SUBHIKSHA CRM‐PRM PROJECT REPORT
Submitted to
Prof. Neeraj Dwivedi IIM Indore
Submitted by: PGCRM Batch ‐01 Bindu Rathore CAF No. 60606080399 Manoj Singh CAF No. 60603080341 Samrat Navneet CAF No. 60602080322
Table of Contents
The Indian Retail Industry Scenario: ................................................................................... 3 Subhiksha: Company Introduction: .................................................................................... 4 Business Vision & Mission ................................................................................................... 4 Product Portfolios: .............................................................................................................. 5 The expansion: .................................................................................................................... 6 The People: ......................................................................................................................... 6 The Positioning: .................................................................................................................. 7 The Retail Strategy: ............................................................................................................. 7 Environment Analysis: ........................................................................................................ 8 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis: .............................................................................................. 8 Internal Analysis: ................................................................................................................. 9 Competitive Analysis: ........................................................................................................ 11 SWOT Analysis: ................................................................................................................. 13 Reasons for failure of Subhiksha: ..................................................................................... 14 References: ....................................................................................................................... 16
The Indian Retail Industry Scenario: On the basis of a report published by the India Retail Forum, the Organized retail accounted for Rs 55,000 crore (about $12.4 billion) in the year 2006 and still its just about only 4.6% of the total Indian Retail Value that was about Rs 12,00,000 crore ($270 billion). It means that the major portion of the Indian Retail market is in unorganized retail unlike USA where everything is mainly organized retail. However organized retail in India is expected to grow at a rapid rate of about 37% and 42% in 2007 and 2008 respectively.
Of the last years $270 billion of Retail Value, the major portion was dominated by Food and Grocery Retail which was about 60% of the value (about $160 billion). However in the food and Grocery retail more than 99% of the market is dominated by the neighborhood Kirana Stores (Mom and Pop Stores) It is expected that the organized retail will add over Rs 2,00,000 crore (about $ 45 billion) by the year 2010.
Indian organized retail industry.
Subhiksha: Company Introduction: Subhiksha which means prosperity in Sanskrit was one of the largest retail value chain in India (in terms of no. of stores) with 1600 outlets selling groceries, fruits, vegetables, medicines and mobile phones.
Entering into the Retail Scenario 10 years ago : The history of Subhiksha dates back to the year 1997 when Mr R. Subramanian thought of the idea of entering into the Retail Industry in India. Back then in India Retail industry was almost a non existent one. India was characterized basically by small mom and pop retail stores also known in the local parlance as "Kirana" Stores.(Interview With R. Subramanium, see reference) They were very small stores catering to a very small nearby locality. Subhiksha Store Kirana Local Store
Business Vision & Mission Vision‐ “To emerge as the largest retailer in the 'Food Grocery Pharmacy' segment in all the geographical regions we operate from”. Mission‐ to deliver consistently better value to Indian consumers, has guided Subhiksha to deliver savings to all consumers on each and every item that they need in their daily lives, 365 days a year, without any compromise on quality of goods purchased.
The logo of Subhiksha portrays that it’s the right of an average Indian to save money and its Subhiksha that helps him in achieving this.
Product Portfolios: Supermarket: Includes quality groceries, packaged foods, cosmetics and toiletries, household provisions, etc
Fruits and Vegetables: Includes fresh fruits and vegetables sourced directly from farms on city outskirts by Subhiksha and made available to the consumers at very reasonable prices. Consumers get fresh produce at best prices Pharmacy: Subhiksha stores generally have a in store pharmacy which stores mostly basic medicines. All medicines are made available to consumers at a flat 10% discount
Telecom: Subhiksha is recently forayed into mobile retailer business and offers handsets, recharge cards and accessories from all leading cell phone manufacturers’ at lower prices
The expansion: ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾
In March 1997 Opening of the first retail store in Chennai, with 5 lacs Initial investment. March 99‐14 stores in Chennai June 2000‐ 50 stores in Chennai, ICICI ventures joins Subhiksha June 2002‐ 120 stores in whole of Tamil Nadu June 2006‐420 Stores in other big states in India namely Gujarat, Delhi, Mumbai, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. ¾ Feb 2007‐500 stores across country ¾ Dec 2007‐ 1000 stores across India ¾ October 2008‐ 1600 stores across India
The People: 1) Chairman ‐R Subramanian (IIM‐A Alumnus) 2) Ms.Rama Bijapurkar (IIM‐A Alumnus),Board of Director 3) Mr. Kannan Srinivasan (a professor of marketing at Carnegie Mellon University’s Tepper School of Business),Board of Director 4) Mr. S.B. Mathur, former LIC Chairman, 5) Ms. Renuka Ramnath, Managing Director of ICICI Venture 6) Ms. Rajeev Bakshi, Deputy Managing Director of ICICI Venture and a former CEO of PepsiCo India. 7) Mr. Ajem Premij as Board member
The Positioning: Subhiksha made an extensive research on customer behavior and found that offering the branded goods at a lower price than their competitors could make them stand in the competitive retail industry. ¾ Low Prices :Subhiksha Positioned itself as Value Retail Chain /Discount Retail Chain with theme as “why pay more when you can get for less” ¾ Trust : Subhiksha’s name inspires trust and its consumers rely on it through all times to deliver larger savings as compared to any other retail chain or stand alone mom and pop stores. ¾ Savings : focuses on the concept of constantly sustainable low pricing so that regular customers see the same low prices month after month (below MRP) and are able to buy with the assurance that they stand to save on any given basket of household goods on any day.
The Retail Strategy: Subhiksha focuses on two factors for its model. These are called the two C's: 1. Criticality of Cost. 2. Convenience of Buying The following points will make it much clearer as to how Subhiksha is integrating all that it has to achieve the above 2 C’s:
¾ Opening a chain of no‐frills stores‐no air‐conditioning, no fancy lighting, and no touch‐ and‐feel experience (customers have to ask for products at Subhiksha stores)‐was a deliberate strategy. ¾ Their approach combines the local low‐overhead front‐end of Indian kirana shops with the efficient supply chain of a large retailer. ¾ Their USP is a Walmart‐style everyday‐low‐price (5‐10% less than MRP and/or their nearest competitor), enabled by combining centralized buying and an efficient supply chain, with their simple (and inexpensive) store format. ¾ Subhiksha follow an Every Day Low Price Scheme (ELDP) where they offer the lowest prices every single day of the year on almost everything that is sold from the stores. ¾ Shops are located not on the main road, but just off it, to take advantage of vastly lower rentals. ¾ The catchment area of customers is rarely beyond a two‐km radius, since its customers usually come on two‐wheelers or on foot.
Environment Analysis: External Analysis Political : PoliticalA stable government at the Centre should facilitate speedy economic recovery and create an encouraging investment climate Economical: India is one of the fastest growing economies (~ 6‐6.5% GDP gwth rate).Total retail trade in India in 2004 was USD 286 billion which is expected to rise bu 300 bn by 2010. Social: There is Increase in Nuclear Families and people are looking for convenient stores rather than destination stores for grocery and pharmacy related products at reasonable prices. Technological: Companies are in using tools and technologies that will help them in reducing operational costs, better customer service, minimize shrinkages by maintaining just in time and accurate inventories.
Porter’s Five Forces Analysis: ¾ Potential Entrants: A strong possibility of potential entrants is there but understanding of Indian consumer is really difficult which restricts the multinationals in expanding at local level and local retailers at National level. ¾ Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The Power of suppliers is not very dominant in India. ¾ Bargaining Power of Customers : A strong Bargaining power of customers, unless they are very loyal. ¾ Potential Substitutes : Exist but lack a strong value proposition
Internal Analysis: Subhiksha: The neighborhood store : With establishing a vast network of relatively small stores it wants to establish itself as a neighborhood store where people can do shopping on a daily basis thus providing both convenience and cost benefit to its consumers. Small Store/ Cost saving The belief of Subhiksha is to set up non – air conditioned small neighborhood stores measuring around 2000 sq ft. It is because of this that Subhiksha is able to compete with the big retail stores on the regular discounts and also compete with the traditional “father and son” or “mom and pop” stores on the close proximity to the customers.
Everyday low price system (ELDP) : In Subhiksha the discounts are not restricted to specific days and specific items as prevalent in other retail formats. Subhiksha follow an Every Day Low Price Scheme (ELDP) where they offer the lowest prices every single day of the year on almost everything that is sold from the stores.
Combination of Discount model and Carpet Bombing model
Apart from being a good discount store another aim of Subhiksha is to be in close proximity to its consumers and aim for a greater penetration in all markets where they operate. This strategy being followed by Subhiksha is driven by the fact that it is not a destination store but Subhiksha is a frequent shopping location for the daily household needs of the consumers. Lower Infrastructure cost Subhiksha has small stores which do not allow the customers to browse and shop like the other retailers in the market. Subhiksha feels that for buying grocery or cosmetics, the customers look for a quick purchase rather than the shopping experience. It is a no frill store. Subhiksha has positioned itself as a store for the "Value Conscious" customer. It is a functional and a transaction oriented shop
Lease rental system for stores This gives Subhiksha a greater control on the operations given that they will not have to incur additional expenses on the franchise and this system makes them able to keep costs low.
Centralized Purchasing Another thing what Subhiksha is doing for cost reduction is of Centralized purchasing for a large number of stores. This gives them a greater bargaining power and which helps them in getting greater discounts from the manufacturers and which they pass on to the consumers .
Supply Chain and Inventory turnover efficiency This was implemented in Subhiksha to make its model more efficient in inventory and supply chain management and offering low prices to the consumers.
Marketing Communication: Subhiksha focused on the use of Television commercials, Press, Radio and Outdoor activities for communicating the marketing message of the company. Introduction of Subhiksham Card An integral use of IT in Subhiksha is the introduction of Subhiksham cards for its consumers. These cards are issued to customers of Subhiksha who get additional discount every time they swipe the card at Subhiksha after making a purchase. Implementation of Home delivery System Introduction of Subhiksham card has also made way for better services to customers in the form of Home Delivery. Establishment of an Online retail System Subhiksha had entered into the field of online retailing back in the year 1999. Use of Information Technology Use of Bar code system , Development of its own intelligence system , Wireless retail solution and Implementation of SAP contributed towards success.
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Competitive Analysis: Subhiksha earlier was a regional player which was situated mostly in the southern India but later on with the growth in the company, it started spreading at a national level to many cities all over India.
Competitors at the National level for Subhiksha.
S.No
Brand Name
Outlet type
Level of operation
Ownership
1 2 3 4
Spencers Reliance Fresh Food Baazar More
Supermarkets Supermarket Supermarkets Supermarkets
National National National National
RPGroup Reliance Group Future Group Aditya Birla
Competitors at the Regional level for Subhiksha.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Dfi Group Food world
Supermarkets
Nilgiri’s
Supermarkets
South India South India South India
Trinethra
Supermarkets
Fabmall
Supermarkets
Spar
Supermarkets Supermarkets
Fab mall India Ltd
Tamil Nadu
The Trinetra Group
Mumbai
Spar India Ltd
Western India Adanis
Nilgiri’s Franchisee Pvt Ltd
Adani Group
Competitive Analysis: Key Elements
Subhiksha
Neighborhood stores
Pantaloo ns Food Bazaar
RPG Spencer Super stores
Reliance Fresh Stores
Trinetra /More
Connivance
yes
yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Store Location
2 km in radius
1 km in radius
15 km in radius
NA
Product Range
Grocery, Perishables , Pharma Mobiles
Grocery Perishables
Grocery Perishabl es
Grocery Perishables Apparels
Grocery Perishable s
Grocery Perishables
Prices
5 ‐10% low than MRP
MRP
Less then MRP
MRP
MRP
MRP
Positioning
Discount store
Pop n mom Store
Discount /value store
Quality store
Quality
Convenient
Store Format
No touch n No touch n feel feel offered offered
Touch n feel offered
Touch n feel offered
Touch n feel offered
Touch n feel offered
Brand Image
Low Pricing
Trust & Relationship
Low price and best quality
Quality
Fresh Quality at reasonabl e prices
Convenient store
Quality
Poor
Poor
Ok
Good
Poor
Ok
Strengths
Everyday low prices 365 days
Customer relationship & credit provided
Strong financial support, huge assortme nt
Strong financial support, huge assortment
Strong financial support, fresh stock added
Local presence
SWOT Analysis:
Strengths
Weakness
9 Combination of Discount model and 9 9 9 9
Carpet Bombing model Strong Top management team High Customer base High Brand Value Use of Information Technology
Lack of expertise in Indian Retail environment Low grade lower management team Strategy of debt‐led Rapid expansion on a small equity base Long time taken in IT Implementation No funds for operating expenses
Opportunities
Threats
¾ Economic uncertainty and Recession ¾ Strong Competitors at National and Regional Level ¾ Price war and shrinking margins ¾ Risk in Retailing and rapid expansion
¾ World's most lucrative retail market ¾ Heavy Investment industry from FII’s and Venture Funds ¾ Huge No. of customers
Reasons for failure of Subhiksha: The management has committed some eventual mistakes which have led the company towards the downward position. The first and big mistake committed by the management of Subhiksha is expanding the number of stores rapidly without sufficient funds in hand. They thought of raising equity during last September but the things had gone too far before they woke up. The global markets were stated collapsing and there were no possible chances of raising funds. . Consequently, in the October, 2008 the company ran out of enough funds to run the organization. Thereafter, Subhiksha has been continuously besieged by a set of problems from all sides. 1. Over expenditure on Advertising: Subhiksha Trading Services has come under fire from television channels for not clearing advertising dues that run around Rs 8 crore. 2. Over expenditure on Wages and Rent : Subhiksha is believed to owe Rs 35 crore against goods, Rs 18 crore against wages, and Rs 20 crore against lease rents. The company, according to the report, is also carrying a debt of Rs 700 crore at an average interest cost of 12 per cent per annum. 3. Expansion of Stores without adequate system control and IT Support: That’s why there was a huge Audit and abnormal losses in the system. And when they have started implement ion of SAP the time has gone for survival of Subhiksha. 4. Government Intervention : Maharashtra FDA, the state government’s regulatory authority for food and drugs, had asked Subhiksha to suspend operations of its warehouses at Bhiwandi (Mumbai) for 20 days as well as had cancelled licences of three of its vendors, charging that they had failed to maintenance health and hygiene norms as prescribed by the regulator. 5. Supplier Bargaining Power : Many wholesale suppliers in Azadpur subzi mandi, or vegetables market, have stopped supplying fruits and vegetables to Subhiksha’s outlets in the National Capital Region (NCR) surrounding the national capital. This comes in the wake of the company holding up payments for two to six months against normal credit period of one month. 6. Lack of strong HR policy and Staff‐‐‐ Due to this Shubiksha was not able to retain the talent which he initially bring into Junior, Middle and high level management. Whatever was remaining with it is all family bound with no commitment policy.
7. Huge Rental and Lease Bills : They were paying huge rentals for these stores, which was a huge drain on the company's finances.. There are huge frauds while entering in to rental agreements by their own management people. There was no proper check and control on this cost though this is a very crucial part to defeat competitors and to gain profitability in future. This, coupled with less than‐expected footfalls, drove the operational costs to unsustainable levels. 8. The wrong assumption that telecom segment is a sound, and profit making segment. The CEO never looked in to system losses arise from telecom. Subhiksha stores always sell handsets at below DP while its benchmarking is to match DP. No control on inventory of mobile accessories and there stock value and were unable to circulate the working capital. 9. Strong Competition : Thus sinking into unrepaired conditions Subhiksha has to compete with its high profile competitors like RPG, Reliance retail and Future group etc. Reliance Retail has set up 700‐odd stores in the past two years, almost at the rate of one store per day, Future Group has begun opening a new no‐frills discount retail chain called KB’s Fair Price Stores, a format that is similar in concept to Subhiksha stores. Reliance’s food and grocery format Reliance Fresh on the other hand is high‐end in terms of display, ambiance and size. 10. Over confidence and Aggressiveness: The raise of the company thus gradually started sinking down step by step and now stands on the verge of collapse. The management frankly admits that their over confidence and aggressiveness are the main reasons for their loss. They should have gone for an IPO when the things were well and good to prevent such downfall. If they had responded in right time they wouldn’t have been put through such bad phases. Meanwhile, the company has closed around 90 grocery stores across the country over the last one month or so. The company has also significantly reduced the inventory levels in its mobile retail arm ‐ Subhiksha Mobile stores. The company had also closed the supermarkets in most of the places and is on the verge of bankruptcy.
References: 1.Subhiksha: Subhiksha ties up with vJive Networks, The Economic Times, 20 Mar, 2007 htp://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Industry/Services/Retailing/Subhiksha_ ties_up_with_vJive_Networks/articleshow/1785276.cms 2. Subhiksha, India's largest retail chain Source: http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/feb/05bspec.htm 3. http://www.chennaibest.com/cityresources/Home_Needs/profiles02.asp 4. Subhiksha to increase retail outlets, The Hindu 5. Subhiksha growing at a scorching pace; to double network and revenue in six months; betting big on mobile phones, India Retail Biz, Source: http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/15/stories/2006071517851900.htm Source: http://indiaretailbiz.wordpress.com/2006/11/15/subhikshadoublingrevenueandnetworkinsix‐ monthsbettingbigonmobilephones/ 6. Subhiksha Website, Source: www.subhiksha.in 7. Subhiksha to open 100 stores in Mumbai in one month; announces 1,000 stores within one year. India Retail Biz, December 13, 2006 Source:http://indiaretailbiz.wordpress.com/2006/12/13/subhikshatoopen100storesinmumbaiplans‐ 1000inindiawithinoneyear/ 8. Success story of Subhiksha, India's largest retail chain, February 05, 2007 9. Subhiksha to enter into online Stores, The Economic Times . http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/feb/05bspec.htm Source:http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2456436.cms 10.Subhiksha to create private label portfolio, The Economic Times 15 Nov, 2006, Source: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/447925.cms 11.Making of Largest Retail chain in India : Subhiksha.Dec 12 Source: www.startupavenues.com/news/2007/02/08/makingoflargestretailchaininindiasubhiksha/ 12.Subhiksha aims 1000 retails stores
Source: in.news.yahoo.com/061212/43/6a8e0.html 13.After grocery, Subhiksha eyes mobile phone market Business Daily from THE HINDU group of publications Thursday, Jul 26, 2007 http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/07/26/stories/2007072651350500.htm 14.IMAGES India Retail Report 2007 Source: www.imagesretail.com/india_retail_report.htm 15. Subhiksha draws up clusterbombing plan, The Economic Times,6 Dec, 2006, Source: http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/News_By_Company/Companies_A Z/S_Companies_/Subhiksha/Subhiksha_draws_up_clusterbombing_plan/articleshow/726435. cms 16. Subhiksha: The common man's retailer, The Economic Times. 2 Oct, 2007, 0005 hrs Source:http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Interview/R_Subramanian_MD_Subhiksha_Tra ding_Services/articleshow/2420996.cms 17. http://www.indiaretailbiz.com/blog/category/indian‐retalers/subhiksha‐subramanians/ 18. http://www.livemint.com/subhiksha.htm 19 . http://www.financialexpress.com/news/subhiksha‐charts‐rs‐1‐000‐crore‐investment/373019/ 20. http://www.rediff.com/money/2007/feb/05bspec.htm