Siklus Diesel

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DIESEL CYCLE

1

Proses Siklus Diesel



1-2 - KOMPRESI ADIABATIK (ISENTROPIC)



2-3 - PEMASUKAN PANAS PADA TEKANAN KONSTAN



3-4 - KOMPRESI ADIABATIK (ISENTROPIC)



4-1 - PENGELUARAN PANAS PADA VOLUME KONSTAN

2

Efisiensi Siklus  

Bagaimana menerapkan hukum pertama, dalam sistem tertutup?

q - w = ∆u

Thermal Efficiency:

w net η= qin Berarti harus tahu qin dan Wnet 3

  

Langkah kompresi 1 ke 2 (second law) Isentropic s1 = s2 (adiabatic and reversible)

q12 = 0

q12 − w 12 = u2 − u1 Langkah kompresi isentropis dari 1 ke 2 w 12 = u1 − u2 < 0 w in = −w12 = u2 − u1 4



Pemasukan panas pd tekanan konstan, 2 ke3

q 23 − w 23 = u3 − u2

q23 = P2 (v3 −v2 ) + (u3 −u 2 )

qin = q23 = h3 − h2

5



Langkah ekspansi isentropik, S3 = S4, 3 ke 4



q34 = 0 (adiabatic and reversible)

q 34 −w 34 = u4 −u3 w out = w 34 = u3 −u4

6



Pengeluaran panas pada volume konstan

q41 − w 41 = u1 − u4

but w 41 = ∫ Pdv =0 , so

qout = −q41 = u4 − u1

7

Cycle Performance Get net work from energy balance of cycle: w net = qin − qout Substituting for qin and qout:

Efficiency is then:

w net = (h 3 − h 2 ) − (u 4 − u1 )

w net η= qin

subtitusikan kerja dan pamasukan panas:

(h 3 − h 2 ) − (u 4 − u1 ) η= h3 − h2

ηth , Diesel

u 4 − u1 = 1− h3 − h 2

8

efisiensi dengan asumsi udara dalam keadaan dingin (cold air cycle assumptions)

Jika kita mengasumsikan nilai kapasitas panas konstan: u −u

C v (T4 − T1 ) η = 1− =1 − h3 − h2 C p (T3 − T2 ) 4

1

Karena



Constant volume: V1 = V4 ,

 V1  v r1 V1 = r =   = V2  V2  s v r2 9

Cycle performance with cold air cycle assumptions Because we’ve got two isentropic (adiabatic and reversible) processes in the cycle, T1 can be related to T2, and T3 can be related to T4 with our ideal gas isentropic relationships….

T2  P1  =   T1  P2  T4  P3  =   T3  P4 

1− k k

1− k k

 V1  =    V2   V3  =    V4 

k −1

=r

k −1

k −1 10

Cycle performance with cold air cycle assumptions Pada tekanan konstan (isobaris) berlaku hubungan :

P2V2 P3V3 = T2 T3

Proses isobaris P2 = P3 :

V3 T3 ∴ = V2 T2 11



CP =k Jika : Cv

Cycle Performance

T1 (T4 / T1 − 1) C v (T4 − T1 ) (T4 − T1 ) η = 1− =1 − = 1− C p (T3 − T2 ) k(T3 − T2 ) kT2 (T3 / T2 − 1)

Kita sekarang mendefinisikan nilai baru, cutoff ratio rc V3 rc = V2

ηth , Diesel

1  r −1  = 1 − k −1   r  k (rc − 1)  k −1 c

What are the limitations for this expression? 12

Contoh soal Sebuah mesin dengan siklus diesel ideal bekerja pada ratio tekanan 18 dan cutoff ratio 2. Pada awal langkah kompresi tekanan udara adalah 14,7 psi, 80oF dan 117 in3. Dengan asumsi keadaan udara dingin standar {R=0,3704 Psi.ft3/(lbm.R); Cp=0,240 Btu/(lbm.R); Cv=0,171 Btu/(lbm.R) }hitung : (a) temperature pada setiap proses (b) Efesiensi thermal siklus 13

Penyelesaian : a) temperature setiap proses V1 117 in 3 V2 = = = 6.5 in 3 r 18 V3 = rcV2 = 2 × 6.5 in 3 = 13 in 3 V4 = V1 = 117 in 3





Proses 1-2 isentropis

V  T2 = T1  1   V2 

K −1

= ( 540 R )(18)

1.4 −1

= 1716 R

Proses 2-3 isobaris

V3 T3 = T2 = (1716 R )( 2 ) = 3432 R V2 

Proses 3-4 isentropis

 V3  T4 = T3    V4 

K −1

1.4 −1

 13 in   = ( 3432 R )  3   117 in  3

= 1425R 14

b) efesiensi 

Massa udara

(



(

)

 1 ft 3  ( P1V1 14.7 psi ) 117in 3   = 0.00498 lbm m= = 3 3  RT1 0.3707 psi. ft / lbm.R ( 540 R )  1728in 

)

Pemasukan panas pada tekanan konstan

qin = mC p (T3 − T2 ) = ( 0,004980 ).( 0,240) (3432 − 1716) = 2.051 Btu 

Pengeluaran panas pada volume konstan

qin = mCv (T4 − T1 ) = ( 0,004980).( 0,171) (1425 − 540) = 0,758 Btu  

Sehingga : Wnet = qin-qout = 2,051-0,171=1,293 btu Maka efisiensi : Wnet 1,293 η= = = 0,63 qin 2,051 15

Dual cycle p

x

3 qin

2 4 1

qout

v 16

PRINSIP KERJA MOTOR DUAL FUELED Bahan Bakar Gas disemprotkan ke dalam intake manifold, bercampur dengan udara masuk ke dalam silinder dan dikompresikan Bahan bakar solar disemprotkan sesaat sebelum TMA, untuk memulai pembakaran (solar hanya untuk memulai pembakaran) Pembakaran selanjutnya terjadi pada campuran udara dan bahan bakar gas Sisa pembakaran dibuang melalui saluran buang oleh dorongan langkah buang torak 17

Performance dual cycle 

Jika :

CP =k Cv

C v (T4 − T1 ) η = 1− C v (Tx − T2 ) + C p (T3 − Tx )

ηth , Dual

(T4 − T1 ) = 1− (Tx − T2 ) + k (T3 − Tx ) 18

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