Text 8. Polynomials

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ALGEBRA PROJECT UNIT 8 POLYNOMIALS

POLYNOMIALS

Lesson 1

Multiplying Monomials

Lesson 2

Dividing Monomials

Lesson 3

Scientific Notation

Lesson 4

Polynomials

Lesson 5

Adding and Subtracting Polynomials

Lesson 6

Multiplying Polynomials by a Monomial

Lesson 7

Multiplying Polynomials

Lesson 8

Special Products

MULTIPLY MONOMIALS

Example 1

Identify Monomials

Example 2

Product of Powers

Example 3

Power of a Power

Example 4

Power of a Product

Example 5

Simplify Expressions

Determine whether each expression is a monomial. Explain your reasoning. Expression

Monomial?

a.

no

b.

yes

c.

yes

Reason The expression involves subtraction, not the product, of two variables. The expression is the product of a number and two variables. is a real number and an example of a constant.

d.

xy

yes

The expression is the product of two variables.

Determine whether each expression is a monomial. Explain your reasoning. Expression

Monomial?

Reason

yes

Single variables are monomials.

b.

no

The expression involves subtraction, not the product, of two variables.

c.

no

The expression is the quotient, not the product, of two variables.

a.

The expression is the product of a d.

yes

number,

, and two variables.

Simplify

. Commutative and Associative Properties Product of Powers

Answer:

Simplify.

Simplify

. Communicative and Associative Properties Product of Powers

Answer:

Simplify.

Simplify each expression. a.

Answer:

b.

Answer:

Simplify Power of a Power Simplify. Power of a Power Answer:

Simplify.

Simplify Answer:

Geometry Find the volume of a cube with a side length Volume

Formula for volume of a cube

Power of a Product Answer:

Simplify.

Express the surface area of the cube as a monomial. Answer:

Simplify

Power of a Power Power of a Product Power of a Power

Commutative Property

Answer:

Power of Powers

Simplify Answer:

DIVIDING MONOMIALS

Example 1

Quotient of Powers

Example 2

Power of a Quotient

Example 3

Zero Exponent

Example 4

Negative Exponents

Example 5

Apply Properties of Exponents

Simplify

Assume that x and y are not equal

to zero. Group powers that have the same base. Quotient of Powers Answer:

Simplify.

Simplify to zero. Answer:

Assume that a and b are not equal

Simplify

Assume that e and f are not

equal to zero. Power of a Quotient

Power of a Product

Answer:

Power of a Power

Simplify equal to zero.

Answer:

Assume that p and q are not

Simplify equal to zero.

Answer: 1

Assume that m and n are not

Simplify

. Assume that m and n are not

equal to zero.

Simplify. Answer:

Quotient of Powers

Simplify each expression. Assume that z is not equal to zero. a.

Answer: 1

b.

Answer:

Simplify

. Assume that y and z are not

equal to zero. Write as a product of fractions.

Answer:

Multiply fractions.

Simplify

. Assume that p, q, and r are

not equal to zero. Group powers with the same base. Quotient of Powers and Negative Exponent Properties

Simplify.

Negative Exponent Property Answer:

Multiply fractions.

Simplify each expression. Assume that no denominator is equal to zero. a.

Answer:

b.

Answer:

Multiple-Choice Test Item Write the ratio of the circumference of the circle to the area of the square in simplest form. A

B

C

D

Read the Test Item A ratio is a comparison of two quantities. It can be written in fraction form.

Solve the Test Item •



circumference of a circle length of a square diameter of circle or 2r area of square Substitute. Quotient of Powers

Simplify.

Answer: C

Multiple-Choice Test Item Write the ratio of the circumference of the circle to the perimeter of the square in simplest form. A

B

Answer: A

C

D

SCIENTIFIC NOTATION

Example 1

Scientific to Standard Notation

Example 2

Standard to Scientific Notation

Example 3

Use Scientific Notation

Example 4

Multiplication with Scientific Notation

Example 5

Division with Scientific Notation

Express

in standard notation. move decimal point 3 places to the left.

Answer: 0.00748

Express

in standard notation. move decimal point 5 places to the right.

Answer: 219,000

Express each number in standard notation. a.

Answer: 0.0316

b.

Answer: 7610

Express 0.000000672 in scientific notation. Move decimal point 7 places to the right. and

Answer:

Express 3,022,000,000,000 in scientific notation.

Move decimal point 12 places to the left. and

Answer:

Express each number in scientific notation. a.

458,000,000

Answer:

b.

0.0000452

Answer:

The Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association reported that in 2000, women spent $4.4 billion on 124 million pairs of shoes. Men spent $8.3 billion on 169 million pairs of shoes. Express the numbers of pairs of shoes sold to women, pairs sold to men, and total spent by both men and women in standard notation. Answer: Shoes sold to women: Shoes sold to men: Total spent:

Write each of these numbers in scientific notation. Answer: Shoes sold to women: Shoes sold to men: Total spent:

The average circulation for all U.S. daily newspapers in 2000 was 111.5 billion newspapers. The top three leading newspapers were The Wall Street Journal, with a circulation of 1.76 million newspapers, USA Today, which sold 1.69 million newspapers, and The New York Times, which had 1.10 million readers. a.

Express the average daily circulation and the circulation of the top three newspapers in standard notation.

Answer: Total circulation: 111,500,000,000; The Wall Street Journal: 1,760,000; USA Today: 1,690,000; The New York Times: 1,100,000

The average circulation for all U.S. daily newspapers in 2000 was 111.5 billion newspapers. The top three leading newspapers were The Wall Street Journal, with a circulation of 1.76 million newspapers, USA Today, which sold 1.69 million newspapers, and The New York Times, which had 1.10 million readers. b. Write each of the numbers in scientific notation. Answer: Total circulation: Journal: USA Today: The New York Times:

The Wall Street

Evaluate Express the result in scientific and standard notation.

Commutative and Associative Properties Product of Powers

Associative Property

Product of Powers Answer:

Evaluate Express the result in scientific and standard notation. Answer:

Evaluate

Express the result in scientific

and standard notation.

Associative Property

Product of Powers Answer:

Evaluate and standard notation. Answer:

Express the result in scientific

POLYNOMIALS

Example 1

Identify Polynomials

Example 2

Write a Polynomial

Example 3

Degree of a Polynomial

Example 4

Arrange Polynomials in Ascending Order

Example 5

Arrange Polynomials in Descending Order

State whether each expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, identify it as a monomial, binomial, or trinomial. Expression

a. b . c. d .

Polynomial? Yes, is the difference of two real numbers.

Monomial, Binomial, or Trinomial binomial

Yes, is the sum and difference of trinomial three monomials. No. Yes,

are not monomials. has one term.

none of these monomial

State whether each expression is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial, identify it as a monomial, binomial, or trinomial. Expression

a.

Polynomial? Yes, is the sum of three monomials. which is not a monomial.

Monomial, Binomial, or Trinomial trinomial

b . c.

No.

Yes, The expression is the sum of two monomials.

binomial

d .

Yes,

monomial

has one term.

none of these

Write a polynomial to represent the area of the green shaded region. Words

The area of the shaded region is the area of the rectangle minus the area of the triangle.

Variables

area of the shaded region height of rectangle area of rectangle triangle area

Equation

A A

Answer: The polynomial representing the area of the shaded region is

Write a polynomial to represent the area of the green shaded region.

Answer:

Find the degree of each polynomial. Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

a.

0, 1, 2, 3

3

b.

2, 1, 0

2

c.

8

8

Polynomial

Terms

Find the degree of each polynomial. Degree of Each Term

Degree of Polynomial

a.

2, 1, 3, 0

3

b.

2, 4, 3

4

c.

7, 6

7

Polynomial

Terms

Arrange the terms of powers of x are in ascending order.

Answer:

so that the

Arrange the terms of the powers of x are in ascending order.

Answer:

so that

Arrange the terms of each polynomial so that the powers of x are in ascending order. a. Answer:

b. Answer:

Arrange the terms of the powers of x are in descending order.

Answer:

so that

Arrange the terms of that the powers of x are in descending order.

Answer:

so

Arrange the terms of each polynomial so that the powers of x are in descending order. a. Answer:

b. Answer:

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING POLYNOMIALS

Example 1

Add Polynomials

Example 2

Subtract Polynomials

Example 3

Subtract Polynomials

Find Method 1 Horizontal Group like terms together.

Associative and Commutative Properties Add like terms.

Method 2 Vertical Align the like terms in columns and add. Notice that terms are in descending order with like terms aligned.

Answer:

Find Answer:

Find Method 1 Horizontal Subtract

by adding its additive inverse.

The additive inverse of is Group like terms. Add like terms.

Method 2 Vertical Align like terms in columns and subtract by adding the additive inverse.

Add the opposite.

Answer:

or

Find Answer:

Geometry The measure of the perimeter of the triangle shown is Find the polynomial that represents the third side of the triangle. Let a = length of side 1, b = the length of side 2, and c = the length of the third side. You can find a polynomial for the third side by subtracting side a and side b from the polynomial for the perimeter.

To subtract, add the additive inverses.

Group the like terms. Add like terms. Answer: The polynomial for the third side is

Find the length of the third side if the triangle if

The length of the third side is

Simplify. Answer: 45 units

Geometry The measure of the perimeter of the rectangle shown is

a. Find a polynomial that represents width of the rectangle. Answer: b. Find the width of the rectangle if Answer: 3 units

MULTIPLYING POLYNOMIALS by a MONOMIAL

Example 1

Multiply a Polynomial by a Monomial

Example 2

Simplify Expressions

Example 3

Use Polynomial Models

Example 4

Polynomials on Both Sides

Find Method 1 Horizontal

Distributive Property Multiply.

Find Method 2 Vertical

Distributive Property Multiply.

Answer:

Find Answer:

Simplify

Distributive Property Product of Powers Commutative and Associative Properties

Answer:

Combine like terms.

Simplify

Answer:

Entertainment Admission to the Super Fun Amusement Park is $10. Once in the park, super rides are an additional $3 each and regular rides are an additional $2. Sarita goes to the park and rides 15 rides, of which s of those 15 are super rides. Find an expression for how much money Sarita spent at the park. Words Variables

The total cost is the sum of the admission, super ride costs, and regular ride costs. If the number of super rides, then is the number of regular rides. Let M be the amount of money Sarita spent at the park.

Equation Amount of money

M

equals

admission

10

plus

super rides

s

$3 per times ride

regular plus rides

times

$2 per ride.

2

3

Distributive Property Simplify Simplify. Answer: An expression for the amount of money Sarita spent in the park is , where s is the number of super rides she rode.

Evaluate the expression to find the cost if Sarita rode 9 super rides.

Add. Answer: Sarita spent $49.

The Fosters own a vacation home that they rent throughout the year. The rental rate during peak season is $120 per day and the rate during the off-peak season is $70 per day. Last year they rented the house 210 days, p of which were during peak season. a.

Find an expression for how much rent the Fosters received.

Answer: b.

Evaluate the expression if p is equal to 130.

Answer: $21,200

Solve Original equation Distributive Property Combine like terms. Subtract each side.

from

Add 7 to each side. Add 2b to each side. Divide each side by 14. Answer:

Check

Original equation

Simplify. Multiply. Add and subtract.

Solve Answer:

MULTIPLY POLYNOMIALS

Example 1

The Distributive Property

Example 2

FOIL Method

Example 3

FOIL Method

Example 4

The Distributive Property

Find Method 1 Vertical Multiply by –4.

Find Multiply by y.

Find Add like terms.

Find Method 2 Horizontal Distributive Property Distributive Property Multiply. Combine like terms. Answer:

Find Answer:

Find F

L

I O

F

O

I

L

Multiply. Combine like terms.

Answer:

Find

F

O

I

L

Multiply.

Answer:

Combine like terms.

Find each product. a. Answer:

b. Answer:

Geometry The area A of a triangle is one-half the height h times the base b. Write an expression for the area of the triangle. Identify the height and the base.

Now write and apply the formula. Area

A

equals

one-half

height

h

times

base.

b

Original formula

Substitution

FOIL method

Multiply.

Combine like terms.

Distributive Property Answer: The area of the triangle is square units.

Geometry The area of a rectangle is the measure of the base times the height. Write an expression for the area of the rectangle. Answer:

Find

Distributive Property Distributive Property Answer:

Combine like terms.

Find

Distributive Property

Distributive Property Answer: Combine like terms.

Find each product. a. Answer: b. Answer:

SPECIAL PRODUCTS

Example 1

Square of a Sum

Example 2

Square of a Difference

Example 3

Apply the Sum of a Square

Example 4

Product of a Sum and a Difference

Find Square of a Sum

Answer:

Simplify.

Check

Check your work by using the FOIL method.

F

O

I

L

Find Square of a Sum

Answer:

Simplify.

Find each product. a. Answer: b. Answer:

Find Square of a Difference

Answer:

Simplify.

Find Square of a Difference

Answer:

Simplify.

Find each product. a. Answer: b. Answer:

Geometry Write an expression that represents the area of a square that has a side length of units. The formula for the area of a square is Area of a square

Simplify. Answer: The area of the square is square units.

Geometry Write an expression that represents the area of a square that has a side length of units. Answer:

Find Product of a Sum and a Difference

Answer:

Simplify.

Find

Product of a Sum and a Difference

Answer: Simplify.

Find each product. a. Answer: b. Answer:

THIS IS THE END OF THE SESSION

BYE!

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