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47 of 250 DOCUMENTS Copyright 2001 The New York Times Company The New York Times September 27,2001, Thursday, Late Edition - Final

SECTION: Section A; Page 1; Column 5; National Desk LENGTH: 1324 words HEADLINE: A NATION CHALLENGED: THE MILITARY; Generals Given Power to Order Downing of Jets BYLINE: By ERIC SCHMITT DATELINE: CHEYENNE MOUNTAIN, Colo., Sept 26 BODY: President Bush has authorized two midlevel Air Force generals to order commercial airliners that threaten American cities shot down without checking first with him, a senior military officer said today. The senior officer, Gen. Ralph E. Eberhart of the Air Force, the head of the North American Aerospace Defense Command, said in an interview mat such life-or-death decisions would be made by the generals only as a last resort when an attack was seconds away and there was not enough time to consult with General Eberhart, a four-star officer, or the president. Vice President Dick Cheney revealed this month that in the hours after the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, Mr. Bush had ordered the downing of any passenger jets that imperiled Washington. But days after the Sept. 11 hijackings, Mr. Bush, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld and the Joint Chiefs of Staff approved new rales of engagement that reflected the heightened concern over possible new terrorist strikes and how to confront them swiftly, General Eberhart said. Before the attacks there were no formal rules on how the military should deal with an airliner hijacked over the United States, flown by what in essence are suicide bombers. "If there's time, we'd go all the way to the president," said General Eberhart, who also leads the United States Space Command. "Otherwise, the standing orders have been pushed down to the regional level." Maj. Gen. Larry K. Arnold, a two-star officer at Tyndall Air Force Base, Fla., would have that authority for the continental United States. LL Gen. Norton A. Schwartz, a three-star officer at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, would have authority for Alaska. Hawaii is covered by the United States Pacific Command, headed by Adm. Dennis Blair, instead of NORAD. Citing security concerns, General Eberhart declined to sketch a course of events that would result in the decision to down a civilian airliner being made by someone other than the president. The change in the rales of engagement regarding shooting down civilian aircraft is part of the rethinking of the North American Aerospace Defense Command, better known as Norad, which was born during the cold war and has always been oriented toward external threats. For more than 40 years in a bunker deep inside this granite peak, elite Norad specialists with early-warning radars have peered out over America's borders to alert the nation to an incoming enemy air strike.

42 of 250 DOCUMENTS Copyright 2001 Denver Publishing Company Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO) September 28,2001 Friday Final Edition

SECTION: LOCAL; Pg. 39A LENGTH: 310 words HEADLINE: FAA, NOT NORAD, WILL STILL CONTROL AIRLINERS BYLINE: Dick Foster, News Southern Bureau DATELINE: COLORADO SPRINGS BODY: The Federal Aviation Administration, not NORAD, will continue as the primary controller and tracker of domestic airline flights, just as before Sept. 11, NORAD officials emphasized Thursday. Only when the FAA calls upon it for assistance will NORAD become involved in intercepting, and possibly shooting down, a domestic aircraft, officials said. NORAD - the North American Aerospace Defense Command, based in Colorado Springs - monitors the skies to detect possible attacks on the North American continent from the air and space. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld confirmed on Thursday new "rules of engagement" that authorize selected NORAD generals to order fighter planes to shoot down any commercial airliner that poses an imminent threat to U.S. populations. The generals would be authorized to act only if the secretary of defense or the president were unavailable to make the decision, Rumsfeld said. "These would be used only as a last resort in extraordinary life-or-death circumstances when there was not enough time to contact the national command authorities," NORAD spokesman Maj. Barry Venable said. The two NORAD generals allowed to give shoot-down orders are Maj. Gen. Larry K. Arnold, stationed at Tyndall Air Force Base in Panama City, Fla., and Lt. Gen. Norton A. Schwartz, at Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska. Arnold commands NORAD's Continental Air Region, covering the lower 48 states and divided into three airdefense sectors. Schwartz is commander of the Alaska Air Region. Venable said passenger safety has not been compromised by the new rules of engagement. "Any NORAD aircraft responding to any emergency employs a very stringent and ordered set of options, from passive to lethal," Venable said. "We employ that graduated response on all occasions, and will resort to lethal means only as a last resort." NOTES: TAKING ON TERROR LOAD-DATE: September 29,2001

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a ABC News Transcripts September 11, 2002 Wednesday Copyright 2002 American Broadcasting Companies, Inc. ABC News Transcripts SHOW: GOOD MORNING AMERICA (07:00 AM ET) - ABC September 11, 2002 Wednesday LENGTH: 3618 words HEADLINE: MORNING NEWS BODY: DIANE SAWYER, ABC NEWS We have more news, of course, overnight and for that we go to Robin Roberts at the news desk. Robin. ROBIN ROBERTS, ABC NEWS (Off Camera) All right, Diane. Good morning again, everyone. We begin with the ceremony to honor the heroes of flight 93. ROBIN ROBERTS (CONTINUED) (Voice Over) Thousands have made their way to rural Pennsylvania where the plane carrying 40 passengers and crew went down one year ago. At six minutes after 10, the moment the plane crashed, a bell will toll and the names of the victims will be read. graphics: THIS MORNING: SHANKSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA ROBIN ROBERTS (Voice Over) The rest of the world is remembering the heroes and victims also of September 11th. Beginning hours ago in New Zealand and going time zone to time zone, choirs around the globe honor the victims with Mozart's Requiem. graphics: THIS MORNING: AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND ROBIN ROBERTS (Voice Over) And in Bagram, Afghanistan, soldiers on duty placed the American flag at half-staff to remember those who died a year ago today. graphics: THIS MORNING: BAGRAM AIR BASE, AFGHANISTAN ROBIN ROBERTS (Voice Over) Allied forces in Eastern Afghanistan say that during a two day operation they seized rifles, rocket launchers and other weapons and captured nine Al Qaeda suspects. One is described as a financier to the terrorist organization, and another is called a high value target who contributed to last year's attacks. graphics: THIS MORNING: BERMEL VALLEY, AFGHANISTAN ROBIN ROBERTS

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Code One Magazine: Conversation With 1st Air Force Commander, Maj. Gen. Larry Arn... Page 1 of 7

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Conversation With Major General Larry Arnold, Commander, 1st Air Force, Tyndall AFB, Florida The mission of the North American Aerospace Defense Command, or NORAD, formerly involved tracking and monitoring all aircraft entering the borders of the United States and Canada. Since the 11 September terrorists attacks, that mission has expanded to include tracking and monitoring aircraft flying within the United States. While the Federal Aviation Administration still remains responsible for domestic airspace, NORAD forces now respond to FAA requests to assist with any threatening or hostile aircraft. To meet this expanded air defense mission, NORAD employs over 100 aircraft in a high state of alert or in combat air patrol sorties over selected areas of the United States. These missions will continue as long as the Secretary of Defense deems necessary.

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In addition to employing more aircraft, NORAD has taken other measures to cover this expanded mission, such as maintaining continuous communications with the FAA, obtaining comprehensive access to FAA radar data, and positioning radar to combat new threats. When the United Stated invoked Article 5 of the NATO charter after the September attacks (a historical first), NATO AWACS aircraft became available to assist US AWACS to enhance NORAD's capability further. The commander of the Continental United States NORAD Region, Maj. Gen. Larry Arnold, plays a vital role in Homeland Defense and in Noble Eagle, the name of the military operation designed to respond to the terrorist attacks. As the commander of 1 st Air Force for Air Combat Command, he provides the forces necessary for the unilateral defense of the United States.

A combined 1st Air Force command post and CONUS NORAD Region Air Operations Center perform the NORAD air sovereignty mission for the continental United States. Located at Tyndall AFB, Florida, 1st Air Force has been an Air Combat Command organization since 1993. Its subordinate units are located throughout the continental United States. With the transfer of responsibility for continental air defense from the active duty component of the Air Force to the Air National Guard in 1997, 1st Air Force became the first numbered air force to be composed primarily of citizen airmen. Maj. Gen. Arnold is a command pilot with more than 4,000 flying hours in nine different aircraft, including the F-16 and the F-15. Code One editor Eric Hehs interviewed Arnold at Tyndall last December. How have your responsibilities changed since 11 September? Before 11 September, we were more concerned with air sovereignty than with air defense. That is, we were more concerned with who was entering or exiting our borders than we were with protecting those borders against military threats. Our emphasis on the air defense role started

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4/30/03