States Of Matter A

States of Matter A. The Kinetic Theory 1. All matter is composed of small particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). 2. They are in constant, random motion. 3. They constantly collide with each other and with the walls of their container.

B. Phase Properties Particle Properties Phase Proximity Energy Motion Volume Solid close little vibrational definite Liquid close moderate rotational definite Gas far apart a lot translational indefinite

Shape definite indefinite indefinite

C. Other States 1. Solids with particles in repeating geometric patterns are crystals. Those with particles arranged randomly are amorphous. 2. Plasma a. Hot, ionized gas particles. b. Electrically charged. c. Most common state in

D. Thermal

E x p a n s i o n

1. Particles in any state expand when heated (generally). 2. Examples of solids: a. Expansion joints b. Power lines c. Thermostats 3. Different materials expand at different rates.

4. Mercury and alcohol are liquids that expand in thermometers 5. Air expands when heated (becoming less dense) 6. Water reaches maximum density about Ice particles are farther apartatthan 4 C. liquid water (so it floats).