Stress

STRESS

STR ES S  Upset

feeling  Source of a stimulus for their feeling upset  Stress-

is a state produced by a change in the environment that is perceived as challenging, threatening or damaging to the persons dynamic equilibrium.

 ADAPTATION

– The body’s adjustment to different circumstances and condition.

 STRESSORS

– Agents or factors that challenges the adaptive capacities of an individual and place a strain upon the person that may result in a stress reaction and illness.

SOURCES OF STRESSORS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Envir onment al Ph ysi cal Ps ycho lo gic Emo tio nal Soc iol ogi c

5 GENERAL STATEMENTS ABOUT STRESSORS: 1.

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Stressors affect different people in different ways: Factors: The stressors itself The limitations and potential of the individual for dealing with stress Stressors have more meaning and importance in the lives of some individual than in the lives of others.

2. Whenever people encounter stress from whatever source they attempt to adopt to it. 3. Any one stressor is in itself, a source of a new stressors 4. No one stressor can by itself cause a disease. 5. Stress of whatever nature if too prolonged and severe can eventually overwhelmed any person, no matter how well developed the persons adaptive capabilities are.

TYPE S O F STR ESSORS THAT CA US E I LL NE SS  Geneti

c Facto rs  Ph ysi cal and Che mic al Factor s  Mic roorga nis m and Par asites  Ps ycholo gic Fac tor s  Cul tural Facto rs  Oc cupa ti ona l Factor s

RESPO NSES T O STRE SS  BEHAVIORAL

RESPONSES TO STRESS

– Increased used of one specific form of behavior. – Change in the number of activities performed – Disorganized behavior that may deteriorate to the point of regression. – A lower frustration Tolerance and Increased irritability

– Noticeable physiologic changes that are correlated to behavioral changes. – Distortion of reality and decreased ability to solve problems.

 ADA PTIV

E RESPON SE TO STRE SS  MAL ADA PTIV E RESPON SE STRE SS – The Distorted Anticipatory Response – The Excessive Response – The Deficient Response – Inappropriate Response

HOMEOST ATIC T HEORIE S OF DISE ASE CLAUDE BERNARD  19TH century French physiologist, laid the foundation for   

the homeostatic theories view human being as a piece of constancy moving in a world of variables. he was intrigued the constancy of human behavior in the face of everchanging environmental conditions. the first scientist to describe the internal milieu or environment of the body.

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health was dependent on the ability of the human organism to maintain its internal environment in a constant state despite the varying demands of external environment. he postulated that illness was the result of an imbalance in the body’s internal environment that illness results from a description in the organisms ability to communicate with its external environment he also describe disease as an adaptive attempt of the organism to restore its balance he taught that these adaptive attempts at balance were appropriate in kind but incorrect in magnitude

WALTER CANNO N 

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20TH century physician, expanded Bernard’s concept by emphasizing those feedback mechanisms by which the organism is able to regulate the internal environment. In 1939 he coined the term “ homeostasis” from the Greek word homois, meaning “ like” and stasis meaning standing. homeostasis applied mainly to the body temperature, blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance serum glucose levels and blood oxygen.

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“ fight or flight” reactions of the body to emergency situations. The fight or flight response is the body’s preparation for muscular activity in response to perceived threat.

HAN S SEL YE   

endocrinologist he helped to found modern stress theory saw stress as measurable in terms of the physiologic responses

SELYE’S GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME GAS     

A sequence of behavior involving the entire body in the presence of stress. GENERAL – it is produced by situations that have a general effect on many parts of the body ADAPTIVE – it help the body acquire and maintain a state of adjustment to the stressor SYNDROME – the manifestation are completely coordinated and dependent on each to a certain extent when the body failing in stage of GAS – CRISIS can occur

ST AGES: A.

ALARM REACTION (AR)  body recognizes the stressor  Body’s defense forces are mobilized- produces body hormones essential for getting the body ready for action- “ fight or flight” response  normal level of body’s resistance decrease  death may result if stressor is sufficiently severe

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B. Stage of Resistance (SR) or Adaptation – Adaptation to the stressor – Body eliminates the alarm reaction – body attempt to return to a normal state – Normal level or resistance increases above the normal to resist the stressor with hope of adaptation – Body’s resistance to further stimuli increases

c. Stage of Exhaustion (SE) - continues exposure to stressor will result to exhaustion - Body is no longer able to maintain the demands of the stressor - symptoms of the alarm reaction reappear - if stressor is not removed – signs become irreversible - can result to death- unless the body can regain techniques to cope with stressful situation

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