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Biologi September 2009

JABATAN PELAJARAN KELANTAN DENGAN KERJASAMA PERSIDANGANKEBANGSAANPENGETUA-PENGETUA SEKOLAH MENBNGAH MALAYSIA CAWANGANKELANTAN

PE,PERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2OO9

BIOLOG]t i

PEMERIKSA SAIIAJA UIVTUKKEGUIYAAIY

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SPM PERCUBAAN PEPERIKSAAN TAHUN2OO9

PAPER1 BIOLOGY

1

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BIC

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PAPER I

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SectionA [ 60 marks] Answerall questions. The time suggestedto compleielhis section i.s90 mintttes Diagraml.l showstype Rajah I. I menunjukkanjenis_jenis karbohidrat J, K dan L

O J

tl

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.''-\ ,r-\ "''-\ \-rzf,\-rlv''\-/ L DIAGRAM I.I I RAJAH1.]

(a) (i)

Name the typesof carbohydrates labelledJ and K. Namakan jenis karbohidrst berlabelJ clan K. ., J : glucose/ fructose / galactose .^/l.oncs'. cc l"o> 'r{ e K: maltose/ sucrose/ Iactose

D

,.. 1'cl*vu rdo-

(i i) Name the processwhere K is converte{d to L. Namakanproses di mana K ditukarkan kepada L. Condensation

(iii) I is food storagein plant cell. Give one exampleof L. L adalah simpanan makanan di daromser tttmbuhan. Beri satu contoh L Starch

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Diagrarn1.2showsthe structureof an organelleY. Rajah 1.2 menunjttkkanstruktur organel Y {'l

Lil cf arn

DIAGRAM 1.21Ralah 1.2 (i) Basedon (a)(iii) labelthe part whereL is found in Diagram 1.2. Berdasarkan (a)(iii), labelkan bahagian di mana L didapati pada Rajah 1.2. L ll starch

l1 marlfl

(ii) Name the processthat occur in P andQ. Namakan proses yang berlalat di P dan Q P : Light reaction/ photolysisof water Q : Dark reactioni rcductionof carbon dioxide l2 ntarl<s) (iii) Statethe productof P and Q. Nyatakan hasil P dan Q. P : Oxygen / water / hydrogen atom / ATP Q : Glucose

l2 marks) r "I

(c) Write down the word equationfor photosyntesis. Tuliskanpersamaanperkataan bagifotosintesis. light Water + carbon dioxide

glucose* oxygen chlorophyll l1 ruarkl

What happento the rateof photosyntesis at low temperature. Explain why. Apakah yang berlaku kepada kadarfotosintesis pada suhu yang rendah. Terangkan mengapa. F - The rate of photosynthesis is low P - At low temperature,(photosynthetic) enzymeis inactive 12marksl

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Diagram 2 shows apart of humandigestivesystem. Rajah 2 menunjukkansebahagiandari sistempencernaanmanusia.

X Y

I mark

D IAGRAM 2/M JAH2 (a)

Name the structurelabelled X and Y Namakan struktur berlabel X dan Y. X : Gall bladder Y: Liver [ 2 marl<s]

(b)

Draw a digestiveorgan which also actsas an endocrinegland in Diagram 2. Lukiskan satu organ pencernoanyang juga bertindak sebagai kelenjar endolcrindalam Rajah 2. I I markl

(c)

Digestedfood is absorbedand assimilatedin our body. Explain the assimilationprocess of amino acid in organ Y and body cells" Makanan tercerna diserap dan diasimilasikan dalam badan. Terangkan proses assimilasi asid amino di organ Y dan sel-sel badan. Organ Yl Organ Y: Excessamino acids are broken down / converted into urea // excessamino acids are deaminatedinto urea . ll markl Body cells / Sel-selbadan: Synthesisof new protein / for growth Repair the damagedtissues Synthesisenzyme/ hormone etc 2 marla

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In anexperiment,individualQ drinksa glassof glucosesolution.faUie t snowstne changesin his blood glucoseconcentration. Dalam satu eksperimenindividu Q telah meminum.segelaslarutan glukosa. Jadttal I menunjukkanperubahan kepekatangula di dalam darahnya. Tirnei min

The concentrationof blood glucose / ( g dm-t )

Masa / rnin

Kepekatan gula dalam darah ( g dm-' )

0

90

30

t32

60

153

90

90

120

85

150

74 Table ll Jadual I

(i)

(ii)

Basedon Table 1, draw a graphof blood glucoseconcentration againsttime. BerdasarkanJadual l, lukis satu graf kepekatangula dctrah melawan masa. | 3 marks l Explain the role of the organyou havedrawnin regulatingblood glucoseconcentration from 0 minute to 90 minutes. Terangkanperanan organ yang anda lukis di dalam mengawalatur kepekatangula dalam darah dari minit 0 hingga ke 90.

PI P2 P3 P4

From 0 to 60 minutes,the blood glucoselevel increases (beta cell in) pancreasis stimulatedto secreteinsulin Insulin stimulatesthe conversionof excessglucoseto glycogen(in the liver) This causethe glucoselevel decreaseto the normal level at the 90 th minute. 13marl<sl

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Diagram3 showsthreetypesof n.uro@ Rajah 3 merutnjukkantiga jenis neuron dalam badanmanusia. Neurone P tsF>F-s

NeuroneQ

NeuroneR DIAGRAM 3I RAJAH3 (a) Nameneurone P andneuronee. NamakanneuroneP dan neurone. NeuroneP : Afferentneurone/ sensoryneurone. Neurone Q: Interneurone ll markl (b) (i)

Name structureX. Narnakanstruktur X. Synapse I I markl

(ii)

Explainhow the transmissionof nerveimpulseacrossthe X. Terangkanbagaimanapemindahan impuls saraf merentasix I'1 - When an impulses/ electricalsign:rls reachesin the axon terminal P2 - Stimulates (synaptic) vesicresto*mov_e to-wards(a.a-'bind with the presynapticmemnianel P3 - The vesiclesfuse / releasethe neurotransmitter/ acetylcoline / exampleof neurotransmitter into the synapse/ X. P4 - The neurotransmitter diffusesacrossthe synapse/ X P5 - This leadsto the generationof new impulsl/ eiectricalsignals in which travelsalong the e / neurone 3 marks

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Terangkanlaluan dalam arka reflela yang melibatkan tiga neuron di atas. Pl - NeuroneP detectthe stirnulusand triggersthe nerve impulses P2 - (The nerve impulses)are transmitted along neurone P to neuront: Q (in the spinalcord) through/ via synapse. P3 - (The nerve impulses)are then transmitted from neurone Q to neurone R through synapse

13 narks) A dog suddenlybarksand chasesyou. Your heartbeatincreases and your palmsbecomesweaty.You feel so scaredand run away. Seekoranjing'tiba-tiba menyalakdan mengejaranda. Degupan jantung anda meningkatdan tapak tangananda berpeluh.Anda merasa amat takut dan terus melarikan diri. Basedon the abovestatementdescribehow endocrinesystemis involved in the fight and flight' situation. Berdasarkanpenyataan di atas, huraikan bagaimanasistem endokrin tertibat dalam 'lawan dan lari'. situasi F - adrenalineis secretedby adrenalgland rate increase Pl - (adrenaline)causethe heartbeat/ b_rea_thing P2 more oxygen and glucow-aresent/transportedto the tissues P3 - metabolic rate / cellular rggptrationincreases P4 - more energy is ptodueed (to run away)

14nar*s1

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Diagrarn4 showsthe humanbreathingmechanism. Rajah 4 ntenunjukkanmekanisme p ernafasan manusia ProcessX Prose,g X

Process Y process Y

DIAGRAM 4 IRAJAH 4 Name thc processX and y. Namakan proses X dan Y.

(a) (i)

X : Inhalation/ Inspiration Y : Exhalation/ Expiration (ii)

Stateone differenceof p in processX andy. Nyatakan satu perbezaanpada p dalam proses X dan y.

12markr)

In X, P is flatten while in y, p is dome shape. tt mark) (iii)

In the box given,draw an alrow to show the movementof ribcagein y. Dalam kotak yang disediakan, lukiskan satu anak panah untuk menunjukkan pergerakan sangkar rusuk pada y. llmarkl

(b)

Explainthe mechanism of processX" Terangkan mekanismeproses X. Pl P2 P3 P4 -

Outer / externalintercostalsmusclecontracts/ inner intercostalsmusclerelax Causingvolume of thoraciccavity increases Pressurein the lung / thoraciccavity decreases Outsideair entersinto the lung 13marksl

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I{idayatis a sprinter,hasmaintained his breathingduring 100 metcrs running. After crossingthe finishingline,he pantsheavily. Hidayat seorang pelari pecut telah mengekalkanpernafasannya .temasa mernbuat larian I00 meter. Selepas melepasi grtrisan penamat,beliau tercungap-cungap. (i)

Statethe type of respirationto ensurethat he is ableto finish his running. Nyatakanjenis respirasi untuk memastikandia dapat menamatkanlariunnya Anaerobicrespiration

(ii) Write a chemicalequationfor the answerin (c)(i). Ttrliskansatupersamaankimia untukjawapan dalam @(i). -€)

ll narkf

CeHrzOe) 2 C3H6O3* Energy

[l na,k]

(iii) Explainwhy he is panting. Terangkanmengapabeliau tercungap-cungap. Pl - To obtain iinhale more oxygen P2 - the extra oxygenis usedto oxidizethe lactic acid to carbon dirixideand rvater (which are then excreted) P3 - oxygendebt have beenpaid

13marksl

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Table2 showsthe concentration of certainsubstances in the blood plasmi and urine. Jadual 2 menunjukkan kepekatan bahan tertentu yang terdapat di dalam plasma darah clan u air kencinrr. nctn

Substances

Concentration(%) Kepekatan(%)

Bahan

Blood Plasma

Urine

Plasma darah

Air kencing

Salt/ gararn

0.03

1.50

PlasmaproteinI Proteinplasma

8.00

0.00

GlucoseI Glukosa

0.10

0.00

Amino acidlasid amino

0.05

0.00

IJreaI urea

0.03

2.00

91.00

96.00

Water

Table2lRajahZ Explainwhy urine doesnot containplasmaprotein. Terangkanmengapaair kencing tidak mengandungiprotein plasma. Pl - Plasmaprotein are too big/large P2 - to passthrough (the filtration membraneof) the glomerulus 12marl<sl The percentage of ureaand salt arehigherin urinethan in blood plasma. Explainwhy. Peratus kandungan urea dan garam adalah lebih tinggi di dalam air kencing berbanding di dalam plasma darah. Terangkanmengapa. Pl -Urea and salt are small moleculesand P2 -theseare secretedfrom the blood into the renal tubule P3 -urea and salt are not rcabsorbed(but are passedout in the urine). 12marl<sl Aldosteroneis involvedin osmoregulation in the kidney. Hormon aldosteron terlibat di dalam pengosmokawalaturan di ginjat" (i)

Name the endocrineglandthat secretes aldosterone. Namakan kelenjar endokrin yang merembeskanaldosteron" Adrenal gland ll mark)

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Explain the effectof takingsalty food on urine output. Terangkankesanpengambilanmakananmasin terhadappenghasilanair kencing. Pl - blood osmoticpressureincrease P2 - detectedby osmoreceptorin the hypothalamus P3 - adrenalgland is less/ not stimulated//less / no alclosterone is secretcd P4 - The distal convulatedtubule / collectingduct are less pcrmeatrleto P5 - salt // Iesssalt is reabsorbedinto the blood capillary P6 - small amount of / concentratcdurine is produced (Any 4) 14mail<sl

(d)

Diagram5 showsthe flow of blood and dialysisflrrid througha dialysismachine. Rajah 5 menunjukkanaliran darah dan bendalir dialisis melalui suatu mesin dialisis. Heparin t r\

Dialysistluid-

Dial1,sis membrane TubeQ

DIAGRAM 5I RAJAH 5 Tube P containmore nitrogenouswastecomparedto tube Explain why. e. Tiub P mengandungibanyakbahankumuh bernitrogenberbandingtiub e. Terangkan mengapa. Pl - The concentrationof dialysisfluid is maintainedat a concentrationsimilar to the blood plasmaof healthyperson P2 the concentrationof nitrogenouswaste/ urea / salt in P higher than dialysis fluid P3 urea / salt diffusedout into dialysisfluid P4 - through semi-permeable tubing

(Any3) 3 marl<s

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SectionB [ 40 marks] Answerany two question. The tirnesuggested to completethis sectionis 60 minutes -section Diagrarn6.1 shows the cross of a leaf ancl stem that involved transportation of substances in a dicotyledonplant. Gambarajah 6.1 ntenunjukkankeratan rentas daun dan batang yang berkaitan denganpengangkutan bahan-bahandalam satu tumbuhanc{ikotiledon.

DIAGRAM 6.lIRAJAH6.] (a)

(b)

Statethemeaningof translocation. Berikan makgudtranslokasi

t2 marl<s)

P and Q are vasculartissues.Explainhow P and e play the role in the transportation of substances in plants. P dan Q adalah tisu vaskular. Terangkanbagaimana p dan e memainkanperanan dalampengangkutan bahandalam tumbuhan. lB marksl

(a) Ableto statethe meaningof translocation. F 1 transport of organicsubstances/ product of ptrotosynthesis/ glucose/amino acid

1 I

P 1 from the leavesto all part of thi: plants P2 through phloem/ sievetube

1 1 (Fl and any P)

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Ablc to explainon horvphloem(P) and xylem (e) play the role in transport the substances in dicotyledonsplants. Phloem/ P Fl P is phloem// consistsof sievetubesand companioncell P1 lvhich transport organiccompounds/ glucose/ productsof photosynthesis PZ by translocation P3 from leave to all part of the plant.. (Fland any 2 P) X1'lem/ Q F2 Q is xylem // consistof vessels,trachied etc Pl Q / Xylem is adaptedwith long / narrow / continuoustubes P2 transports wa.terin plants P3 lly root pressure I'4 rvater enters xilem/Q by osmosis

or P3 by transpirationalpull P4 rvateris pulled out of xylem during transpiration

or P3 by capillaryaction// Cohesionand adhensionforces. P4 cohesion-due to the forces betweenwater moleculesadhesion- the forces befweenwater moleculesand wall of xylem

(F2, Pland P2 and anyP3 or p4)

2

(c) Diagram6.2 showsthe differentzonesof growthand developmentin a plant'sroot tip. Explainthe processoccurringin zonesA, B and C. Rajah 6.2 menunjukkanzonperkembangandanpertumbuhanyang berbeza pada htlung akar tumbuhan. Terangkanproses yang berlaku di zon A, B dan C. lt'ter

"t-.--

l-J.n

nl!1tU t'e

tissue Zone C

ZoneB

Root clp

ZoneA

DIAGRAM 6.IIRAJAH 6.1

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A b l e t o e r p l a i nt h ep r o c e s o s c c u r r i n g zonesA, B andC.

F 1 ZoneA D I l l

z o n eo f c e l l d i v i s i o n

This is meristematic tissue,trrecellsdivideactivelyby repeated mitosis

P2 to increasethe numberof cells for growth P 3 The cells aresmall-sized,with larg! nucleiand closelypacked. DA

Partof it forntsthe root cap P 5 The otherpart entersthe zoneof elongation la

Any 3

F2 ZoneB is zoneof elongation P1 P2 P3 P4

This is the zoneof cell growth The cells absorbwaterrapidly by osmosis The size of the vacuoleincreases Small vacuolesfuseto form a largecentralvacuole

F3 Zone C is zoneof differentiation

I Any 2

P 1 The cells undergo differentiationto carryout specificfunctions P2 The cells changeto form the epidermis,cortex,xyrem and phloem in

plants P3 Examples: xylem cells fonn vesselsand tracheidsto transport water and minerals.(Accept any othersuitableexamples)

Any 2

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Diagrar Gametogenesisp tlre human reproductiveog1

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diagram of gametoGametogenesisGi ,

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P ri mo rd ial ger m cell- >

RajahTmenunjukkanrajat p c , - h i n L n , ,, ' , ^ n u s i e . l ,

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Spermatogoni

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Proc-4-

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I Firstpolar I body .)ul;ly ;@ irt po'ar cd/

S e co n d p o l a rb o d y /

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spermatocyt

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DIAGRAM 1/RAJAH 7 p. Describethe processof gametogenesis B incangkanpros es gametogenesis P.

(a)

| 4 marks ) p. Able to describc the processof gametogenesis Pl P2 P3 P4

Nameof process:Oogenesis Primordialgerm cell (2n) undergoesmitosisto produceoogonia (2n) Oogonium(2n) srows and developsinto primaryoocyte(2n). Primary oocytes (2n) undergo meiosis I to produce ( one) seconoary oocytes(n) and one first polar body P5 secondaryoocytes(n) undergomeiosisII to produce an ovum and one secondpolarbody.

Any 4

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(t7) P6 First polar body may divide und fo* (b)

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Comparethe gametogenesis processp and e . Bandingkan antara proses gametogenesisp dan

e. 16marksl

Able to compare( similaritiesand differences for processp and e. ) Similarities: - Both producegametes - Both involvedmeiosis - Both startwith primordialgerm cells - Both occurin the reproductiveorgans Differcnccs: Gametogenesis P

Gametogenesis Q

Oogenesis

Spermatogenesis

Producesovum

Producessperrns

Takeplacein ovary

Takeplacein testis

Producesan ovum and 3 polarbody.

Produces 4 sperms

Doesnot involve differentiation

Involvesthe process differentiation( to produce spenn)

Any 4

Unequaldivisionof cwoplasm Equaldivisionof duringmeiosis cytoplasmduringmeiosis (c)

A rnarriedcouplehas l0 children after thirteenyearstheyhad lived together.They decidedto limit the numberof childrenby practicing birth control. Explainthe methods in birth control that canbe usedfor this counle.

satu pasangan mempunyai I0.orang anak serepastiga beras tahtrn hidup bersqnla- Mereka mengambirkeputisan untuk menghadkan birangan anak dengan mengrmarkanperancang keruarga. ferangkan kae"dahkaedah mencegahkehamiran yong *ir"ka borehgunakan. !0 marl<sl Ableto explainthemethodsin birthcontrolandhoweachmethod couldnrevent '

pregnancy.

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Femalc Fl

l'ubal ligation

P1 bothFallopiantubesaretiedandcut P2 spenxs cannotfertilizethe ovum FZ Contraseptivepitls Pl pill containsoestrogen and progesterone P2 preventfoilicle developmentand owlation F3 Intrauterine device(IUD) P l I U D i s f i t t e di n t h eu t e r u s P2 prevent implantationof zygote F4 Presenceof Mucus PI Fertileperiod// producemucus P2 avoid sexualintercource F5 Diaphragm Pl coverthecervix PZ preventsperms from enteringthe utenrs. Any 3 - (F+Pl) and P2 :2 mark l\{ale Fl

V:rsectomy

Pl Vas deferens/ spermducts are tied and cut P2 spermscannotbe transferredout. F2 Condom P1 is placed over erectedpenis P2 Preventspermfrom enteringthe vagina F3

Withdrawal method

P I Penisis rvithdrawnfiom the vaginabeforeejaculation P2 Preventsperm from enteringthe vagina F4 Rhythm methods Pl Fertileperiodthat is 3 daysbeforeand 3 daysafter or.,ulation. P2 avoid sexualinterct-rurse"

Any2- (F+P1)andP2 :2mark Acceptanysuitable points. 1 1 Max

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Max l0

! c O

C)

=

E

z

z Characteristic

Characteristic

human. Rajah 8.1 dan 8.2 menunjukkantaburan dua variasi genetik dlm marusia.

DIAGRAMS.IIRAJAH B.] DIAGRAM 8.2/ RAJAH 8.] Witha suitable example, explainthecomparisonof two kinds of variation. Dengan menggunakancontoh yang sesu,i, terangkanperbandingan di antara kedua-dua variasi tersebut. marks]

[10 Sumple answer: Exampleof continuous variation:Heightor weight Exampleof discontinuous variation:ABO blooJgroup Similarities: - both createvarietiesin the population of species - both type of variationsare caused by enviionmentfactoror geneticfactors ' or both Differences

Continr-rous variation Graphdistributionshor.vs a normaldistribution

Discontinuous variation

Graphdistribution showsa discrete distribution

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(20) Thecharacters are quantitative / can be measuredand graded (from one extrymeto the other) Exhibitsa spectrumof phenotypes u,ith intennediate character Infl uencedby enr.,ironmental factors Two or moregenescontrol the samecharacter The phenotype is usually controlledby manypair of alleles :b)

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The characters are qualitative/ cannotbe measuredand graded(from one extreme to the other) Exhibitsa fervdistinctivephenotypes with no intermediate character Is not Influencedby environmental factors A singlegenesdeterminesthe differencesin the traitsof the character The phenotypeis controlledby a pair of alleles

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Tlrc variationof ABO blpod groupdetenninedby threedifferent allel,a q but an individualcancarryonly two of the threealleles. with schematic diagram,explainthe possibilities of the bloodgrouparrd genotypes the of the offspringif the father'sblood group is A ana tLe mothcr'sbloodgroupis AB. l/ariasi dalam kumpulandarah ABo ditentukanoleh tiga alel yang berbeza,tetapi setiap individu hanya membawadua diripada- tigi atel tersebut. Dengan gambarajah skema, /erangkan kebarangkalian kuntpulan darah dan genotip pada anakjika ayahnya mempunyaikumpulan darah A clan ibrt kumpulandarah AB. 110m,zrksf

lble to explain thepossibilities of the blooclgroup anclthe genotypesof the ,ffipring u,henthe.father'sblood group is A and the mothei's biood gioup is t tB. lampleanswer: 'here aretwo possibilities; Parents Father ) Mother Parent' s'genotype: Io Io X IAIB

I -T---Gamete

tA

'--r-n -\--,,

IA

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GenotypeFl Phenotype Fi

IA IA

Blood groupA

meiosis

random fertilisation

Max 5

IA IB

Blood groupAB

Phenotl'peF1 50o/oof offspringhavebloodqroupA d 50%havebloodgroupAB AND ( Parents Father Mother d

l9

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Parent'sgenotype:

Gametc

GenotypeF I Phcnotype Fl

Phenotype Fl

io Max 5 IA iA

IA IB

Blood groupA

Blood groupAB

IO IA

Blood groupA

Io IB Blood groupB

50% of offspringhavebloodgroupA,zsynhaveblood groupAB and 25o/ohave blood groupB

F\

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Diagrarn9.1 showsmung.ov. later groiv into a mangroveswampforest. Rajcth 9.1 ntenunjukkanspesies bakaLryang mengkoloni tebing berlttntpur sungaiS:angakhirnya berkembangmenjaclihtttcrnpaya bakau. Avicenniaand Sonneratia Rhizophora Bruguiera ,lvic ennia dan .Sonneratia

tlt|'pdsang

Lov fide atr st{.t'ttt

pneumatophore pqzeumatofar

prop roots buttressroots akar akar banir iatzckans

end (b) Rhizophora ia).Avicennia Sonneratia zone

Diagran-r 9.1/ Rajah9.1 (al Explainhow the mangrovespeciesareadaptedto overcomethe problems encountered duringthe processof colonisation. Terangkan bagaimana spesies paya bakau disestraikan untuk mengatasi ntasalahyang dihadapi semasaprosespengkolonian. 110marksl

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( b ) Diagram9.2 showsthe layeri rn stratospherethat protectsearthfrom Lrltraviolet radiation.. Rajah 9.2 menunjukkanlapisan Y dalam slratosfera yang melindungi bttni dar ipada sinaran ul traviolet.

Diagram 9.2 Rajah 9.2 (i)

Someof the humanactivitiescancausethethinningof layery. J3xplain how thethinningof layery occurs. se,tetengahdaripada aktiviti manusiaborehmenyebabkan penipisan lapisan Y. Terangkan bagaintanapenipisan lapisan y teriadi. [ 4 marks ]

( ii ) The thinning of the layer y is an environmental issue which always being

discussed.Describethe effectsof the thinningof layer y on the environment and humanhcalth.Suggestways to solvethesep.obiems. Penipisan lapisan y merupakan isu aram sekita, yang .serarudibincangkan. Huraikan kesan penipisan rapisan y ke otas plrrirrroron dan kesihatan manusia. Cadangkan langkah- langkah untuk meiyelesaikan masalah ini [ 6 marks]

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9 Question MARKING CRITERIA

Ques. No

e(a) I

2 rfir

Problemsfacedby Adaptivecharacteristicsof mangrovc nlangro\/eplants plants (Fact) (Explanation) So {'tmuddy soil/substrate . Ijighly branchedroot systemto supportthemselves./ . Eg. Avicenniahave long/underground/horizontals cable/ roots . Eg Rhizophora,haveprop roots anchorthemselvesin the muddy soil Waterloggedconditionsof the soil/ Very little oxygen for root respiration

a

a

3

4

Marks

The high c
High mortalityrate becauseof seedscarried away by water current/ lack of oxygenin muddy soil//lowsurvivalrateof seedlings

2

(Avicennia)havebreathingroots /pneumatophores /Gaseousexchange occursthroughpores/lenticels. Eg Rhizophora,haveporescalled Ienticels foundon thetreebark Cell sapof (the root) cells are hypertoniccomparedto the soil waterllactiveintakeof sodiumion. The root doesnot losewater but seawaterentersthe root cells instead/ Excesssalt in the plant is eliminated by the salt glands

2

z

The leaves(of mangrovetrees)havea thick cuticle/sunkenstomatato reduce transpiration/ The leavesarethick /succulentto storewater.

2

o Have viviparousseedling// the seeds areableto germinatewhile still attachedto themotherplant.

2 O n e f a c t a n d o n ee x p l a n a t i o n: 2 marks R dependantto F

TOTAL

e (b) (i)

studentis ableto analysesomeof humanactivitiesthat causeozone layerdepletion. . Thinning of ozonelayer/folmationof ozone hole causeby CFCs

t0

I

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(chlorofl uorocarbons) theincreaiffi atmosphere due to cFCs is widely usedas a coolantsin air conditioners and refrigerators CFCsusedas propellants in aerosol CFCs usedas fbamingagentsin makingStyrofoampackaging. The chlorineatom releasedfrom chlorofluorocarbon by ultraviolet radiation combines with the ozonemoleculeforming oxygenmolecule& chlorinemonoxide. chlorine monoxidewill reactwith the oxygenatom to form oxygen moleculeand chlorineatom. The chlorineatomwill continueto destroythe ozonelaver.

e (b) (ii)

I I I 1 Max I

Thinningof the ozone.layer

.

more ultraviolet rays reachesthe earth's surfoce

.

increaseof temperature could changeweatherpattern

'

ultravioletray will deteriorate one'sbody immunity system

.

an increasein the numberof peoplesufferingfrom skin cancerand cataract

.

high ultravioletrays destroysplanktonand disruptfood chain

o

rateofphotosynthesis decrease becausechlorophyllaredestroyed, thereforeit will reducethe agricultureoutput

Max A a

Stcpsto overcomethis problem .

reduceor stopusing CFC or chloridebasedproducts

.

replaceCFC with HCFC

'

usewrappingpapers/metalcontainersinsteadof polystyrenes boxes

r

o

patchup the holesin the ozonelayerby firing frozenozone balls into the atmosphere.

Max 2

R c d u c et h eu s eo f a i r c o n d i t i o n e r

END OF QUESTION

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(26) Markschemefor biologyp3 el 1. (a) Numbersor rounoI Bitanganpusingan I

Thetimetakenfoima[inffi beats(s)

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Rubric: KUDnc: 4correct=3marks 3correct=2marks 2correct=1mark 0-'1 correct=0mark 1 (b)(i) Explanation Able to state 1. The time takenfor making30 heartbeats after

runningoneroundis 20 seconds. 2. The timetakenfor making30 heartbeats after runningfourroundsis 10 seconds. 3. Thetimetakenfor making30 heartbeats after runningoneroundis longerthanafter running four rounds Able to state inaccurate answer or two inaccurate observations

of inaccurate Fxafnple. answers: 'r. Ine ttmetakenformaking30 heartbeats after _ runningone roundis thelongest 2. The timetakenfor making36 heartbeats after runningfourroundis the shortest. 3. The timetakenfor making30 heartbeats after runningoneroundis longerthanwhen running four roundsthatis 20s

Examples1 and 2 are Horizontal Observation(HO) while 3 is the Vertical Observation(VO). The candidatesare free to write anv of the observations.

One correctanswer is referredto the onesin score3.

Abletostatetwo@ Only state one inaccurateansweror one idea

rqsponse at all.

only or no

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1(bxii) Ableto statetwo correct@ observation. rxamples; 1. Whenthe boyrunsoneround/time,thetimetaken for making30 heartbeat is longerbecausethe rate of heartbeats is lower/musclecellsneedsa small amountof oxygen. 2. Whenthe boyrunsfourrounds/times , thetime takenfor making30 heartbeat is shorterbecausethe rateof heartbeats is higher/ musclecellsneedsa largeamountof oxygen 3. The timetakenfor making30 heartbeats after runningoneroundis longerbecause thecellsneed smallamountof oxygencompared to whenrunnino roundfourtimes

Checkthe HO and VO, if observationis HO, the inference must be HO, or vice versa. For HO, no shorter/ ronger. For VO, accept increases,etc.

Able to state one correc@ inferencecorrespondto ttre observationor two inaccurateobservations Able to stateone interenG-orrectf cI two inaccurateinferences. state one inaccurateansweror no 1 . ( c ). ( i ) Variable

lvlethodto handlethe vaiiaOte

Manipulated variable I ne ooy runsdtllerent numberof roundsin the Thenumberof round/times (theboy schoolfield(1 round/time, 2 rounds,3 roundsand runsroundthe schoolfield) 4 rounds) Respondingvariable Kecorornettmetat<en for making30 heartbeat The time taken for making 30 heart by usinga s!qpt/a[qh.

beat Controlledvariable speedfor;unning each round / The number of heart beat / The subject(the student)

fixthespeedorrunn/ fix the numberof heartbeatat 30 / thesamestudentis usedthroughout the experiment. "Thehand|ingofvariab|esisdepenoao|eonthev",i"u wrongly, the handling partwillnotbe marked,butnotviceversa. *One

answer correct,one tick. Rubric: = 3marks 6ticks 4-5ticks= 2marks '1 2-3ticks= mark = 0-1tick 0mark

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1 (c) (ii) A b l e to make the correctclassification.

ratus stopwatch staircase J-tube

sodiumhydroxide soktilon potassium pyrogalate solution Rubik 2 M + 3A 2 M + 2A 1M+ 1A

=

3 marks 2 marks 1 mark

1(d)

Abletostaiet@ Pl = manipulatedvariable P2 = respondingvariable R = relationship Examples: 1. The 11qgethe numberof times /rounds the boy runs (roundthe schootfietd )(p1),the shorter the tlme making 30 heartbeats1eZ)1o-ice versa) l*^u: lor z. I ne more the numberof times/roundsthe boy runs " (roundthe schootfield )(p1),the faster the raie of heartbeats(p2)(or vice versa)

A b l e t os t a t e t w o o r t r r e @ Examples: 1. The more the numberof times/roundthe boy runs (roundthe schoolfield )(p1), the time takenfor making 30 heartbeatsis short (p2) (or vice versa) NoR 2. The more the numberof timesiroundthe boy runs (roundthe schoolfield )(p1),the time takenis shorter.No P2

Ableto stateqnlyone criteriaTorrect 1 e( i ) The numbersof rounoran

I

t-

The time taken for

The rate of the heart

beat(minute-l)

Data

Title with correctunit

Calculation

Data,Calculationand Tifle,eachcontribute onemark.

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1" P = 1 mark, if, the axis are drawn correctly, scaledand with unitsare correct 2. T (points)= 1 mark, if the pointsare

e (ii)

marked correctly. 3. B = 1 mark,the shape of the graph is drawn correctly,passingthrough all the pointsand does not cut ' throughthe axis. Y axis = the rate of the heartbeat X axis = the numberof roundsran 1(f). able to explainthe relationship betweenthe numberof round ran and the rate of heartbeatbased on the followingaspect: R - When the number of round ran increases. the rate of heartbeatincreases E1- to pump more blood (intocirculation) E2- for cellularresoiration

1 (g) Ableto statethe definition of heartbeatoperationally and correctlybasedon the following aspect: P'1= therateof heartbeat perminute. P2 = runsroundtheschoolfield. P3 = Influenced by the numberof times/round . Example: The rate of heartbeatis the numberof the boy'sheartbeatingin one minute(P1)when he runs round the school field at constantspeed (P2).The rate of heartbeatis influenced by the numberof round ran. (P3). 1 (h) Able to predictand explainthe outcomeof the experimentcorrectlywith the following aspects: P1 = The rate of heartbeat will be more than 180 times/min. P2 = adrenalglandssecretethe adrenaline P3 = . more glucoseand oxygen/cellularrespirationincreaselmore energy is produced Example: -The rate of his heartbeatwill increase/morethan 'lBO/min. - becausethe adrenalglandssecretethe adrenaline - more glucoseand oxygenare suppliedto the musclesi cellularrespirationincrease/more energyis produced

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Question2 455113(2009)

Construct 1. Objective

Sample Answers

Noteson Scoring

ro Invesugatetne eftect of the albumen concentration on the rate of enzymepepsin's reaction.

No mark justa tick

(ob) 2 . P r o b l e m Ableto relateP1,P2 and U in fquestion form. Statement P1 = Thealbuminconcentration. (PS)

tr

3. Hypothesis

P 1= M V P2=RV H = Question P 1+ P 2 + H = 3 m

P2 = The rateof enzymereaction. H = Relationship betweenp1 andp2. Sampleanswer: 1. Whatis the effectof (different)albumen (H = What is the concentration on the rateof (pepsin) effect of ....." ?) enzymereaction? ( H = C a nt h e . . . . . . . . 2. CanAlVill/Does the (different) albumen affect......?) concentration affectthe rateof (pepsin) enzymereaction? 1. Whatis the effectof lOifferenqahr,rnren Only two aspects concentration on the rateof (pepsin) enzymereaction.(No? or notin a 2m questionform) 2. Whatcan affectthe rateof enzvme reaction? ltrtoFt ) 3. Whatis the effectsof thealbumen concentration on pepsin? (Nop2) 4. (Different)albumenconcentration can affectthe rateof enzymereaction. (Nota question) 5. Canalbuminaffectthe rateof enzvme ___regelqql _CIo concentration, tto ptt Whatis the effectof (different)atOunren Only one aspect concentration. (No P2 andquestion) 1m 2 . The rateof enzymereaction.increase(No tick El_gndquestion) Wrongor no answeris given. 0 mark And no tick Thehigherthe concentration of albu,r,in (Pl), the higherthe rateof enzymepepsin reaction(P2).(viceversa)

(Hp)

P1 = MV. P2=RV H = Relationship P 1+ P Z + H = 3 m H = t h e h i g h e r. . . . t h el o n g e r . , .

Only 2 aspects The concentration of albumin(p1)affectthe rate.of enzymereaction(p2).No H Only 1 aspect

2m

1m tick

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1. Variables albumenconcentration. M a n i p u l a t e d:

All three variables correct

The rateof enzymereaction// The timetaken / changefrom No mark just for the albumento decolourise a tick, no tick cloudyto colourless. if any one of the variables of theenzymepepsin/ Theconcentration is / albumen wrong. The volumeof the pepsinsolution solution 5. Apparatus M = materials and Materials afbumen solution,1% pepsin solution, (AM) acid, 0.1M hydrochloric A = apparatus pipette/ measuringcylinder,water bath stop-watch (beaker& water),thermometer,

6. Technique

(rq)

Able to state the operating responding B l = 1 m variable correctly, Record the time takenfor the albumen

usinga stopto turncolourless solution watch. 7. Procedure

K1 : Preparation of materials & apparatus (any 3) - Usinga oipette/ measurinqcvlinder, 5 m l o f 1 % a l b u m e ns o l u t i o ni s transferred/pouredinto a test-tube. - Usinganotherpipette/measuring cylinder,1 mlof 0.1M hvdrochloric acid is transferreQ/ pouredinto the same test-tube.Shakethe mixture well. - The test-tubeis placedin a beaker of water, at 37'C. - A thermometeris placed in the beaker to make sure the temperature is constant. - The stop watch is started. - (Any 3 of the 6 underlinedcriteriaare

A f l5 K

=3m

3to4Konly =Zrn 2 K only

=1lh

1K but tick

:0m

K1 is awarded. mentioned, K2 : OperatinqFixedvariable(any 1) The concentrationof the enzyme pepsln The volumeof the pepsinsolution/ albumensolution.

See the sample below experiment

variable respondinq K3 : Ooeratinq - Recordthe timetakenfor the mixture / turnedfromcloudy to decolourised to colourless

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K4 : Operatinqmanipulated variable - Repeatexperimentwith different c o n c e n t r a t i oonf a l b u m e nI 1 % , 2 % , 3% and 4% albumenconcentration

K5 : Precaution / Accuracvof experiment ( A n y1 ) The temperature of the water bath.constant at 37"C Repeatexperiment to get average readinq B. Recording Able to constructa tableto recordall data B 2 = 1 m data/Result withthe followingaspects (RD) 1. Suitable titleswithcorrectunits 2. No datais required 9.

Refer belowfor sampleexperiment. C o n c l u s i o n A hypothesisstatementended with 'the (cn) hypothesisis accepted'.

tick

No mark, just a tick

Planning

7-9ticks 4-6ticks 2-3ticks

=3m =2m =1m

S a m p l ea n s w e r : PS: What is the effectof different albumenconcentrationon the rate of enzvme reaction? Ob: To investigatethe effectof albumenconcentrationon the rate of enzyme reaction. Hp: The higherthe albumen concentration, the higher the rate of enzyme reaction/ the shorterthe time taken for the solutionto turn colourless/ from cloudvto colourless.

Vr: MV:Theconcentration of albumen solution. RV:Therateof enzymereaction // thetimetakenfor theenzymereaction i solution to turn colourless / fromcloudyto colourless. CV: The volumeof the albumensolutionI enzymesolutionll the concentration of the enzymepepsinI enzymesolution. A M : a l b u m e ns o l u t i o n , ( 1 % , 2 % , 3 Y o , 41o%/ op )e,p s i ns o l u t i o np,i p e t t e/ m e a s u r i ncgy l i n d e r , hydrochloric acid,waterbath(beaker& water),therrnometer, stop-watch, Tk: observedand recordthe time takenfor the solutionto turn colourlessusinga stop watch.

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usinqa pipette/ measurinqcvlinder(Kl ). The test-tubeis labeledP. ' 1 m l o f( 0 . 1 M ) 2. h y d r o c h l o r iacc i di s t r a n s f e r r eidp o u r e di n t ot h e s a m e t e s t - t u b e (K1) usinganotherpipette/cylinder. 3. 1ml of 1% pepsinis transferred/ pouredinto the same test-tube(K'1)usinganother pipette/ measuringcylinder.The mixtureis shakewell (K1). 4. The test-tubeis placedin a waterbath / beaker(K1 ) containing300m1of waterat 37"C.A thermometeris placedin the beakerto monitor/ checkthe temperature. 5. The stop-watchis started. 6. The mixtureis observedand the time takenfor the colourto turn colourlessis taken down and recordedin a table (K3). 7. Steps 1 to 6 are repeatedtwice to qet an averaqeresult (K5). B. Steps 1 to 7 are repeated,replacingthe 1o/aalbumensolutionwith2o/o.3o/o and 4% albumensolution(K4)'respectively. 9. All the data are recordedin a table and a graph of the rate of enzyme reaction againstthe albumenconcentration is plotted.

Rs: (min) Concentration of Timetakenfor the mixtureto turncolourless albumen/ substrate 1 2 Average solution(%) 1

The rate of enzyme reaction(min-1

Z J

Cn: The higher the albumen concentration, the higher the rate of enzyme reaction/ the shorterthe time taken for the solutionto turn colourless.The hypothesisis accepted.

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