Tax-review-assignment-daw.docx

1 TAX REVIEW 1. What is the composition of the Court of Tax Appeals and by whom are the members thereof appointed? the Court is headed by a Presiding Justice and assisted by five (5) Associate Justices. They shall have the same qualifications, rank, category, salary, emoluments and other privileges, be subject to the same inhibitions and disqualifications and enjoy the same retirement and other benefits as those provided for under existing laws for the Presiding Justice and Associate Justices of the Court of Appeals. A decision of a division of the CTA may be appealed to the CTA En Banc, and the latter's decision may further be appealed by verified petition for certiorari to the Supreme Court. the CTA is now composed of one Presiding Justice and eight Associate Justices. The CTA may sit en banc or in three divisions with each division consisting of three justices which added three more members (and one more division) to the court Incumbent Justices[edit] Name of Court of Tax Appeals Justices

Position

Date of Appointment

Date of Birth

Date of Retirement

Hon. Roman G. del Rosario

Presiding Justice

March 13, 2013

October 6, 1955

October 6, 2025

Hon. Juanito C. Castañeda, Jr.

April 26, 2004 as Associate Justice

October 1, 2001 as Associate Judge

June 24, 1952

June 24, 2022

Hon. Erlinda P. Uy

Associate Justice

October 5, 2004

May 28, 1953

May 28, 2023

Hon. Esperanza R. FabonVictoriano

Associate Justice

November 27, 2009

August 3, 1950

August 3, 2020

Hon. Cielito N. MindaroGrulla

Associate Justice

November 27, 2009

June 17, 1950

June 17, 2020

Hon. Maria Belen Ringpis Liban

Associate Justice

May 17, 2013

February 25, 1957

February 25, 2027

Hon. Catherine T. Manahan

Associate Justice

December 6, 2016

January 2, 1956

January 2, 2026

Vacant

Associate Justice

Vacant

Associate Justice

2. Does the Court of Tax Appeals have the power to review tax cases motu propio? Explain your answer.

2 3. State the cases under the exclusive appellate jurisdiction of the CTA.

Sec. 7. Jurisdiction. - The CTA shall exercise: "a. Exclusive appellate jurisdiction to review by appeal, as herein provided: "1. Decisions of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in cases involving disputed assessments, refunds of internal revenue taxes, fees or other charges, penalties in relation thereto, or other matters arising under the National Internal Revenue or other laws administered by the Bureau of Internal Revenue; "2. Inaction by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue in cases involving disputed assessments, refunds of internal revenue taxes, fees or other charges, penalties in relations thereto, or other matters arising under the National Internal Revenue Code or other laws administered by the Bureau of Internal Revenue, where the National Internal Revenue Code provides a specific period of action, in which case the inaction shall be deemed a denial; "3. Decisions, orders or resolutions of the Regional Trial Courts in local tax cases originally decided or resolved by them in the exercise of their original or appellate jurisdiction; "4. Decisions of the Commissioner of Customs in cases involving liability for customs duties, fees or other money charges, seizure, detention or release of property affected, fines, forfeitures or other penalties in relation thereto, or other matters arising under the Customs Law or other laws administered by the Bureau of Customs; "5. Decisions of the Central Board of Assessment Appeals in the exercise of its appellate jurisdiction over cases involving the assessment and taxation of real property originally decided by the provincial or city board of assessment appeals; "6. Decisions of the Secretary of Finance on customs cases elevated to him automatically for review from decisions of the Commissioner of Customs which are adverse to the Government under Section 2315 of the Tariff and Customs Code; "7. Decisions of the Secretary of Trade and Industry, in the case of nonagricultural product, commodity or article, and the Secretary of Agriculture in the case of agricultural product, commodity or article, involving dumping and countervailing duties under Section 301 and 302, respectively, of the Tariff and Customs Code, and safeguard measures under Republic Act No. 8800, where either party may appeal the decision to impose or not to impose said duties. "b. Jurisdiction over cases involving criminal offenses as herein provided: "1. Exclusive original jurisdiction over all criminal offenses arising from violations of the National Internal Revenue Code or Tariff and Customs Code and other laws administered by the Bureau of Internal Revenue or the Bureau of Customs: Provided, however, That offenses or felonies mentioned in this paragraph where the principal amount o taxes and fees, exclusive of charges and penalties, claimed is less than One million pesos (P1,000,000.00) or where there is no specified amount claimed shall be tried by the regular Courts and the jurisdiction of the CTA shall be appellate. Any provision of law or the Rules of Court to the contrary notwithstanding, the criminal action and the corresponding civil action for the recovery of civil liability for taxes and penalties shall at all times be simultaneously instituted with, and jointly determined in the same proceeding by the CTA, the filing of the criminal action being deemed to necessarily carry with it the filing of the civil action, and no right to reserve the filling of such civil action separately from the criminal action will be recognized. "2. Exclusive appellate jurisdiction in criminal offenses: "a. Over appeals from the judgments, resolutions or orders of the Regional Trial Courts in tax cases originally decided by them, in their respected territorial jurisdiction.

3 "b. Over petitions for review of the judgments, resolutions or orders of the Regional Trial Courts in the exercise of their appellate jurisdiction over tax cases originally decided by the Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts in their respective jurisdiction. "c. Jurisdiction over tax collection cases as herein provided: "1. Exclusive original jurisdiction in tax collection cases involving final and executory assessments for taxes, fees, charges and penalties: Provided, however, That collection cases where the principal amount of taxes and fees, exclusive of charges and penalties, claimed is less than One million pesos (P1,000,000.00) shall be tried by the proper Municipal Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court and Regional Trial Court. "2. Exclusive appellate jurisdiction in tax collection cases: "a. Over appeals from the judgments, resolutions or orders of the Regional Trial Courts in tax collection cases originally decided by them, in their respective territorial jurisdiction. "b. Over petitions for review of the judgments, resolutions or orders of the Regional Trial Courts in the Exercise of their appellate jurisdiction over tax collection cases originally decided by the Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts, in their respective jurisdiction."

4. Which of the following propositions may now be untenable? a. The court should construe a law granting tax exemption strictly against the taxpayer. b. The court should construe a law granting a municipal corporation the power to tax most strictly. c. The Court of Tax Appeals has jurisdiction over decisions of the Customs Commissioner in cases involving liability for customs duties. d. The Court of Appeals has jurisdiction to review decisions of the Court of Tax Appeals. e. The Supreme Court has jurisdiction to review decisions of the Court of Appeals.

5. After filing an information for violation of Section 254 of the NIRC (Attempt to Evade or Defeat Tax) with the CTA, the Public Prosecutor manifested that the People is reserving the right to file the corresponding civil action for the recovery of the civil liability for taxes. As counsel for the accused, comment on the People’s manifestation. SUGGESTED ANSWER The manifestation is not proper. The criminal action and the corresponding civil action for the recovery of the civil liability for taxes and penalties shall at all times be simultaneously instituted with, and jointly determined in the same proceeding before the Court of Tax Appeal (CTA). The filing of the criminal action is deemed to necessarily carry with it the filing of the civil action, and no right to reserve the filing of such civil action separately from the criminal action shall be recognized (Sec. 7(b)(1) of Republic Act. No. 9282: Judy Anne Santos v. People, G.R. No. 173176, August 26, 2008, 563 SCRA 341).

6. The prescriptive period to file a criminal action is: a. b. c. d.

Ten (10) years from the date of discovery of the commission of fraud or non-filing of tax return. Five (5) years from the date of issuance of the final assessment notice. Three (3) years from the filing of the annual tax return. Five (5) years from the commission of the violation of the law, and if the same be not known at the time, from the discovery thereof and the institution of judicial proceedings for its investigation and punishment.