Tajweed

TAJWEED RULES PREFACE Assalamu alaikum. Alhamdu lillah, we have finally completed the version (Dated: 6th February 2008) of this work that provides you with charts on Rules of Tajweed. We don’t claim to be an expert in this area but we have tried our best to develop this tajweed material by referring to few books. We believe that this material would be useful to those who are teaching Tajweed. Also, this can be used as a reference material. In order to develop this material, we have referred to the following books: 1. Moulana Muhammad Ibrahim Sahib Baaqavi, Hidayathus sifyan fi tajweedil Quran, Haadi Publishers, Chennai, India. [In Tamil] 2. Dr. Abdul-majid Khan, Tajwid: The art of recitation of the Holy Quran, Urdu Academy Sind, Karachi, Pakistan. [In English] .3 ‫ﻋّﺰت ﻋﺒﻴﺪ اﻟﺪﻋﺎس‬, ‫ﻦ اﻟﺘﺠﻮﻳﺪ‬ ّ ‫ﻓ‬, Dar Ibn Hajam, Beirut, Lebanon. [In Arabic] 4. Umm Muhammad, A Brief Introduction to Tajweed, Abul-Qasim Publishing House, Jeddah. [In English] We ask Allah to forgive our shortcomings and accept our efforts. Please provide us with suggestions and/or comments for further improvement. We acknowledge the help of many brothers and sisters in the preparation of this document. May Allah reward them all, aameen. Please remember us and our parents in your prayers. Contact Email: [email protected] Contact Address: M.I. Seyed Mohamed Buhari, 24-E, Mohideen Street, Kayalpatnam – 628 204. Tamil Nadu. INDIA. 1

‫ﺠﻮﻳﺪ‬‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘ‬ RULES OF TAJWEED

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬ RULES OF LETTERS

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺪ‬ RULES OF MADD

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‬ RULES OF STOPPING

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬ ASSIMILATION

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ‬ QALQALAH

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺪﺩﺗﲔ‬ MUSHADDAD NOON AND MEEM

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‬ RULES OF LAAM

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ‬ RULES OF RAA

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ NOON SAKINAH AND TANWEEN

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ RULES OF MEEM SAKINAH

‫ﳐﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬ PLACES OF ARTICULATION

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻮﻳﺎﻥ‬ UVULAR CONSONANTS ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻭﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ‬ STOPPING AND INITIATION

‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬ PUNCTUATION MARKS

‫ﺍﳋﻴﺸﻮﻡ‬ NASAL CAVITY (NASALIZATION)

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻴﺔ‬ INTER-DENTAL

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ PHARYNGEAL (THROAT) CONSONANTS

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﺜﻮﻳﺔ‬ ALVEO-DENTAL

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻳﺔ‬ LABIAL (LIP) CONSONANTS

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻌﻴﺔ‬ DENTAL CONSONANTS

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ PALATAL CONSONANTS

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﺎﰲ‬ MOLAR TONGUE

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻟﻘﻴﺔ‬ ALVEOLAR CONSONANTS

2

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬ THE RULES OF LETTERS

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬ RULES OF ASSIMILATION

‫ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﲔ‬ IDENTICAL LETTERS ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﲔ‬ SAME PLACE OF ARTICULATION

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺪ‬ RULES OF MADD

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ RULES OF MEEM SAKINAH

‫ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌ‬ DERIVED MADD ‫ﺪ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻲ‬‫ﺍﳌ‬ NATURAL MADD

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ‬ RULES OF NOON SAKINAH AND TANWEEN

‫ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ‬ ITH-HAAR SHAFAWI

‫ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ‬ ITH-HAAR

‫ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ‬ IDGHAAM SHAFAWI

‫ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬ IDGHAAM

‫ﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻱ‬ IKHFAA SHAFAWI

‫ﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ‬ IKHFAA

‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ LAAM OF VERB

‫ﻻﻡ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ‬ LAAM JALALAH

‫ﺍﻹﻗﻼﺏ‬ IQLAAB

‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﲔ‬ CLOSE PLACE OF ARTICULATION

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬ THE RULES OF LETTERS [Contd ...]

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ‬ RULES OF QALQALAH

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‬ RULES OF LAAM

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ‬ RULES OF RAA

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺪﺩﺗﲔ‬ RULES OF MUSHADDAD NOON AND MEEM

‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ LAAM TA'RIF

‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬ LAAM SHAMSIYYAH

‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮﻳﺔ‬ LAAM QAMARIYYAH

3

WAYS TO START RECITING SURAHS

PERMITTED WAYS TO RECITE

READ ‫ﻮﺫ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌ‬, ‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬AND ‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬SEPARATELY

READ ‫ﻮﺫ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌ‬, ‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬AND ‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬JOINTLY

READ ‫ﻮﺫ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌ‬, ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬ JOINTLY AND ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬ SEPARATELY

READ ‫ﻮﺫ‬‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌ‬SEPARATELY. THEN ‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬AND ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬ JOINTLY

WAYS OF RECITING SURAHS CONTINUOUSLY

WAY NOT PERMITTED TO RECITE

PERMITTED WAYS TO RECITE

READ CURRENT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬, ‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬AND NEXT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬ SEPARATELY

READ CURRENT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬ SEPARATELY. THEN ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬ AND NEXT ‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬JOINTLY

READ CURRENT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬, ‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬AND NEXT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬ JOINTLY

READ CURRENT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬, ‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻤﻠﺔ‬JOINTLY AND NEXT ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ‬ SEPARATELY 4

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ‬ RULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER NOON SAKINAH OR TANWEEN

ٍ ً‫ـ ـ‬ ‫ـ‬ ٌ , ‫ﹾﻥ‬ NOON SAKINAH OR TANWEEN

‫ﺍﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ‬ ITH-HAAR

(READ CLEARLY)

‫ﺍﻹﺧﻔﺎﺀ‬ IKHFAA

‫ﺍﻹﻗﻼﺏ‬ IQLAAB

(USE NOSE)

(CONVERT ‫ ﻥ‬OR TANWEEN TO ‫)ﻡ‬

‫ﻍﻉﺥﺡﻩﺀ‬

‫ﻑ ﻅﻁﺽﺹﺵﺱﺯﺫﺩﺝﺙﺕ‬ ‫ﻙﻕ‬

‫ﻭﻥ‬‫ﺄﹶ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ ﻳ‬, ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻮﹲﻝ ﺃِﻣﻴ‬‫ﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬

‫ﻮﻥ‬‫ﻬﻠﹸ‬‫ﺠ‬  ‫ﻡ ﺗ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ ﻗﹶ‬, ‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﻌﻠﹸ‬‫ﹾﻔ‬‫ﻦ ﺗ‬‫ﻟﹶ‬

‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺮﺍ‬‫ﺼﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﺮﺍ ﺑ‬‫ﺧﺒِﻴ‬ , ‫ﻌﺪ‬‫ﻦ ﺑ‬‫ِﻣ‬

Exceptions in Idghaam: 1. Idghaam does not apply in one word [‫ ﻳﺲ‬and ‫] ﻥ‬ ‫ﻳﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻴﻢ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻄﺮﻭﻥ‬ 2. Idghaam does not apply if there is sakta between the words ٍ ‫ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﹶﻞ‬‫ﻭﻗِﻴ‬ ‫ﻕ‬ 3. If ‫ ﻭ‬OR ‫ ﻱ‬appears in same word after ‫ ْﻥ‬, Read clearly (‫)ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﹲﻥ‬‫ﺎ ﻗِﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺩﻧ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬ IDGHAAM

(Assimilation of one letter into another) ‫ﻥﻭﻝﻡﺭﻱ‬

‫ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬

‫ﻣﻊ ﻏﻨﺔ‬ (With Stress) ‫ﻥﻡﻭﻱ‬

 ‫ﻭﻟﹶِﻌ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻫ‬ , ‫ﻭﺍٍﻝ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬

‫ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺗﺎﻡ‬ OR ‫ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻏﻨﺔ‬ (Without Stress) ‫ﻝﺭ‬

‫ﺣ ْﻴ ٌﻢ‬ ِ ‫ﻏ ُﻔ ْﻮ ٌر َر‬ َ,‫ﻚ‬ َ ‫ﻦ َﻟ ُﺪ ْﻧ‬ ْ ‫ِﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺭِﺣﻴ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ ﹶﻏﹸﻔ‬, ‫ﻚ‬  ‫ﺪﻧ‬‫ﻦ ﻟﹶ‬‫ِﻣ‬

5

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ RULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER MEEM SAKINAH

‫ﻡ‬ MEEM SAKINAH

‫ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺷﻔﻮﻱ‬ ITH-HAAR SHAFAWI

‫ﺇﺧﻔﺎﺀ ﺷﻔﻮﻱ‬ IKHFAA SHAFAWI

‫ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺷﻔﻮﻱ‬ IDGHAAM SHAFAWI

(READ CLEARLY)

(USE NOSE, WITH STRESS)

‫ﻣﻊ ﻏﻨﺔ‬ (With Stress)

‫ﺏ‬

‫ﻡ‬

‫ﻢ‬‫ﻢ ﺑِِﻬ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺭﺑ‬

‫ﻢ ﺍﷲ‬‫ﻦ ﹶﻛﻠﱠ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ِﻣﻨ‬

OTHER LETTERS EXCEPT ‫ﻡ & ﺏ‬

‫ﺮ‬‫ﻢ ﺗ‬‫ﺃﻟﹶ‬

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺪﺩﺗﲔ‬ RULES OF MUSHADDAD NOON AND MEEM READ ‫ ﹼﻥ‬AND ‫ﻡ‬ WITH STRESS, EVEN WHILE STOPPING For Noon Shaddah: ‫ﺟﺎﱞﻥ‬ , ‫ﺎﺱ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ِﺔ‬‫ﳉﻨ‬ ِ ‫ﻦ ﺍ‬‫ِﻣ‬ For Meem Shaddah: ‫ﻤﺎ‬‫ ﻟﹶ‬, ‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛﹸ‬

6

RULES FOR READING QALQALAH CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR WITH SUKUN: READ WITH ECHO SOUND ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻘﻠﺔ‬ QALQALAH ‫ﻗﻄﺐ ﺟﺪ‬

‫ﺻﻐﺮﻯ‬ [WEAK ECHO]

‫ﻛﱪ ﻯ‬ [STRONG ECHO]

IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAH CHARACTERS WITH SUKUN APPEARS IN THE MIDDLE OF A WORD

IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAH CHARACTERS WITH SUKUN APPEARS AT THE END OF A WORD AND WHEN WE STOP AT IT

‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪﺍ‬‫ِﻣﹾﻘ‬

 ‫ﺜﹶﺎ‬‫ِﻣﻴ‬ ‫ﻕ‬

7

‫ﺍﻹﺩﻏﺎﻡ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬ RULES OF IDGHAAM ‫ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬ IDGHAAM IF SUKUN IS FOLLOWED

BY ِ- OR ُ- OR َ-

‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻠﲔ‬ MUTAMAATHILAIN

‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺭﺑﲔ‬ MUTAQARIBAIN

‫ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﲔ‬ MUTAJANISAIN

IF THE SUKUN LETTER AND THE NEXT LETTER ARE SAME

IF THE SUKUN LETTER AND THE NEXT LETTER ARE DIFFERENT BUT WITH CLOSE-BY ORIGIN

IF THE SUKUN LETTER AND THE NEXT LETTER ARE DIFFERENT BUT WITH SAME ORIGIN

‫ﺎ‬‫ﺿﺒ‬ ِ ‫ﻐﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺐ‬  ‫ﻫ‬‫ﺇِﹾﺫ ﱠﺫ‬

 ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻗﹸﹾﻞ‬ ‫ﺏ‬

‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺇِﹾﺫ ﱠﻇﻠﹶ‬

Exceptions in Idhgaam:There will be no merger 1. If both identical letters are with harakah ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻤِﻌِﻬ‬‫ﺴ‬  ِ‫ﺐ ﺑ‬  ‫ﻫ‬‫ﹶﺫ‬ 2. If both letters are letters of Madd [ ‫ ﻭ‬and ‫] ﻱ‬ ‫ﺼﺎﺭﻯ‬  ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨ‬ ‫ﻭﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﻫﺎ‬ 3. If there is a sakta between two identical letters  ‫ﻫﻠﹶ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻣﺎﻟِﻴ‬ ‫ﻚ‬

If the letters of Madd are Leen letters [‫ ﻱ‬or ‫ﻭ‬ preceeded by fathah], then there will be a complete merger without nasalization ‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﻭﹶﻛﺎﻧ‬ ‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﺼ‬  ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ِ‫ ﺑ‬is pronounced as ‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﻮﹶﻛَﺎﻧ‬‫ﺼ‬  ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬

8

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ‬ RULES FOR READING 'RAA' DUE TO CHARACTERS OR HARAKAH THAT APPEAR ON OR BEFORE OR AFTER IT

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺀ‬ RULES OF 'RAA'

‫ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻢ‬ STRONG

BOTH TYPE STRONG & SOFT

1. RAA WITH FATHAH OR DHAMMAH OR FATHATAIN OR DHAMMATAIN [ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ] 2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WITH SHADDAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﺭ‬ ] 3. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS EITHER WITH DHAMMAH OR FATHAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ ُ‫ ـ‬, ‫ﺭ‬ َ‫]ـ‬ 4. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH FATHAH OR DHAMMAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ ْ‫ ـُ ـ‬, ‫ﺭ‬ ْ‫]ـَ ـ‬ 5. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH TRUE KASRAH AND THE LETTER AFTER RAA IS ANYONE OF THESE CHARACTERS (‫ )ﻕ ﻅ ﻁ ﻍ ﺽ ﺹ ﺥ‬CALLED AS ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﻼﺀ‬ 6. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH TEMPORARY KASRAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ِ‫] ﺍ‬

 ‫ﺮ‬‫ ﺑ‬, ‫ﺮ‬‫ ِﺳ‬, ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺭﺑ‬ ‫ﻕ‬ ‫ﻀﻰ‬‫ﺭﺗ‬ِ‫ ﺍ‬, ‫ﺮﻗﹶَﹲﺔ‬ِ‫ ﻓ‬, ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ ﺍﹶﻟﹾﹶﻘ‬, ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺴ‬  ‫ﻌ‬‫ﺍﹶﻟﹾ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻖ‬ SOFT

1. RAA WITH KASRAH OR KASRATAIN [ ‫ ِﺭ‬, ‫] ٍﺭ‬ 2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WITH SHADDAH [ ‫ﺭ‬, ‫ﺭ‬ ] 3. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH KASRAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ ِ‫]ـ‬ 4. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH KASRAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ ْ‫] ـِ ـ‬ 5. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS ‫ﻱ‬ WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH FATHAH [ ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻱ‬  َ‫] ـ‬ 6. THE WORD ‫ﳎﺮﻫﺎ‬

1. ‫ﺮﻕ‬ِ‫ ﻓ‬-- PREFER SOFT 2. ‫ ﺍﻟِﻘﹾﻄﺮ‬-- PREFER SOFT 3. ‫ﺼﺮ‬  ‫ ِﻣ‬-- PREFER STRONG

 ّ‫ﺩِﺭ‬ , ‫ﺟﺎﹲﻝ‬‫ِﺭ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺧﻴ‬ , ‫ﺠﺮ‬  ‫ ِﺣ‬, ‫ﺭ‬‫ِﺬ‬‫ﺍﹶﻧ‬

9

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻼﻡ‬ RULES FOR READING LAAM ‫ﻻﻡ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺍﳉﻼﻟﺔ‬ LAAM IN THE WORD ‫ﺍﷲ‬

LAAM IN WORDS OTHER THAN ‫ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻖ‬ SOFT

‫ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻢ‬ STRONG

‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻖ‬ SOFT

‫ ـَ ﺍﷲ‬OR ‫ـُ ﺍﷲ‬

‫ـ ِ ﺍﷲ‬

IF FATHAH OR DHAMMAH APPEARS BEFORE ‫ﺍﷲ‬

IF KASRAH APPEARS BEFORE ‫ﺍﷲ‬

‫ﺩ ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺃ‬, ‫ﻪ ﺍﷲ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺭﻓﹶ‬

‫ﺪ ِﷲ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬  ‫ ﺍﹶﻟﹾ‬, ‫ﺴِﻢ ﺍﷲ‬  ِ‫ﺑ‬

‫ﻪ‬‫ ﹸﻛﻠﱡ‬, ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻭﻟﱠ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬

‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ LAAM OF VERB

‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬ LAAM TA'RIF READING LAAM WITH OTHER CHARACTERS

Pronounced as ‫ ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ‬, if at the beginning or middle of the verb

Pronounced as ‫ ﺇﺩﻏﺎﻡ‬, if followed by raa or laam

‫ﺎ‬‫ﹶﻘﺘ‬‫ِﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻓِﺌﹶﺘ‬

‫ﻪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺭﻓﹶ‬ ‫ﹾﻞ‬‫ ﺑ‬is pronounced as ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﺮﻓﹶ‬‫ﺑ‬

‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬ LAAM SHAMSIYYAH LAAM IS NOT PRONOUNCED

‫ﻻﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺮﻳﺔ‬ LAAM QAMARIYYAH LAAM IS PRONOUNCED

‫ﻥﻝﻅﻁﺽﺹﺵﺱﺯﺭﺫﺩﺙﺕ‬

‫ﺀﻱﻩﻭﻡﻙﻕﻑﻍﻉﺥﺡﺝﺏ‬

Exception: No Idghaam if there is sakata

‫ﻮﺭ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﱡﻄ‬

‫ﺮ‬‫ﺼﻴ‬ ِ ‫ﺍﹶﻟﹾﺒ‬

‫ﺭﺍﹶﻥ‬ ‫ﹾﻞ‬‫ﻼ ﺑ‬ ‫ﹶﻛ ﱠ‬

‫ﺎ‬‫ﻌﻠﹾﻨ‬‫ﺟ‬ , ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗﹸﻠﹾﻨ‬

10

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‬ RULES FOR READING ALIF

READING ALIF

‫ﺗﻔﺨﻴﻢ‬ STRONG

‫ﺗﺮﻗﻴﻖ‬ SOFT

IF ANYONE OF THE ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﻼﺀ‬ CHARACTERS (‫)ﻕ ﻅ ﻁ ﻍ ﺽ ﺹ ﺥ‬ APPEAR BEFORE ALIF, READ ALIF STRONGLY

IF CHARACTERS OTHER THAN ‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﻼﺀ‬ CHARACTERS APPEAR BEFORE ALIF, READ ALIF SOFTLY

‫ﻋﺼﻰ‬

‫ﻋﺴﻰ‬

11

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺪ‬ RULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [1]

‫ ـَ ﺍﹾ‬, ‫ﻱ‬  ِ‫ ـ‬, ‫ﻭ‬ ُ‫ـ‬ RULES OF MADD 1. MADD SHOULD NOT BE FOLLOWED BY SUKUN [ ْ‫]ـ‬ OR HAMZAH [‫]ﺀ‬ 2. READ AS ONE ALIF 3. OTHER NAMES: 'JAATI' OR 'TABAYI'

‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻭﺗِﻴ‬‫ﺍﹸ‬

‫ﺪ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻣ‬ DERIVED MADD

‫ﺪ ﺑﺪﻝ‬‫ﻣ‬ MADD BADAL

‫ﺪ ﻋﻮﺽ‬‫ﻣ‬ MADD IWADH

MADD LETTER IS PRECEEDED BY HAMZAH

ALIF REPLACES FATHATAIN WHEN ONE STOPS ON IT

‫ﻲ‬ِ‫ﻭﺗ‬‫ ﺍﹸ‬, ‫ ﺇﳝﺎﻥ‬, ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺁ‬

‫ﺟﺎ‬‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ ﺃﻓﹾ‬IS READ AS ‫ﺟﺎ‬‫ﻮﺍ‬‫ﺃﻓﹾ‬

‫ﺼﻞ‬‫ﺪ ﻣﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬ MADD MUTTASIL 1.MADD IS FOLLOWED BY HAMZAH IN SAME WORD 2. READ AS 4 TO 5 ALIF 3. OTHER NAME: 'MADD WAJIB' ‫ﺷﺎَﺀ‬

‫ﺪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ‬‫ﻣ‬ NATURAL MADD

‫ﺪ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬ MADD MUNFASIL 1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BY HAMZAH IN DIFFERENT WORD 2. READ AS 2 TO 4 ALIF 3. OTHER NAME: 'MADD JAIZ' ‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﻮﺍ ﺍِﻧ‬‫ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸ‬

MADD SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY SUKUN [ ْ‫ ] ـ‬OR HAMZAH [‫]ﺀ‬

‫ﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ‬‫ﻣ‬ MADD LAAZIM 1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BY SUKUN ASLI [REAL SUKUN] 2. READ AS 3 TO 5 ALIF

‫ﺪ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ‬‫ﻣ‬ MADD AARIDH 1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BY TEMPORARY SUKUN 2. READ AS ANYONE OF THREE TYPES [Refer next page]

Contd ... 12

‫ﺪ‬‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌ‬ RULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [2]

‫ﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ‬‫ﻣ‬ MADD LAAZIM

‫ﻛﻠﻤﻰ ﻣﺜﹼﻘﻞ‬ KALIMA MUTHAQQAL

‫ﻛﻠﻤﻰ ﳐﹼﻔﻒ‬ KALIMA MUKHAFFAF

SUKUN APPEARS AFTER ‫ﺪ‬‫ ﻣ‬IN ONE WORD ْ- ‫ﻣﺪ‬

SHADDAH APPEARS AFTER ‫ﺪ‬‫ ﻣ‬IN ONE WORD ّ- ‫ﻣﺪ‬

‫ﺣﺮﰱ ﻣﺜﹼﻘﻞ‬ HARFI MUTHAQQAL

‫ﺣﺮﰱ ﳐﹼﻔﻒ‬ HARFI MUKHAFFAF

SHADDAH APPEARS ON ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬ IN ONE CHARACTER

SUKUN APPEARS ON ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬ IN ONE CHARACTER

‫ﻃﺴﻢ‬

‫ﺹ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺌﻦ‬ ONLY PLACE

‫ﺔ‬‫ﺩﺍﺑ‬

‫ﺪ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ‬‫ﻣ‬ MADD AARIDH READING IN ANYONE TYPE IS OUR CHOICE [BE CONSISTENT] Exception: The word ‫ ﺍﱂ‬in ‫ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬ can be read with or without ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬

CHANGE ‫ﻮﹶﻥ‬‫ﺤ‬  ِ‫ﻣﹾﻔﻠ‬ TO ‫ﻮﹾﻥ‬‫ﺤ‬  ِ‫ﻣﹾﻔﻠ‬

‫ﻗﺼﺮ‬ QASR

‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ TAWASSUT

‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬ TOOL

READ AS ONE ALIF

READ AS 2 OR 3 ALIF

READ AS 5 ALIF

13

‫ﺪ‬‫ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌ‬RULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS

First 14 Madd types are called as ‫ﺪ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ‬‫ﻣ‬

Examples

Elongation in Counts (‫)ﺣﺮآﺔ‬

Explanation

Name of Madd

S. No.

‫ ﲰﺂﺀ‬, ‫ ﺳﻰﺀ‬, ‫ ﺟﺂﺀ‬, ‫ﺷﺎﺀ‬

5

‫ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺪ‬and ‫ ﺀ‬appear adjacently in one word

‫ﺼﻞ‬‫ﺪ ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻣﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬

1

‫ﻬﺎ‬‫ﻮﺍ ﺍِﻧ‬‫ﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸ‬

2 to 5

‫ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺪ‬and ‫ ﺀ‬appear adjacently but in two words

‫ﺪ ﺟﺎﺀﺯ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﻣ‬

2

‫ﻮﹸﻥ‬‫ﺤ‬  ِ‫ﻣﹾﻔﻠ‬ is changed to ‫ﻮﹾﻥ‬‫ﺤ‬  ِ‫ﻣﹾﻔﻠ‬

2 to 6

Convert the fatha or kasra or dammah or kasratain or dammathain at the end to sukun, while stopping

‫ﺪ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻮﻥ‬‫ﻣ‬

3

‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ ﺁ‬, ‫ﻡ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺁ‬

2

‫ ﺀ‬is followed by ‫ ﺍ‬or ‫ ﻭ‬or ‫ﻱ‬

‫ﺪ ﺑﺪﻝ‬‫ﻣ‬

4

‫ﻤﺎﹰ‬‫ﻋﻠِﻴ‬ is changed to ‫ﻤﺎﹶ‬‫ﻋﻠِﻴ‬

2

Convert fathathain at the end to Alif, while stopping

‫ﺪ ﻋﻮﺽ‬‫ﻣ‬

5

‫ ﺁﻵﹶﻥ‬is actually ‫ﺍﹶﺍﹶﻵﹶﻥ‬

6

‫ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺪ‬is followed by sukun [ ْ‫] ـ‬

‫ﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﳐﻔﻒ ﻛﻠﻤﻰ‬‫ﻣ‬

6

‫ﻣﺔ‬‫ ﺍﹶﻟﱠﻄـﺂ‬, ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻭﹶﻻ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﱠﻟﱢﻴ‬

6

‫ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺪ‬is followed by saddha in one word

‫ﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﺜﹼﻘﻞ ﻛﻠﻤﻰ‬‫ﻣ‬

7

‫ﻤﺺ‬‫ ﺍﻟـ‬, ‫ ﻃﺴﻢ‬, ‫ﺍﱂ‬

6

‫ﻧﻘﺺ ﻋﺴﻠﻜﻢ‬

‫ﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻣﺸﺒﻊ ﺣﺮﰱ‬‫ﻣ‬

8

‫ ﻳﺲ‬, ‫ﻃﻪ‬

2

‫ﺣﻲ ﻃﻬﺮ‬

‫ﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﳏﻔﻒ ﺣﺮﰱ‬‫ﻣ‬

9

 ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺧ‬ is changed to ‫ﻑ‬ ‫ﻑ‬  ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺧ‬

2 to 6

‫ﻭ‬ َ‫ ـ‬, ‫ﻱ‬  َ‫ـ‬

‫ﺪ ﻟﲔ‬‫ﻣ‬

10

 ‫ﻀِﺮ‬ ‫ﺏ‬  ‫ﺑِِﻪ ﺍﹾﻥ ﻳ‬

6

Haa Dameer (‫ )ﻩ‬is followed by ‫ء‬

‫ﺪ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬

11

‫ﻪ ﺑِِﻪ‬‫ﺍِﻧ‬

2

Haa Dameer (‫ )ﻩ‬is followed by any character other than ‫ء‬

‫ﺪ ﺻﻠﺔ ﻗﺼﲑﺓ‬‫ﻣ‬

12

‫ﻪ‬‫ ﻗﹸﹾﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﹼـ‬, ‫ﻦ‬‫ﺮﻳ‬‫ﻗﹸﹾﻞ ﺍﻟﹼﺬﹶﻛ‬

6

Hamzah Isthifham (‫ )أ‬is followed by Shaddah

‫ﺪ ﻓﺮﻕ‬‫ﻣ‬

13

‫ﻦ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣﻴ‬‫ ﺍﹸ‬, ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺣﻴ‬

2

 is followed by ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ 

‫ﺪ ﲤﻜﲔ‬‫ﻣ‬

14

‫ﹶﻞ‬‫ ﻗﹶﻴ‬, ‫ﻮﹸﻝ‬‫ﹸﻘ‬‫ ﻳ‬, ‫ﻗﹶﺎﹶﻝ‬

2

Madd (‫ ا‬, ‫ و‬, ‫ )ي‬should not be followed by sukun or Hamzah

ْ ‫ﻣّﺪ ﻃﺒِﻴِْﻌ‬ ‫ﻰ‬

15

14

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﲔ‬ RULES OF HURUF LEEN

‫ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﲔ‬ HURUF LEEN

‫ﻧﻮﻥ ﻗﻄﲏ‬ NOON QUTNI

‫ﻭ‬ َ‫ ـ‬, ‫ﻱ‬  َ‫ـ‬

‫ﺪ ﻟﲔ ﻻﺯﻡ‬‫ﻣ‬ MADD LEEN LAAZIM 1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWED BY TRUE SUKUN 2. READ AS ‫ ﻗﺼﺮ‬OR ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬OR ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬. BUT ‫ ﻃﻮﻝ‬IS BETTER ONLY TWO PLACES ‫ ﻛﻬﻴﻌﺺ‬, ‫ﻋﺴﻖ‬

‫ﺪ ﻟﲔ ﻋﺎﺭﺽ‬‫ﻣ‬ MADD LEEN AARIDH

1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWED BY TEMPORARY SUKUN 2. READ AS ‫ ﻗﺼﺮ‬OR ‫ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬OR ‫ﻃﻮﻝ‬

‫ ﻣﻮﺕ‬, ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬

IF SUKUN APPEARS AFTER TANWEEN, THEN: 1. CHANGE TANWEEN TO KASRAH 2. ADD A NOON WITH KASRAH BETWEEN THEM  ‫ﺰِﺓ ِﻥ ﺍﻟﱠِﺬ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟﹸ‬ ‫ﻱ‬

Exception: 1. IF WE STOP AT TANWEEN, THERE IS NO NOON QUTNI 2. IN ‫ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺧﻼﺹ‬, STOPPING IS BETTER

15

‫ﺼﻠﺔ‬  ‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟ‬ RULES OF SILAH Exception: NO ‫ ﺻﻠﺔ‬BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT ‫ ﻩ‬BUT PART OF THE WORD ITSELF

SILAH MEANS READING ‫ﻩ‬ ELONGATEDLY LIKE ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬

‫ ﻧﻔﻘﻪ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻫﻮﺩ‬ ‫ ﻓﻮﺍﻛﻪ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻣﺆﻣﻨﻮﻥ‬ ‫ ﱂ ﺗﻨﺘﻪ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻣﺮﱘ‬

‫ﻪ ﻟﹶﹸﻜﻢ‬‫ﺿ‬  ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻭﺍ ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺸﹸﻜ‬  ‫ﻭﺇﹾﻥ ﺗ‬ IN SURAH ‫ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺮ‬

IF KASRAH COMES BEFORE ‫ ﻩ‬, READ LIKE ‫ ﻱ‬OF ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﻭ‬ SILAH BIL WAV

IF FATHAH OR DHAMMAH COMES BEFORE ‫ ﻩ‬, READ LIKE ‫ﻭ‬ OF ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣ‬

‫ﺑِِﻪ‬

Exception: IFANYTHING EXCEPT ‫ﻱ‬ WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ‫ ﻩ‬, READ ‫ ﻩ‬WITH DHAMMAH ‫ﻪ‬‫ِﻣﻨ‬

‫ِﻪ‬‫ﻓِﻴ‬ BUT READ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬﺎﻧ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ِﻪ‬‫ ﻓِﻴ‬WITH ELONGATION

‫ﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎﺀ‬ SILAH BIL YAH Exception: DHAMMAH OF ‫ ﻩ‬IS NOT ELONGATED

Exception: IF ‫ ﻱ‬WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ‫ ﻩ‬, READ ‫ ﻩ‬WITH KASRAH BUT WITHOUT ELONGATION

Exception: IF ‫ ﱂ‬APPEARS BEFORE ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬, THEN ‫ ﻱ‬AT THE END WILL BE REMOVED. SO, THERE IS NO ELONGATION ‫ ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻬﻲ‬IS READ AS ‫ﱂ ﻳﻨﺘﻪ‬

‫ﻪ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬

Exception: SUKUN APPEARS ON ‫ ﻩ‬INSTEAD OF KASRAH

Exception: DHAMMAH APPEARS ON ‫ﻩ‬ INSTEAD OF KASRAH

‫ﻪ‬‫ ﺃﺭﺟ‬IN SURAH ‫ﺃﻋﺮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ ﻓﹶﺄﻟﹾِﻘ‬IN SURAH ‫ﳕﻞ‬

‫ﻪ‬‫ﺴﺎﻧِﻴ‬  ‫ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺃﻧ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻛﻬﻒ‬ ‫ﻪ ﺍﷲ‬‫ ﻋﻠﻴ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻓﺘﺢ‬

GENERAL RULE: IF A LETTER WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ‫ﻩ‬, THEN WE WON'T READ ELONGATEDLY 16

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳍﻤﺰﺓ‬ RULES OF HAMZAH

RULES OF HAMZAH

‫ﳘﺰﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ‬ HAMZAH WASL

‫ﳘﺰﺓ ﻗﻄﻊ‬ HAMZAH QATH

1. IF A WORD STARTS WITH SUKUN, WE ADD A HAMZAH TO IT 2. THIS HAMZAH IS TEMPORARY HAMZAH 3. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARS BETWEEN TWO WORDS, THEN IT WILL NOT BE READ

1. THIS HAMZAH IS PART OF THE WORD 2. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARS BETWEEN TWO WORDS, IT WILL BE READ

 ‫ﻓﹶﺎﹾﻃﻠﹸ‬ ‫ﺐ‬

‫ﻢ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺭﺗ‬‫ﹶﺬ‬‫َﺀﺍﹶﻧ‬

IF ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬BEGINS WITH ‫ ﳘﺰﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ‬AND THIRD LETTER OF THE WORD IS FATHAH OR KASRAH, THEN KASRAH IS GIVEN TO HAMZAH

 ‫ ﺍﻓﹾﺘ‬is read as ‫ﺢ‬‫ﺍِﻓﹾﺘ‬ ‫ﺢ‬

IF ‫ ﻓﻌﻞ‬BEGINS WITH ‫ ﳘﺰﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ‬AND THIRD LETTER OF THE WORD IS DHAMMAH, THEN DHAMMAH IS GIVEN TO HAMZAH

‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸﻈ‬‫ ﺍﹾﻧ‬is read as ‫ﺮ‬‫ﹸﻈ‬‫ﺍﹸﻧ‬

IF THE WORD BEGINS WITH DEFINITE ARTICLE ‫ ﺍﻝ‬, THEN FATHAH IS GIVEN TO HAMZAH

IF ‫ ﺍﺳﻢ‬BEGINS WITH ‫ﳘﺰﺓ ﻭﺻﻞ‬, THEN KASRAH IS GIVEN TO HAMZAH

‫ ﺍﳌﹶﺎﹸﻝ‬is read as ‫ﺍﹶﳌﹶﺎﹸﻝ‬

‫ﺭ‬‫ِﻔﹶﻄﺎ‬‫ﺭ ﺍِﻧ‬‫ﺸﺎ‬  ِ‫ﺘ‬‫ﻦ ﺍِﻧ‬‫ِﻦ ﺍِﺑ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺍِﺗ‬

 ‫ ﺍﻟﱠِﺬ‬is read as ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﻱ‬  ‫ﺍﹶﻟﱠِﺬ‬

‫ﹲﺔ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺮﺍﹲﺓ ﺍِﺑ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﻦ ﺍ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻢ ﺍِﺛﹾﻨ‬‫ﺳ‬ِ‫ﺍ‬

17

AMONG TWO WORDS, IF THE FIRST WORD ENDS WITH SUKUN AND THE SECOND WORD STARTS WITH SUKUN

IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN IN THE FIRST WORD IS A MADD LETTER, THIS MADD LETTER IS REMOVED

IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN IN THE FIRST WORD IS NOT A MADD LETTER, THEN READ ‫ﻡ‬ OR ‫ ﻭ‬WITH DHAMMAH

IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN IN THE FIRST WORD IS ‫ ﻥ‬FROM ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻣ‬ [ZAR], READ THE ‫ﻥ‬ WITH FATHAH

IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUN IN THE FIRST WORD IS NOT MADD AND NOT ‫ ﻥ‬FROM ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻣ‬ [ZAR], THEN READ THE SUKUN LETTER WITH KASRAH

‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬  ‫ﻮﺍ ﺍﻟﹾ‬‫ﻭﻗﹶﺎﻟﹸ‬

‫ﻀﻠﻠﹶﹶﺔ‬  ‫ﻭ ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺷﺘ‬ِ‫ﺍ‬

‫ﻦ ﺍﷲ‬‫ِﻣ‬

‫ﹶﻞ‬‫ﻗﹸِﻢ ﺍﻟﱠﻠﻴ‬

EXCEPTION: ‫ ﺍﱠﱂ ﺍﷲ‬IN ‫ ﺳﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻝ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻥ‬SHOULD BE READ WITH FATHAH

18

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻒ‬ RULES OF STOPPING

RULES FOR ENDING A SENTENCE

CHANGE FATHAH OR DHAMMAH OR KASRAH OR DHAMMATAIN OR KASRATAIN TO SUKUN

CHANGE FATHATAIN TO ALIF

CHANGE ‫ ﺓ‬TO ‫ﻩ‬

STOP ‫ﲔ‬  ‫ ﻧﺴﺘﻌ‬AS ‫ﲔ‬  ‫ﻧﺴﺘﻌ‬

STOP ‫ﺪﺍ‬‫ ﺍﺣ‬AS ‫ﺪﺍ‬‫ﺍﺣ‬

STOP ‫ﺼﻠﻮﺓ‬  ‫ ﺍﹶﻟ‬AS ‫ﺼﻠﻮﻩ‬  ‫ﺍﹶﻟ‬

STOP ‫ٍﻢ‬‫ﺭِﺣﻴ‬ ‫ﺏ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ ِﻣ‬AS ‫ﻢ‬‫ﺭِﺣﻴ‬ ‫ﺏ‬  ‫ﺭ‬ ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﻣ‬ NOTATIONS IN HOLY QURAN

MUST STOP O or ‫ ﻩ‬or ‫ ﻡ‬or ‫ﻁ‬ or ‫ ﺳﻜﺔ‬or ‫ﻭﻗﻔﻪ‬

MUST NOT STOP

PREFERRED TO STOP

‫ﻻ‬

‫ﻗﻒ‬

1. ‫ ﺟﱪﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‬STOPPED AT ‫ﺠﻞ‬  ‫ﻭﻗﻒ ﻣﻨ‬ 2. PREFER STOPPING AT ‫ﻭﻗﻒ ﻏﻔﺮﺍﻥ‬ 3. PREFER NON-STOP AT ‫ﻭﻗﻒ ﻛﻔﺮﺍﻥ‬

PREFERRED NON-STOP ‫ ﺯ‬or ‫ﺝ‬-‫ ﺯ‬or ‫ ﻕ‬or ‫ ﺻﻠﻰ‬or ‫ﺻﻞ‬

1. STOP AT ONE :. AND NOT AT ANOTHER :. 2. DIFFERENT OPINION PERSISTS FOR ‫ﻓﻼ‬

STOP AND NON-STOP ARE SAME ‫ ﺝ‬or ‫ ﺹ‬or [‫ﻻ‬ above O or ‫]ﻩ‬

OBSERVE AS PREVIOUS SYMBOL IN THE AAYAH ‫ﻙ‬

GENERAL RULE: 1. WE MUST STOP AT ‫ م‬. IF NOT, THE MEANING WILL CHANGE. 2. FOR NOTATIONS OTHER THAN ‫م‬: IF YOU ARE NOT ABLE TO READ CONTINUOUSLY, YOU CAN STOP AT ANY PLACE. BUT WHILE CONTINUING, WE SHOULD REPEAT ONE OR TWO WORDS PRECEEDING THE PLACE AT WHICH WE STOPPED.

19

‫ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺳﻜﺘﺔ‬ RULES OF SAKTA

SAKTA: STOP THE SOUND BUT DON'T BREAK THE BREATH

‫ ﻋﻮﺟﺎﹰ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻛﻬﻒ‬ ‫ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﻗﺪﻧﺎ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻳﺲ‬ ‫ ﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻗﻴﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻼ ﺑﻞ‬ ‫ ﻛ ﹼ‬IN SURAH ‫ﻣﻄﻔﻔﲔ‬

ACCORDING TO SOME SCHOLARS  ‫ﻫﻠﹶ‬ ‫ﻪ‬‫ﻣﺎﻟِﻴ‬ IN SURAH ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻚ‬

GENERAL RULE: THERE IS NO SAKTA AT THE POINT OF STOPPING

20

‫ﳐﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬ THE PLACES OF ARTICULATION

‫ﳐﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ‬ THE PLACES OF ARTICULATION

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﺎﰲ‬ MOLAR CONSONANT

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ PALATAL CONSONANTS

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻮﻳﺎﻥ‬ UVULAR CONSONANTS

‫ﺍﳋﻴﺸﻮﻡ‬ NASAL CAVITY (NASALIZATION)

‫ﺽ‬

‫ﻱﺵﺝ‬

‫ﻕﻙ‬

‫ﻥﻡ‬

‫ﺟﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻔﻢ‬ ORAL CAVITY (VOWELS)

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ PHARYNGEAL (THROAT) CONSONANTS

‫ﻱﻭﺍ‬

‫ﺃﺩﱏ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ‬ LOWER THROAT

‫ﻭﺳﻂ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ‬ MIDDLE THROAT

‫ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺍﳊﻠﻖ‬ UPPER THROAT

‫ﻍﺥ‬

‫ﻉﺡ‬

‫ﻩﺀ‬

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﻮﻳﺔ‬ LABIAL (LIP) CONSONANTS

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻴﺔ‬ INTER-DENTAL CONSONANTS

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﺜﻮﻳﺔ‬ ALVEO-DENTAL CONSONANTS

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻌﻴﺔ‬ DENTAL CONSONANTS

‫ﺍﳊﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻟﻘﻴﺔ‬ ALVEOLAR CONSONANTS

‫ﻭﻡﻑﺏ‬

‫ﺹﺱﺯ‬

‫ﻅﺫﺙ‬

‫ﻁﺩﺕ‬

‫ﻥﺭﻝ‬

21

22