Thayer Consultancy ABN # 65 648 097 123
Background Briefing: The Myanmar Issues at the U.S.-ASEAN Summit Carlyle A. Thayer November 18, 2009
[client name withheld] Question: Looking back at the U.S.‐ASEAN Summit from the Burma perspective: what did it achieve, what are the implications of going forward, after Obama's request for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi (notwithstanding the fact the US‐ASEAN statement did not make the same request). Answer: It is significant that the paragraph on Myanmar in the U.S.‐ASEAN joint statement is one of the longest eclipsed by paragraph on non‐proliferation. The U.S. and ASEAN reached common ground and agreed on long‐term goals thus setting the foundation for mutually cooperative efforts. The joint statement did not mention specifics such as the release from detention of Aung San Suu Kyi or U.S. sanctions. Individual members of ASEAN have been quite blunt in remarks to Myanmar held within the context of informal ASEAN retreats. But ASEAN is and will remain divided. Vietnam has declared that the question of Aung San Suu Kyi is an internal matter and that ASEAN should not interfere. Nonetheless the U.S. and ASEAN are now on record as supporting national reconciliation, “free, fair, inclusive and transparent” national elections, and dialogue among all the stakeholders (read National League for Democracy and ethnic minorities). President Obama and his officials have indicated that the United States takes a long‐ term view of change in Burma extending beyond the 2010 elections. It takes two to tango. The U.S. and ASEAN will apply diplomatic and political pressure on the military regime to conduct credible elections. It is now up to the military regime, which indicated a desire for dialogue with the United States, to respond and indicate whether their desire for dialogue is a tactical ploy or a sign of a desire for greater regional integration. At the same time, the NLD and Aung San Suu Kyi must demonstrate some willingness to test the waters rather than rigidly oppose the military regime. And ethnic minorities are not blameless either, some could play the role of spoiler. Finally, whatever eventuates in the long‐term the role and future status of the military must be carefully negotiated.