T7 B7 John Raidt Work Files- Questions Fdr- 2 Drafts- Team 7 Commercial Aviation And Transportation Security Work Plan 713

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COMMERCIAL AVIATION AND TRANSPORTATION SECURITY TEAM WORK PLAN

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ART ONE: KEY QUESTIONS

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1. Prior to September 11, 2001, what did the U.S. aviation security system know about terrorist threats to civil aviation? How did the different elements of the system respond to any such information in their possession? ' v ' s*' D " 11) c 2. What aviation security policies and procedures were in effect as of September 11, 2001? How did these measures comply with relevant laws and regulations? 3. What tactics and weapons did the 9/11 hijackers use to defeat the aviation security system and procedures in place on September 11, 2001? What was the cause of the security .failure or failures on that date: flaws in the design of the procedures; in the transmittal N<0\^J(including dissemination and training); in the implementation; some combination; or \t^ \*fjj some other factor or factors? 4. What were the major policy and budgetary priorities for civil aviation security prior to 9/11/01? How was security prioritized among other aviation policy considerations? How did the financing of the aviation security system impact that system? What has changed with respect to civil aviation security policies and iprocedures since 9/11/01? What further improvements are needed (including consideration of arming commercial aviation and other pilots; "trusted traveler" and "trusted shipper" programs; CAPPS II and other individual profiling systems; background checks on transportation employees; missile defense for civilian aircraft; and regulation of flight schools)?

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6. Considering all transportation modes, what are our greatest security vulnerabilities in priority order? How are such risks determined at present, and how should they be determined? What should be the budgetary and policy priorities across all transportation modes? PART TWO: BRIEFING PLAN COMMISSIONERS READING LIST Congressional Research Service, Port and Maritime Security: Background and Issues for Congress, February 5, 2003, 27 pages. Congressional Research Service, Terrorism Briefing Book Summary on "Aviation Security" March 2003, 7 pages. General Accounting Office, testimony before Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and ^Transportation, "Transportation Security Administration Faces Immediate andLong-Term Challenges," July 25, 2002, 28 pages. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs Hearing on "Weak Links: How Should the Federal Government Manage Airline Passenger and Baggage ScreeningT September 25, 2001, 165 pages. See especially prepared testimony of FAA (pp. 65-73); DOT Inspector General (pp. 74-86); GAO (pp. 87-104); Robert Baker, American Airlines (pp. 105-108); Paul Busick (pp. 109-114); and Leonard Griggs, Director of Airports for St. Louis (pp. 115-124).

Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs Hearing on "Riding the Rails: How Secure Is Our Passenger and Transit Infrastructure?" December 13,2001, 136 pages. See especially prepared testimony of Federal Transit Administration (pp. 52-59); Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (pp. 60-74); and Amtrak (pp. 81-85). Final Report of White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security ("Gore Commission"), 1997. See especially "Chapter Three: Improving Security for Travelers" and "Appendix I: Commissioner Cummock Dissent Letter." Also, DOT Status Report on White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security ("One Year Later"), February 1998, 11 pages. Timelines for Hijacked 9/11/01 Flights at hyperlinks to relevant media accounts). BRIEFERS FOR

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Secretary Norman Mineta, DOT (public briefing) Admiral James Loy, TSA (public briefing) Kenneth Mead, DOT Inspector General (public briefing) Ray Kelly, Customs Service and Gore Commission member (public or private briefing) Gerald Dillingham, GAO Director of Physical Infrastructure Issues (public or private briefing) Robert Baker, American Airlines and Mineta Task Force member (public or private briefing) Carol Hallett, former President, ATA (public or private briefing) Stephen Flynn, Coast Guard and Council on Foreign Relations fellow (public or private briefing) PART THREE: KEY DOCUMENT CATEGORIES (in descending order of priority) 1. Airport and Air Carrier Security Plans for Dulles, Logan and Newark airports, and representative sample of others, pre- and post- 9/11 (TSA, FAA, relevant airport authorities and airlines) 2. "After action" reports on 9/11 hijackings and immediate agency response (FAA, TSA, other DOT, DOD, White House) 3. Flight recorder transcripts for 9/11/01 hijacked flights (FAA, TSA, NTSB); Air Traffic Services Cell (ATSC) reports on 9/11/01 communications between FAA and DOD (FAA, TSA); Flight Controller records on tracking of and communications with hijacked planes (FAA); transcripts and other records of cockpit communications from hijacked planes (FAA, TSA); transcripts and other records of 9/11/01 phone calls from Flight 11 attendants Ong and Sweeney (American Airlines); transcripts and other records of any other 9/11/01 phone calls or other communications from passengers or crew on hijacked planes (FAA, TSA, American Airlines, United Airlines); videotapes and any other material (including logs, records and incident reports) about hijackers from airport and airline security systems (FAA, TSA, American Airlines, United Airlines, security chiefs from Dulles, Logan and Newark Airports; 9/11/01 screening companies for Dulles, Logan and Newark) 4. Relevant TSA, FAA and DOT civil aviation security rules and regulations, pre- and post9/11 (DOT, TSA, FAA) 5. Civil aviation security procedural and training materials for passenger and baggage screening, access to aircraft and secure areas of airports, and airplane hijackings, 2001present (FAA, TSA)

6. Modal administrations' circulars and other communications on terrorist threats, 1995present (FAA, ISA, FT A, Coast Guard, etc.) 7. Executive Orders on transportation security, 1985-present (White House) 8. "Gore Commission" Final Report, and latest update (White House, DOT, TSA) 9. Administration requests and Congressional actions on aviation security program budgets, 1995-present (OMB, CBO) 10. Threat and vulnerability assessments for airports (FAA, TSA), ports (Coast Guard) and mass transit systems (Federal Transit Administration) PART FOUR: PROPOSED STAFF INTERVIEWS (in descending order of priority) Kenneth Mead, DOT IG (federal response to transportation security threats pre- and post- 9/11) Mike Canavan, former Assoc. Admin., Civil Aviation Security (immediate lead-up and aftermath of 9/11) O.K. Steele, former Assoc. Admin., Civil Aviation Security (evolution of aviation security system) RAdm. Paul Busick, former Dir. Intell and Security for DOT (evolution of transportation security system) Adm. James Loy, TSA Administrator (same as for Mead) Airline and Airport Security Officials for Dulles, Logan and Newark (9/11 events vs. current system) Flight Controllers who tracked hijacked 9/11/01 flights Representative of Air Traffic Services Cell (re 9/11/01 communications between FAA and NORAD) 9/11 Victims/Family representatives Key stakeholder representatives (airports, pilots, flight attendants, etc.) Congressional staff for Appropriations, Senate Commerce and House Transportation Committees Secretary Norm Mineta, DOT (same as for Mead) Gerald Dillingham, GAO (same as for Mead) OMB Associate Director responsible for transportation security (transportation security budgeting) Jane Garvey, former head of FAA (aviation security system response to pre- and post- 9/11 threats) Jim Hall, former NTSB and Gore Commission (work and implementation of Gore Commission) Bartholomew Elias, CRS Specialist on Aviation Security (current aviation security issues and options) Cathleen Berrick, GAO Dir. Homeland Security (current transportation security issues and options) Bogdan Dzakovic, FAA/TSA whistleblower (agency administrative shortcomings) Lynn Osmus, former Dir. FAA Civil Aviation Security (evolution of transportation security system) Joe Lawless, MA Ports Authority and former head of security for Logan (airport perspective) Brian Jenkins, Kroll Associates (aviation security/terrorism expert) John Hamre, former DOD and now head of CSIS (DOD preparation for 9/11-type scenarios) Mary Schiavo, former DOT IG and now attorney for 9/11 families (shortcomings in fed. Security efforts) John Fritelli, CRS Specialist on Maritime Security (current port security issues and options) Trixie Johnson, Research Dir. Mineta Transportation Institute (transit and rail security issues)

TEAM 7 (COMMERCIAL AVIATION AND TRANSPORTATION SECURITY) WORK PL AN PART ONE: KEY QUESTIONS 1. Between June 22, 2001 (date of a relevant FAA security circular) and September 11, 2001, what did the FAA know about: a) security threats to civil aviation; b) threats from al-Qaeda; and c) information on the 9/11 hijackers? What did the airports and airlines know from the FAA, and other sources, about these subjects? How did the FAA, airports and airlines respond to the information in their possession? 2. What civil aviation security procedures were in effect in the period between the enrollment of the 9/11 hijackers in flight schools and the grounding of civil aviation on September 11, 2001 at Dulles, Logan and Newark airports; American and United airlines; and flights AA 11, AA 77, UA 93 and UA 175? What relevant policies and procedures were in effect within the Department of Defense during the same period? Did all of the above policies and procedures comply with relevant aviation security laws and regulations? 3. What tactics and weapons did the 9/11 hijackers use to defeat the aviation security system and procedures in place on September 11, 2001? What was the cause of the security failure or failures on that date: flaws in the design of the procedures; in the transmittal (including dissemination and training); in the implementation; some combination; or some other factor or factors? 4. How was the civil aviation security system in place on 9/11/01 financed, and how did that impact the governance, design, efficacy and operation of the system? What has changed since then with respect to system financing and governance and what have been the results? What further changes, if any. should be considered? 5. With respect to budgets and policy focus, what were the major priorities for civil aviation security prior to 9/11/01: of the Congress; of the Executive Branch; of the airports; and of the airlines? How was security prioritized among other aviation policy considerations? What about since 9/11/01 ? Are these the right priorities? 6. What has changed with respect to civil aviation security procedures since September 11, 2001':* What further improvements are needed? 7. Looking at the entire field of aviation security, how does the security of civil aviation compare to General Aviation and Air Cargo? How do you measure this, and how should it be measured? Is the current budget and policy focus for all aviation security the optimal one? If not, how should these priorities be reordered? 8. With respect to transportation modes other than civil aviation, how was the security system in place on 9/11/01 financed, and how did that impact the governance, design, efficacy and operation of the system? What has changed since then with respect to system financing and governance and what have been the results? What further changes, if any, should be considered? 9. Considering all transportation modes, what are our greatest security vulnerabilities in priority order? Is the current budget and policy focus for security measures among the various modes the optimal one? If not, how should transportation security priorities be re-ordered? 10. What are the status, costs and benefits of various transportation security measures that are being implemented or considered, including: arming commercial aviation and other pilots; "trusted traveler" and "trusted shipper" programs for various transportation modes; CAPPS II and other individual profiling systems; transportation security research and development; background checks on transportation employees; remote inspection of cargo; and missile defense for civilian aircraft?

PART TWO: BRIEFING PLAN COMMISSIONERS READING LIST 9/11/01 Airport and Air Carrier Security Plans for Dulles International, Boston Logan and Newark International airports (to be obtained). Daniel Benjamin and Steven Simon, The Age of Sacred Terror, 2002. See especially Bojinka conspiracy (pp. 20-26); Clinton Administration response on aviation security (pp. 247-250); FBI awareness of threats to aviation (pp. 298-299). Congressional Research Service, Selected Aviation Security Legislation in the Aftermath of the September 11 Attack," November 11, 2001, 29 pages. See especially Table 1: Side-by-side Comparison of Selected Provisions from Aviation Security Legislation" (pp. 10-29). Congressional Research Service, Port and Maritime Security: Background and Issues for Congress. February 5, 2003, 27 pages. Congressional Research Service, Terrorism Briefing Book Summary on "Aviation Security." March 2003, 7 pages. General Accounting Office, testimony before Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, "Transportation Security Administration Faces Immediate and Long-Term Challenges," July 25, 2002, 28 pages. General Accounting Office, Vulnerabilities and Potential Improvements for the Air Cargo System, December 2002. (on order). Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs Hearing on ''Weak Links: How Should the Federal Government Manage Airline Passenger and Baggage Screening!" September 25,2001, 165 pages. See especially prepared testimony of FAA (pp. 65-73); DOT Inspector General (pp. 74-86); GAO (pp. 87104); Robert Baker, American Airlines (pp. 105-108); Paul Busick (pp. 109-114); and Leonard Griggs, Director of Airports for St. Louis (pp. 115-124). Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs Hearing on "Riding the Rails: How Secure Is Our Passenger and Transit Infrastructure?" December 13, 2001, 136 pages. See especially prepared testimony of Federal Transit Administration (pp. 52-59); Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (pp. 60-74); and Amtrak (pp. 81-85). Final Report of White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security ("Gore Commission"). 1997. Chapter Three: Improving Security for Travelers. Also, DOT Status Report on White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security ("One Year Later"), February 1998, 11 pages. Timelines for 9/11 Flights at http ://\v\vw .coopcrativcrcscarch. org/ BRIEFERS FOR

COMMISSIONERS

Secretary Norman Mineta, DOT (public briefing) Admiral James Loy, TSA (public briefing) Kenneth Mead, DOT Inspector General (public briefing) Ray Kelly, Customs Service and Gore Commission member (public or private briefing) Gerald Dillingham, GAO Director of Physical Infrastructure Issues (public or private briefing) Robert Baker, American Airlines and Mineta Task Force member (public or private briefing) Carol Hallett, former President, ATA (public or private briefing) Stephen Flynn, Coast Guard and Council on Foreign Relations fellow (public or private briefing)

PART THREE: KEY AGENCY DOCUMENT CATEGORIES 1. Airport and Air Carrier Security Plans for Dulles. Logan and Newark airports, and representative sample of others, pre- and post- 9/11 (TSA, FAA) 2. Relevant TSA, FAA and DOT rules and regulations, pre- and post- 9/11 (DOT, TSA, FAA) 3. Agency reports, internal memos and other materials on 9/11 hijackings and immediate agency response (FAA, TSA, other DOT, DOD, White House) 4. Transportation security agencies' procedural and training materials, 1995-present (DOT, DHS and relevant components thereof) 5. Transportation security budget information, 1995-present (OMB, DOT, DHS, CBO) 6. Flight recorder transcripts for 9/11 hijacked flights (FAA, TSA, NTSB) 7. Modal administrations' circulars and other communications on terrorist threats, 1995-present (FAA, TSA, FTA, Coast Guard, etc.) 8. Executive Orders on transportation security, 1985-present (White House) 9. Relevant portions of Joint Inquiry report (Congressional Intelligence Committees) 10. "Gore Commission" Final Report, and latest update (DOT, TSA) 11. Relevant GAO Reports and Testimony (GAO) 12. Relevant DOT IG Reports and Testimony (DOT IG) 13. Relevant CRS Reports and other documents (CRS) 14. Relevant Public Laws, with legislative history (CRS) 15. Relevant hearings by Senate Committees on Commerce and Governmental Affairs, and House Committee on Transportation 16. Relevant judicial records (including U.S. v. Ramzi Ahmed Yousef, et al) (CRS) PART FOUR: PROPOSED STAFF INTERVIEWS Secretary Norm Mineta, DOT (federal response to transportation security threats pre- and post- 9/11) Adm. James Loy, TSA Administrator (same as for Mineta) Kenneth Mead, DOT IG (same as for Mineta) Gerald Dillingham, GAO (same as for Mineta) OMB Associate Director responsible for transportation security (transportation security budgeting) Jane Garvey, former head of FAA (aviation security system response to pre- and post- 9/11 threats) Mike Canavan, former Assoc. Admin., Civil Aviation Security (immediate lead-up and aftermath of 9/11) O.K. Steele, former Assoc. Admin., Civil Aviation Security (evolution of aviation security system) RAdm. Paul Busick, former Dir. Intell and Security for DOT (evolution of transportation security system) Jim Hall, former NTSB and Gore Commission (work and implementation of Gore Commission) Congressional staff for Appropriations, Senate Commerce and House Transportation Committees Bartholomew Elias, CRS Specialist on Aviation Security (current aviation security issues and options) John Fritelli, CRS Specialist on Maritime Security (current port security issues and options) Cathleen Berrick, GAO Dir. Homeland Security (current transportation security issues and options) Trixie Johnson, Research Dir. Mineta Transportation Institute (transit and rail security issues) Airline and Airport Security Officials for Dulles, Logan and Newark (9/11 events vs. current system) Bogdan Dzakovic, FAA/TSA whistleblower (agency administrative shortcomings) Lynn Osmus, former Dir. FAA Civil Aviation Security (evolution of transportation security system) Joe Lawless, MA Ports Authority and former head of security for Logan (airport perspective) Brian Jenkins, Kroll Associates (aviation security/terrorism expert) John Hamre, former DOD and now head of CSIS (DOD preparation for 9/11-type scenarios) Mar} Schiavo, former DOT IG and now attorney for 9/11 families (shortcomings in fed. Security efforts) 9/11 Victims/Family representatives Key stakeholder representatives (airports, pilots, flight attendants, shippers, etc.)