Texas And Its Health Grade

United Health Foundation

A M E R I C A’ S H E A L T H

Ranking: Texas is 46th this year; it was 37th in 2007. Strengths: Strengths include a low prevalence of smoking at 19.3 percent of the population, a low prevalence of binge drinking at 15.0 percent of the population, a low rate of cancer deaths at 186.3 deaths per 100,000 population and a moderate infant mortality rate at 6.5 deaths per 1,000 live births.

RANKINGS

Texas

2008

TM

Overall Rank: 46 Change: 9

OVERALL RANK

0 10 20 30 40 50 1990 ‘92

‘94

‘96

‘98

‘00

‘02

‘04

‘06

‘08

Challenges: Challenges include a high rate of uninsured population at 24.9 percent, a high percentage of children in poverty at 25.0 percent of persons under age 18, a high incidence of infectious disease at 23.8 cases per 100,000 population and limited access to primary care with 95.0 primary care physicians per 100,000 population. Texas ranks lower for health determinants than for health outcomes, indicating that overall healthiness may remain low in future years.

Challenges: • Limited access to primary care • High rate of uninsured population • High percentage of children in poverty • High incidence of infectious disease

Significant Changes: In the past year, the percentage of children in poverty increased from 22.0 percent to 25.0 percent of persons under age 18. In the past year, the prevalence of smoking increased from 17.9 percent to 19.3 percent of the population. Since 1990, the infant mortality rate decreased from 9.3 to 6.5 deaths per 1,000 live births. Since 1990, the prevalence of obesity increased from 12.3 percent to 28.6 percent of the population.

Significant Changes: • In the past year, the prevalence of smoking increased by 8% • In the past year, the percentage of children in poverty increased by 14% • In the last five years, immunization coverage increased by 15% • Since 1990, the infant mortality rate decreased by 30%

Health Disparities: In Texas, low birth weight babies are more common among non-Hispanic blacks at 13.9 percent than Hispanics at 7.2 percent. Access to health care varies significantly by race and ethnicity in the state; 29.3 percent of non-Hispanic blacks and 55.7 percent of Hispanics lack health insurance compared to 16.8 percent of non-Hispanic whites. State Health Department Web Site: www.dshs.state.tx.us

2008 DETERMINANTS

2007 VALUE

Strengths: • Low rate of cancer deaths • Moderate prevalence of smoking

2003 RANK

VALUE

1990

VALUE

RANK

RANK

VALUE

RANK

19.3⇑ 15.0 28.6⇑

19 20 39

17.9 14.5 26.1

9 22 32

22.9 16.5* 25.5

24 35 45

30.6 — 12.3

29 — 33

74.0⇓ 511 6.3 23.8⇓ 25.0⇑ 13.4

35 37 29 44 49 33

76.7 516 6.2 26.3 22.0 13.3

27 36 27 43 45 33

61.9* 573 5.1 28.8 21.1 12.5

39* 39 21 39 41 26.0

65.9* 632 13.6* 47.8 22.6 —

46 41 39 41 39 —

24.9 $47 78.2

50 42 38

24.1 $44 76.7

50 43 41

24.4 — 67.9

50 — 43

23.7 — —

48 — —

63.2* 95.0 87.6 -9.5

— 42 39 48

71.6 95.5 87.6 -6.4

34 42 39 40

71.8* — 91.5 -6.0

38 — 42 44

58.9* — — -6.3

48 — — 46

3.5 3.8 15.1 6.5 302.8⇓ 186.3 7,505 0.6 -9.0

32 41 40 24 30 15 25 33 46

3.0 3.3 14.4 6.4 317.8 189.8 7,541 1.0 -5.5

13 17 40 23 34 16 28 27 37

2.9 2.9 — 5.8 346.8 195.5 7,658 1.2 -3.8

12 10 — 9 0 18 28 24 35

— — — 9.3 386.6 181.8 8,654 0.0 -6.3

— — — 17 21 13 28 29 37

PERSONAL BEHAVIORS

Prevalence of Smoking (Percent of population) Prevalence of Binge Drinking (Percent of population) Prevalence of Obesity (Percent of population)

PUBLIC & HEALTH POLICIES

Lack of Health Insurance (Percent without health insurance) Public Health Funding (Dollars per person) Immunization Coverage (Percent of children ages 19 to 35 months) CLINICAL CARE

Adequacy of Prenatal Care (Percent of pregnant women) Primary Care Physicians (Number per 100,000 population) Preventable Hospitalizations (Number per 1,000 Medicare enrollees) ALL DETERMINANTS HEALTH OUTCOMES

Poor Mental Health Days (Days in previous 30 days) Poor Physical Health Days (Days in previous 30 days) Geographic Disparity (Relative standard deviation) Infant Mortality (Deaths per 1,000 live births) Cardiovascular Deaths (Deaths per 100,000 population) Cancer Deaths (Deaths per 100,000 population) Premature Death (Years lost per 100,000 population) ALL HEALTH OUTCOMES OVERALL

⇓ and ⇑ indicate major increases and decreases in the last year. — indicates data not available.

www.americashealthrankings.org

*Data may not be comparable. **See measure description for full details.

Texas

COMMUNITY & ENVIRONMENT

High School Graduation (Percent of incoming ninth graders) Violent Crime (Offenses per 100,000 population) Occupational Fatalities (Deaths per 100,000 workers) Infectious Disease (Cases per 100,000 population) Children in Poverty (Percent of persons under age 18) Air Pollution (Micrograms of fine particles per cubic meter)