Test Review

23/10/2007 18:16:00 Test Review Need to know some of key ideas from first test, but no specific questions One section will be comparing and contrasting early no, swing, bop and cool All multiple choice 6 listening

swing 1920-1940 • emphasis on preperformance calculation • improvising soloist, not collective improvisation • increased size in venues which creates big band o structure of big baND 

clarinet section, saxaphone, trumpet section, trombone section – mel  drum, piano, string base (instead of tuba) – rhythm • need arranger – o FLETCHER HENDERSON!!!  Faster harmonic structure, chord changes happen faster, quicker  local, territorial, national bands

• •

know difference between improvised and improvisatory(could have been made up, but calculated.) duke Ellington – 4 categories o jungle music – construction of 2frica o moods- captured experiences  “koko” blue  "indago" o Songs – instrtumental versions of lyrics of songs with instruments instead of words  “do nothing til you hear from me” “Cherokee” o Extended concert pieces – serious music, not for entertainment, rented out carnigei hall to play

•

•

Terms o Band within a band – big band and then take a break while an early no like small combo would play o Torch song – billie holliday famous for them. Sung from women who had been done wrong by a man o improvised o improvisatory was an acculturation both black and white

bop – 1940-1960 • key concept – musicians no longer think of themselves as entertainers, play for the sake of music • key – entirely black invention

•

• • • • •

• •

4 adjectives of bop o exclusive o perverse- against tradition o abstract o virtuosic rid of big band, back to small combos, no arrangers no preperformance calculation mittons after club in harlem where blacks went to play **tradition of scilent theme - take a piece everyone knows get rid of melody and title, put new melody over old harmony and put a new title on it. o “cheerokee”  “coco” on cd ***********remember this one no bop recordings exist during wwII era because of vinel 1st bop recordings came in 1945

ny stride piano • art tatum • ny stride was everything bop was suppossed to be – 4 adjs hard bop • chord changes were faster • john coldtrain

•

terms • • • •

very fast paced, unsurrmounted, as ast as humanly possible

quotations – take piece everyone knows and make references to past musicians in own piece nonfunctional - wasnt dance music, playing for sake of playing know 4 adjs silent theme

Cool - 1950 • “birth of the cool” album by miles davis ninoette • instumentation for ninoette o trumpet horn o alto sax o o trombone o tuba o barry sax o o piano o bass

• • • • • •

• • •

•

o drums birth of cool came out of basement of gill evans – drummer – arranger comes back a little pre-performance calc lester young – swing saxaphonist was father figure to cool saxophonists began in ny city, but ideas got out west into cali in cali it was called west coast jazz o dave brubeck – pianist from cali, studied with European player  first to bring jazz to university  2nd jazz musician to appear on cover of TIME characteristics – not fast structured at all, not dance, not functional, not incredibly slow either, cool paced, all west coast jazz was cool, however all cool music was not west coast groups o dave brubeck quartet o modern jazz quartet – “bach, Sebastian” etc in cool style term o deploration – tribute on death of composers “django”

1960's – • 3 f words

•

o freedom o fusion o fragmented 3 streams of jazz during this period o conservative o progressive o radical

ella – mostly swing, was more versatile than billie, not necessarily more entertaining. Won singing contest at Apollo theater in Hollywood, idolized all over world. bud powell – pianist, bop, played with dizzy, one of famous tunes “a night into nesia” max roach - drummer, bop, one of greats, played with sarah Vaughn john cultrain – bop saxophonist, hard bop, theolonius monk – piano, odd ball, but considered genius, bop miles davis - many diff styles, leader of birth of the cool, colorful approach, playing was not virtuosic – just played right note at right time, also a painter, largely responsible for cool but around for bop gill evans – played and collaborated with miles davis on recordings that were not live or meant to sound live “summertime” “sketches of spain” drummer, dave brubeck – piano, studied from European, brought jazz to college john lewis- piano player in miles davis’ ninette, also played piano in modern jazz quartet. Primarily cool Paul Desmond- sax payer in dave brubeck quartet Lester Young – swing sax, father figure for cool sax

chet baker – trumpet player and singer, similar to miles davis – didn’t play fast or low or too high, music was accessible and sung like he played trumpet. Got strung out on drugs and jumped out window benny goodman – clarinetist. “king of swing” Milt Jackson – played vibraphone in modern jazz quartet Art Tatrum – ny stride pianist Charlie Barnett – might need to know, maybe, wrote Cherokee tommy Dorset – trombonest, white, played sweet music, “gentleman of swing fletcher Henderson – pianist, swing arranger---big time! Degree in chemistry, black from ga, led a band but lousey businessman and band didn’t survive Coleman Hawkins – sax played with fletcher, swing, after played with fletcher – took on own career and considered louis Armstrong of sax billie holiday – singer, considered prototype for all jazz singers, 4 adjs (originality, artistry, influence, emotion) “lady day”. Began performing in nyc in 1933 duke Ellington – piano player, band leader in swing era, 4 categories of music. Known for hiring people with eccentric musical personalities Count Bassie – piano player, band leader in swing era, all black band, as piano player- used economical approach (played fewer notes). Played popular song in a new jazz style. Bubba Miley – trumpet player in duke’s band. Made it hott sidney bichet – played clarinet and sax in duke’s band Jimmy Lunceford – swing era, “rage of harlem” 1. 2. 3. 4.

duke ellington coco - bop version of Cherokee – Charlie parker early new Orleans, small combo dave brubeck