-smart Avr (roldan).docx

SMART AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator with Wattmeter) using Arduino for real-time energy monitoring of appliances

Researcher: Jhon Romel P. Roldan

13-0100

University of Southern Mindanao Kidapawan City Campus

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

Adviser: Engr. Jeffrey Gorre

Chapter I Introduction Electricity is now an important part of homes & industries. Almost whole the devices at homes, businesses and industries are running because of electricity (Rallison,2017). Philippine power rates remain one of the highest in Southeast Asia as of end-2016 due to continued lack of government subsidies. Based on the Power Development Plan 2017 to 2040 released yesterday, the country’s power rates are among the highest in the region, at par with the level in Singapore. In terms of electricity rates to industries, both countries have rates of P5.84 per kilowatt-hour (kwh). But in terms of commercial and household rates, the Philippines has the highest at P7.49 per kwh and P8.90 per kwh, respectively (DOE,2017). The irregular power supply during the brownout can ruin your computer and other electronic devices. Electronics are created to operate at specific voltages, so any fluctuations in power (both up and down) can damage them. Those fluctuations can also harm your electronic devices (Energy Today,2015). The cost of electricity consumption can be minimize or lessened if we can track our energy consumption of some of our appliances that consumes large amount of electricity and save them from energy fluctuations. This study was made to help energy consumers keep track of their energy consumption.

The Significance of Study This study is beneficial to the owner of the device in terms of monitoring power consumption of their appliances and preventing them from damage caused by fluctuations of power. It is portable enough that the owner can easily carry it anywhere. And the owner can read the real time power consumption that he/she plugged on it.

Objective of the Study This study aimed to design, program and produce Smart AVR with wattmeter using Arduino.

Research Questions 1. What are the features of Smart AVR? 2. Is the Smart AVR can be reliable in terms of saving electricity? 3. How can Smart AVR help the appliances of its owner?

Hypothesis 1. Smart AVR is composed of an Automatic Voltage Regulator, LCD display of voltage and real time power consumption of the appliance plugged on it. 2. Yes, because it is an Arduino based wattmeter and the user can see the real time power consumption on the LCD display. 3. Smart AVR can prevent power fluctuations that can damage an appliance.

Definition of Terms Electricity- a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current. Par- refers to the face value of a stock or other security, as distinct from its market value. Subsidies- a sum of money granted by the government or a public body to assist an industry or business so that the price of a commodity or service may remain low or competitive. Fluctuation- an irregular rising and falling in number or amount; a variation. Brownout- a reduction in or restriction on the availability of electrical power in a particular area.

Chapter II Review of Related Literature Digital Wattmeter Digital Wattmeter measure current and voltage electronically thousands of times a second, multiplying the results in a computer chip to determine watts. The computer can also perform statistics such as peak, average, low watts and kilowatt-hours consumed. They can monitor the power line for voltage surges and outages. In 2009, a variety of inexpensive digital Wattmeter are available to consumers. With the falling price and improved capabilities of digital electronics, they have become popular for conveniently measuring power consumption in household appliances with an eye toward saving energy and money (John Papiewski; 2017). Digital Wattmeter have become available for home use and are capable of providing users with information that is far superior to that which was provided by the wattmeter of professionals only twenty years ago. Instead of a very imprecise needle display, a digital wattmeter measures the current which is passing through its cables at a thousand times a second, measuring every small change, and providing an average which is the true power supply (Casey Reader; 2017).

Automatic Voltage Regulator Automatic voltage regulators consist of two units which are the measuring unit and the regulating unit. The function of the measuring unit is to detect a change in the input or output voltage of the automatic voltage regulator and producing a signal to operate the regulating unit. The purpose of the regulating unit is to act under the signal from the measuring unit in such a manner as to correct the output voltage of the regulator to a predetermined value. In some cases, a unit is required to control the regulating unit and this additional unit is needed which is known as the controlling unit. It is sometimes necessary to introduce another unit in order to prevent hunting. In all measuring units used in automatic voltage regulators, there is a reference voltage with which the input voltage is compared. The automatic voltage regulator or stabilizer is fully automatic which gives protection to the valuable electronic equipment from high voltage. Due to the unstable nature of the power system the variation of supply voltage causes mal-operation of different electrical and electronic equipment. Generally, the voltage regulation range of the

stabilizer is 170 to 270𝑉 but sometimes the voltage level comes down to 150𝑉 and goes up to 300𝑉 which is undesirable for the overall system. The maximum voltage variation level in any system is considered in designing the 𝐴𝑉𝑅 (International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 12, December-2014 1020).

Arduino Module Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards can read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. Arduino board designs use a variety of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which are also used for loading programs from personal computers. The microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect of features from the programming languages C and C++ (Monk, 2013).

Theoretical framework The conceptualization of the project started with input which consist of ideas, references, tools, supplies. Then followed by throughput consist of planning, designing, producing, testing, and revising in case of failure of operation. The output of the study is the Smart AVR using Arduino.

INPUT    

Ideas References Tools Supplies

THROUGHPUT

    

Planning Designing Producing Testing Revising

OUTPUT Smart AVR using Arduino

Chapter III Methodology This chapter features the methods involved in the designing and producing of the project.

Methods and Techniques The process of making Smart AVR using Arduino follows different steps; Design Procedure

1. The frame cover for Arduino with LCD attached is prepared. 2. The electronic parts for the design is prepared. 3. The programming procedure for Arduino UNO is prepared.

Bibliography John Papiewski – How Does a Wattmeter Work? (https://sciencing.com/wattmeterwork-5030222.html) By Casey Reader; Updated August 07, 2017-Types of Wattmeters(https://sciencing.com/list-6904351-types-wattmeters.html) International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 12, December-2014 1020.