Solid Waste Management For Rural India: 15 July 2016

Solid Waste Management for Rural India 15 July 2016

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Waste Streams and Emphasis Needed Key Waste Streams

Food waste Animal fecal matter Sweepings (Dust, dry organic matter..) Dry waste (Paper, Plastic, Glass..) Greywater (water from kitchen, bath..) Blackwater (from toilet) into open drains

Predominantly Agriculturebased Villages/environs

Predominantly nonagriculture-based village (Peri-urban/large villages, Census Towns)

Low - Moderate

High

High

Low-Moderate

Moderate

High

Low-Moderate

High

High

High

Low-Moderate

Moderate-High

Sources of Solid Waste in a GP Solid Waste

Household

Commercial

Solid Waste from

1. Institutions 2. Small scale industries 3. Hotels 4. Markets 5. Slaughter houses

Types of Household Solid Waste Household Solid Waste

Food waste

Animal waste

RecyclablesR

Non recyclables

• Food waste: Kitchen and left over • Animal waste: Excreta and residual animal feed • Recyclables: Paper, glass, plastic • Non-recyclables: Tetra pack, thermocol • Biomedical waste: Expired medicines • Hazardous waste: Used batteries, bulbs

Street Sweeping

Biomedical & Hazardous waste

Waste generation in Rural Areas Waste Stream

Per household waste generation (grams/capita/day) 150 - 375 125 - 350

Food waste Dry waste (Paper, Plastic, Glass..) Animal waste Buffalo / cow (kg/animal) 5.0 – 7.0 Goat (kg/animal) 0.2 Sweepings (Dust, dry 250 - 750 organic matter..) Note: Household size of 5 and 2 animals/household

Waste characteristics in Rural Areas

Parameter Biodegradable Recyclables Inerts

55 – 75% 20 – 30% 5 – 10%

Household vs Community systems Household

Community

Food wastes – animal feed, compost or biogas Animal waste - compost

Food & animal waste – collection and processing (compost / biogas)

Low capital cost

High capital cost

Low maintenance cost

High maintenance cost

Householder responsible for maintenance

GP responsible for maintenance

Low space requirement

High space requirement

Criteria for selection of Technology 1. Availability of space near houses & housing pattern 2. Geophysical condition of the village including topography, soil structure & ground water conditions

3. Quantity and characteristics of the waste streams 4. Availability of common spaces in & around the village 5. Economic status of the GP & human resource

available with the GP

Technological Options at a Glance Solid waste

(A) Household managed systems

(B.1) Recyclable waste – storage & sale or processing

(B) Community managed systems

(B.2) Biodegradable waste processing systems

How to Select a Technology : Food and animal waste Space at HH

Inadequate space Community managed system

Collection and treatment Collection – tricycle, pushcart or motorized vehicle Treatment – compost or biogas plants Recyclables – Segregated at the household, collected, sold or processed at community level

Segregation & Door to door collection 1. Households may be given a set of two domestic bins one time only and motivated to segregate wet and dry waste at source and Panchayat may arrange door to door collection of wet and dry waste separately.

Managing recyclables in small villages 1. In small villages where door to door collection of wet and dry waste is not considered feasible, community bins may be provided at strategic locations in the village. 2. The community may be motivated to deposit their dry recyclable waste into these bins. 3. Panchayat may arrange weekly collection of recyclable from these bins and store the same in a shed and periodically sell the recyclables to recyclers.

Processing- Bahal Bio Gas Generation Model

Processing-Bohali Vermi Compost Model

Strategy to manage the road side manure pits in the rural areas 1. Consultation with community leadership 2. Quick survey to list out manure pits on each street/public space 3. Motivate farmers to re-align these haphazardly setup dung storage pits to a regularly shaped pit in a row on the same streets without causing any inconvenience or hardship to them 4. Re-aligned pits may be fenced on the roadside by a hedge plants to screen the heaps of animal dung and other organic waste and improve the aesthetics of the village.

Re-aligned and Hedged Manure Pits

Thatched roof for the vermi pit

Earth worms multiply and survive in a moist environment and under the shade. A simple thatched roof at a low height need to be provided by the farmers on their respective vermi pits.

Street Sweeping

1. Citizens may be motivated to participate in efforts to keep the village clean 2. The family members may clean the street in front of their dwelling and deposit the waste so collected at a place notified by panchayat or in their animal dung pit. 3. In large villages, the panchayats may provide limited street cleaning service to clean commercial streets, the school compound &Surface drains.

Proposed Intervention – Solid Waste Management Waste Stream

Proposed Models

Food Waste

1. 2. 3.

Continue re-use as feed for animals; Household composting/bio-gas; Community-level systems – composting / biogas

Animal fecal matter

1.

Streamline, arrange and make aesthetic the current arrangements of stacking the waste; Convert to compost through vermiculture at kurdi / community level; Promote household-level bio-gas systems where space and finance is available

2. 3. Sweepings

1.

2. Dry waste

1. 2. 3.

Streamline current household practices with appropriate Behavior Change Communication; GP-managed systems in areas not covered by households or where household action is limited Segregate at source through provision of bins; Door to door collection / Transfer to street-level bins and then to village-level storage centres; Periodic sale to recyclers who will collect and process periodically.

Indicative Financial Investment Envelope Size Class of GP

SBM Allocation (Rs.)

Up to 150 Households (150 HH)

7 Lakh

151 – 300 Households (300 HH)

12 Lakh

301 – 500 Households (500 HH)

Management Option

SWM Capital Exp. (Rs.)

Bin at HH; Door to door collection (1 tricycle per 1500 population) /Community Bin, Storage Shed / community storage and composting; Dung composting for 30% HH and Biogas for 10% HH;

425,000

15 Lakh

Bin at HH; Door to door collection (1 tricycle per 1500 population) /Community Bin, Storage Shed / community storage and composting; Dung composting for 30% HH and Biogas for 10% HH;

1033,000

More than 500 20 Lakh Households (1000 HH)

Bin at HH; Door to door collection (1 tricycle per 1500 population) /Community Bin, Storage Shed / community storage and composting; Dung composting for 30% HH and Biogas for 10% HH;

2067,000

In Large villages, the level of urbanisation and livestock population would decide the portfolio of management options Biogas plants will be financed by other GoI/State schemes and is not included in this estimate

620,000

Institutional Arrangements for LWM 1. SLWM resource team at State level: 2. SLWM resource team at District level: 3. Explore need for qualified persons/group at GP for O&M and enable GP to make provision 4. Involve SHGs, other community groups, and private sector / entrepreneurs for SLWM as Village Level Sanitarian (service provider) 5. Enable basic monitoring/recording systems at GP level for identified indicators through SBM-G

Thank you

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