional shares of our common stock or from securitization transactions. However, we may not be able to raise additional capital in the future on favorable terms or at all. Additionally, we may only issue senior securities up to the maximum amount permitted by the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act permits us to issue senior securities only in amounts such that our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, equals at least 200% after such issuance or incurrence. If our assets decline in value and we fail to satisfy this test, we may be required to liquidate a portion of our investments and repay a portion of our indebtedness at a time when such sales or repayment may be disadvantageous, which could have a material adverse impact on our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
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Senior Securities. As a result of issuing senior securities, we would also be exposed to typical risks associated with leverage, including an increased risk of loss. If we issue preferred securities, such securities would rank “senior” to common stock in our capital structure, resulting in preferred stockholders having separate voting rights and possibly rights, preferences or privileges more favorable than those granted to holders of our common stock. Furthermore, the issuance of preferred securities could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stockholders or otherwise be in your best interest.
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Additional Common Stock. Our board of directors may decide to issue common stock to finance our operations rather than issuing debt or other senior securities. As a BDC, we are generally not able to issue our common stock at a price below net asset value without first obtaining required approvals from our stockholders and our independent directors. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price, that in the determination of our board of directors, closely approximates the market value of such securities at the relevant time. We may also make rights offerings to our stockholders at prices per share less than the net asset value per share, subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act. If we raise additional funds by issuing more common stock or senior securities convertible into, or exchangeable for, our common stock, the percentage ownership of our stockholders at that time would decrease, and such stockholders may experience dilution.
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Changes in the laws or regulations governing our business, or changes in the interpretations thereof, and any failure by us to comply with these laws or regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Changes in the laws or regulations or the interpretations of the laws and regulations that govern BDCs, RICs or non-depository commercial lenders could significantly affect our operations and our cost of doing business. We are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations and are subject to judicial and administrative decisions that affect our operations, including our loan originations, maximum interest rates, fees and other charges, disclosures to portfolio companies, the terms of secured transactions, collection and foreclosure procedures and other trade practices. If these laws, regulations or decisions change, or if we expand our business into jurisdictions that have adopted more stringent requirements than those in which we currently conduct business, we may have to incur significant expenses in order to comply, or we might have to restrict our operations. In addition, if we do not comply with applicable laws, regulations and decisions, we may lose licenses needed for the conduct of our business and may be subject to civil fines and criminal penalties.
If we do not invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we could fail to qualify as a BDC or be precluded from investing according to our current business strategy, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. As a BDC, we may not acquire any assets other than “qualifying assets” unless, at the time of and after giving effect to such acquisition, at least 70% of our total assets are qualifying assets. See “Regulation.” We believe that most of the investments that we may acquire in the future will constitute qualifying assets. However, we may be precluded from investing in what we believe are attractive investments if such investments are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 1940 Act. If we do not invest a sufficient portion of our assets in qualifying assets, we could be found to be in violation of the 1940 Act provisions applicable to BDCs and possibly lose our status as a BDC, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, these rules could prevent us from making follow-on investments in existing portfolio companies (which could result in the dilution of our position) or could require us to dispose of investments at inopportune times in order to come into compliance with the 1940 Act. If we need to dispose of such investments quickly, it may be difficult to dispose of such investments on favorable terms. For example, we may have difficulty in finding a buyer and, even if we do find a buyer, we may have to sell the investments at a substantial loss.
Loss of status as a RIC would reduce our net asset value and distributable income. We intend to qualify as a RIC under the Code. As a RIC we would not have to pay federal income taxes on our income (including realized gains) that is distributed to our stockholders, provided that we satisfy certain distribution requirements. Accordingly, we are not permitted under accounting rules to establish reserves for taxes on our unrealized capital gains. If we fail to qualify for RIC status in any year, to the extent that we had unrealized gains, we would have to establish reserves for taxes, which would reduce our net asset value and the amount potentially available for distribution. In addition, if we, as a RIC, were to decide to make a deemed distribution of net realized capital gains and retain the net realized capital gains, we would have to establish appropriate reserves for taxes that we would have to pay on behalf of stockholders. It is possible that establishing reserves for taxes could have a material adverse effect on the value of our common stock. See “Tax Matters.”
If we are unable to qualify for tax treatment as a RIC, we will be subject to corporate-level income tax, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. To maintain our qualification as a RIC under the Code, which is required in order for us to distribute our income without being taxed at the corporate level and to obtain favorable RIC treatment, we must meet certain income source, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. Satisfying these requirements may require us to take actions we would not otherwise take, such as selling investments at unattractive prices to satisfy diversification, distribution or source of income requirements. In addition, while we are authorized to borrow funds in order to make distributions, under the 1940 Act we are not permitted to make distributions to stockholders while we have debt obligations or other senior securities outstanding unless certain “asset coverage” tests are met. If we fail to qualify as a RIC for any reason and become or remain subject to corporate-level income tax, the resulting corporate taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of our distributions. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial conditions, and thus, our stockholders.
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Risks relating to this offering Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock, and we cannot assure you that the market price of shares of our common stock will not decline following the offering. Prior to this offering, there has been no public trading market for our common stock, and we cannot assure you that one will develop or be sustained after this offering. We cannot predict the prices at which our common stock will trade. The initial public offering price for our common stock was determined through negotiations among us and the underwriters, and may not bear any relationship to the market price at which it will trade after this offering or to any other established criteria of our value. Shares of companies offered in an initial public offering often trade at a discount to the initial offering price due to sales loads, underwriting discounts and related offering expenses. Therefore, our common stock may be more appropriate for long-term investors than for investors with shorter term investment horizons and should not be treated as a trading vehicle.
Investors in this offering will experience immediate dilution upon the closing of the offering. If you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, you will experience immediate dilution of $ per share because the price that you pay will be greater than the pro forma net asset value per share of the shares you acquire. This dilution is in large part due to the expenses incurred by us in connection with the consummation of this offering. Accordingly, investors in this offering will pay a price per share that exceeds the tangible book value per share after the closing of the offering.
Our common stock price may be volatile and may fluctuate substantially. As with any stock, the price of our common stock will fluctuate with market conditions and other factors. If you sell shares, the price received may be more or less than the original investment. Net asset value will be reduced immediately following our initial offering by the amount of the sales load and selling expenses paid by us. Our common stock is intended for long-term investors and should not be treated as a trading vehicle. Shares of closed-end management investment companies, which are structured similarly to us, frequently trade at a discount from their net asset value. Our shares may trade at a price that is less than the offering price. This risk may be greater for investors who sell their shares in a relatively short period of time after completion of the offering.
The market price and liquidity of the market for our common shares may be significantly affected by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating performance. These factors include:
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significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of securities of BDCs or other companies in the sector in which we operate, which are not necessarily related to the operating performance of these companies;
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changes in regulatory policies or tax guidelines, particularly with respect to RICs or BDCs;
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loss of RIC status;
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changes in earnings or variations in operating results;
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changes in the value of our portfolio of investments;
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any shortfall in revenue or net income or any increase in losses from levels expected by investors or securities analysts;
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departure of key personnel from our investment advisor;
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operating performance of companies comparable to us;
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general economic trends and other external factors; and
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loss of a major funding source.
Certain provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law and our certificate of incorporation and bylaws could deter takeover attempts and have an adverse impact on the price of our common stock. The Delaware General Corporation Law, our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws contain provisions that may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us. These anti-takeover provisions may inhibit a change in control in circumstances that could give the holders of our common stock the opportunity to realize a premium over the market price of our common stock.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to factors previously identified elsewhere in this prospectus, including the “Risks” section of this prospectus, the following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements or historical performance:
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the introduction, withdrawal, success and timing of business initiatives and strategies;
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changes in political, economic or industry conditions, the interest rate environment or financial and capital markets, which could result in changes in the value of our assets;
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the relative and absolute investment performance and operations of our investment advisor;
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the impact of increased competition;
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the impact of future acquisitions and divestitures;
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the unfavorable resolution of legal proceedings;
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our business prospects and the prospects of our portfolio companies;
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the impact, extent and timing of technological changes and the adequacy of intellectual property protection;
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the impact of legislative and regulatory actions and reforms and regulatory, supervisory or enforcement actions of government agencies relating to us or THL Credit Advisors;
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our contractual arrangements and relationships with third parties;
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any future financings by us;
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the ability of THL Credit Advisors to attract and retain highly talented professionals;
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fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; and
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the impact of changes to tax legislation and, generally, our tax position.
This prospectus, and other statements that we may make, may contain forward-looking statements with respect to future financial or business performance, strategies or expectations. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words or phrases such as “trend,” “opportunity,” “pipeline,” “believe,” “comfortable,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “current,” “intention,” “estimate,” “position,” “assume,” “potential,” “outlook,” “continue,” “remain,” “maintain,” “sustain,” “seek,” “achieve” and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we assume no duty to and do not undertake to update forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements do not meet the safe harbor for forward-looking
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statements pursuant to Section 27A of the Securities Act. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements and future results could differ materially from historical performance.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds of the offering are estimated to be approximately $ million (approximately $ million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional shares in full) after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses of approximately $ payable by us.
We intend to use the net proceeds to make investments in portfolio companies in accordance with our investment objective and for general corporate purposes. We anticipate that substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering will be used for the above purposes within 12-18 months, depending on the availability of appropriate investment opportunities consistent with our investment objective and market conditions. We cannot assure you that we will achieve our targeted investment pace. In order to enhance our income in comparison to the income from cash equivalents and other short-term securities, during the period following this offering in which we are originating our initial portfolio of mezzanine debt, we may invest a significant portion of the net proceeds from this offering in senior secured loans that are available in the secondary market. Over time, however, we expect that our portfolio will consist primarily of mezzanine loans, although we may also originate or invest in senior secured loans.
Pending investments in accordance with our investment objectives and policies, we will invest the remaining net proceeds of this offering primarily in cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities and other high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less, or “temporary investments,” and may take advantage of the liquidity of senior secured loans, as appropriate. These securities may have lower yields than our other investments and accordingly result in lower distributions, if any, by us during such period. See “Regulation—Temporary Investments” and “The Advisor—Investment Management Agreement.”
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DISTRIBUTIONS
We intend to make quarterly distributions to our stockholders commencing . The timing and amount of our quarterly distributions, if any, will be determined by our board of directors. Any distributions to our stockholders will be declared out of assets legally available for distribution.
We intend to elect to be treated, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. To obtain RIC tax benefits, we must distribute at least 90% of our ordinary income and realized net short-term capital gains in excess of realized net long-term capital losses, if any, out of the assets legally available for distribution. In order to avoid certain excise taxes imposed on RICs, we currently intend to distribute during each calendar year an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of our ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gains or losses) for the calendar year, (2) 98% of the amount by which our capital gains exceed our capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for the one-year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year and (3) certain undistributed amounts from previous years on which we paid no U.S. federal income tax. In addition, although we currently intend to distribute realized net capital gains (i.e., net long-term capital gains in excess of short-term capital losses), if any, at least annually, out of the assets legally available for such distributions, we may in the future decide to retain such capital gains for investment. In such event, the consequences of our retention of net capital gains are as described under “Tax Matters.” We can offer no assurance that we will achieve results that will permit the payment of any cash distributions and, if we issue senior securities, the 1940 Act asset coverage requirements or the terms of our senior securities may prevent us from making distributions.
We intend to maintain an “opt in” dividend reinvestment plan for our common stockholders. As a result, if we declare a cash dividend or other distribution, each stockholder that has not “opted in” to our dividend reinvestment plan will receive cash dividends, rather than having their dividends automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock. Stockholders who receive distributions in the form of shares of common stock will be subject to the same federal, state and local tax consequences as if they received cash distributions. See “Dividend Reinvestment Plan.”
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THE COMPANY
General We are a newly organized, externally-managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company that intends to file an election to be regulated as a BDC, under the 1940 Act. In addition, for tax purposes we intend to elect to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Our investment activities are managed by THL Credit Advisors and supervised by our board of directors, a majority of whom are independent of THL Credit Advisors and its affiliates. As a BDC, we are required to comply with certain regulatory requirements. See “Regulation.”
Our investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation, primarily through investments in privately negotiated debt and equity securities of middle-market companies. We invest primarily in private subordinated debt, which in many cases includes an associated equity component such as warrants or other similar securities. In certain instances we will also make direct equity investments. We define middle-market companies to mean both public and privately-held companies with annual revenues of between $50 million and $500 million and with annual minimum EBITDA of $10 million. We expect to generate returns through a combination of contractual interest payments on debt investments, equity appreciation (through options, warrants, conversion rights or direct equity investments) and origination and similar fees.
We believe there are significant opportunities to finance middle-market companies that require capital for growth and acquisitions. We also believe that, as a result of the current credit crisis, a significant investment opportunity exists to invest in middle-market companies requiring subordinated loans, often referred to as mezzanine loans, to recapitalize their balance sheets. Additionally, we do not intend to invest in start-up companies, operationally distressed situations or companies with speculative business plans. Furthermore, we may invest throughout an entity’s capital structure, which may include senior secured loans, common and preferred equity, options and warrants, high-yield bonds and other structured securities. In addition, we may from time to time invest up to 30% of our assets opportunistically in other types of investments, including securities of larger public companies and foreign securities. We anticipate that, over time, our investment portfolio will consist primarily of investments in mezzanine loans.
It is also our belief that a combination of sponsored and unsponsored mezzanine investments is important to having the most attractive opportunities across investment cycles. Although we will invest in both sponsored and unsponsored companies, our origination efforts will emphasize investments in unsponsored companies.
Unsponsored companies are either micro cap public companies or privately-held companies typically owned and controlled by entrepreneurs rather than private equity firms. We believe that unsponsored middle-market companies represent the largest and most attractive mezzanine investment opportunity for two primary reasons: (1) the number of unsponsored companies far exceeds the number of sponsored companies; and (2) over the next several years the demand for junior capital by unsponsored companies is expected to outweigh the demand for junior capital by private equity firms in the leverage buyout, or LBO, business. We also believe that investments in unsponsored companies will provide for the most attractive economics, alignment of interests with management and the greatest control for us as an investor.
With respect to sponsored transactions, we expect the demand for leveraged buyouts to remain significantly reduced from prior years. This, we believe, will be primarily the result of reduced senior lending from banks and collateralized loan obligations. However, we do expect significant demand from sponsors who need to recapitalize the balance sheets of certain of their portfolio companies or, in certain situations, acquire portfolio companies.
We do not anticipate borrowing money for investment purposes at this time. However, we may borrow money within the levels permitted by the 1940 Act when the terms and conditions available are favorable to long-term investing and well-aligned with our investment strategy and portfolio composition. In determining whether to borrow money, we will analyze the maturity, covenant package and rate structure of the proposed borrowings as well as the risks of such borrowings compared to our investment outlook.
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THL Credit Advisors, L.P. Our investment activities are managed by our investment advisor, THL Credit Advisors. THL Credit Advisors is responsible for sourcing potential investments, conducting research on prospective investments, analyzing investment opportunities, structuring our investments, and monitoring our investments and portfolio companies on an ongoing basis. THL Credit Advisors is led by James K. Hunt and Sam W. Tillinghast, who, along with Gregory S. Hammer, Christopher F. Ochs and W. Hunter Stropp, constitute its principals. We refer to these individuals collectively as the THL Credit Principals. The THL Credit Principals together with Terrence W. Olson, our Chief Financial Officer, and other investment professionals make up our investment team.
Before joining an affiliate of THL Credit Advisors two years ago, the THL Credit Principals, who have 20 years of investment experience on average, have been responsible for over $40 billion in investments, which included identifying, evaluating, structuring, managing and monitoring mezzanine debt, leveraged loans, high-yield bonds, private placements and private equity investments. The THL Credit Principals have worked together extensively in the past and have invested through multiple business and credit cycles, investing across the entire capital structure with the objective of generating attractive, long-term, risk-adjusted returns. The THL Credit Principals bring a unique investment perspective and skill set by virtue of their complementary, collective experience as both debt and equity investors. In addition, they bring an active equity ownership mentality and intend to focus on adding value to portfolio companies through board representation, when possible, active monitoring and direct dialogue with management.
Through an affiliated entity, the employees of THL Credit Advisors currently manage THL Credit Opportunities, L.P., a private credit opportunities fund with approximately $171 million in drawn capital and undrawn capital commitments and a three-year remaining investment period. THL Credit Advisors is exploring structures to enable investors in THL Credit Opportunities, L.P. to cancel their undrawn capital commitments (less a reserve for follow-on investments) in THL Credit Opportunities, L.P. to the extent they purchase shares from us in connection with this offering. Upon completion of this offering, it is expected that THL Credit Opportunities, L.P. will restrict its activities to its current portfolio, which consists of seven investments in primarily senior secured loans, and making follow-on investments and that the THL Credit Principals and remainder of the team will focus their efforts on our business although THL Credit Advisors is not restricted from managing additional investment funds in the future.
THL Credit Advisors also serves as our administrator and leases office space to us and provides us with equipment and office services. The tasks of our administrator include overseeing our financial records, preparing reports to our stockholders and reports filed with the SEC and generally monitoring the payment of our expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to us by others.
We expect to benefit from THL Credit Advisors’ relationship with THL Partners. Founded in 1974, THL Partners is one of the oldest and largest private equity investment firms in the United States. Since its establishment, THL Partners has raised approximately $22 billion of equity capital and together with its affiliates, completed acquisitions of more than 100 businesses and over 200 add-on transactions, with an aggregate purchase price in excess of $125 billion. THL Partners focuses its high value-added strategy on growth businesses and seeks to partner with the best managers in an industry to build great companies. THL Credit Advisors will have access to the contacts and industry knowledge of THL Partners’ investment team to enhance its transaction sourcing capabilities and will also be able to consult with the THL Partners team on specific industry issues, trends and other matters to complement our investment process.
Market opportunity We intend to invest primarily in private subordinated debt investments of middle-market companies. Because the general economic climate and financial markets have deteriorated since the summer of 2007, we believe opportunities to invest in solid, underserved middle-market companies remain plentiful. We believe the environment for investing in middle-market companies is attractive for several reasons, including:
Consolidation among commercial banks has reduced the focus on middle-market business. We believe that many senior lenders have de-emphasized their service and product offerings to middle-market companies in favor of lending to large corporate clients, managing capital markets transactions and providing other non-credit services to their customers.
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Further, many financial institutions and traditional lenders are faced with constrained balance sheets and are requiring existing borrowers to reduce leverage.
Middle-market companies are increasingly seeking lenders with long-term permanent capital for debt and equity capital. We believe that many middle-market companies prefer to execute transactions with private capital providers such as us, rather than execute high-yield bond or equity transactions in the public markets, which may necessitate increased financial and regulatory compliance and reporting obligations. Further, we believe many middle-market companies are inclined to seek capital from a small number of providers with access to permanent capital that can satisfy their specific needs and can serve as value-added financial partners with an understanding of, and longer-term view oriented towards the growth of such businesses.
The current market environment may mean more favorable terms for investments in middle-market companies. We believe the tight supply of all forms of credit due to deleveraging by banks, hedge funds and structured investment vehicles, such as CLOs, will remain for years and that this situation provides a promising environment in which to originate mezzanine investments. This has resulted in mezzanine investments being characterized by lower leverage multiples, higher current returns, greater opportunity for equity appreciation, better prepayment protection, tighter deal structures and more meaningful financial covenants.
Investment strategy Our investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation, primarily through investments in privately negotiated debt and equity securities of middle-market companies. We invest primarily in private subordinated debt, which in many cases includes an associated equity component such as warrants or other similar securities. In certain instances we will also make direct equity investments. We have a preference for investments where our capital will be used to support organic growth, acquisitions, or market or product expansion, and where the shareholders’ capital stays in the company, rather than transactions which involve change of control or dividend recapitalization. As such, our investment advisor will target companies with strong operators or management teams which maintain a strong alignment of interests in their business and are seeking capital to grow the company. In these situations, we expect a substantial portion of the shareholders’ net worth will be subordinated to our debt instrument, reinforcing this alignment of interests.
Our strategy includes an intensive and proactive sourcing of transactions by our investment advisor who will target investments in both sponsored and unsponsored middle-market companies. Sponsored investments will be sourced via THL Credit Advisors’ long-standing relationships and ongoing development of new relationships with referral sources and equity sponsors who view our investment advisor as a partner in the transaction, rather than simply a source of capital to leverage their returns. Unsponsored investments will largely be sourced from a variety of regional and local intermediaries rather than large commercial or investment banks.
We believe a strategy focused on mezzanine debt in middle-market companies has a number of compelling attributes. First, the market for these instruments is relatively inefficient, allowing an experienced investor an opportunity to produce high risk-adjusted returns. Second, downside risk can be managed through an extensive credit-oriented underwriting process, creative structuring techniques and intensive portfolio monitoring. We believe private mezzanine investments generally involve the highest level of credit and legal due diligence among debt or credit asset classes. Lastly, compared with equity investments, returns on mezzanine loans tend to be less volatile given the substantial current return component and seniority in the capital structure relative to equity.
Competitive advantages We believe we possess the following competitive advantages over many other capital providers to middle-market companies:
Highly experienced management team. Before joining an affiliate of THL Credit Advisors two years ago, the THL Credit Principals, who have 20 years of investment experience on average, have been responsible for over $40 billion in investments, which included identifying, evaluating, structuring, managing and monitoring mezzanine debt, leveraged loans, high-yield bonds, private placements and private equity investments. The THL Credit Principals have worked together extensively in the past and have invested
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through multiple business and credit cycles, investing across the entire capital structure with the objective of generating attractive, long-term, riskadjusted returns. Significant to executing on the Company’s strategy will be the THL Credit Principals’ unique investment perspective and skill-set by virtue of their complementary collective experience as both debt and equity investors. In addition, the THL Credit Principals bring an active equity ownership mentality and intend to focus on adding value to portfolio companies through board representation, active monitoring and direct dialogue with management.
National middle-market origination platform. With offices in Boston, Houston and Los Angeles, THL Credit Advisors has deep and diverse national origination relationships in the mezzanine and private equity markets. These relationships provide an important channel through which our investment advisor expects to generate deal flow consistent with our investment strategy. Members of THL Credit Advisors’ investment team have relationships with investment bankers, commercial bankers (national, regional and local), lawyers, accountants and business brokers as well as access to the extensive network of THL Partners. THL Credit Advisors actively utilizes these relationships and networks to source and execute attractive investments, and maintains a database and set of reports where the details of all potential investment opportunities are tracked. Further, we believe the investment history and long-standing reputation of the THL Credit Advisors investment team members in the market allow THL Credit Advisors an early look at new investment opportunities.
Ability to Execute Unsponsored Mezzanine Transactions. THL Credit Advisors believes it is one of the few credit market participants that possesses the extensive experience and resources to source unsponsored mezzanine transactions. Furthermore, THL Credit Advisors has the capability to perform the rigorous in-house due diligence, structuring and monitoring capabilities necessary to execute such transactions.
Disciplined investment process with focus on preservation of capital. Capital preservation is fundamental to our investment advisor’s investment approach and process. A rigorous due diligence and disciplined investment process is employed, including conducting fundamental, bottom-up research for each investment opportunity, and utilizing analysts, consultants and other professionals to supplement THL Credit Advisors’ work. Our investment advisor’s due diligence process includes a full analysis of the company’s management, industry, market and competitive positioning, financials and valuation.
No legacy portfolio. As a newly created vehicle, we are not adversely affected by deteriorating credit quality of investments held in any legacy portfolios. We believe this provides us with a significant competitive advantage as we will be able to deploy our available capital into investments that have been structured and priced to reflect current rather than historical market conditions. Additionally, our efforts can be more focused on sourcing and accessing new investments.
Operating and regulatory structure Our investment and administrative activities are managed by THL Credit Advisors and supervised by our board of directors, a majority of whom are independent. As a BDC, we are required to comply with certain regulatory requirements under the 1940 Act. We will elect to be treated for federal income taxes as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code.
Portfolio composition Our investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation, primarily through investments in privately negotiated debt and equity securities of middle-market companies. We invest primarily in private subordinated debt, which in many cases includes an associated equity component such as warrants or other similar securities. In certain instances we will also make direct equity investments. We do not intend to invest in start-up companies, operationally distressed situations or companies with speculative business plans. In order to achieve our investment objective, we will seek to compose a portfolio that will include primarily mezzanine loans by investing an average of approximately $10 million to $25 million of capital per transaction. Generally, mezzanine loans rank subordinate in priority of payment to senior debt, such as senior bank debt, and are often unsecured. However, mezzanine loans rank senior to common and preferred equity in a borrowers’ capital structure. Typically, mezzanine loans have elements of both debt and equity instruments, offering the fixed returns in the form of interest payments associated with senior debt, while providing lenders an opportunity to participate in the capital appreciation of a borrower, if any, through an equity interest. This equity interest typically takes the form of warrants to purchase common stock. Due to its higher risk profile and often less restrictive covenants as compared to senior loans, mezzanine loans generally earn a higher return than senior secured loans. The warrants associated with mezzanine loans are typically detachable, which allows lenders to receive repayment of their principal on an agreed amortization schedule while retaining
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their equity interest in the borrower. We believe that mezzanine loans offer an attractive investment opportunity based upon their historic returns and resilience during economic downturns.
We may invest throughout an entity’s capital structure, which may include senior secured loans, common and preferred equity, options and warrants, high-yield bonds and other structured securities.
In order to enhance our income in comparison to the income from cash equivalents and other short-term securities, during the period following this offering in which we are originating our initial portfolio of mezzanine debt, we may invest a significant portion of the net proceeds from this offering in senior secured loans that are available in the secondary market. Over time, however, we expect that our portfolio will consist primarily of mezzanine loans, although we may also originate or invest in senior secured loans.
In addition, we may invest up to 30% of our portfolio in opportunistic investments which will be intended to enhance our returns to stockholders. These investments may include high-yield bonds, private equity investments, securities of public companies that are broadly traded and securities of non-U.S. companies. We expect that these public companies generally will have debt securities that are non-investment grade.
We will not invest in any portfolio company in which THL Partners or an affiliate of THL Partners already has an investment at the time or in which it is making an investment.
Investment selection Our value-oriented investment philosophy is primarily focused on maximizing yield relative to risk. Upon identifying a potential opportunity, THL Credit Advisors performs an initial screen to determine whether pursuing intensive due diligence is merited. As part of this process, we have identified several criteria we believe are important in evaluating and investing in prospective portfolio companies. These criteria provide general guidelines for our investment decisions. However, each prospective portfolio company in which we choose to invest may not meet all of these criteria.
Value orientation/positive cash flow. Our investment philosophy places a premium on fundamental credit analysis and has a distinct value orientation. We intend to generally focus on companies in which we can invest at relatively low multiples of operating cash flow and that are profitable at the time of investment on an operating cash flow basis. Although we will obtain liens on collateral when appropriate, we are primarily focused on the predictability of future cash flow. We do not expect to invest in start-up companies or companies with speculative business plans.
Seasoned management with significant equity ownership. Strong, committed management teams are important to the success of an investment and we intend to invest in companies where strong management teams are either already in place or where new management teams have been identified. Additionally, we generally require the portfolio companies to have in place compensation provisions that appropriately incentivize management to succeed and to act in our interests as investors.
Strong competitive position. We seek to invest in companies that have developed competitive advantages and defensible market positions within their respective markets and are well positioned to capitalize on growth opportunities.
Exit strategy. We seek companies that we believe will generate consistent cash flow to repay our loans and reinvest in their respective businesses. We expect such internally generated cash flow in portfolio companies to be a key means by which we exit from our investments over time. In addition, we will also seek to invest in companies whose business models and expected future cash flows offer attractive exit possibilities for the equity component of our returns. These companies include candidates for strategic acquisition by other industry participants and companies that may repay our investments through an initial public offering of common stock or another capital market transaction.
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Due diligence and investment process We employ a rigorous and disciplined underwriting and due diligence process. Our process includes a comprehensive understanding of a borrower’s industry, market, operational, financial, organizational and legal position and prospects. We seek borrowers with proven management teams that have a vested interest in the company, who generate cash flow that is stable and predictable, and whose market position is defensible. We underwrite with the expectation that the company will cycle during the life of the investment, and size the capital structure accordingly. We view capital market takeouts as a bonus and not an expectation. We conduct thorough reference and background checks on senior management for all mezzanine transactions. Our intention is to craft strong and lender-friendly credit agreements with covenants, events of default, remedies and inter-creditor agreements being an integral part of our legal documents.
Our due diligence typically includes the following elements (although not all elements will necessarily form part of every due diligence project):
Issuer Characteristics: key levers of the business including a focus on drivers of cash flow and growth; revenue visibility; customer and supplier concentrations; historical revenue and margin trends; fixed versus variable costs; free cash flow analysis; company versus industry performance; and sensitivity analysis around various future performance scenarios (with a focus on downside scenario analysis);
Industry Analysis: including the company’s position within the context of the general economic environment and relevant industry cycles; industry size and growth rates; competitive landscape; barriers to entry and potential new entrants; product position and defensibility of market share; technological, regulatory and similar threats; and pricing power and cost considerations;
Management: including the quality, breadth and depth of the issuer’s management; track record and prior experience; background checks; reputation; compensation and equity incentives; corporate overhead; and motivation; interviews with management, employees, customers and vendors;
Financial Analysis: an understanding of relevant financial ratios and statistics, including various leverage, liquidity, free cash flow and fixed charge coverage ratios; impact on ratios in various future performance scenarios and comparison of ratios to industry competitors; satisfaction with the auditor of the financial statements; quality of earnings analysis;
Capital Structure: diverse considerations regarding leverage (including understanding seniority and leverage multiples); ability to service debt; collateral and security protections; covenants and guarantees; equity investment amounts and participants (where applicable); and review of other significant structural terms and pertinent legal documentation; and
Collateral and Enterprise Value: analysis of relevant collateral coverage, including assets on a liquidation basis and enterprise value on a going concern basis; assignment of recovery percentages by type of hard asset; matrix analysis of cash flow and valuation multiples under different scenarios along with recovery estimates; comparison to recent transaction multiples and valuations.
Investment committee The purpose of the Investment Committee is to evaluate and approve as deemed appropriate all investments by THL Credit Advisors. The committee process is intended to bring the diverse experience and perspectives of the committee’s members to the analysis and consideration of every investment. The committee also serves to provide investment consistency and adherence to THL Credit Advisors’ investment philosophies and policies. The investment committee also determines appropriate investment sizing and suggests ongoing monitoring requirements.
In addition to reviewing investments, the committee meetings serve as a forum to discuss credit views and outlooks. Potential transactions and deal flow are also reviewed on a regular basis. Members of the investment team are encouraged to
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share information and views on credits with the committee early in their analysis. This process improves the quality of the analysis and assists the deal team members to work more efficiently.
Each transaction is presented to the investment committee in a formal written report. The investment committee currently consists of James K. Hunt, Sam W. Tillinghast, Christopher F. Ochs, Gregory S. Hammer, and W. Hunter Stropp. To approve a new investment, or to exit or sell an existing investment, the consent of four of the five members of the committee is required, with Mr. Hunt, the Chief Investment Officer, having veto power.
Each member of the investment committee performs a similar role for THL Credit Opportunities, L.P., which is a private investment fund that currently has $171 million in committed equity capital and is subject to performance fees based on positive cumulative total return.
Investment structure Once we have determined that a prospective portfolio company is suitable for investment, we work with the management of that company and its other capital providers, including, as applicable, senior, junior, and equity capital providers, to structure an investment. We negotiate among these parties to agree on how our investment is expected to perform relative to the other capital in the portfolio company’s capital structure.
We anticipate structuring our mezzanine investments primarily as unsecured, subordinated loans that provide for relatively high, fixed interest rates that will provide us with significant current interest income. These loans typically will have interest-only payments in the early years, with amortization of principal deferred to the later years. In some cases, we may enter into loans that, by their terms, convert into equity or additional debt securities or defer payments of interest for the first few years after our investment. Also, in some cases our mezzanine loans will be collateralized by a subordinated lien on some or all of the assets of the borrower. Typically, our mezzanine loans will have maturities of five to ten years. We will generally target a total return of 15% to 25% per year for our mezzanine loan investments. To the extent we invest in senior secured loans, we expect such loans to have terms of three to ten years and may provide for deferred interest payments in the first few years of the term of the loan. To the extent we invest in senior secured loans, we will obtain security interests in the assets of these portfolio companies that will serve as collateral in support of the repayment of these loans. This collateral may take the form of first or second priority liens on the assets of a portfolio company. We expect that the interest rate on senior secured loans generally will range between 2% and 10% over the London Interbank Offer Rate, or LIBOR, which is a rate that changes daily and reflects the rate at which large banks lend to one another.
We will tailor the terms of the investment to the facts and circumstances of the transaction and the prospective portfolio company, negotiating a structure that protects our rights and manages our risk while creating incentives for the portfolio company to achieve its business plan and improve its profitability. We will seek to limit the downside potential of our investments by:
·
requiring a total return on our investments (including both interest and potential equity appreciation) that compensates us for credit risk; and
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negotiating covenants in connection with our investments that afford our portfolio companies as much flexibility in managing their businesses as possible, consistent with preservation of our capital. Such restrictions may include affirmative and negative covenants, default penalties, lien protection, change of control provisions and board rights, including either observation or rights to a seat on the board under some circumstances or participation rights.
Our investments may include equity features, such as warrants or options to buy a minority interest in the portfolio company. We expect that any warrants we receive with our debt securities generally will require only a nominal cost to exercise, and thus, as a portfolio company appreciates in value, we may achieve additional investment return from this equity interest. We may structure the warrants to provide provisions protecting our rights as a minority-interest holder, as well as puts, or rights to sell such securities back to the company, upon the occurrence of specified events. In many cases, we will
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also obtain registration rights in connection with these equity interests, which may include demand and “piggyback” registration rights.
Managerial assistance As a BDC, we will offer, and must provide upon request, managerial assistance to certain of our portfolio companies. This assistance could involve, among other things, monitoring the operations of our portfolio companies, participating in board and management meetings, consulting with and advising officers of portfolio companies and providing other organizational and financial guidance. We may receive fees for these services and will reimburse THL Credit Advisors as our Administrator for its allocated costs in providing such assistance subject to review and approval by our board of directors. THL Credit Advisors will provide such managerial assistance on our behalf to portfolio companies that request this assistance.
Monitoring We view active portfolio monitoring as a vital part of our investment process. We consider board observation rights, regular dialogue with company management and sponsors, and detailed internally generated monitoring reports to be critical to our performance. We have developed a monitoring template that ensures compliance with these standards and that is used as a tool by THL Credit Advisors’ investment committee to assess investment performance relative to plan. In addition, our portfolio companies may rely on us to provide financial and capital market expertise and may view us as a value-added resource.
As part of the monitoring process, THL Credit Advisors will continually assess the risk profile of each of our investments and will rate them based on the following categories, which we refer to as THL Credit Advisors’ investment performance rating, or IPR:
1 – Performing at or above plan.
2 – Watch / minor risk. Portfolio company operating below plan but in compliance with financial covenants and performance expected to improve.
3 – Significant risk. Portfolio company performing materially below plan and may be in default of financial covenants. Loss of principal not expected but returns likely impaired.
4 – Potential impairment. Focus is on preservation of capital.
For any investment rated 2, 3 or 4, our manager will increase its level of focus and prepare regular updates for the investment committee summarizing current operating results, material impending events and recommended actions.
Competition Our primary competitors to provide financing to middle-market companies include public and private funds, commercial and investment banks, commercial finance companies and private equity and hedge funds. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial and marketing resources than we do. For example, some competitors may have access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than us. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC or to the distribution and other requirements we must satisfy to maintain our favorable RIC tax status.
Properties We do not own any real estate or other physical properties materially important to our operation. Our headquarters are currently located at 100 Federal Street, 31st Floor, Boston, MA 02110. THL Credit Advisors furnishes us office space and we reimburse it for such costs on an allocated basis.
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Legal Proceedings Neither we nor THL Credit Advisors are currently subject to any material legal proceedings.
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MANAGEMENT OF THE COMPANY
Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our board of directors. Our board of directors currently consists of members, of whom are not “interested persons” of our company or of THL Credit Advisors as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act and are “independent,” as determined by our board of directors, consistent with the rules of the NASDAQ Global Select Market. We refer to these individuals as our independent directors. Our board of directors elects our executive officers, who serve at the discretion of the board of directors.
Board of Directors Under our charter, our directors will be divided into three classes. Each class of directors will hold office for a three year term. However, the initial members of the three classes have initial terms of one, two and three years, respectively. At each annual meeting of our stockholders, the successors to the class of directors whose terms expire at such meeting will be elected to hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders held in the third year following the year of their election. Each director will hold office for the term to which he or she is elected and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies.
Directors Information regarding the board of directors is as follows: Name
Age
Director Since
Expiration of Term
Position
Interested Director: James K. Hunt
57
Director, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer
Independent Directors: (To be appointed) (To be appointed) (To be appointed) (To be appointed)
Director Director Director Director
The address for each director is c/o THL Credit, Inc., 100 Federal Street, 31st Floor, Boston, MA 02110.
Executive officers who are not directors Information regarding our executive officers who are not directors is as follows: Name
Age
Sam W. Tillinghast Terrence W. Olson
46 42
Position
President and Chief Operating Officer Chief Financial Officer and interim Chief Compliance Officer
The address for each executive officer is c/o THL Credit, Inc., 100 Federal Street, 31st Floor, Boston, MA 02110.
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Terrence W. Olson will serve as our interim chief compliance officer until our board of directors has approved a permanent chief compliance officer.
Biographical information The following is information concerning the business experience of our board of directors and executive officers. Our directors have been divided into two groups—interested directors and independent directors. Interested directors are “interested persons” as defined in the 1940 Act.
Interested director James K. Hunt, 57, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of the Company and THL Credit Advisors. Since May 2007, Mr. Hunt has also been the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of THL Credit Group, L.P., an affiliated investment advisory firm. Mr. Hunt was most recently Managing Partner and Chief Executive Officer of Bison Capital which he co-founded in 2001. Previously, he was President of SunAmerica Corporate Finance and an Executive Vice President of SunAmerica Investments, Inc. (subsequently, AIG SunAmerica) through 2000. At SunAmerica, Mr. Hunt was responsible for high-yielding investments including private placements, acquisition financing, term loans and portfolio purchases, structured finance and corporate acquisitions. The asset portfolio managed by Mr. Hunt exceeded $8 billion, with total investments of more than $19 billion during his tenure. Investments were partially made through five CDOs (collateralized debt obligations) exceeding $3.5 billion. He was President and CEO of the Anchor Pathway Funds and SunAmerica Series Trust with assets exceeding $11 billion. For SunAmerica, Mr. Hunt was the executive responsible for the acquisition of First City Texas Leasing in 1991, Southeast Bank Leasing in 1993 and Imperial Premium Finance in 1994 and served as the senior officer managing these finance companies. Mr. Hunt joined SunAmerica in 1990 from the Davis Companies, a private equity investment firm, where he was responsible for acquisitions. Prior to that he worked at Citicorp for over 14 years, where he held a variety of leveraged lending, credit and finance positions, culminating in the role of Senior Credit Officer and Vice President/ Area Head for the Far West U.S. leveraged lending group. At Citicorp, Mr. Hunt also had responsibilities for various workout transactions and the Western asset based lending group. Mr. Hunt currently serves on the board of directors of Lender Processing Services, Inc. (NYSE: LPS). Mr. Hunt is a former Chairman and member of the board of directors of Financial Pacific Leasing, LLC, formerly Lead Trustee for Falcon Financial (Nasdaq: FLCN), a former member of the boards of directors of Primus Guaranty Ltd, LLC. (NYSE: PRS), CLS Worldwide Services, LLC, GTS Holdings, Inc., Helinet Aviation Services, LLC, Metagenics, Inc., and Mobile Storage Group. Mr. Hunt earned his BBA in economics from the University of Texas at El Paso and an MBA in finance and accounting from the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton Graduate School of Business.
Independent directors [To come]
Executive officers who are not directors Sam W. Tillinghast, 45, President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company and THL Credit Advisors. Since May 2007, Mr. Tillinghast has also been the President and Chief Operating Officer of THL Credit Group, L.P., an investment advisory firm affiliated with the Company. Mr. Tillinghast was formerly the head of the Private Placement Group for AIG. Mr. Tillinghast joined AIG with the acquisition of SunAmerica Inc. in January 1999, and successfully integrated the private debt investment groups of SunAmerica, AIG and American General (acquired by AIG in 2001). Mr. Tillinghast was responsible for the initiative to build a mezzanine and high-yield private placement team which was successfully led by Mr. Hammer and Mr. Ochs. By 2006, Mr. Tillinghast was responsible for a $28 billion private debt portfolio. While at SunAmerica, where he joined in 1990, Mr. Tillinghast was Executive Vice President of SunAmerica Corporate Finance and his investment experience included corporate bonds, securitizations, leveraged loans, CDOs, portfolio acquisitions, and equipment leasing. He is a former member of the board of directors of Falcon Financial, LLC. Mr. Tillinghast received his BS in finance at the University of South Alabama and his MBA from the University of Texas at Austin.
Terrence W. Olson, 42, Chief Financial Officer of the Company and THL Credit Advisors. Mr. Olson is also the Chief Financial Officer of THL Credit Group, L.P., an affiliated investment advisor . Prior to February 2008, Mr. Olson spent ten years at Highland Capital Partners (“Highland”), a venture capital firm, where he served as Director of Finance and was responsible for the financial, tax and operational matters for Highland’s funds as well global activities in
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Europe and China. Before joining Highland, Mr. Olson was a Senior Manager at the accounting firm of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP where he worked with public and private companies in the financial services and technology sectors between 1989 and 1998. Mr. Olson holds a BS in accounting from Boston College.
Committees of the Board of Directors Our board of directors currently has two committees: an audit committee and a governance committee.
Audit Committee. The audit committee operates pursuant to a charter approved by our board of directors. The charter sets forth the responsibilities of the audit committee. The primary function of the audit committee is to serve as an independent and objective party to assist the board of directors in fulfilling its responsibilities for overseeing and monitoring the quality and integrity of our financial statements, the adequacy of our system of internal controls, the review of the independence, qualifications and performance of our registered public accounting firm, and the performance of our internal audit function. The audit committee is presently composed of persons, including (Chairperson), and , all of whom are considered independent for purposes of the 1940 Act and The NASDAQ Global Select Market listing standards. Our board of directors has determined that is an “audit committee financial expert” as defined under Item 401 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. meets the current independence and experience requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and, in addition, is not an “interested person” of the Company or of THL Credit Advisors as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act.
Governance Committee. The governance operates pursuant to a charter approved by our board of directors. The charter sets forth the responsibilities of the governance committee, including making nominations for the appointment or election of independent directors, reviewing independent director compensation, retirement policies and personnel training policies and administering the provisions of the code of ethics applicable to the independent directors. The governance committee consists of (Chairperson), and , all of whom are considered independent for purposes of the 1940 Act and The NASDAQ Global Select Market listing standards.
Compensation Committee. We will not have a compensation committee because our executive officers will not receive any direct compensation from us.
Compensation of Directors As compensation for serving on our board of directors, each independent director receives an annual fee of $35,000. Independent directors also receive $7,500 ($1,500 for telephonic attendance) plus reimbursement of reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending each board meeting and receive $2,500 ($1,500 for telephonic attendance) plus reimbursement of reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending each committee meeting. In addition, the Chairperson of the audit committee receives an annual fee of $25,000 and each chairperson of any other committee receives an annual fee of $10,000 and other members of the audit committee and any other standing committee receive an annual fee of $12,500 and $6,000, respectively, for their additional services in these capacities. In addition, we purchase directors’ and officers’ liability insurance on behalf of our directors and officers.
Staffing We do not currently have any employees and do not expect to have any employees. Services necessary for our business are provided by individuals who are employees of THL Credit Advisors, pursuant to the terms of the investment management agreement and the administration agreement. Each of our executive officers described under “Management” is an employee of THL Credit Advisors. Our day-to-day investment operations are managed by our investment advisor. The services necessary for the origination and administration of our investment portfolio are provided by investment professionals employed by THL Credit Advisors. THL Credit Advisors’ investment professionals focus on origination and transaction development and the ongoing monitoring of our investments. See “The Advisor—Investment Management Agreement.” In addition, we reimburse THL Credit Advisors for our allocable portion of expenses incurred by it in performing its obligations under the administration agreement, including our allocable portion of the cost of our officers and their respective staffs. See “The Advisor—Administration Agreement.”
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Compensation of Executive Officers None of our officers will receive direct compensation from us. We expect to retain a chief compliance officer promptly after completion of this offering. Terrence W. Olson will serve as our interim Chief Compliance Officer until our board of directors has approved a permanent chief compliance officer. The compensation of our chief financial officer and chief compliance officer, once retained, will be paid by our administrator, subject to reimbursement by us of an allocable portion of such compensation for services rendered by him to us. To the extent that our administrator outsources any of its functions we will pay the fees associated with such functions on a direct basis without profit to the administrator.
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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS
We have entered into an investment management agreement and an administration agreement with THL Credit Advisors. We expect to benefit from THL Credit Advisors’ relationship with THL Partners as THL Credit Advisors will have access to the contacts and industry knowledge of THL Partners’ investment team to enhance its transaction sourcing capabilities and will also be able to consult with the THL Partners’ investment team on specific industry issues, trends and other matters to complement our investment process. Our senior management team holds equity interests in THL Credit Advisors and in an affiliated entity that manages THL Credit Opportunities, L.P., a private fund with $171 million in committed capital and a remaining investment period of three years. Upon completion of this offering, it is expected that THL Credit Opportunities, L.P. will cease making investments in new companies. In addition, THL Credit Advisors may in the future manage investment funds with investment objectives similar to ours. Accordingly, we may not be given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by such investment funds. However, THL Credit Advisors intends that in such a situation it would allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner consistent with our investment objectives and strategies so that we are not disadvantaged in relation to any other client. See “Risks—Risks relating to our business—Our investment advisor and its affiliates, senior management and employees have certain conflicts of interest.”
We have entered into a license agreement with THL Credit Advisors under which THL Credit Advisors has agreed to grant us a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to use the name “THL” for specified purposes in our business. Under this agreement, we will have a right to use the “THL” name, subject to certain conditions, for so long as THL Credit Advisors or one of its affiliates remains our investment advisor. Other than with respect to this limited license, we will have no legal right to the “THL” name.
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THE ADVISOR
THL Credit Advisors will serve as our investment advisor. THL Credit Advisors intends to register as an investment advisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Subject to the overall supervision of our board of directors, THL Credit Advisors will manage the day-to-day operations of, and provide investment advisory and management services to, THL Credit, Inc.
Portfolio managers The members of THL Credit Advisors’ investment committee are our portfolio managers. The investment committee currently consists of James K. Hunt, Sam W. Tillinghast, Christopher F. Ochs, Gregory S. Hammer, and W. Hunter Stropp. Biographical information with respect to Messrs. Hunt and Mr. Tillinghast is set forth under “Management of the Company—Biographical information.”
Gregory S. Hammer, 41, Executive Vice President of THL Credit Advisors. Since May 2007, Mr. Hammer has been an Executive Vice President of THL Credit Group, L.P., an affiliated investment advisory firm. Mr. Hammer previously was a Managing Director at AIG where he coheaded the Leveraged Capital Group from February 2004 until May 2007. During 2002 and 2003, Mr. Hammer was co-head of the Corporate Private Placement Group at AIG. Previously, Mr. Hammer had worked for SunAmerica Corporate Finance (acquired by AIG in 1999) since 1996, where he invested in private corporate debt, private asset-backed securities and structured lease transactions. Before joining SunAmerica, Mr. Hammer worked at American General Corporation (acquired by AIG in 2001) where he invested in corporate private placements and public investment grade and high-yield fixed income securities. Previously, Mr. Hammer was a consultant and auditor at Kenneth Leventhal & Co. Mr. Hammer earned his MBA with a concentration in finance from the University of Texas at Austin, and he received his BBA with a major in accounting from Southern Methodist University.
Christopher F. Ochs, 45, Executive Vice President of THL Credit Advisors. Since May 2007, Mr. Ochs has been an Executive Vice President of THL Credit Group, L.P., an affiliated investment advisory firm . Mr. Ochs previously was a Managing Director at AIG where he coheaded the Leveraged Capital Group from February 2004 until May 2007. During 2002 and 2003, Mr. Ochs was a portfolio manager in AIG’s Public High-Yield Group, where he managed general account and separate account investments. Mr. Ochs headed AIG’s Leverage Loan Group during 2000 and 2001, which managed both general account and CDO/CLO portfolios. Previously, Mr. Ochs worked for SunAmerica Corporate Finance (acquired by AIG). While at SunAmerica, Mr. Ochs invested in private corporate, ABS and structured lease transactions. Before joining SunAmerica, Mr. Ochs was an Investment Manager for American General Corporation (acquired by AIG in 2001) and responsible for investments in the financial services sector. Mr. Ochs began his investment career as a corporate banker at Texas Commerce Bancshares, which was acquired by JP Morgan Chase. Mr. Ochs received his BBA and MBA from Texas A&M University.
W. Hunter Stropp, 38, Executive Vice President of THL Credit Advisors. Since June 2007, Mr. Stropp has been an Executive Vice President of THL Credit Group, L.P. an affiliated investment advisory firm. Mr. Stropp served as a Vice President and Investment Manager in the Private Equity Group of GE Asset Management Inc. from 2000 to 2007. Mr. Stropp previously served in private equity and business development at Koch Industries, Inc. Mr. Stropp has served on the boards of directors of Octane Fitness LLC, HB&G Building Products, Inc., Homegrown Natural Foods, Inc. and Coast Crane Company, Inc. Mr. Stropp began his career as a consultant at Arthur Andersen LLP. Mr. Stropp holds an MBA from Texas A&M University and BA’s in economics and political science from the University of Texas at Austin.
The compensation of the members of the Investment Committee paid by THL Credit Advisors includes an annual base salary, in certain cases an annual bonus based on an assessment of short-term and long-term performance, and a portion of the incentive fee, if any, paid to THL Credit Advisors determined on the same basis as the annual bonus. In addition, the investment committee members have equity interests in THL Credit Advisors and may receive distributions of profits in respect of those interests. THL Credit Advisors has employment agreements with the members of the Investment Committee, which contain confidentiality, noncompetition and nonsolicitation provisions to assist THL Credit Advisors in retaining their services.
The investment team also includes Christopher J. Flynn, Kunal M. Soni and Timothy L. Tucker, who focus on the origination and transaction development and ongoing monitoring of our investments:
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Christopher J. Flynn, 36, Director of THL Credit Advisors. Since June 2007, Mr. Flynn has been a Director of THL Credit Group, L.P. an affiliated investment advisory firm. Mr. Flynn was previously a Vice President at AIG in the Leveraged Capital Group. Mr. Flynn joined AIG in February 2005 after working for Black Diamond Capital Management, a hedge fund with offices in Illinois and Connecticut. Mr. Flynn was a Senior Financial Analyst at Black Diamond where he was responsible for underwriting new debt investment opportunities as well as monitoring a portfolio of leveraged loans. From 2000 to 2003, Mr. Flynn worked in a variety of roles at GE Capital, lastly as an Assistant Vice President within the Capital Markets Syndication Group. Prior to joining GE Capital, Mr. Flynn worked at BNP Paribas as a financial analyst and at Bank One as a commercial banker. Mr. Flynn earned his MBA with a concentration in finance and strategy from Northwestern University’s Kellogg Graduate School of Business and his BA in Finance from DePaul University.
Kunal M. Soni, 32, Director of THL Credit Advisors. Since June 2007, Mr. Soni has been a Director of THL Credit Group, L.P. an affiliated investment advisory firm. Previously, Mr. Soni was a Principal at Bison Capital, a non-control private equity fund based in Los Angeles, California. Prior to Bison Capital, Mr. Soni was in the Los Angeles office of J.P. Morgan's Investment Banking Division where his responsibilities included originating, analyzing and executing a broad range of financing and merger and acquisition transactions. Prior to J.P. Morgan, he worked in the Transaction Services practice for KPMG LLP, where he was responsible for conducting financial and strategic due diligence for institutional investors, private equity firms and strategic buyers in connection with merger and acquisition transactions. Mr. Soni began his career in the audit practice of KPMG LLP. Mr. Soni earned a BA from Emory University.
Timothy L. Tucker, 36, Director of THL Credit Advisors. Since June 2007, Mr. Tucker has been a Director of THL Credit Group, L.P. an affiliated investment advisory firm. Mr. Tucker was previously a Vice President at AIG in the Leveraged Capital Group. Mr. Tucker joined AIG in February 2004 after working with Kinsman Capital, a San Diego-based private equity firm focused on lower middle-market leveraged buyouts. Mr. Tucker was a Vice President at Kinsman Capital from 2000 to 2003, where he participated in all phases of the monitoring and investing process. Previously, he was an analyst at Frontenac Company, a Chicago-based private equity firm. At Frontenac, he focused on investments in the consumer and industrial products industries. Mr. Tucker began his career as an analyst at Bowles Hollowell Conner & Co., where he specialized in mergers and acquisitions. Mr. Tucker graduated cum laude with a BBA in finance and a minor in statistics from Southern Methodist University.
Investment management agreement Under the terms of our investment management agreement, THL Credit Advisors will: ·
determine the composition of our portfolio, the nature and timing of the changes to our portfolio and the manner of implementing such changes;
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identify, evaluate and negotiate the structure of the investments we make (including performing due diligence on our prospective portfolio companies); and
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close, monitor and administer the investments we make, including the exercise of any voting or consent rights.
THL Credit Advisors’ services under the investment management agreement are not exclusive, and it is free to furnish similar services to other entities so long as its services to us are not impaired.
Pursuant to our investment management agreement, we will pay THL Credit Advisors a fee for investment advisory and management services consisting of a base management fee and a two-part incentive fee.
Management Fee. The base management fee will be calculated at an annual rate of 1.5% of our gross assets payable quarterly in arrears. For purposes of calculating the base management fee, the term “gross assets” includes any assets acquired with the proceeds of leverage. For services rendered under the investment management agreement, the base management fee will be payable quarterly in arrears. For the first quarter of our operations, the base management fee will be calculated based on the initial value of our gross assets. Subsequently, the base management fee will be calculated based on
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the average value of our gross assets at the end of the two most recently completed calendar quarters, and appropriately adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the current calendar quarter. Base management fees for any partial quarter will be appropriately pro rated.
Incentive Fee. The incentive fee will have two components, as follows:
One component will be calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based on our pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding calendar quarter and will be 15.0% of the amount, if any, by which our pre-incentive fee net investment income for the immediately preceding calendar quarter exceeds a 2.0% (which is 8.0% annualized) hurdle rate and a “catch-up” provision measured as of the end of each calendar quarter. Under this provision, in any calendar quarter, our investment adviser receives no incentive fee until our net investment income equals the hurdle rate of 2.0%, but then receives, as a “catch-up,” 100% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income with respect to that portion of such pre-incentive fee net investment income, if any, that exceeds the hurdle rate but is less than 2.353%. The effect of this provision is that, if pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds 2.353% in any calendar quarter, our investment adviser will receive 15% of our pre-incentive fee net investment income as if a hurdle rate did not apply. For this purpose, pre-incentive fee net investment income means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees (other than fees for providing managerial assistance), such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting fees or other fees that we receive from portfolio companies) accrued during the calendar quarter, minus our operating expenses for the quarter (including the base management fee, expenses payable under the administration agreement (as defined below), and any interest expense and any dividends paid on any issued and outstanding preferred stock, but excluding the incentive fee). Preincentive fee net investment income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature (such as original issue discount, debt instruments with payment-in-kind interest and zero coupon securities), accrued income that we have not yet received in cash.
Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not include any realized capital gains, realized capital losses or unrealized capital appreciation or depreciation. Because of the structure of the incentive fee, it is possible that we may pay an incentive fee in a quarter where we incur a loss. For example, if we receive pre-incentive fee net investment income in excess of the quarterly minimum hurdle rate, we will pay the applicable incentive fee even if we have incurred a loss in that quarter due to realized and unrealized capital losses. Our net investment income used to calculate this component of the incentive fee is also included in the amount of our gross assets used to calculate the 1.5% base management fee. These calculations will be appropriately pro rated for any period of less than three months and adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the current quarter. The following is a graphical representation of the calculation of the income-related portion of the incentive fee: Quarterly Incentive Fee Based on Net Investment Income Pre-incentive fee net investment income (expressed as a percentage of the value of net assets)
Percentage of pre-incentive fee net investment income allocated to first component of incentive fee The second component of the incentive fee will be determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or upon termination of the investment management agreement, as of the termination date), commencing on December 31, 2009, and will equal 15.0% of our cumulative aggregate realized capital gains for the calendar year, if any, computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation through the end of such year, less all previous amounts paid in respect of the capital gain incentive fee provided that the incentive fee determined as of December 31, 2009 will be calculated for a period of shorter than twelve calendar months to take into account any realized capital gains computed net of all realized capital losses and unrealized capital depreciation for the period ending December 31, 2009.
Examples of Quarterly Incentive Fee Calculation Example 1: Income Related Portion of Incentive Fee: Assumptions ·
Hurdle rate(1) = 2.00%
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Management fee(2) = 0.375%
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Other expenses (legal, accounting, custodian, transfer agent, etc.)(3) = 0.20%
Alternative 1 Additional Assumptions ·
Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) = 1.25%
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Pre-incentive fee net investment income (investment income - (management fee + other expenses)) = 0.675%
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Pre-incentive net investment income does not exceed hurdle rate, therefore there is no incentive fee.
Alternative 2 Additional Assumptions ·
Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) = 2.70%
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Pre-incentive fee net investment income (investment income - (management fee + other expenses)) = 2.125%
Pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds hurdle rate, therefore there is an incentive fee. Incentive fee = (100% × “Catch-Up”) + (the greater of 0% AND (15% × (pre-incentive fee net investment income - 2.353%))) = (100.0% x (pre-incentive fee net investment income - 2.00%)) + 0% = (100.0% x (2.125% - 2.00%)) = 100.0% x 0.125% = 0.125%
Alternative 3 Additional Assumptions ·
Investment income (including interest, dividends, fees, etc.) = 3.50%
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Pre-incentive fee net investment income (investment income - (management fee + other expenses)) = 2.925% Pre-incentive fee net investment income exceeds hurdle rate, therefore there is an incentive fee.
Incentive Fee = (100% × “Catch-Up”) + (the greater of 0% AND (15% × (pre-incentive fee net investment income - 2.353%))) = (100% × (2.353% - 2.0%)) + (15% × (2.925% - 2.353%)) = 0.353% + (15% × 0.572%) = 0.353% + 0.0858% = 0.4388%
(1) (2) (3)
Represents 8.0% annualized hurdle rate. Represents 1.5% annualized management fee. Excludes organizational and offering expenses.
Example 2: Capital Gains Portion of Incentive Fee: Alternative 1: Assumptions ·
Year 1: $20 million investment made in Company A (“Investment A”), and $30 million investment made in Company B (“Investment B”)
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Year 2: Investment A sold for $50 million and fair market value, or FMV, of Investment B determined to be $32 million
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Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $25 million
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Year 4: Investment B sold for $31 million
The capital gains portion of the incentive fee would be: ·
Year 1: None
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Year 2: Capital gains incentive fee of $4.5 million ($30 million realized capital gains on sale of Investment A multiplied by 15.0%)
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Year 3: None; $3.75 million (15.0% multiplied by ($30 million cumulative capital gains less $5 million cumulative capital depreciation)) less $4.5 million (previous capital gains fee paid in Year 2)
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Year 4: Capital gains incentive fee of $150,000; $4.65 million ($31 million cumulative realized capital gains multiplied by 15.0%) less $4.5 million (capital gains fee paid in Year 2)
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Alternative 2 Assumptions ·
Year 1: $20 million investment made in Company A (“Investment A”), $30 million investment made in Company B (“Investment B”) and $25 million investment made in Company C (“Investment C”)
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Year 2: Investment A sold for $50 million, FMV of Investment B determined to be $25 million and FMV of Investment C determined to be $25 million
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Year 3: FMV of Investment B determined to be $27 million and Investment C sold for $30 million
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Year 4: FMV of Investment B determined to be $35 million
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Year 5: Investment B sold for $20 million
The capital gains portion of the incentive fee would be: ·
Year 1: None
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Year 2: Capital gains incentive fee of $3.75 million; 15.0% multiplied by $25 million ($30 million realized capital gains on Investment A less $5 million unrealized capital depreciation on Investment B)
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Year 3: Capital gains incentive fee of $1.05 million; $4.8 million (15.0% multiplied by $32 million ($35 million cumulative realized capital gains less $3 million unrealized capital depreciation on Investment B)) less $3.75 million capital gains fee received in Year 2
·
Year 4: None
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Year 5: None; $3.75 million of capital gains incentive fee (15.0% multiplied by $25 million (cumulative realized capital gains of $35 million less realized capital losses of $10 million)) less $4.8 million cumulative capital gains fee paid in Year 2 and Year 3
Payment of our expenses All investment professionals and staff of THL Credit Advisors, when and to the extent engaged in providing investment advisory and management services, and the compensation and routine overhead expenses of such personnel allocable to such services, will be provided and paid for by THL Credit Advisors. We will bear all other costs and expenses of our operations and transactions, including those relating to:
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our organization;
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calculating our net asset value (including the cost and expenses of any independent valuation firms);
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expenses, including travel expense, incurred by THL Credit Advisors or payable to third parties performing due diligence on prospective portfolio companies, monitoring our investments and, if necessary, enforcing our rights;
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interest payable on debt, if any, incurred to finance our investments;
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the costs of this and all future offerings of common shares and other securities, if any;
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the base management fee and any incentive management fee;
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distributions on our shares;
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•
administration fees payable under our administration agreement;
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the allocated costs incurred by THL Credit Advisors as our Administrator in providing managerial assistance to those portfolio companies that request it;
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amounts payable to third parties relating to, or associated with, making investments;
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transfer agent and custodial fees;
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registration fees;
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listing fees;
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taxes;
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independent director fees and expenses;
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costs of preparing and filing reports or other documents with the SEC;
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the costs of any reports, proxy statements or other notices to our stockholders, including printing costs;
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our fidelity bond;
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directors and officers/errors and omissions liability insurance, and any other insurance premiums;
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indemnification payments;
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direct costs and expenses of administration, including audit and legal costs; and
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all other expenses reasonably incurred by us or the Administrator in connection with administering our business, such as the allocable portion of overhead under our administration agreement, including rent and other allocable portions of the cost of certain of our officers and their respective staffs.
We will reimburse THL Credit Advisors for costs and expenses incurred by THL Credit Advisors for office space rental, office equipment and utilities allocable to the performance by THL Credit Advisors of its duties under the investment management agreement, as well as any costs and expenses incurred by THL Credit Advisors relating to any non-investment advisory, administrative or operating services provided by THL Credit Advisors to us or in the form of managerial assistance to portfolio companies that request it.
From time to time, THL Credit Advisors may pay amounts owed by us to third party providers of goods or services. We will subsequently reimburse THL Credit Advisors for such amounts paid on our behalf.
Limitation of liability and indemnification The investment management agreement provides that THL Credit Advisors and its officers, directors, employees and affiliates are not liable to us or any of our stockholders for any act or omission by it or its employees in the supervision or management of our investment activities or for any loss sustained by us or our stockholders, except that the foregoing exculpation does not extend to any act or omission constituting willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations under the investment management agreement. The investment management agreement also provides for indemnification by us of THL Credit Advisors’ members, directors, officers, employees, agents and control persons for liabilities incurred by it in connection with their services to us, subject to the same limitations and to certain conditions.
Board approval of the investment management agreement Our board of directors held an in-person meeting on [ ], 2009, in order to consider and approve our investment management agreement. In its consideration of the investment management agreement, the board of directors focused on information it had received relating to, among other things: (a) the nature, quality and extent of the advisory and
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other services to be provided to us by our investment advisor, THL Credit Advisors; (b) comparative data with respect to advisory fees or similar expenses paid by other business development companies with similar investment objectives; (c) our projected operating expenses and expense ratio compared to business development companies with similar investment objectives; (d) any existing and potential sources of indirect income to THL Credit Advisors or the Administrator from their relationships with us and the profitability of those relationships; (e) information about the services to be performed and the personnel performing such services under the investment management agreement; (f) the organizational capability and financial condition of THL Credit Advisors and its affiliates; (g) THL Credit Advisors’ practices regarding the selection and compensation of brokers that may execute our portfolio transactions and the brokers’ provision of brokerage and research services to our investment advisor; and (h) the possibility of obtaining similar services from other third party service providers or through an internally managed structure.
Based on the information reviewed and the discussions, the board of directors, including a majority of the non-interested directors, concluded that the investment management fee rates are reasonable in relation to the services to be provided.
Duration and termination The investment management agreement was approved by our board of directors on [ ], 2009. Unless terminated earlier as described below, it will continue in effect for a period of two years from its effective date. It will remain in effect from year to year thereafter if approved annually by our board of directors or by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities, including, in either case, approval by a majority of our directors who are not interested persons. The investment management agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The investment management agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty upon not more than 60 days’ written notice to the other. See “Risks—Risks relating to our business and structure—We are dependent upon senior management personnel of our investment advisor for our future success, and if our investment advisor is unable to hire and retain qualified personnel or if our investment advisor loses any member of its senior management team, our ability to achieve our investment objective could be significantly harmed.”
Administration agreement We have entered into an administration agreement with the Administrator, which we refer to as the “administration agreement,” under which the Administrator provides administrative services to us. For providing these services, facilities and personnel, we reimburse the Administrator for our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the administration agreement, including rent and our allocable portion of the cost of certain of our officers and their respective staffs.
From time to time, the Administrator may pay amounts owed by us to third-party providers of goods or services. We will subsequently reimburse the Administrator for such amounts paid on our behalf.
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DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value per share of our outstanding shares of common stock is determined quarterly by dividing the value of total assets minus liabilities by the total number of shares of common stock outstanding at the date as of which the determination is made.
In calculating the value of our total assets, investments for which market quotations are readily available are valued at such market quotations, which are generally obtained from an independent pricing service or one or more broker-dealers or market makers. However, debt investments with remaining maturities within 60 days that are not credit impaired are valued at cost plus accreted discount, or minus amortized premium, which approximates fair value. Debt and equity securities for which market quotations are not readily available are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of our board of directors. Because we expect that there will not be a readily available market value for many of the investments in our portfolio, we expect to value many of our portfolio investments at fair value as determined in good faith under the direction of our board of directors in accordance with a documented valuation policy that has been reviewed and approved by our board of directors. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not
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have a readily available market value, the fair value of our investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a readily available market value existed for such investments, and the differences could be material.
With respect to investments for which market quotations are not readily available, our board of directors undertakes a multi-step valuation process each quarter, as described below:
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our quarterly valuation process begins with each portfolio company or investment being initially valued by the investment professionals responsible for the portfolio investment;
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preliminary valuation conclusions are then documented and discussed with senior management;
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to the extent determined by the audit committee of our board of directors, independent valuation firms engaged by our board of directors conduct independent appraisals and review management’s preliminary valuations and their own independent assessment;
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the audit committee of our board of directors reviews the preliminary valuations of the investment professionals, senior management and independent valuation firms; and
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our board of directors discusses valuations and determines the fair value of each investment in our portfolio in good faith based on the input of THL Credit Advisors, the respective independent valuation firms and the audit committee.
The types of factors that we may take into account in fair value pricing our investments include, as relevant, the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company’s ability to make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flow, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, comparison to publicly traded securities and other relevant factors.
In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”, or FAS 157. FAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principals in the United Sates, or GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.
FAS 157 classifies the inputs used to measure these fair values into the following hierarchy:
Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, accessible by the Company at the measurement date.
Level 2: Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, or quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other observable inputs other than quoted prices.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
In all cases, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls will be determined based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to each investment.
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The changes to generally accepted accounting principles from the application of FAS 157 relate to the definition of fair value, framework for measuring fair value and the expanded disclosures about fair value measurements. FAS 157 applies to fair value measurements already required or permitted by other standards. In accordance with FAS 157, the fair value of our investments is defined as the price that we would receive upon selling an investment in an orderly transaction to an independent buyer in the principal or most advantageous market in which that investment is transacted.
Determinations in connection with offerings In connection with certain offerings of shares of our common stock, our board of directors or one of its committees will be required to make the determination that we are not selling shares of our common stock at a price below the then current net asset value of our common stock at the time at which the sale is made. Our board of directors or the applicable committee will consider the following factors, among others, in making such determination:
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the net asset value of our common stock most recently disclosed by us in the most recent periodic report that we filed with the SEC;
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our management’s assessment of whether any material change in the net asset value of our common stock has occurred (including through the realization of gains on the sale of our portfolio securities) during the period beginning on the date of the most recently disclosed net asset value of our common stock and ending two days prior to the date of the sale of our common stock; and
•
the magnitude of the difference between the net asset value of our common stock most recently disclosed by us and our management’s assessment of any material change in the net asset value of our common stock since that determination, and the offering price of the shares of our common stock in the proposed offering.
This determination will not require that we calculate the net asset value of our common stock in connection with each offering of shares of our common stock, but instead it will involve the determination by our board of directors or a committee thereof that we are not selling shares of our common stock at a price below the then current net asset value of our common stock at the time at which the sale is made or otherwise in violation of the 1940 Act.
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DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN
We are adopting an “opt in” dividend reinvestment plan. As a result, if we declare a cash dividend or other distribution, each stockholder that has not “opted in” to our dividend reinvestment plan will receive cash dividends, rather than having their dividends automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock.
To enroll in the dividend reinvestment plan, each stockholder must complete an enrollment status form and return it to the plan agent. The plan agent will then automatically reinvest any dividends in additional shares of our common stock. Stockholders may change their status in the dividend reinvestment plan at any time by contacting our transfer agent and plan agent in writing. The plan agent will set up an account for shares acquired through the plan for each stockholder who has elected to participate in the plan and will hold such shares in non-certificated form. Upon request by a stockholder participating in the plan received in writing not less than 10 days prior to the record date, the plan agent will, instead of crediting shares to the participant’s account, issue a certificate registered in the participant’s name for the number of whole shares of our common stock and a check for any fractional share.
Those stockholders whose shares are held by a broker or other financial intermediary may receive dividends in shares of our common stock by notifying their broker or other financial intermediary of their election.
We intend to use primarily newly issued shares to implement the plan, whether our shares are trading at a premium or at a discount to net asset value. However, we reserve the right to purchase shares in the open market in connection with our implementation of the plan. The number of shares to be issued to a stockholder is determined by dividing the total dollar amount of the dividend payable to such stockholder by the market price per share of our common stock at the close of regular trading on The NASDAQ Global Select Market on the valuation date, which date shall be as close as practicable to the dividend payment date for such dividend. Market price per share on that date will be the closing price for such shares on The NASDAQ Global Select Market or, if no sale is reported for such day, at the average of their reported bid and asked prices. The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after giving effect to payment of the dividend cannot be established until the value per share at which additional shares will be issued has been determined and elections of our stockholders have been tabulated. Stockholders who do not elect to receive dividends in shares of common stock may experience accretion to the net asset value of their shares if our shares are trading at a premium at the time we issue new shares under the plan and dilution if our shares are trading at a discount. The level of accretion or discount would depend on various factors, including the proportion of our stockholders who participate in the plan, the level of premium or discount at which our shares are trading and the amount of the dividend payable to a stockholder.
There will be no brokerage charges or other charges to stockholders who participate in the plan. The plan administrator’s fees under the plan will be paid by us. If a participant elects by written notice to the plan administrator to have the plan administrator sell part or all of the shares held by the plan administrator in the participant’s account and remit the proceeds to the participant, the plan administrator is authorized to deduct a $ transaction fee plus a 10¢ per share brokerage commissions from the proceeds.
Stockholders who receive dividends in the form of stock are subject to the same federal, state and local tax consequences as are stockholders who elect to receive their dividends in cash. A stockholder’s basis for determining gain or loss upon the sale of stock received in a dividend from us will be equal to the total dollar amount of the dividend payable to the stockholder. Any stock received in a dividend will have a new holding period for tax purposes commencing on the day following the day on which the shares are credited to the U.S. stockholder’s account.
Participants may terminate their accounts under the plan by notifying the plan agent via its website at [ transaction request form located at bottom of their statement and sending it to the plan agent at [ [ ].
], by filling out the ] or by calling the plan agent at
The plan may be terminated by us upon notice in writing mailed to each participant at least 30 days prior to any record date for the payment of any dividend by us. All correspondence concerning the plan should be directed to the plan administrator by mail at .
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DESCRIPTION OF SHARES
General Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, our authorized capital stock will consist solely of 100,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which shares were outstanding as of , 2009, and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share, of which no shares were outstanding as of , 2009. There is currently no market for our common stock, and we can offer no assurances that a market for our shares will develop in the future. We have applied to have our common stock quoted on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the ticker symbol “TCRD.”
Common stock Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders and do not have cumulative voting rights. Accordingly, holders of a majority of the shares of common stock entitled to vote in any election of directors may elect all of the directors standing for election. Holders of common stock are entitled to receive proportionately any dividends declared by our board of directors, subject to any preferential dividend rights of outstanding preferred stock. Upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, the holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably our net assets available after the payment of all debts and other liabilities and subject to the prior rights of any outstanding preferred stock. Holders of common stock have no preemptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights. The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of common stock are subject to the rights of the holders of any series of preferred stock which we may designate and issue in the future. In addition, holders of our common stock may participate in our dividend reinvestment plan.
Preferred stock Under the terms of our certificate of incorporation, our board of directors is authorized to issue shares of preferred stock in one or more series without stockholder approval. The board has discretion to determine the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges and liquidation preferences of each series of preferred stock. The 1940 Act limits our flexibility as to certain rights and preferences of the preferred stock that our certificate of incorporation may provide and requires, among other things, that immediately after issuance and before any distribution is made with respect to common stock, we meet a coverage ratio of total assets to total senior securities, which include all of our borrowings and our preferred stock, of at least 200%, and the holders of shares of preferred stock, if any are issued, must be entitled as a class to elect two directors at all times and to elect a majority of the directors if and for so long as dividends on the preferred stock are unpaid in an amount equal to two full years of dividends on the preferred stock. The features of the preferred stock will be further limited by the requirements applicable to regulated investment companies under the Code. The purpose of authorizing our board to issue preferred stock and determine its rights and preferences is to eliminate delays associated with a stockholder vote on specific issuances. The issuance of preferred stock, while providing desirable flexibility in connection with providing leverage for our investment program, possible acquisitions and other corporate purposes, could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or could discourage a third party from acquiring, a majority of our outstanding voting stock.
Delaware law and certain charter and bylaw provisions; anti-takeover measures We are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware. In general, the statute prohibits a publicly held Delaware corporation from engaging in a “business combination” with “interested stockholders” for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. A “business combination” includes certain mergers, asset sales and other transactions resulting in a financial benefit to the interested stockholder. Subject to exceptions, an “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with his affiliates and associates, owns, or within three years did own, 15% or more of the corporation’s voting stock. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws provide that:
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the board of directors be divided into three classes, as nearly equal in size as possible, with staggered three-year terms;
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•
directors may be removed only for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of 75% of the then outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote; and
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subject to the rights of any holders of preferred stock, any vacancy on the board of directors, however the vacancy occurs, including a vacancy due to an enlargement of the board, may only be filled by vote a majority of the directors then in office.
The classification of our board of directors and the limitations on removal of directors and filling of vacancies could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, or of discouraging a third party from acquiring us. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws also provide that special meetings of the stockholders may only be called by our board of directors, Chairman, Vice Chairman, Chief Executive Officer or President.
Delaware’s corporation law provides generally that the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote on any matter is required to amend a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, unless a corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws requires a greater percentage. Our certificate of incorporation permits our board of directors to amend or repeal our bylaws. Our bylaws generally can be amended by approval of at least 66 2/3% of the total number of authorized directors subject to certain exceptions, including provisions relating to the size of our board, and certain actions requiring board approval, which provisions will require the vote of 75% of our board of directors to be amended. The affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the shares of our capital stock entitled to vote is required to amend or repeal any of the provisions of our bylaws.
Limitations of liability and indemnification Under our certificate of incorporation, we will fully indemnify any person who was or is involved in any actual or threatened action, suit or proceeding by reason of the fact that such person is or was one of our directors or officers. So long as we are regulated under the 1940 Act, the above indemnification and limitation of liability is limited by the 1940 Act or by any valid rule, regulation or order of the SEC thereunder. The 1940 Act provides, among other things, that a company may not indemnify any director or officer against liability to it or its security holders to which he or she might otherwise be subject by reason of his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office unless a determination is made by final decision of a court, by vote of a majority of a quorum of directors who are disinterested, non-party directors or by independent legal counsel that the liability for which indemnification is sought did not arise out of the foregoing conduct.
Delaware law also provides that indemnification permitted under the law shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the directors and officers may be entitled under the corporation’s bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or otherwise.
We have obtained liability insurance for our officers and directors.
Anti-takeover provisions Our certificate of incorporation includes provisions that could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities or persons to acquire control of us or to change the composition of our board of directors. This could have the effect of depriving stockholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a third party from seeking to obtain control over us. Such attempts could have the effect of increasing our expenses and disrupting our normal operation. One of these provisions is that our board of directors will be divided into three classes, with the term of one class expiring at each annual meeting of stockholders. At each annual meeting, one class of directors is elected to a three-year term. This provision could delay for up to two years the replacement of a majority of the board of directors. A director may be removed from office by a vote of the holders of at least 75% of the shares then entitled to vote for the election of the respective director.
In addition, our certificate of incorporation requires the favorable vote of a majority of our board of directors followed by the favorable vote of the holders of at least 75% of our outstanding shares of each affected class or series, voting
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separately as a class or series, to approve, adopt or authorize certain transactions with 5% or greater holders of a class or series of shares and their associates, unless the transaction has been approved by at least 80% of our directors, in which case “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” (as defined in the 1940 Act) will be required. For purposes of these provisions, a 5% or greater holder of a class or series of shares, or a principal stockholder, refers to any person who, whether directly or indirectly and whether alone or together with its affiliates and associates, beneficially owns 5% or more of the outstanding shares of our voting securities.
The 5% holder transactions subject to these special approval requirements are: the merger or consolidation of us or any subsidiary of ours with or into any principal stockholder; the issuance of any of our securities to any principal stockholder for cash, except pursuant to any automatic dividend reinvestment plan or rights offering in which the holder does not increase its percentage of voting securities; the sale, lease or exchange of all or any substantial part of our assets to any principal stockholder, except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than 5% of our total assets, aggregating for the purpose of such computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a twelve-month period; or the sale, lease or exchange to us or any subsidiary of ours, in exchange for our securities, of any assets of any principal stockholder, except assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than 5% of our total assets, aggregating for purposes of such computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a twelve-month period.
To convert us to an open-end investment company, to merge or consolidate us with any entity or sell all or substantially all of our assets to any entity in a transaction as a result of which the governing documents of the surviving entity do not contain substantially the same antitakeover provisions as are provided in our certificate of incorporation, to liquidate and dissolve us other than in connection with a qualifying merger, consolidation or sale of assets or to amend any of the provisions discussed herein, our certificate of incorporation requires the favorable vote of a majority of our board of directors followed by the favorable vote of the holders of at least 75% of our outstanding shares of each affected class or series of our shares, voting separately as a class or series, unless such amendment has been approved by at least 80% of our directors, in which case “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” (as defined in the 1940 Act) shall be required. If approved in the foregoing manner, our conversion to an open-end investment company could not occur until 90 days after the stockholders meeting at which such conversion was approved and would also require at least 30 days prior notice to all stockholders. As part of any such conversion to an open-end investment company, substantially all of our investment policies and strategies and portfolio would have to be modified to assure the degree of portfolio liquidity required for open-end investment companies. In the event of conversion, the common shares would cease to be listed on any national securities exchange or market system. Stockholders of an open-end investment company may require the company to redeem their shares at any time, except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under the 1940 Act, at their net asset value, less such redemption charge, if any, as might be in effect at the time of a redemption. You should assume that it is not likely that our board of directors would vote to convert us to an open-end fund.
The 1940 Act defines “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” as the lesser of a majority of the outstanding shares and 67% of a quorum of a majority of the outstanding shares. For the purposes of calculating “a majority of the outstanding voting securities” under our certificate of incorporation, each class and series of our shares will vote together as a single class, except to the extent required by the 1940 Act or our certificate of incorporation, with respect to any class or series of shares. If a separate class vote is required, the applicable proportion of shares of the class or series, voting as a separate class or series, also will be required.
Our board of directors has determined that provisions with respect to the board of directors and the stockholder voting requirements described above, which voting requirements are greater than the minimum requirements under Delaware law or the 1940 Act, are in the best interest of stockholders generally. Reference should be made to our certificate of incorporation on file with the SEC for the full text of these provisions.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Upon completion of this offering, shares of our common stock will be outstanding, assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. Of these shares, shares of our common stock sold in this offering will be freely tradeable without restriction or limitation under the Securities Act, less that number of shares purchased by our affiliates. Any shares purchased in this offering by our affiliates will be subject to the public information, manner of sale and volume limitations of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933.
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, if six months has elapsed since the date of acquisition of restricted securities from us or any of our affiliates, the holder of such restricted securities can sell such securities; provided that the number of securities sold by such person within any three month period cannot exceed the greater of:
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1% of the total number of securities then outstanding; or
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the average weekly trading volume of our securities during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which notice of the sale is filed with the SEC.
Sales under Rule 144 also are subject to certain manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us. If one year has elapsed since the date of acquisition of restricted securities from us or any of our affiliates and the holder is not one of our affiliates at any time during the three months preceding the proposed sale, such person can sell such securities in the public market under Rule 144 without regard to the volume limitations, manner of sale provisions, public information requirements or notice requirements. No assurance can be given as to (1) the likelihood that an active market for our common stock will develop, (2) the liquidity of any such market, (3) the ability of our stockholders to sell our securities or (4) the prices that stockholders may obtain for any of our securities. No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that future sales of securities, or the availability of securities for future sales, will have on the market price prevailing from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of our securities, or the perception that such sales could occur, may affect adversely prevailing market prices of our common stock. See “Risks—Risks related to this offering.”
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REGULATION
We intend to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act contains prohibitions and restrictions relating to transactions between BDCs and their affiliates (including any investment advisors or sub-advisors), principal underwriters and affiliates of those affiliates or underwriters and requires that a majority of the directors be persons other than “interested persons,” as that term is defined in the 1940 Act. In addition, the 1940 Act provides that we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or to withdraw our election as, a BDC unless approved by “a majority of our outstanding voting securities” as defined in the 1940 Act.
We may invest up to 100% of our assets in securities acquired directly from issuers in privately negotiated transactions. With respect to such securities, we may, for the purpose of public resale, be deemed an “underwriter” as that term is defined in the Securities Act of 1933, or the Securities Act. We do not intend to acquire securities issued by any investment company that exceed the limits imposed by the 1940 Act. Under these limits, except for registered money market funds we generally cannot acquire more than 3% of the voting stock of any investment company, invest more than 5% of the value of our total assets in the securities of one investment company or invest more than 10% of the value of our total assets in the securities of more than one investment company. With regard to that portion of our portfolio invested in securities issued by investment companies, it should be noted that such investments might subject our stockholders to additional expenses. None of our investment policies are fundamental and any may be changed without stockholder approval.
Qualifying assets Under the 1940 Act, a BDC may not acquire any asset other than assets of the type listed in section 55(a) of the 1940 Act, which are referred to as qualifying assets, unless, at the time the acquisition is made, qualifying assets represent at least 70% of the company’s total assets. The principal categories of qualifying assets relevant to our proposed business are the following:
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Securities purchased in transactions not involving any public offering from the issuer of such securities, which issuer (subject to certain limited exceptions) is an eligible portfolio company, or from any person who is, or has been during the preceding 13 months, an affiliated person of an eligible portfolio company, or from any other person, subject to such rules as may be prescribed by the SEC. An eligible portfolio company is defined in the 1940 Act as any issuer which:
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is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of business in, the United States;
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is not an investment company (other than a small business investment company wholly owned by the BDC) or a company that would be an investment company but for certain exclusions under the 1940 Act; and
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satisfies either of the following:
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has a market capitalization of less than $250 million or does not have any class of securities listed on a national securities exchange; or
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is controlled by a BDC or a group of companies including a BDC, the BDC actually exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of the eligible portfolio company, and, as a result thereof, the BDC has an affiliated person who is a director of the eligible portfolio company.
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Securities of any eligible portfolio company which we control.
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Securities purchased in a private transaction from a U.S. issuer that is not an investment company or from an affiliated person of the issuer, or in transactions incident thereto, if the issuer is in bankruptcy and subject to reorganization or if the issuer, immediately prior to the purchase of its securities was unable to meet its
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obligations as they came due without material assistance other than conventional lending or financing arrangements.
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Securities of an eligible portfolio company purchased from any person in a private transaction if there is no ready market for such securities and we already own 60% of the outstanding equity of the eligible portfolio company.
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Securities received in exchange for or distributed on or with respect to securities described above, or pursuant to the exercise of warrants or rights relating to such securities.
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Cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment.
Managerial assistance to portfolio companies A BDC must have been organized and have its principal place of business in the United States and must be operated for the purpose of making investments in the types of securities described in “Regulation—Qualifying assets” above. However, in order to count portfolio securities as qualifying assets for the purpose of the 70% test, the BDC must either control the issuer of the securities or must offer to make available to the issuer of the securities (other than small and solvent companies described above) significant managerial assistance. Where the BDC purchases such securities in conjunction with one or more other persons acting together, the BDC will satisfy this test if one of the other persons in the group makes available such managerial assistance. Making available managerial assistance means, among other things, any arrangement whereby the BDC, through its directors, officers or employees, offers to provide, and, if accepted, does so provide, significant guidance and counsel concerning the management, operations or business objectives and policies of a portfolio company.
Temporary investments Pending investment in other types of “qualifying assets,” as described above, our investments may consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment, which we refer to, collectively, as temporary investments, so that 70% of our assets are qualifying assets. Typically, we will invest in highly rated commercial paper, U.S. Government agency notes, U.S. Treasury bills or in repurchase agreements relating to such securities that are fully collateralized by cash or securities issued by the U.S. Government or its agencies. A repurchase agreement involves the purchase by an investor, such as us, of a specified security and the simultaneous agreement by the seller to repurchase it at an agreed-upon future date and at a price which is greater than the purchase price by an amount that reflects an agreed-upon interest rate. There is no percentage restriction on the proportion of our assets that may be invested in such repurchase agreements. However, the 1940 Act and certain diversification tests in order to qualify as a RIC for federal income tax purposes will typically require us to limit the amount we invest with any one counterparty. Our investment advisor will monitor the creditworthiness of the counterparties with which we enter into repurchase agreement transactions.
Senior securities We are permitted, under specified conditions, to issue multiple classes of indebtedness and one class of stock senior to our common stock if our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, is at least equal to 200% immediately after each such issuance. In addition, while any preferred stock or publicly traded debt securities are outstanding, we must make provisions to prohibit any distribution to our stockholders or the repurchase of such securities or shares unless we meet the applicable asset coverage ratios at the time of the distribution or repurchase. We may also borrow amounts up to 5% of the value of our total assets for temporary or emergency purposes without regard to asset coverage. For a discussion of the risks associated with leverage, see “Risks—Risks related to our operations as a BDC.”
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Code of ethics We and THL Credit Advisors have each adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that establishes procedures for personal investments and restricts certain personal securities transactions. Personnel subject to each code may invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by us, so long as such investments are made in accordance with the code’s requirements. You may read and copy the code of ethics at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. In addition, the code of ethics is attached as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and is available on the IDEA Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. You may also obtain copies of the code of ethics, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address:
[email protected], or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.
Proxy voting policies and procedures We have delegated our proxy voting responsibility to THL Credit Advisors. The Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures of THL Credit Advisors are set forth below. The guidelines are reviewed periodically by THL Credit Advisors and our independent directors, and, accordingly, are subject to change.
Introduction THL Credit Advisors intends to register with the SEC as an investment advisor under the Advisers Act. As an investment advisor registered under the Advisers Act, THL Credit Advisors will have fiduciary duties to us. As part of this duty, THL Credit Advisors recognizes that it must vote client securities in a timely manner free of conflicts of interest and in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders. THL Credit Advisors’ Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures have been formulated to ensure decision-making consistent with these fiduciary duties.
These policies and procedures for voting proxies for our investment advisory clients are intended to comply with Section 206 of, and Rule 206(4)-6 under, the Advisers Act.
Proxy policies THL Credit Advisors evaluates routine proxy matters, such as proxy proposals, amendments or resolutions on a case-by-case basis. Routine matters are typically proposed by management and THL Credit Advisors will normally support such matters so long as they do not measurably change the structure, management control, or operation of the corporation and are consistent with industry standards as well as the corporate laws of the state of incorporation.
THL Credit Advisors also evaluates non-routine matters on a case-by-case basis. Non-routine proposals concerning social issues are typically proposed by stockholders who believe that the corporation’s internally adopted policies are ill-advised or misguided. If THL Credit Advisors has determined that management is generally socially responsible, THL Credit Advisors will generally vote against these types of nonroutine proposals. Non-routine proposals concerning financial or corporate issues are usually offered by management and seek to change a corporation’s legal, business or financial structure. THL Credit Advisors will generally vote in favor of such proposals provided the position of current stockholders is preserved or enhanced. Non-routine proposals concerning stockholder rights are made regularly by both management and stockholders. They can be generalized as involving issues that transfer or realign board or stockholder voting power. THL Credit Advisors typically would oppose any proposal aimed solely at thwarting potential takeovers by requiring, for example, super-majority approval. At the same time, THL Credit Advisors believes stability and continuity promote profitability. THL Credit Advisors’ guidelines in this area seek a middle road and individual proposals will be carefully assessed in the context of their particular circumstances.
THL Credit Advisors has engaged a third-party service provider to assist it in the voting of proxies. This third-party service provider makes recommendations to THL Credit Advisors, based on its guidelines, as to how our votes should be cast. These recommendations are then reviewed by THL Credit Advisors’ employees, one of whom must approve the proxy vote in writing and return such written approval to the Administrator’s operations group. If a vote may involve a material conflict of interest, prior to approving such vote, THL Credit Advisors must consult with its chief compliance officer to determine whether the potential
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conflict is material and if so, the appropriate method to resolve such conflict. If the conflict is determined not to be material, THL Credit Advisors’ employees shall vote the proxy in accordance with THL Credit Advisors’ proxy voting policy.
Proxy voting records You may obtain information about how we voted proxies by making a written request for proxy voting information to:
Chief Compliance Officer THL Credit, Inc. 100 Federal Street, 31st Floor Boston, MA 02110 Other We are not generally able to issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. We may, however, issue and sell our common stock, at a price below the current net asset value of the common stock, or issue and sell warrants, options or rights to acquire such common stock, at a price below the current net asset value of the common stock if our board of directors determines that such sale is in our best interest and in the best interests of our stockholders, and our stockholders have approved our policy and practice of making such sales within the preceding 12 months. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price which, in the determination of our board of directors, closely approximates the market value of such securities.
We may also be prohibited under the 1940 Act from knowingly participating in certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our board of directors who are not interested persons and, in some cases, prior approval by the SEC.
We expect to be periodically examined by the SEC for compliance with the 1940 Act.
We are required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect us against larceny and embezzlement. Furthermore, as a BDC, we are prohibited from protecting any director or officer against any liability to us or our stockholders arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.
We and THL Credit Advisors are adopting and implementing written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws, and will review these policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation. We and THL Credit Advisors have designated an interim chief compliance officer to be responsible for administering the policies and procedures.
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BROKERAGE ALLOCATIONS AND OTHER PRACTICES
Since we will generally acquire and dispose of our investments in privately negotiated transactions, we will infrequently use brokers in the normal course of our business. Subject to policies established by our board of directors, THL Credit Advisors will be primarily responsible for the execution of the publicly traded securities portion of our portfolio transactions and the allocation of brokerage commissions. THL Credit Advisors does not expect to execute transactions through any particular broker or dealer, but will seek to obtain the best net results for us, taking into account such factors as price (including the applicable brokerage commission or dealer spread), size of order, difficulty of execution, and operational facilities of the firm and the firm’s risk and skill in positioning blocks of securities. While THL Credit Advisors generally will seek reasonably competitive trade execution costs, we will not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available. Subject to applicable legal requirements, THL Credit Advisors may select a broker based partly upon brokerage or research services provided to it and us and any other clients. In return for such services, we may pay a higher commission than other brokers would charge if THL Credit Advisors determines in good faith that such commission is reasonable in relation to the services provided.
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TAX MATTERS
The following is a general discussion of the provisions of the Code and the Treasury regulations in effect as they directly govern our taxation and our stockholders. These provisions are subject to differing interpretations and change by legislative or administrative action, and any change may be retroactive. The discussion does not purport to deal with all of the U.S. federal income tax consequences applicable to us, or which may be important to particular stockholders in light of their individual investment circumstances or to some types of stockholders subject to special tax rules, such as financial institutions, broker-dealers, insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations, partnerships or other pass-through entities, persons holding our common shares in connection with a hedging, straddle, conversion or other integrated transaction, persons engaged in a trade or business in the United States or persons who have ceased to be U.S. citizens or to be taxed as resident aliens. This discussion assumes that the stockholders hold their common shares as capital assets for U.S. federal income tax purposes (generally, assets held for investment). No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of all U.S. federal income tax aspects affecting us and our stockholders, and the discussion set forth herein does not constitute tax advice. No ruling has been or will be sought from the Internal Revenue Service, which we refer to as the IRS, regarding any matter discussed herein. Tax counsel has not rendered any legal opinion regarding any tax consequences relating to us or our stockholders. Stockholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers to determine the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences to them of investing in our shares.
Taxation of the company We intend to elect and to qualify to be taxed as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. To continue to qualify as a RIC, we must, among other things, (a) derive in each taxable year at least 90 percent of our gross income from dividends, interest (including tax-exempt interest), payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, other income (including but not limited to gain from options, futures and forward contracts) derived with respect to our business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, or net income derived from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (a “QPTP”); and (b) diversify our holdings so that, at the end of each quarter of each taxable year (i) at least 50 percent of the market value of our total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities, with other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than five percent of the value of our total assets and not more than 10 percent of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer (subject to the exception described below), and (ii) not more than 25 percent of the market value of our total assets is invested in the securities of any issuer (other than U.S. Government securities and the securities of other regulated investment companies), the securities of any two or more issuers that we control and that are determined to be engaged in the same business or similar or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more QPTPs. We may generate certain income that might not qualify as good income for purposes of the 90% annual gross income requirement described above. We will monitor our transactions to endeavor to prevent disqualification of us as a RIC.
In the case of a RIC that furnishes capital to development corporations, there is an exception to the rule relating to the diversification of investments described above. This exception is available only to registered investment companies which the SEC determines to be principally engaged in the furnishing of capital to other corporations which are principally engaged in the development or exploitation of inventions, technological improvements, new processes, or products not previously generally available (“SEC Certification”). We have not sought SEC Certification, but it is possible that we will seek SEC Certification in future years. If we receive SEC Certification, we generally will be entitled to include, in the computation of the 50 percent value of our assets (described in (b)(i) above), the value of any securities of an issuer, whether or not we own more than 10 percent of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer, if the basis of the securities, when added to our basis of any other securities of the issuer that we own, does not exceed five percent of the value of our total assets.
As a RIC, in any fiscal year with respect to which we distribute at least 90 percent of the sum of our (i) investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net realized short-term capital gains over net realized longterm capital losses and other taxable income (other than any net capital gain), reduced by deductible expenses) determined without regard to the deduction for dividends and distributions paid and (ii) net tax exempt interest income (which is the excess of our gross tax exempt interest income over certain disallowed deductions) (the “Annual Distribution Requirement”), we (but not our stockholders) generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on investment company taxable income and net capital gains that we distribute to our stockholders. We intend to distribute annually all or substantially all of such income. To the extent that we retain our net capital gains for investment or any investment company taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax. We may choose to retain our net
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capital gains for investment or any investment company taxable income, and pay the associated federal corporate income tax, including the federal excise tax described below.
Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement are subject to a nondeductible four percent U.S. federal excise tax payable by us. To avoid this tax, we must distribute (or be deemed to have distributed) during each calendar year an amount equal to the sum of:
(1) at least 98 percent of our ordinary income (not taking into account any capital gains or losses) for the calendar year;
(2) at least 98 percent of the amount by which our capital gains exceed our capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for a oneyear period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year (unless an election is made by us to use our taxable year); and
(3) certain undistributed amounts from previous years on which we paid no U.S. federal income tax.
While we intend to distribute any income and capital gains in the manner necessary to minimize imposition of the four percent federal excise tax, sufficient amounts of our taxable income and capital gains may not be distributed to avoid entirely the imposition of the tax. In that event, we will be liable for the tax only on the amount by which we do not meet the foregoing distribution requirement.
If, in any particular taxable year, we do not satisfy the Annual Distribution Requirement or otherwise were to fail to qualify as a RIC (for example, because we fail the 90% annual gross income requirement described above), all of our taxable income (including our net capital gains) will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to stockholders, and distributions generally will be taxable to the stockholders as ordinary dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
We may decide to be taxed as a regular corporation even if we would otherwise qualify as a RIC if we determine that treatment as a corporation for a particular year would be in our best interests.
Company investments Certain of our investment practices are subject to special and complex U.S. federal income tax provisions that may, among other things, (i) disallow, suspend or otherwise limit the allowance of certain losses or deductions, including the dividends received deduction, (ii) convert lower taxed long-term capital gains and qualified dividend income into higher taxed short-term capital gains or ordinary income, (iii) convert ordinary loss or a deduction into capital loss (the deductibility of which is more limited), (iv) cause us to recognize income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash, (v) adversely affect the time as to when a purchase or sale of stock or securities is deemed to occur, (vi) adversely alter the characterization of certain complex financial transactions and (vii) produce income that will not qualify as good income for purposes of the 90% annual gross income requirement described above. We will monitor our transactions and may make certain tax elections and may be required to borrow money or dispose of securities to mitigate the effect of these rules and prevent disqualification of us as a RIC.
Investments we make in securities issued at a discount or providing for deferred interest or payment of interest in kind are subject to special tax rules that will affect the amount, timing and character of distributions to stockholders. For example, with respect to securities issued at a discount, we will generally be required to accrue daily as income a portion of the discount and to distribute such income each year to maintain our qualification as a RIC and to avoid U.S. federal income and excise taxes. Since in certain circumstances we may recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income, we may have difficulty making distributions in the amounts necessary to satisfy the requirements for maintaining RIC status and for avoiding U.S. federal income and excise taxes. Accordingly, we may have to sell some of our investments at times we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or reduce new investment originations to
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meet these distribution requirements. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify as a RIC and thereby be subject to corporate-level income tax.
In the event we invest in foreign securities, we may be subject to withholding and other foreign taxes with respect to those securities. We do not expect to satisfy the requirement to pass through to our stockholders their share of the foreign taxes paid by us.
Taxation of U.S. stockholders For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. stockholder” (or in this section, a “stockholder”) is a holder or a beneficial holder of shares which is for U.S. federal income tax purposes (1) a person who is a citizen or resident of the U.S., (2) a domestic corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes), (3) an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source, or (4) a trust if (a) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more U.S. persons are authorized to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (b) the trust has in effect a valid election to be treated as a domestic trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for U.S. tax purposes holds the shares, the tax treatment of the partnership and each partner generally will depend on the activities of the partnership and the activities of the partner. Partnerships acquiring shares, and partners in such partnerships, should consult their own tax advisors. Prospective investors that are not U.S. stockholders should refer to “Non-U.S. Stockholders” below and are urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of an investment in our shares, including the potential application of U.S. withholding taxes.
Distributions we pay to you from our ordinary income or from an excess of net realized short-term capital gains over net realized long-term capital losses (together referred to hereinafter as “ordinary income dividends”) are generally taxable to you as ordinary income to the extent of our earnings and profits. Due to our expected investments, in general, distributions will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction allowed to corporate stockholders and will not qualify for the reduced rates of tax for qualified dividend income allowed to individuals. Distributions made to you from an excess of net realized long-term capital gains over net realized short-term capital losses (“capital gain dividends”), including capital gain dividends credited to you but retained by us, are taxable to you as long-term capital gains if they have been properly designated by us, regardless of the length of time you have owned our shares. Distributions in excess of our earnings and profits will first reduce the adjusted tax basis of your shares and, after the adjusted tax basis is reduced to zero, will constitute capital gains to you (assuming the shares are held as a capital asset). The maximum U.S. federal tax rate on long-term capital gains of individuals is generally 15% (5% for individuals in lower brackets) for such gains realized in taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010. For non-corporate taxpayers, ordinary income dividends will currently be taxed at a maximum rate of 35 percent, while capital gain dividends generally will be currently taxed at a maximum U.S. federal income tax rate of 15 percent. For corporate taxpayers, both ordinary income dividends and capital gain dividends are currently taxed at a maximum U.S. federal income tax rate of 35 percent. Generally, you will be provided with a written notice designating the amount of any (i) ordinary income dividends no later than 30 days after the close of the taxable year, and (ii) capital gain dividends or other distributions no later than 60 days after the close of the taxable year.
In the event that we retain any net capital gains, we may designate the retained amounts as undistributed capital gains in a notice to our stockholders. If a designation is made, stockholders would include in income, as long-term capital gains, their proportionate share of the undistributed amounts, but would be allowed a credit or refund, as the case may be, for their proportionate share of the corporate tax paid by us. In addition, the tax basis of shares owned by a stockholder would be increased by an amount equal to the difference between (i) the amount included in the stockholder’s income as long-term capital gains and (ii) the stockholder’s proportionate share of the corporate tax paid by us.
Dividends and other taxable distributions are taxable to you even though they are reinvested in additional shares of our common stock. If we pay you a dividend in January which was declared in the previous October, November or December to stockholders of record on a specified date in one of these months, then the dividend will be treated for tax purposes as being paid by us and received by you on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared.
A stockholder will realize gain or loss on the sale or exchange of our common shares in an amount equal to the difference between the stockholder’s adjusted basis in the shares sold or exchanged and the amount realized on their
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disposition. Generally, gain recognized by a stockholder on the sale or other disposition of our common shares will result in capital gain or loss to you, and will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year at the time of sale. Any loss upon the sale or exchange of our shares held for six months or less will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gain dividends received (including amounts credited as an undistributed capital gain dividend) by you. A loss realized on a sale or exchange of our shares will be disallowed if other substantially identical shares are acquired (whether through the automatic reinvestment of dividends or otherwise) within a 61-day period beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the date that the shares are disposed of. In this case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. Present law taxes both long-term and short-term capital gains of corporations at the rates applicable to ordinary income.
Stockholders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the U.S. federal income tax and withholding tax, and state, local and foreign tax consequences of an investment in our shares.
Backup Withholding. We are required in certain circumstances to backup withhold on taxable dividends or distributions and certain other payments paid to non-corporate holders of our shares who do not furnish us with their correct taxpayer identification number (in the case of individuals, their social security number) and certain certifications, or who are otherwise subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld from payments made to you may be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
Taxation of non-U.S. stockholders The following discussion only applies to non-U.S. stockholders. A “non-U.S. stockholder” is a holder that is not a U.S. stockholder for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Whether an investment in the shares is appropriate for a non-U.S. stockholder will depend upon that person’s particular circumstances. An investment in the shares by a non-U.S. stockholder may have adverse tax consequences. Non-U.S. stockholders should consult their tax advisers before investing in our shares.
Distributions of ordinary income dividends to non-U.S. stockholders, subject to the discussion below, will generally be subject to withholding of federal tax at a 30% rate (or lower rate provided by an applicable treaty) to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Different tax consequences may result if the non-U.S. stockholder is engaged in a trade or business in the United States or, in the case of an individual, is present in the United States for 183 days or more during a taxable year and certain other conditions are met. However, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2010, certain “interest-related dividends” and “short-term capital gain dividends” paid by us to certain non-U.S. stockholders are eligible for an exemption from the 30% federal withholding tax provided that certain requirements are satisfied and that we elect to follow certain procedures. It is uncertain whether we will follow those procedures. Interest-related dividends generally are dividends derived from certain interest income earned by us that would not be subject to such tax if earned by non-U.S. stockholders directly. Short-term capital gain dividends generally are dividends derived from the excess of our net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses. Special certification requirements apply to a non-U.S. stockholder that is a foreign partnership or a foreign trust, and such entities are urged to consult their own tax advisors.
Actual or deemed distributions of our net capital gains to a non-U.S. stockholder, and gains recognized by a non-U.S. stockholder upon the sale of our common stock, generally will not be subject to federal withholding tax and will not be subject to federal income tax unless the distributions or gains, as the case may be, are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. stockholder or, in the case of an individual, is present in the United States for 183 days or more during a taxable year.
If we distribute our net capital gains in the form of deemed rather than actual distributions (which we may do in the future), a non-U.S. stockholder will be entitled to a federal income tax credit or tax refund equal to the stockholder’s allocable share of the tax we pay on the capital gains deemed to have been distributed. In order to obtain the refund, the non-U.S. stockholder must obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number and file a federal income tax return even if the non-U.S. stockholder is not otherwise required to obtain a U.S. taxpayer identification number or file a federal income tax return. For a corporate non-U.S. stockholder, distributions (both actual and deemed), and gains realized upon the sale of our common stock that are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business may, under certain circumstances, be subject to an
65
additional “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate (or at a lower rate if provided for by an applicable tax treaty). Accordingly, investment in the shares may not be appropriate for certain non-U.S. stockholders.
Backup Withholding. A non-U.S. stockholder who is a non-resident alien individual, and who is otherwise subject to withholding of federal income tax, may be subject to information reporting and backup withholding of federal income tax on dividends unless the non-U.S. stockholder provides us or the dividend paying agent with an IRS Form W-8BEN (or an acceptable substitute form) or otherwise meets documentary evidence requirements for establishing that it is a non-U.S. stockholder or otherwise establishes an exemption from backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld from payments made to you may be refunded or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS.
Non-U.S. persons should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the U.S. federal income tax and withholding tax, and state, local and foreign tax consequences of an investment in our shares.
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UNDERWRITING
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. are acting as representatives of each of the underwriters named below and joint book-running managers for this offering. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in a purchase agreement among us, our investment advisor and the underwriters, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and each of the underwriters has agreed, severally and not jointly, to purchase from us, the number of shares of common stock set forth opposite its name below. Number of Shares
Underwriter Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated Citigroup Global Markets Inc. Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. Total
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the purchase agreement, the underwriters have agreed, severally and not jointly, to purchase all of the shares sold under the purchase agreement if any of these shares are purchased. If an underwriter defaults, the purchase agreement provides that the purchase commitments of the nondefaulting underwriters may be increased or the purchase agreement may be terminated.
We and our investment advisor have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
The underwriters are offering the shares, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to approval of legal matters by their counsel, including the validity of the shares, and other conditions contained in the purchase agreement, such as the receipt by the underwriters of officers’ certificates and legal opinions. The underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part.
Commissions and Discounts The representatives have advised us that the underwriters propose initially to offer the shares to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $ per share. The underwriters may allow, and the dealers may reallow, a discount not in excess of $ per share to other dealers. After the initial offering, the public offering price, concession or any other term of the offering may be changed.
The following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds before expenses to us. The information assumes either no exercise or full exercise by the underwriters of their overallotment option. Per Share
Without Option
With Option
Public offering price Underwriting discount Proceeds, before expenses, to THL Credit, Inc. The expenses of the offering, not including the underwriting discount, are estimated at $
and are payable by us.
Overallotment Option We have granted an option to the underwriters to purchase up to additional shares at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount. The underwriters may exercise this option for 30 days from the date of this prospectus solely to cover any overallotments. If the underwriters exercise this option, each will be obligated, subject to conditions contained in the purchase agreement, to purchase a number of additional shares proportionate to that underwriter’s initial amount reflected in the above table.
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Reserved Shares We are concurrently offering shares of our common stock at the initial public offering price directly to some of our employees and to investors in THL Credit Opportunities, L.P. pursuant to this prospectus. These shares are included in the shares being sold pursuant to this prospectus. Since these shares are being sold directly by us and not through the underwriters, no underwriting discount or commission will be paid to the underwriters for these shares.
No Sales of Similar Securities We, our executive officers and directors and our other existing security holders have agreed not to sell or transfer any common stock or securities convertible into, exchangeable for, exercisable for, or repayable with common stock, for 180 days after the date of this prospectus without first obtaining the written consent of the representatives. Specifically, we and these other persons have agreed, with certain limited exceptions, not to directly or indirectly ·
offer, lend, pledge, sell or contract to sell any common stock,
·
sell any option or contract to purchase any common stock,
·
purchase any option or contract to sell any common stock,
·
grant any option, right or warrant for the sale of any common stock,
·
otherwise dispose of or transfer any common stock,
·
request or demand that we file, or file or cause to be filed, any registration statement related to the common stock, or
·
enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, the economic consequence of ownership of any common stock, whether any such swap or transaction is to be settled by delivery of shares or other securities, in cash or otherwise.
This lock-up provision applies to common stock and to securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for or repayable with common stock. It also applies to common stock owned now or acquired later by the person executing the agreement or for which the person executing the agreement later acquires the power of disposition. In the event that either (x) during the last 17 days of lock-up period referred to above, we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to the Company occurs or (y) prior to the expiration of the lock-up period, we announce that we will release earnings results or become aware that material news or a material event will occur during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the lock-up period, the restrictions described above shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.
Nasdaq Global Select Market Listing We expect the shares to be approved for listing on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, subject to notice of issuance, under the symbol “TCRD.”
Before this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The initial public offering price will be determined through negotiations between us and the representatives. In addition to prevailing market conditions, the factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price include the following: ·
the valuation multiples of publicly traded companies that the representatives believe to be comparable to us,
·
our financial information,
·
the history of, and the prospects for, our company and the industry in which we compete,
·
an assessment of our management, its past and present operations, and the prospects for, and timing of, our future revenues,
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·
the present state of our development, and
·
the above factors in relation to market values and various valuation measures of other companies engaged in activities similar to ours.
An active trading market for the shares may not develop. It is also possible that after the offering the shares will not trade in the public market at or above the initial public offering price.
The underwriters do not expect to sell more than 5% of the shares in the aggregate to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority.
Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids Until the distribution of the shares is completed, SEC rules may limit underwriters and selling group members from bidding for and purchasing our common stock. However, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize the price of the common stock, such as bids or purchases to peg, fix or maintain that price.
In connection with the offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell our common stock in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, purchases on the open market to cover positions created by short sales and stabilizing transactions. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares than they are required to purchase in the offering. “Covered” short sales are sales made in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares in the offering. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their overallotment option or purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source of shares to close out the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through the overallotment option. “Naked” short sales are sales in excess of the overallotment option. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of our common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of various bids for or purchases of shares of common stock made by the underwriters in the open market prior to the completion of the offering.
The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular underwriter repays to the underwriters a portion of the underwriting discount received by it because the representatives have repurchased shares sold by or for the account of such underwriter in stabilizing or short covering transactions.
Similar to other purchase transactions, the underwriters’ purchases to cover the syndicate short sales may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common stock. As a result, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market.
Neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our common stock. In addition, neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation that the representatives will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.
Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution of Shares In connection with the offering, certain of the underwriters or securities dealers may distribute prospectuses by electronic means, such as e-mail. In addition, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated may facilitate Internet distribution for this offering to certain of its Internet subscription customers. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated may allocate a limited number of shares for sale to its online brokerage customers. An electronic prospectus is available on the Internet web site maintained by Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated. Other than
69
the prospectus in electronic format, the information on the Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated web site is not part of this prospectus.
Other Relationships Some of the underwriters and their affiliates have engaged in, and may in the future engage in, investment banking and other commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with us or our affiliates. They have received, or may in the future receive, customary fees and commissions for these transactions.
Affiliates of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. are existing investors in THL Credit Opportunities, L.P., a private fund managed by an affiliate of THL Credit Advisors. Notice to Prospective Investors in the EEA In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a “Relevant Member State”) an offer to the public of any shares which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this prospectus may not be made in that Relevant Member State, except that an offer to the public in that Relevant Member State of any shares may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive, if they have been implemented in that Relevant Member State:
(a)
to legal entities which are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;
(b)
to any legal entity which has two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than €43,000,000 and (3) an annual net turnover of more than €50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts;
(c)
by the underwriters to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than “qualified investors” as defined in the Prospectus Directive) subject to obtaining the prior consent of the representatives for any such offer; or
(d)
in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive;
provided that no such offer of shares shall result in a requirement for the publication by us or any representative of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.
Any person making or intending to make any offer of shares within the EEA should only do so in circumstances in which no obligation arises for us or any of the underwriters to produce a prospectus for such offer. Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized, nor do they authorize, the making of any offer of shares through any financial intermediary, other than offers made by the underwriters which constitute the final offering of shares contemplated in this prospectus.
For the purposes of this provision, and your representation below, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to any shares in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase any shares, as the same may be varied in that Relevant Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Relevant Member State and the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.
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Each person in a Relevant Member State who receives any communication in respect of, or who acquires any shares under, the offer of shares contemplated by this prospectus will be deemed to have represented, warranted and agreed to and with us and each underwriter that:
(a)
it is a “qualified investor” within the meaning of the law in that Relevant Member State implementing Article 2(1)(e) of the Prospectus Directive; and
(b)
in the case of any shares acquired by it as a financial intermediary, as that term is used in Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, (i) the shares acquired by it in the offering have not been acquired on behalf of, nor have they been acquired with a view to their offer or resale to, persons in any Relevant Member State other than “qualified investors” (as defined in the Prospectus Directive), or in circumstances in which the prior consent of the representatives has been given to the offer or resale; or (ii) where shares have been acquired by it on behalf of persons in any Relevant Member State other than qualified investors, the offer of those shares to it is not treated under the Prospectus Directive as having been made to such persons.
Notice to Prospective Investors in Switzerland This document, as well as any other material relating to the shares which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this prospectus, do not constitute an issue prospectus pursuant to Article 652a of the Swiss Code of Obligations. The shares will not be listed on the SWX Swiss Exchange and, therefore, the documents relating to the shares, including, but not limited to, this document, do not claim to comply with the disclosure standards of the listing rules of SWX Swiss Exchange and corresponding prospectus schemes annexed to the listing rules of the SWX Swiss Exchange. The shares are being offered in Switzerland by way of a private placement, i.e. to a small number of selected investors only, without any public offer and only to investors who do not purchase the shares with the intention to distribute them to the public. The investors will be individually approached by us from time to time. This document, as well as any other material relating to the shares, is personal and confidential and do not constitute an offer to any other person. This document may only be used by those investors to whom it has been handed out in connection with the offering described herein and may neither directly nor indirectly be distributed or made available to other persons without our express consent. It may not be used in connection with any other offer and shall in particular not be copied and/or distributed to the public in (or from) Switzerland.
Notice to Prospective Investors in the Dubai International Financial Centre This document relates to an exempt offer in accordance with the Offered Securities Rules of the Dubai Financial Services Authority. This document is intended for distribution only to persons of a type specified in those rules. It must not be delivered to, or relied on by, any other person. The Dubai Financial Services Authority has no responsibility for reviewing or verifying any documents in connection with exempt offers. The Dubai Financial Services Authority has not approved this document nor taken steps to verify the information set out in it, and has no responsibility for it. The shares which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this prospectus may be illiquid and/or subject to restrictions on their resale. Prospective purchasers of the shares offered should conduct their own due diligence on the shares. If you do not understand the contents of this document you should consult an authorised financial adviser.
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CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT
State Street Bank & Trust Company (“State Street”) provides administrative and accounting services to us under a sub-administration and accounting services agreement. State Street provides custodian services to us pursuant to a custodian services agreement. Also, State Street provides transfer agency and compliance support services to us under a transfer agency agreement and a compliance support services agreement, respectively. For the services provided to us by State Street and its affiliates, State Street is entitled to an annual fee equal to a percentage of our average net assets plus reimbursement of reasonable expenses, and a base fee, payable monthly. The address of State Street Bank and Trust Company is State Street Financial Center, One Lincoln Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with the common shares will be passed upon for us by Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, New York, New York, and for the underwriters by Sidley Austin LLP, New York, New York.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, or PWC, is our independent registered public accounting firm.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed a registration statement with the SEC on Form N-2 ,including amendments, relating to the shares we are offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, including any exhibits and schedules it may contain. For further information concerning us or the shares we are offering, please refer to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of any contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement. Each statement is qualified in all respects by this reference.
Upon the completion of this offering, we will file with or submit to the SEC annual, quarterly and current periodic reports, proxy statements and other information meeting the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. You may inspect and copy these reports, proxy statements and other information, as well as the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part and the related exhibits and schedules, at the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Copies of these reports, proxy and information statements and other information may be obtained, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address:
[email protected], or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549-0102. In addition, the SEC maintains an Internet website that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information filed electronically by us with the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.
PRIVACY PRINCIPLES
We are committed to maintaining the privacy of stockholders and to safeguarding our non-public personal information. The following information is provided to help you understand what personal information we collect, how we protect that information and why, in certain cases, we may share information with select other parties.
Generally, we do not receive any nonpublic personal information relating to our stockholders, although certain nonpublic personal information of our stockholders may become available to us. We do not disclose any nonpublic personal information about our stockholders or former stockholders to anyone, except as permitted by law or as is necessary in order to service stockholder accounts (for example, to a transfer agent or third party administrator).
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We restrict access to nonpublic personal information about our stockholders to our investment advisor’s employees with a legitimate business need for the information. We maintain physical, electronic and procedural safeguards designed to protect the nonpublic personal information of our stockholders.
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Through and including , 2009 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscription.
Shares
THL Credit, Inc. Common Stock
________ PROSPECTUS
________
Merrill Lynch & Co. Citi Deutsche Bank Securities
, 2009
Part C
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 25. Financial statements and exhibits 1.
Financial Statements None
2.
Exhibits
(a)
Certificate of Incorporation(1)
(b)
By-Laws(1)
(d)
Form of Specimen Certificate(1)
(e)
Dividend Reinvestment Plan(1)
(g)
Investment Management Agreement(1)
(h)
Form of Underwriting Agreement(1)
(j)(1)
Custody Agreement(1)
(j)(2)
Form of Foreign Custody Manager Agreement(1)
(k)(1)
Form of Stock Transfer Agency Agreement(1)
(k)(2)
Form of Administration Agreement(1)
(k)(3)
Form of Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement(1)
(l)
Opinion and Consent of Counsel to the Company(1)
(r)(1)
Code of Ethics of the Company(1)
(r)(2)
Code of Ethics of the Advisor(1)
(1)
To be filed by amendment.
Item 26. Marketing arrangements The information contained under the heading “Underwriting” in this Registration Statement is incorporated herein by reference. Reference is also made to the Form of Underwriting Agreement for the Registrant’s shares of common stock to be filed by amendment to this registration statement.
Item 27. Other expenses of issuance and distribution The following table sets forth the estimated expenses to be incurred in connection with the offering described in this registration statement: SEC registration fee
$ 16,740
FINRA filing fee
$ 30,500
NASDAQ Global Select Market listing fee
*
Printing (other than certificates)
*
2
Engraving and printing certificates
*
Accounting fees and expenses
*
Legal fees and expenses
*
Miscellaneous fees and expenses
*
Total
(∗ )
$
To be furnished by amendment.
All of the expenses set forth above shall be borne by the Registrant.
Item 28. Persons controlled by or under common control with the registrant None.
Item 29. Number of holders of shares The following table sets forth the approximate number of record holders of the Company’s common stock as of
Title of Class
, 2009:
Number of Record Holders
Common Stock, $0.001 par value Item 30. Indemnification The information contained under the heading “Description of Shares” is incorporated herein by reference.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions described above, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person in the successful defense of an action suit or proceeding) is asserted by a director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is again public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The Registrant carries liability insurance for the benefit of its directors and officers (other than with respect to claims resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office) on a claims-made basis.
The Registrant has agreed to indemnify the underwriters against specified liabilities for actions taken in their capacities as such, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
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Item 31. Business and other connections of investment advisor A description of any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which THL Credit Advisors, L.P., and each managing director, director or executive officer of THL Credit Advisors, is or has been during the past two fiscal years, engaged in for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee, is set forth in Part A of this Registration Statement in the section entitled “The Advisor.” Additional information regarding THL Credit Advisors and its officers and directors is set forth in its Form ADV, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. ), and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 32. Location of accounts and records The Registrant’s accounts, books and other documents are currently located at the offices of the Registrant, c/o THL Credit Advisors, 100 Federal Street, 31st Floor, Boston, MA 02110, and at the offices of the Registrant’s Custodian and Transfer Agent, State Street.
Item 33. Management services Not Applicable.
Item 34. Undertakings (1) The Registrant hereby undertakes to suspend the offering of its common stock until it amends its prospectus if (a) subsequent to the effective date of its registration statement, the net asset value declines more than 10 percent from its net asset value as of the effective date of the Registration Statement or (b) the net asset value increases to an amount greater than its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus.
(2) Not applicable.
(3) Not applicable.
(4) Not applicable.
(5) (a) For the purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of a registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrant under Rule 497(h) under the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of the Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(b) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(6) Not applicable.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Boston, and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, on the 1st day of June, 2009.
By:
/s/ James K. Hunt Name: James K. Hunt Title: Chief Executive Officer and Director
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities set forth below on June 1, 2009. This document may be executed by the signatories hereto on any number of counterparts, all of which constitute one and the same instrument.
Name
Title Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ James K. Hunt James K. Hunt
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ Terrence W. Olson Terrence W. Olson
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INDEX TO EXHIBITS
(a) (b) (d) (e) (g) (h) (j)(1) (j)(2) (k)(1) (k)(2) (k)(3) (l) (n) (r)(1) (r)(2)
(1)
Certificate of Incorporation(1) By-Laws(1) Form of Specimen Certificate(1) Dividend Reinvestment Plan(1) Investment Management Agreement(1) Form of Underwriting Agreement(1) Custody Agreement(1) Form of Foreign Custody Manager Agreement(1) Form of Stock Transfer Agency Agreement(1) Form of Administration Agreement(1) Form of Sub-Administration and Accounting Services Agreement(1) Opinion and Consent of Counsel to the Company(1) Not applicable Code of Ethics of the Company(1) Code of Ethics of the Advisor(1)
To be filed by amendment.
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