Shabda And Sanstha

¹abda and Samsth¢ (Words and systems) Note for proposed scientific dictionary of Vedic literature byArun Kumar Upadhyay, IPS, B-9, CB-9,Cantonment Road, Cuttack-753001 0671-2304172/2304433 Mob-09437034172 Email [email protected] (Summary) Manusm¨ti has stated that originally Brahm¢ gave names to objects as per their works and made various samsth¢s as per the words of vedas. First part is echoed by Bible that Adam had named all objects. In China, Fan is stated to have named objects. Mah¢bh¢rata gives some more details. However, there is doubt whether words were formed as per systems and acts of the components, or systems were formed by words in vedas. Whatever may be cause or sequence, all the languages are being used in same pattern as it was about 18000 years ago. Within same language, words have different meanings/definitions for different subjects, organizations and some peculiarity of a place, climate, tradition or historic incident. There are two eternal chains-one is Jain texts which is called Laukika. This has been changing as per the state of sciences, society and current language of the area. Veda describes interaction of 3 major world-systems in permanent language of sanskrit-1. Cosmological (¢dhidaivika), Physical (¢dhibhautika) and internal. All systems are replica of each other. Thus, meaning of words in cosmological sense has given rise to the other 2 worlds. This is the meaning of samsth¢ from words of vedas. Thus, we should not search for single meaning, nor insert a meaning of one system into the other merely for creating artificial contradiction in Oxford pattern for destroying vedas. Meaning of each word is to be defined separately for 3 worlds and their subsystems. The scientific defintion and measures are given by old knowledge in ved¢nga and later Jain rendering in Prak¨ta. Combination of both is needed to understand 7 units of length, 9 units of time and 7 yugas. Measures of mass and 19 compound (or derived units) called 19 vayah chhandas in yajurveda, chap. 14 is yet to be done. For that, vaiºe¾ika philosophy with theory of pudgala and astik¢ya in Jain texts is needed. Here, vedas means samhit¢, 3 types of Br¢hma´a, 6 anga and up¢nga, pur¢´a, itih¢sa etc. 1. Veda systems-The present human civilization was by Brahm¢ who was a man of s¢dhya class in Ma´ij¢ civilization. S¢dhya are still remembered by Jain as class of Siddhas, or siddhasystem of medicine. K¨¾´a has also stated that among Siddhas, he is Kapila Muni (G¤t¢ 10/ 26). He has called himself and Kapila as Munis which tradition is continued in Jain sects. Otherwise there is craze to become §¾i which also looks small and there is crowd of selfstyled Mahar¾is, Devar¾i or Brahmar¾is. By the time of first Brahm¢, scientific knowledge had reached the top, and extraction of minerals had started, so the civilization has been called Ma´ij¢ with 4 broad groups-S¢dhya (like Br¢hma´a), Mah¢r¢jika (kºatriya), ¡bh¢svara (vaiºya) and Tu¾ita (º¦dra). Due to philosophical dispute between 10 sects giving alternate models of creation of world named in N¢sad¤ya-s¦kta of §gveda (10/129/1-7). After the first Brahm¢ at Pu¾kara (Bukhara in Uzbekistan or old Persia at 120 west from Ujjain and 350 north latitude). His language system still survives-north east region writes top to bottom and signs for each word, South east parts write from left to right and west parts still write from right to left. -1-

These languages have divided words into units of letters. Thus, all scripts were written from place of Brahm¢ for a region. He also unified the conflicting philosophies into a single Vedic philosophy with 3 sets of worlds and 5 modes of creation or production called yaj®a. This civilization was destroyed in glacial floods of about 31000 BC (and consequent wars) and thereafter Sv¢yambhuva Manu called Adam (Bhavi¾ya pur¢´a, pratisarga 1/4/16) re-started civilization in 29,102 BC (26,000 years before kali as per Brahm¢´²a pur¢´a 1/2/29/3637, 1/2/29/19). He re-organized languages and defintions as per concepts of vedas created already. This is what Bible (old testament) says that Adam named all objects (called Fan in China). Manusm¨ti (1/21) tells-

gd}fm§ Vw g Zm_m{Z H$_m©{U M n¥WH²$ n¥WH²$Ÿ& doX eãXoä` EdmXm¡ n¥WH²$ g§ñWmíM {Z_©_oŸ&& This is also in Mah¢bh¢rata, º¢ntiparva (232/24-26)

F$f`ñVngm doXmZÜ`¡fÝV {Xdm{Ze_²Ÿ& AZm{X{ZYZm {dÚm dmJwËg¥îQ>m ñd`å^wdmŸ&& ZmZmê$n§ M ^yVmZm§ H$_©Um§ M àdÎm©Z_²Ÿ& doXeãXoä` EdmXm¡ {Z{_©_rVo g B©ída:Ÿ&& 2. Cosmic system- (1) Svayambh¦ ma´²ala is the whole world. This is called Satya loka as it is satya (same, unchanging) in all points, direction and times. Theoretically visible universe is called tapah-loka as light (or heat) from one part can theoretically reach other parts. Tapah loka is place of Brahm¢ (cosmic ceator) whose size is 264 times earth size (about 12 billion light years). Thus, Br¢hm¤ script has 63 or 64 letters. More correctly, its radius should be 864 crore light years equal to the day-night of Brahm¢, called kalpa. Thus, the power of 2 in measure of tapah loka is between 63 and 64. (2) Svayambh¦ ma´²ala has 100 billion particles as galaxies. Being egg (a´²a) shaped parts, they are called Brahm¢´²a. As largest structure, they are Parame¾°h¤ ma´²ala. This is the largest cave or enclosure called parama-guh¢. Our galaxy is image of Svayambh¦ as it has same number 1011 of particles as stars. Separation of each particle is powder form (kharva), so 1011 is called kharva. As countable (ga´ana=Ga´eºa) universe, Ga´eºa is called Kharva. As most cosmic structures are almost spherical, Kharva also means short height. Its circumference is half of 1017 yojanas (1 yojana=half degree arc on earth surface =55.5 kms. as per §gveda 1/123/4). As 1017 is called par¢, parama guh¢ has been called par¢rdha in Ka°hopani¾ad (1/3/1). The permanent creative field is called K¦rma as it creates (Aitareya Br¢hma´a 5/7, ¹atapatha Br¢hma´a 7/5/1/5). Its size is 1018 yojanas (1000 parts of earth diameter=12.8 Kms), i.e. 10 times size of galaxy (Narapati-jayachary¢, ºivasvarodaya chapter, k¦rma-chakra). It is region of rays (Go) called nutrino corona in modern astronomy, so it has been called nitya-go-loka in Brahma-vaivartta-pur¢´a, prak¨ti kha´²a, chapter 3 within which the great child (mah¢-vi¾´u=galaxy which is last limit or parama-pada of rays of sun=vi¾´u) is born and decays in life cycle of Brahm¢. Beyond that is the zone of darkness which is measured in 56 units of exponential scale, so the chhanda of 56 letters is called ºakvar¤ (T¢´²ya mah¢br¢hma´a 11/10/11,12). Number of stars (nakºatra) is equal to lomagarttas in a year. Muh¦rtta (15 parts of day =48 minutes divided by 15 at each step 7 times to give lomagartta which is 15-7 muh¦rtta=about 75,000 parts of a second). Lomagartta also means cell. Thus, the cells in human body are 1012. Puru¾a is 10 times bh¦mi (Puru¾a s¦kta, 1), so number of stars in galaxy or cells in brain are 1011 (ºatapatha br¢hma´a10/4/4/2, 12/3/2/5) (3) Sun is one of the 1011 particles of galaxy. its size is 230 of earth size. §gveda (10/189/3) tells that v¢k (field, word) of sun extends till 30 dh¢ma. There are 3 dh¢ma within earth -2-

surface, so there are 33 dh¢ma in total within solar system. B¨had¢ra´yaka upani¾ad (3/3/2) i.e. ¹atapatha br¢hma´a (14/3/1/2) tells that 32 ahar is measure of Deva-ratha, next 33rd and 34th are successively of double size. Thus, all the ahar are of double the previous size. Counting 3 zones within earth, radius R of nth ahar is R = r x 2 (n-3), where r is radius of earth. Pr¢´a (energy-level) of each zone is a deva, so there are 33 devas in solar system. Beyond that in galaxy are Viºvedevas. In galaxy of 49 aharga´a, there are 49 maruts. As the motion starts is galaxy, its element is called air (motion). Svayambh¦ is almost vacant, its element is ak¢ºa (sky). There are vair¢ja devas beyond galaxy. Consonants in Indian scripts are symbols of 33 devas from ka to ha, so it is devan¢gar¤ (nagara or arrangement of devas in symbols). Its first extension is Indra (solar) to V¢yava (galaxy) is devan¢gar¤ of 49 letters till zone of 49 maruts. Extension parallel to tapah loka is Br¢hm¤ of 64 letters. Solar system is divided into 6 va¾a°k¢ra (ºatapatha br¢hma´a 1/7/2/11, 11/2/2/5) of 3, 9, 15, 21, 27, 33 aharga´as. Another division is into 3- heat zone upto 100 yojana (100 sun diameters-Kau¾¤taki Br¢hma´a 8/3, ºatapatha br¢hma´a 10/2/4/3, 9/1/1/7), bright zone till 1000 diameters(Jaimin¤ya upani¾ad br¢hma´a 1/44/5, Yajurveda 16/6) and light zone (Maitreya ma´²ala) till 1 lakh yojanas (Vi¾´u pur¢´a 2/7/5). Soma division is 2 only, size of planets increases upto Jupiter, material after that is Brahma´aspati, material after sun (its v¢k upto 33 aharga´a) is v¢kpati soma. Soma near earth starts with moon orbit called pavam¢na. (4) Sphere of Moon orbit is the soma ma´²ala. (5) Earth planet is bh¦-ma´²ala. 3. Earth zones-There are parallel geographical divisions on earth. Trilok¤ of Indra was India (lower), China (middle), and Russia including Siberia (upper). This is parallel to 3 dh¢ma in space-solar system or Rodas¤ is lower (avama), galaxy or Krandas¤ is middle (madhyama)and universe or Sanyat¤ is higher (parama). The uniform Rasa spread everywhere is paramadh¢ma. Like water of 4 dh¢mas, there are 4 oceans on 4 sides of Jamb¦-dv¤pa (Eurasia). Indra dh¢mas are further divided into 3 each, two in middle are common, giving 7 zones. Dh¢ma and lokas in space areUniverse 1. Satya 2. Tapah 3. Jana (galaxy) Galaxy 4. Mahrloka (spiral arm of galaxy where 1000 stars called heads of ºe¾a exist) 5. Svar loka (saura-ma´²ala) Solar system 6. Bhuvarloka (Bh¦-var¢ha of 10 sun diameters around earth-V¢yupur¢´a 6/12) 7. Bh¦loka (Earth) 7 lokas in Indra rule are1. Bh¦ (equator to Vindhya) 2. Bhuvar (Vindhya to Him¢laya). 3. Svar (Trivi¾°ap=Tibet, vitapas of Vi¾´u,¹iva,Brahm¢ are catchments of Sindhu,Gang¢, Brahmaputra) 4. Mahar (China-its people were called mah¢n=Han by Brahm¢) 5. Janah (Mangolia)-Mukul=preta in Arabic. Souls go to janah=jannata after kalpa (Vi¾nu pu.2//7/12,20) 6. Tapas (Steppes)-Siberia) 7. Satya-Polar circle. -3-

As average energy of higher lokas in space decreases, heatof earth lokas also decreases. From east to west, there are 7 talas (=incline, Iklim of Arabic=climate). Atala=Italy, Atal¢ntaka=Atlantis or the ocean, Tal¢tala=North Africa, P¢t¢la=north America, Ras¢tala=south America. Vitala and sutala are not clear. 7 Dv¤pas are described in Siddh¢nta darpa´a, commentary by A.K. Upadhyay, chap 18. There are other divisions of 3 lokas also. In Europe, south part is Bh¦ (Medi-terranean sea), Middle is Bhuvar (Bavarian plains), north part is Svar. In cold zone, lower part is svarga (Sweden is Sverge) and higher land is narka (Norway=Norge). Middle plains are agriculture oriented (¡rya=area, raiyat, rayal) and coastal region has trade as main work whose people are Dravida (drava=liquid, dravya=liquid money which flows from one hand to other, dravida =property, region or people in trade) This is similar to Indian areas of ¡rya and Dravi²a, it is not necessary that people from here have gone there. In South America also, there are puras of Iron, Silver, gold called Tripura- Brazil (=iron in Hebrew), Argentina (Argentum=silver), Antarctic may be gold. North of Brazil also lies Mexico (M¢kºika=silver). 4. Lokap¢la-There were 8 lokapalas (lords of lokas or directions) with reference to center of India in main and corner directions. Starting from east they were-Indra (east), Agni (southeast), Yama (south), Nir¨ti (south-west), Varu´a (west), Marut (north-west), Kubera (north), Iº¢ (north-east). Accoedingly, there are separate languages. Including sanskrit in center, there are 9 languages. It is stated in V¢lm¤ki R¢m¢ya´a, uttara-k¢´²a (36/45) that Hanum¢n was well versed in all the 9 grammers. Within India also, each region has some special words-K¢º¤ region has words for yaj®a and ¹iva like-Rav¢ (word of respect), B¢°e (vartate), anas, agh¢. Mithil¢ region of ¹akti uses aham for respect as letters from a to ha are m¢t¨k¢s in parts of body. Orissa being center of eastern part, has words related to Indra. Andhra is region of Var¢ha (150 north corresponding to 15 aharga´a size of Var¢ha in space). Tradition of Br¢hm¤ is continued only in Telugu and Kanna²a having 3-fold vowels of 1, 2, 3 meters and a total of 63/64 letters. On west, land of Ga´eºa is Mah¢r¢¾°ra who was in charge of prescribing script in each era and was called Jye¾°har¢ja or Brahma´aspati (§gveda 2/23/1,17). On the south west side is script of Subrahma=sveda-Brahma. Brahma is seen as collection of discrete bodies and in that respect Ga´eºa has been called Pratyakºa (Visible) Brahm¢ in Ga´apatyatharvaº¤r¾a. Gopatha-Brahma´a chapter 1 defines sveda (sweat) to merge discrete bodies to make it subrahma. The script or person doing that is Subrahma´ya. In Tamil, first 4 letters of each group of consonants are merged together, so it is subrahma´ya. It was shortened for symbolic purpose to be used in war against Asuras centered in north-America called Krau¬cha-dv¤pa in shape of a bird with spread wing. Finally, Krau¬cha was destroyed by K¢rttika. His army was of Mayura (Peacock) and with spread of his naval power Maori (may¦r¤) tribe and language spread in the largest spread of pacific islands. It is surprising that same language was used by Maoris in small islands spread for 15000 kms north-south or east-west direction. Originally his language (or script) was Br¢hm¤ (Kanna²a/Telugu), so Dr. S. Venugopala Acharya of Mandya (Karnataka) in his books-World-wide Hindu culture, and Modern Scientific Discoveries from Hindu Sastras- has proved that inscriptions in Mexico and Peru of Inca amd Mayas are of Kannada origin in shape and meaning both. 5. Meaning for various sciences-Same word is defined differently in different sciences. To explain them is the purpose of scientific or technical dictionary. For separate organiza-4-

tions also, there are some specific words. Words used in secretariate are separate from words in university. Medical college and PWD use words differently. All branches of trade/business/industry have some special words. In Tantra and yoga also, some peculiar words are used which have no definition in common language as its meaning can be realized only by experience. This is the signficance of sansth¢ from words of vedas. Real Veda is the world itself of 5 levels. Thus, the original meaning of words is for cosmological system. Others are its reflections. Each of the 5 parvas (stages) of world has its image in human body whose centers are 5 chakras in back-bone. Correspondence of cosmos and manSl.No. Universe levels God Element Vowel Corresponding Chakras inner letters in human body 1. Formless source Nirviºe¾a Rasa Aum Aum Sahasr¢ra 2. Matter/energy duality Par¢tpara ¹iva-ºakti Aum Aum ¡j®¢ 3. Sv¢yambhuva Brahm¢ ¡k¢ºa A h Viºuddhi 4. Parame¾°h¤ Vi¾´u V¢yu I y An¢hata 5. Saura Indra Fire U v Sv¢dhi¾°h¢na 6. Ch¢ndra Soma Water § r Ma´ip¦ra 7. Bh¦ Agni Earth μ l M¦l¢dh¢ra The above sequence of chakras is in sequence of creation called S¨¾°i-krama, given in Saundarya-lahar¤, verse 9. Letters for 5 concrete cosmic levels are 5 root vowels and the corresponding antahstha (inner pronounced) letters start the vowels in Maheºvara-s¦tra which is root of creation and grammer both- ABCU²Ÿ& F$b¥H²$Ÿ&.... h`daQ²>Ÿ& bU²Ÿ& Veda in word form is made apauru¾eya by taking an average of impartial sages who saw unity of 3 worlds. Link between 3 world systems or Universe-common men, or chain of education etc are §¾is (rassi=string). 6. Chain of Brahm¢- Mah¢bh¢rata, º¢ntiparva, chapters 348-349 describe 7 human Brahm¢s and their works. But this does not give any clue about their times and places. In Jagadguruvaibhavam and Indra-vijaya, Pt. Madhusudan Ojha has described start of civilization and rise of Indra.Accordingly, first Brahm¢ was a Siddha of S¢dhya tribe prior to 31000 BC at Pu¾kara (Bukhara). Sv¢yambhuva Manu was Brahm¢ or Adam in 29102 BC in India where his descendants Uttanap¢da and Dhruva ruled. Then, Kaºyapa was in 17500 BC. near Caspian sea and was head of Asura and Devas both. Asuras were supreme for 10 yugas (V¢yu pur¢´a 98/ 51,62, 71). Even after kiilling of Hira´y¢kºa and Hira´yakaºipu by Var¢ha and Narasimha, Asuras remained supreme. V¢mana was the first incarnation in India who gave the supremacy of Trilok¤ to Indra for the first time. His proper name was Vi¾´u and was based at Puri. But, Asuras had dissatisfaction that they could have defeated Devas in direct war. Supremacy in war was asserted by K¢rttikeya who was born in K¨ttik¢ star. His mother was Bahul¢ (K¢rttikeya is B¢huleya) who was sister of V¢mana’s mother. Bahul¢ might have been from Viº¢kha where two rivers Vamºadh¢r¢ and N¢g¢vali remain separate from source to sea. He set up 6 centers of power called adopted mothers mentioned in Taittir¤ya Br¢hma´a (3/1/4/4)-1. Dul¢ in Orissa (Dulal=K¢rttikeya), 2. Abhrayant¤ in Andhra-Mah¢r¢¾°ra, 3. Nitatni in Tamilnadu, 4. Var¾ayant¤ in Asam, 5. Chupu´¤k¢ in Punjab (Chopra) and 6. Meghayant¤ in Sindh-Rajsthan (Meghani title without rains). K¢rttikeya was in about 16000 BC when Abhijit star (Vega) has fallen from pole position, or rather north pole had moved away from that -5-

(Mah¢bh¢rata, Vanaparva, 230/8-10). Earlier (more likely from Kaºyapa), year was starting from entry of Sun in Abhijit. Thereafter, on direction from Indra, K¢rttikeya consulted Brahm¢ (Ap¢ntaratam¢ on banks of God¢var¤) and started year with entry of sun in Dhani¾°h¢. Then, due to previous Asura tradition, year started with southward motion of sun, still called day of Asuras in S¦rya-siddh¢nta. Thus rains are var¾¢ and year or a country (rain system bounded by mountains) are var¾a. Due to that, Br¢hm¤ tradition is in Kannada and Telugu only. Another Padman¢bha Brahm¢ appears to have existed in Ma´ipur. K¢rttikeya started shortened lipi of Tamil due to which he had to change meaning of 50 out of 2000 root verbs of sanskrit. In 16000 BC, rains and year started with Dhani¾°h¢ which is still followed in ved¢nga jyoti¾a. After that, Vaivasvata Manu (13902 BC) started the present calender from Aºvin¤ and Chaitra month given in S¦rya-siddh¢nta. In this scheme, Brahm¢ was not the starter of yugas, he was in initial tret¢ (V¢yu pur¢´a 9/46, 31/3, 33/5 etc.). There were glacial floods during rule of Vaivasvata Yama (Jamshed of Zend-Avesta) in about 11000 BC. Due to that axial rotation of earth became slower and S¦rya-siddh¢nta had to be revised by Maya at Romaka-pattana (900 west of Ujjain) in 9232 BC in a conference presided over by Vivasv¢n chair. Prior to that, Matsya in 9533 BC (Vi¾´udharmottara pur¢´a 82/7, 8 tells that Prabhava years in both S¦rya and Pit¢maha cycles started with Matsya and R¢ma. This will have gap of 5100 years) had settled the world order after floods and §¾abha-deva had extablished world paramouncy. As ruler he is incarnation of Vi¾´u, as starter of knowledge he in 9th ¹iva in human form (K¦rma pur¢´a 51/6), some prior ¹iva was father of K¢rttikeya. Elder son of Sv¢yambhuva Manu, Priyabrata had measured the zones of solar system, hence it is called Priyabrata zone in Bh¢gavata pur¢´a skandha 5. Then, there was cooperation between Asura andDevas for mining in K¦rma period, just before K¢rttikeya. There was extensive mining in Chhotanagpur plateau. Asuras were experts in deep mining so they occupied hot zone of V¢suki mouth. Devas were experts in extraction,s so they did refining of gold in Zimbabwe (Jambunada svar´a) and silver in Mexico. Till today, descendants of Asuras are in mining belt. Their titles indicate mining-Hansad¢ (aerial survey for location), Kerkett¢ (marking the spot on map), Mu´²¢ (Iron ore), Kisku (Blast furnace), Kh¢lko (Copper in Greek) etc. Organisers were Santhals (of Sansth¢) near Mandar¢chala mountain and V¢suk¤n¢tha near Bhagalpur. Thus all the words related to mining in Indus valley inscriptions are from Santhal origin. They can be from mining area only specially where international cooperation was done. Then, extensive survey was done during rule of P¨thu (17050 BC) on whose name earth is called P¨thv¤. His father Vena was a Vedic §¾i and ¹ukra planet is named after him. Priyabrata and Vena might have been jaina T¤rthankars prior to §¾abhadeva in Utsarpi´¤ era. Vena has been specifically called a jaina and he was much prior to §¾abhadeva. (Details of units and chronology in my book S¢nkhya-sidd¢nta (Hindi) and Vedic View of ¹r¤ Jagann¢tha) 7. Conclusion-Thus the steps for Scientific dictionary of vedas are-(1) astronomical structures,(2) Yaj®a or creation in space, earth and within human body, (3) Chemical transformations of 9 types of atoms. Here, Vaiºe¾ika philosophy needs to be supplemented by concept of pudgala and astik¢ya in Jain texts. (4) ¹r¤ or Field of 10 dimensions, (5) Meanings related to yoga/tantra (¢dhy¢tmika), (6) Meanings related to Physical sciences. Astronomical meanings were defined by MadhusudanOjha. But 7 yugas and yojana were clear only by comparing them with works of Muni Mahendra Kumar ji in Viºva-prahelik¢. -6-