Skull

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By prof. Dr. Abdelmon em

Compartments of head

Compartments of head

Regions Scalp Face

temporal

Ptrygopalatine Infratemporal

Norma basalis

Norma frontalis

Norma Lateralis

Norma verticalis Norma Occipitalis

Ant.Cra.Fossa Calvaria = skull cap Mid.Cra.Fossa

post.Cra.Fossa

The internal aspect of the calvaria reveals the pits (granular foveolae; dotted lines) in the frontal and parietal bones, which are produced by enlarged arachnoid granulations or clusters of smaller ones

Skull Maxilla: Temporal Occipital Ethmoid bone: bones: bone:Roof encircle Parietal bone: middle Sphenoid bone: Roof&&Lateral back Nose bones Inferior and lateral to nose post.cr.fossa Floor Partitions & Lateral nasal cavity &orbit .cra. Roofs Fossa it Frontal bone: Roofmiddle Nose, & Ant.cr. .cra. fossa floor middle Contains the air sinus Share bymaxillary 2 concha Posterior Flanks inpart lateral of fossa .cra. fossa This cavity isnot roofed by orbit posterior.cr.fossa base nasal of wall skull but the inferior one Lateral, floor& roof Contains Contains Roof ethmoid air cells ant.cra. fossa sphenoid sinus (air cell) infratemporal medial to orbit fossa Vomer forms the lower part of nasalfrontal septum Contains sinus (air cell) Palatine bone completes hard palate

skull bones contain air = pneumatic.

PARANASAL SINUSES IN BONES NEARBY NOSE

Frontal, Sphenoid, Ethmoid, Maxillary

Nose

Skeleton of

Frontal

Ethmoid

Maxillary

Sphenoid

Para nasal sinuses

Main arteries of head and neck

Branches of maxillary

Branches of External carotid

Subclavian &Vertebral

Internal carotid no extracranial branches

Main Veins in head and neck Ptrygoid venous plexus connects intracranial sinus to extracranial facial veins

Intracranial dural venous sinuses drain brain and cranial cavity to internal jugular

Posterior facial = retromandibular drain deep of face to external jugular Facial drains anterior and superficial of face to internal jugular

Vertebral drains vertebral plexus and occipal veins to subclavian then brachiocephalic

Main Lymphatic in head Superficial accompany veins Superficial Ring

Deep accompany arteries & Tonsillar ring Ph.

Mastoid postauricular

Lymphoid tissue in tongue and pharynx. Parotid preauricular The tonsillar ring Tub. (pink) around the Buccal superior pharynx is formed of the pharyngeal, tubal, Palat. palatine, and lingual Ling. tonsils.

Occipital

Submental Submandibular All end in deep Submental Submandibular Infrahyoid Jugulodigastric=Tonsillar

Main Lymphatic in Neck drain directly or indirectly into the deep cervical lymph nodes Superior deep cervical Prelaryngeal Paralaryngeal Pretracheal Paratracheal Inferior deep cervical thoracic duct on the left

from these deep nodes passes to the jugular lymphatic trunk, To join

IJV or brachiocephalic vein on the right

CrN III

ICa

C

Gr.p CrN IX

Deep.p

SP

Les.p CrN M XI M a

Otic Motor root for otic

Corda Tympani N2med.ptrygoid Motor from chorda

s ub m

Parasympathetic root for each Sensory roots Sympathetic except for OTIC root 4each

Ganglia

SENSORY INNERVATION

Most of skull flat bones develops in membrane only few develops from endochondral processes.

the bones supporting the brain (the occipital, sphenoid, temporal, and ethmoid) are largely formed by endochondral ossification.

Bones supporting the brain (the occipital, sphenoid, temporal, and ethmoid) are largely formed by endo chondral ossification.

Chondrocranium On each side paired cartilages Mid Inter orbital

More lateral 3 cartilages Ala orbitalis Ala temporalis

Hypo physeal Para chordal Peri otic capsule

Notochord in middle line

Occipital sclerotomes

Development of skull Most of skull flat bones develops in membrane only few develops from endochondral processes.

Sides and roof of the neurocranium

& The bones of the splanchnocranium (face)

develop as membrane ossification (intramembranous)

Development of skull Most of skull flat bones develops in membrane only few develops from endochondral processes.

Fetal Bones are further apart to permit cranial compression at birth and cranial growth later. Molding during birth

INFANTILE SKULL

METOPIC SUTURE AND MANDIBULAR ARE UNFUSED

NEW BORN

BONES SUTURES FONTANELLES

NEW BORN SKULL