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Poetry Study Guide

Poetry Terms Couplet: 2 lines of poetry that have rhyming end words Triplet: 3 lines of poetry that can rhyme in various ways Quatrain: 4 lines of poetry that rhyme in various ways 3 genres of poetry: 1.  Narrative Poetry : A poem that tells a story or recounts events. Has a plot, 

characters, and setting. 2.  Dramatic Poetry : Also tells a story, but focuses on a single character. 3.  Lyric Poetry : Presents the thoughts and feelings of a single speaker.

Types of Poetry Ballad: a type of narrative poem that tells a story. A ballad is meant to be sung or  recited. Usually has a regular pattern of rhythm and rhyme. Epic: A long narrative poem about the adventures of a hero whose actions reflect  ideals and values. Ode: a happy poem, 6 lines or more, to celebrate or show praise for someone or  something. Elegy: a poem written for someone who has died, to celebrate his or her life Sonnet: A poem with a formal structure, containing 14 lines and a specific  rhyming scheme and meter. The 14 lines are arranged as 3 quatrains, followed by a couplet.  The quatrains establish the idea. The final couplet usually serves a summary  statement, a final comment, or a philosophical stance. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130. Haiku: a 3­line poem, lines containing 5­7­5 syllables. Limerick: a 5­line joke of a poem, with a specific rhythm and rhyming scheme.

Couplets

The Smart Two­Liners The binding together of two things, as in a pair, can be called a couplet. In verse writing, a couplet is a verse composed of two lines (length depends on the writer) and most typically appearing in rhymed fashion. Couplets can be simple or sophisticated. Example: But if the while I think on thee, dear friend, All losses are restored and sorrows end. -Shakespeare The world is so full of a number of things I’m sure we should all be as happy as kings -Robert Louis Stevenson Your turn to write an example. Complete the following couplet: I started to race with the rest of the pack Take this nice, new shiny dime His mustache looks like a bushy wig Don’t be sad on this fine day

Ballads • Song writers are modern poets • Ballads deal with social issues like: 1. materialistic values 2. human relationships 3. loneliness and alienation 4. love and commitment 5. war and peace 6. social injustice 7. personal experiences 8. current events • Ballads are simple narrative poems (poems that tell a story) which may be sung. • The ballad stanza Traditional ballads are written in quatrains and have the abab or abcb rhyme  scheme. In small groups, please answer the following questions about the song lyrics you  brought in today: 1. 2. 3. 4.

What is the song about? What social issues are discussed? Is there a rhyme scheme?  If so, what is it? What poetic devices are used?

Quatrains Fancy Four­Liners A quatrain is a poem written in four line stanzas­ rhymed or unrhymed.  When  rhymed, it allows for a variety of rhyming patterns, such as: aabb, abab, abcb, aaaa,  etc.  Quatrains are extremely common in verse writing. Quatrains can be simple or complex with a variety of rhyming patterns.  They can  reflect ordinary events in life or profound thoughts. Example: He tossed the pizza oh so high (a) Over his head, up toward the sky (a) My stomach churned with sheer disgust (b) To see the pizza hit the dust (b) G. Lipson Indicate the rhyming scheme of the following quatrain: I had a very nasty scheme I dreamed it in a wicked dream To point my trusty laser beam And turn the villains all to steam. G. Lipson Again, show the rhyming scheme: Hippety hop to the barber shop To get a stick of candy, One for you and one for me,  And one for Sister Mandy. ­Mother Goose

Triplets

Snappy Three­Liners The triplet can be rhymed or unrhymed.  When rhymed it allows for a variety of  rhyming patterns: aaa, aab, aba, abb.   Example: Higher than a house,  (a) Higher than a tree,  (b) Oh! Whatever can that be? (b) ­Mother Goose The lines of a triplet can be the same length or they may differ in length.  They can  reflect beautiful thoughts or ordinary events. Example: Buddies My friend is mad He wouldn’t play Instead he only ran away. ­G. Lipson Rover I mourn my dog. I’m not ashamed To say I loved him.

Scanning a Poem 2 parts 1. Indicate the rhyming scheme 2. Identify and mark the rhythm Rhythm- the musical quality in a poem created by a pattern of “beats,” or a series of stressed and unstressed syllables Meter- creates a poem’s rhythm. The meter is the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Foot- a unit of meter. A foot is a patter of stressed (accented) syllable and it’s surrounding unstressed syllables

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