Skull And Cranial Cavity

SKULL AND CRANIAL CAVITY

Williams, et al., 1995

The Cranial Nerves

I. II. III. IV. V.

Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal V1 Ophthalamic V2 Maxillary V3 Mandibular III. Abducens IV. Facial V. Vestibulocochlear VI. Glossopharyngeal VII. Vagus VIII. Accessory IX. Hypoglossal

(S) (S) (M) (M) (B) (S) (S) (B) (M) (B) (S) (B) (B) (M) (M)

S=sensory M=motor B=both sensory & motor

I. OLFACTORY sensory - SVA (smell)

II. OPTIC sensory - SSA (sight)

VIII: VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR sensory - SSA (hearing)-cochlear N. (balance)-vestibular N.

III. OCULOMOTOR motor - GSE (eye movement) GVE (pupillary constriction; accomodation)

IV. TROCHLEAR motor - GSE (eye movement)

IV. ABDUCENS motor - GSE (eye movement)

XI: ACCESSORY motor

Cranial Portion - SVE (muscles of 4th pharyngeal arch, I.e., pharynx and larynx)

Spinal Portion - GSE (2 neck muscles)

XII: HYPOGLOSSAL motor - GSE (muscles of tongue)

V1: Ophthalamic sensory - GSA (upper face) V2: Maxillary sensory - GSA (mid- face) V3: Mandibular sensory - GSA (lower face) motor - SVE (muscles of 1st pharyngeal archI.e., muscles moving the mandible)

V. TRIGEMINAL

VII: Facial 1. Greater petrosal

3. Chorda tympani

2. Motor trunk

Motor & Sensory

Main Branches: 1. Greater Petrosal 2. Motor Trunk 3. Chorda Tympani

VII: Facial

Motor

- SVE (muscles of 2nd pharyngeal arch, i.e., muscles of facial expression) - GVE (lacrimation & salivation)

Sensory - GSA (skin of ear) - SVA (taste)

IX: GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL

motor - SVE (styloglossus, i.e., muscle of 3rd pharyngeal arch - GVE (salivation)

sensory - GSA (ear, tongue, pharynx) - GVA (chemo/baroreception) - SVA (taste)

X: VAGUS sensory - GSA (meninges, skin of ear, laryngeal mucosa) - GVA (stretch; chemo & baroreceptors) - SVA (taste)

motor - SVE (4th&6th arch muscles) - GVE (smooth muscle & glands of GI tract)

SUMMARY OF CNN COMPONENTS COMPONENT

CRANIAL NERVE

1. General Afferent pain, temp. touch (GSA)…….….…...5, 7, 9, 10 proprioception (GSA)…………….…..5

2. Special Afferent smell (SVA)………………………..…..1 sight (SSA)……………………..…...…2 balance (SSA)…………………….…...8 hearing (SSA)……………………..…..8 taste (SVA)………………….…….…..7, 9, 10

3. Voluntary Efferent motor to skeletal muscle (GSE)…….3, 4, 6, spinal 11, 12 motor to skeletal muscle of pharyngeal arch origin (SVE)…..…5, 7, 9, 10, cranial 11

4. Involuntary Efferent parasympathetic to smooth muscle and glands (GVE)……..….3, 7, 9, 10

SCALP & MENINGES

S kin C onnective tissue (dense) A poneurosis L oose connective tissue P ericranium (=periosteum of the skull)

Middle Meningeal A.

B= PTERION

Innervation of the Meninges

Sigmoid Sinus

E=ASTERION

Dural Sinus System

Communications between veins of the Head & Face and the dural Sinuses

1

2 3

1.

Scalp & skull

2.

Facial & ophthalamic VV.

3.

Posterior superior alveolar veins & cavernous sinus

midline of cranial base

Development of Head and Face

From Sadler, 1990

Modified from Sadler, 1990

Modified from Sadler, 1990

cartilage muscle

artery

motor nerve

Schematic Cross Section through a Pharyngeal Arch

Sadler, TW Langman’s Medical Embryology (10th ed.), 2006

Sadler, TW Langman’s Medical Embryology (10th ed.), 2006

Williams, et al., 1995, Gray’s Anatomy, 38th British Edition