Theories Of Motivation

A PRESENTATION ON THEORIES OF MOTIVATION

What is Motivation ? Taken from the Latin word “movere”…. It is a psychological act which attracts the workers to do more. A process that accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction & persistence of effort in order to attain a goal.

Theories of Motivation - Hierarchy of Needs Theory(Maslow’s Theory) • - Two-Factor Theory(Herzberg’s Theory) • - Theory X and Theory Y(McGregor’s Theory) • - Theory Z(Quchi’s Theory) •

Hierarchy of Needs Theory (Maslow’s Theory)

Abraham Maslow’s “Theory Of

Self actualisation needs (it describes the desire to live up to one’s full potential)

•be enthusiastic and supportive •encourage projects and plans •be positive about the future •promote optimism •teach workers how to learn

Self-esteem needs (it describes the need for self-esteem and the respect of others)

• encourage independence • praise appropriately whenever possible • welcome ideas • treat workers with dignity • celebrate good work by workers

Social Needs (it describe the desire for love, friendship, and companionship)

• show you care • promote interaction between workers • promote a cohesive class climate • use team building exercises

Safety needs (it describes keeping oneself free from harm)

• maintain confidentiality/privacy as necessary • treat workers fairly • observe and chart accurate information • give workers a clear structure to work • follow safety rules when necessary

Physiological needs (it describe the ones required for survival)

• provide adequate breaks • ensure comfort • arrange seats according to need • be alert to heating and ventilation requirements

Two-Factor Theory (Herzberg’s Theory)

Contrasting Views of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction Traditional view Satisfacti on

Dissatisfacti on

Herzberg's viewMotivato Satisfacti on No dissatisfaction

rs Hygiene Factors

No satisfaction Dissatisfacti on

Theory X and Theory Y (McGregor’s Theory)

Theory X and Theory Y (Douglas McGregor)

‘Theory X’ Assumptions of Theory X : 1.Employees dislike work and, whenever possible, will attempt to avoid it; 2.Here employees must be coerced, controlled, or threatened with punishment to achieve goals; 3.Employees will avoid responsibilities and seek formal direction whenever possible; 4.Most workers place security above all other factors associated with work and will display little ambition. Suitability of Theory X : According to this theory, labour is thought to be a part of machine who works according to instructions. He is not given a chance to use his own intellect. This theory presence a pessimistic view.

‘Theory Y’ Assumptions of Theory Y : 1.Employees can view work as being as natural as rest or play; 2.People will exercise self-direction and self-control if they are committed to the objectives; 3.The average person can learn to accept, even seek, responsibility; 4.The ability to make innovative decisions is widely dispersed throughout the population and is not necessarily the sole province of those in management positions. Suitability of Theory Y : According to this theory, employers have also realised that workers are human beings and they should be treated on humanitarian grounds. Although these assumptions are not fully accepted by employers but efforts are being made by govt. and labour unions in this direction.

Theory Z (Quchi’s Theory)

“Theory Z” of William Quchi :

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